Association of the second birth mode of delivery and interval with maternal pelvic floor changes: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the association of the second birth delivery mode and interval with maternal pelvic floor changes. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included women who had a first delivery and were in weeks 36-41 of a subsequent pregnancy at Panzhihua Central Hospital between July 2017 and June 2018. The primary outcomes of the study were the hiatus area at 6 months postpartum and bladder neck (mm) at rest and during a maximum Valsalva maneuver. RESULTS: There were 112 women with vaginal delivery and 182 with Cesarean section. The hiatus area and hiatus circumference decreased at all time points (all P < 0.001). The women with Cesarean section had a smaller hiatus area and circumference (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). The hiatus diameters decreased with time in both groups (all P < 0.001) and were smaller after Cesarean section (both P < 0.001). The bladder neck at maximum Valsalva increased with time (all P < 0.001) without significant differences between the two groups. Finally, the proportion of patients with POP-Q stage 0/I increased with time in both groups (all P < 0.001), with the proportions being higher in the Cesarean group (P = 0.002). The birth interval was negatively correlated with the hiatus area (B=-0.17, 95%CI: -0.25, -0.08, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with the bladder neck at rest (B = 0.22, 95%CI: 0.08, 0.35, P = 0.001) and at maximum Valsalva (B = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.65, 1.05, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the mode of delivery at the second birth could influence the hiatus area and circumference and bladder neck size. The birth interval was negatively correlated with the hiatus area and positively correlated with the bladder neck at rest and at maximum Valsalva.

Effects of Pregnancy and Delivery Methods on Change in Ankylosing Spondylitis Treatment Using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service Claims Database.

BACKGROUND: Women with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) show a higher rate of cesarean section (CS) compared with healthy women. In this study, we determined the effects of pregnancy and delivery methods on AS worsening by analyzing prescription patterns. METHODS: The subjects were women with AS aged 20-49 years listed in the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service claims database. Change in treatment was defined as change in prescriptions 1-2 years before delivery or 1 year after delivery. We compared change in prescriptions between AS women with delivery or without delivery (1:1 matched). Moreover, we evaluated change in prescriptions according to delivery method among AS women with delivery. RESULTS: A total of 6,821 women with AS were included. Women in the delivery group (n = 996) were younger and showed less drug use and lower comorbidity rates than those in the no delivery group. Change in prescriptions did not differ between the delivery and no delivery groups (odds ratio [OR], 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56-1.05). Furthermore, the overall change in prescriptions did not significantly differ between vaginal delivery (VD) and CS (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.45-1.14). CONCLUSION: The rate of change in prescriptions was comparable between AS patients with and without delivery. There was no association between the method of delivery and change in prescription. Therefore, pregnancy and VD may not be the factors associated with AS worsening.

Effects of Pregnancy and Delivery Methods on Change in Ankylosing Spondylitis Treatment Using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service Claims Database

BACKGROUND: Women with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) show a higher rate of cesarean section (CS) compared with healthy women. In this study, we determined the effects of pregnancy and delivery methods on AS worsening by analyzing prescription patterns. METHODS: The subjects were women with AS aged 20–49 years listed in the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service claims database. Change in treatment was defined as change in prescriptions 1–2 years before delivery or 1 year after delivery. We compared change in prescriptions between AS women with delivery or without delivery (1:1 matched). Moreover, we evaluated change in prescriptions according to delivery method among AS women with delivery. RESULTS: A total of 6,821 women with AS were included. Women in the delivery group (n = 996) were younger and showed less drug use and lower comorbidity rates than those in the no delivery group. Change in prescriptions did not differ between the delivery and no delivery groups (odds ratio [OR], 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56–1.05). Furthermore, the overall change in prescriptions did not significantly differ between vaginal delivery (VD) and CS (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.45–1.14). CONCLUSION: The rate of change in prescriptions was comparable between AS patients with and without delivery. There was no association between the method of delivery and change in prescription. Therefore, pregnancy and VD may not be the factors associated with AS worsening.

Obstetric and cardiac outcomes in women with Marfan syndrome and an aortic root diameter ≤ 45mm.

OBJECTIVE: To assess obstetric and aortic outcomes in women with Marfan Syndrome according to aortic root diameter, in view of recommendations for caesarean delivery when the aortic root diameter is ≥40 mm in the 2010 American guidelines versus >45 mm in the 2011 European guidelines. STUDY DESIGN: In this retrospective cohort study conducted at Sainte-Justine Mother and Child Tertiary Hospital, 27 pregnancies in 20 women with Marfan Syndrome as defined by the international criteria, were followed prospectively between 1994 and 2017, after excluding women with prior aortic surgery. Obstetric and aortic outcomes were compared in 2 groups according to aortic root diameter: < 40 mm (21 pregnancies) and 40-45 mm (6 pregnancies). RESULTS: 21/27 women had a vaginal delivery. The caesarean section rate was 23.8% and 16.7% in women with diameter <40 mm and 40-45 mm respectively (p-value = 1), and perinatal outcome was similar across groups. Two women with a prepregnancy aortic root diameter <40 mm developed an acute type B dissection during the third trimester. Both had a family history of aortic dissection. CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal delivery with rigorous pain control and avoidance of Valsalva maneuver may be safely considered in women with Marfan Syndrome and an aortic root diameter ≤45 mm. The risk of type B aortic dissection during pregnancy is hard to predict. Other factors such as family history of dissection and descending aorta size may play an important role, and this may modify our counselling.

Randomized trial of plastic bags to prevent term neonatal hypothermia in a resource-poor setting.

OBJECTIVES: Term infants in resource-poor settings frequently develop hypothermia during the first hours after birth. Plastic bags or wraps are a low-cost intervention for the prevention of hypothermia in preterm and low birth weight infants that may also be effective in term infants. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that placement of term neonates in plastic bags at birth reduces hypothermia at 1 hour after birth in a resource-poor hospital. METHODS: This parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted at University Teaching Hospital, the tertiary referral center in Zambia. Inborn neonates with both a gestational age ≥37 weeks and a birth weight ≥2500 g were randomized 1:1 to either a standard thermoregulation protocol or to a standard thermoregulation protocol with placement of the torso and lower extremities inside a plastic bag within 10 minutes after birth. The primary outcome was hypothermia (<36.5°C axillary temperature) at 1 hour after birth. RESULTS: Neonates randomized to plastic bag (n = 135) or to standard thermoregulation care (n = 136) had similar baseline characteristics (birth weight, gestational age, gender, and baseline temperature). Neonates in the plastic bag group had a lower rate of hypothermia (60% vs 73%, risk ratio 0.76, confidence interval 0.60-0.96, P = .026) and a higher axillary temperature (36.4 ± 0.5°C vs 36.2 ± 0.7°C, P < .001) at 1 hour after birth compared with infants receiving standard care. CONCLUSIONS: Placement in a plastic bag at birth reduced the incidence of hypothermia at 1 hour after birth in term neonates born in a resource-poor setting, but most neonates remained hypothermic.

Obstetric outcomes in the second birth of women with a previous caesarean delivery: a retrospective cohort study from Peru / Resultados obstétricos no segundo parto em mulheres com uma cesárea anterior: um estudo de coorte retrospectivo no Peru

PURPOSE: To examine obstetric outcomes in the second birth of women who had undergone a previous cesarean delivery. METHODS: This was a large hospital-based retrospective cohort study. We included pregnant women who had a previous delivery (vaginal or cesarean) attending their second birth from 2001 to 2009. Main inclusion criteria were singleton pregnancies and delivery between a gestation of 24 and 41 weeks. Two cohorts were selected, being women with a previous cesarean delivery (n=7,215) and those with a vaginal one (n=23,720). Both groups were compared and logistic regression was performed to adjust for confounding variables. The obstetric outcomes included uterine rupture, placenta previa, and placental-related complications such as placental abruption, preeclampsia, and spontaneous preterm delivery. RESULTS: Women with previous cesarean delivery were more likely to have adverse outcomes such as uterine rupture (OR=12.4, 95%CI 6.8-22.3), placental abruption (OR=1.4, 95%CI 1.1-2.1), preeclampsia (OR=1.4, 95%CI 1.2-1.6), and spontaneous preterm delivery (OR=1.4, 95%CI 1.1-1.7). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with previous cesarean section have adverse obstetric outcomes in the subsequent pregnancy, including uterine rupture, and placental-related disorders such as preeclampsia, spontaneous preterm delivery, and placental abruption.

OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados obstétricos no segundo parto de mulheres que já haviam realizado uma cesariana. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo em um hospital materno. Foram incluídas mulheres grávidas que deram à luz (vaginal ou cesárea) de 2001 a 2009. Os principais critérios de inclusão foram: mulheres com 24 a 41 semanas de gestação e com um parto prévio. Duas coortes foram selecionados, sendo uma incluindo mulheres com uma cesariana anterior (n=7.215) e outra com um parto vaginal (n=23.720). Ambos os grupos foram comparados, e uma regressão logística foi realizada para ajustar devido às variáveis de confusão. Os resultados obstétricos incluídos foram ruptura uterina, placenta prévia, complicações relacionadas com uma placentação inadequada, tais como descolamento prematuro da placenta, pré-eclâmpsia e parto prematuro espontâneo. RESULTADOS: Mulheres com uma cesariana anterior foram mais propensas a ter resultados adversos, tais como ruptura uterina (OR=12,4, IC95% 6,8-22,3), descolamento prematuro da placenta (OR=1,4, IC95% 1,1-2,1), pré-eclâmpsia (OR=1,4, IC95% 1,2-1,6) e parto prematuro espontâneo (OR=1,4, IC95% 1,1-1,7). CONCLUSÕES: Pessoas com uma cesárea anterior têm resultados obstétricos adversos na gravidez subsequente, incluindo ruptura de útero, distúrbios relacionados com uma placentação inadequada, tais como pré-eclâmpsia, parto prematuro espontâneo e descolamento prematuro da placenta.

Estrategias de prevención en la salud de la mujer / Strategies for women preventive health

En este capítulo revisaremos cuatro importantes hitos en la salud preventiva de la mujer.Veremos las recomendaciones actuales de manejo del embarazo y atención del parto con los derechos de la mujer y las prácticas médicas recomendadas.Analizaremos los derechos reproductivos de la mujer y el viraje hacia la anticoncepción hormonal. El cáncer cervicouterino sigue siendo una patología prevalente y veremos como los programas de prevención son exitosos y analizaremos la nueva vacuna para virus papiloma. Finalmente revisaremos 2 tópicos de la mujer climatérica: la salud cardiovascular y la salud ósea

In this chapter we review four major milestones in women's preventive health. We will see the current recommendations for management of pregnancy and delivery care to the rights of women and medical practices recommended. Analyze the reproductive rights of women and the shift to hormonal contraception. Cervical cancer remains a prevalent disease and we will see how prevention programs are successful and we should analyze the new papillomavirus vaccines. Finally we will review two topics of climacteric women: cardiovascular health and bone health