Ovarian Dermoid Tumor.

Ovarian dermoid cysts are a common benign tumor. Although there is often a genetic component to this abnormality, this report discusses the case of a patient with an ovarian dermoid tumor with no family history of gynecological cancer. The diagnosis, surgical management, and malignancy of ovarian dermoid cysts are discussed.

Lumbar dermoid cysts: 3 illustrative cases and a total review of the literature of the last two decades / Quistes dermoides lumbares: 3 casos ilustrativos y revisión completa de la literatura en las últimas 2 décadas

Spinal dermoid cysts are relatively infrequent tumors generally associated with a benign course. Here we describe three cases and analyzed the 109 cases of lumbar dermal cysts described in the literature in the last 20 years. We report a pediatric patient with a dermoid cyst posterior to a lumbar surgery for myelomeningocele repair with bad evolution; and two adult patients with the affection of the motor and autonomic function with good surgical outcomes. In approximately half of the reviewed cases, it was reported at least one complication. In fact, two cases had a fatal outcome. We discuss relevant characteristics of these lesions and those aspects probably associated with complications and bad outcomes (AU)

Los quistes dermoides espinales son tumores relativamente infrecuentes, generalmente asociados con un curso benigno. Aquí describimos 3 casos y analizamos los 109 casos de quistes dermoides lumbares descritos en la literatura en los últimos 20 años. Nosotros reportamos un paciente pediátrico quien presentó un quiste dermoide secundario a una cirugía de reparación de mielomeningocele con mala evolución; y 2 pacientes adultos con decremento de la fuerza en las extremidades y afección autonómica con buenos resultados posquirúrgicos. En la revisión de la literatura es destacable que en aproximadamente la mitad de los casos se informó al menos una complicación. Incluso, se reportaron 2 defunciones. Se discuten aquí las características relevantes de estas lesiones y aquellos aspectos probablemente asociados con complicaciones y mala evolució (AU)

Infratentorial abscess secondary to dermal sinus associated with dermoid cyst in children: Review of the literature and report of a rare case.

BACKGROUND: Dermal sinus is usually located at either end of neural tube but most commonly lumbosacral. When occipital, it extends caudally and is mostly localized in the midline position or in the cavity of the fourth ventricle. It could communicate with the skin through a fistula with potential risk of deeper abscesses. Posterior fossa abscess secondary to dermal sinus associated with intracranial dermal cyst is an uncommon pathology. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 24-month-old girl was admitted to our institution with a cutaneous fistula in the midline of the occipital region. Brain imaging showed an infratentorial intradiploic cyst with peripheral enhancement to contrast medium. The mass showed hyperintensity on T1-weighted sequences, with the lower signal on T2-weighted images. A suboccipital craniotomy was performed with evacuation of the abscess and excision of the capsule. Contextually a 3 cm whitish and encapsulated cystic mass with hair component was extracted. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of abscess associated with dermal cyst and dermal sinus. The patient condition improved and 15 days after excision, was discharged. The postoperative MRI showed total removal of the lesion. A 36-month follow-up highlighted no evidence of recurrence. CONCLUSION: Posterior fossa dermoid cyst should be considered in all children with a cutaneous fistula. Early neurosurgical treatment of these benign tumors should be performed to prevent the development of severe intracranial infection. Best results are associated with early diagnosis and complete removal of the abscess. The present work further reviews the few similar cases that have been reported in the literature confirming the need for future research.

Lumbar dermoid cysts: 3 illustrative cases and a total review of the literature of the last two decades.

Spinal dermoid cysts are relatively infrequent tumors generally associated with a benign course. Here we describe three cases and analyzed the 109 cases of lumbar dermal cysts described in the literature in the last 20 years. We report a pediatric patient with a dermoid cyst posterior to a lumbar surgery for myelomeningocele repair with bad evolution; and two adult patients with the affection of the motor and autonomic function with good surgical outcomes. In approximately half of the reviewed cases, it was reported at least one complication. In fact, two cases had a fatal outcome. We discuss relevant characteristics of these lesions and those aspects probably associated with complications and bad outcomes.

Malignant Transformation of a Filum Terminale Dermoid Tumor into Adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Intraspinal dermoid tumors are usually rare benign growths that occur as a result of defects during neural tube formation. They make up less than 1% of tumors in the spine and are associated with spinal dysraphisms or sinus tracts. Although rare, malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma has been previously reported. Malignant transformation into adenocarcinoma, however, represents a novel phenotypic differentiation pattern that is hitherto undescribed. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 45-year-old woman presented with acute symptoms of cauda equina syndrome. Imaging of the spine revealed a large intradural sacral mass. The lesion was surgically resected with pathology revealing a dermoid tumor with malignant transformation into adenocarcinoma. Metastatic workup revealed no other suspicious lesions. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course, gradually regaining micturition control. CONCLUSIONS: Dermoid tumors, also known as benign cystic teratoma or mature teratoma, are usually benign congenital tumors comprising epithelial cells that arise from displaced embryonic ectoderm and mesoderm during neural tube formation. Although extremely rare, malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma has been reported. This case represents the first report of an intraspinal dermoid tumor transforming into adenocarcinoma. A comprehensive histopathologic analysis is key to identifying the lesion and guiding postsurgical management.

Unusual Clinical Presentation and Association of Cranial Dermoid Tumor and Tethered Cord Syndrome.

Tethered cord syndrome (TCS), a neurological disorder characterized by the lower settlement of the conus medullaris, is a congenital spinal disease which is caused by split cord syndrome, meningomyelocele, and spinal tumors. Cranial dermoid tumor (CDT) is a congenital benign tumor which is generally located on the midline of the cranium. Even though TCS is highly associated with spinal dermoid tumor, the relationship of CDT and TCS is unusual. We pre-sent a case with an unusual symptom of CDT, motion-dependent pain, and an uncommon togetherness with TCS.

Infantile Dermoid Cyst in the Lateral Wall of the Cavernous Sinus: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Dermoid tumors originating from the cavernous sinus are typically intradural, and thus, presentation with ophthalmoplegia is uncommon. Infantile dermoid tumors originating from the interdural space of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus are also very rare. We herein present a 4-year-old infantile case of a dermoid cyst that was embedded in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. The patient presented with oculomotor nerve palsy. Magnetic resonance image demonstrated a well-circumscribed oval lesion inside the lateral wall of the left cavernous sinus. The lesion had two solid components that were hyperintense on T1- and T2-weighted images and was associated with a cystic mass that included fluid with the same signal intensity as cerebrospinal fluid. Gross total removal via a frontotemporal approach was performed. The symptoms markedly recovered in the 6-month follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, there have only been two reports of infantile dermoid cysts in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. We herein describe their clinical characteristics with the previous review and introduce surgical tips for the resection.

Surgical Strategy for Dermoid and Epidermoid Tumors of the Posterior Fossa - Experience with 21 Patients

Objective The aim of this paper is to describe our surgical strategy and technique and to identify the best management for posterior fossa dermoid and epidermoid tumors (PFDETs). Methods We retrospectively identified 21 consecutive patients (11 males and 10 females), with a mean age of 33.2 years, a mean follow-up of 6.1 years, and pathologically confirmed PFDETs. Total 17 patients were submitted to the extended retrosigmoid approach. This approach incorporates transverse sigmoid sinus exposure and a generous mastoidectomy. Results Gross total tumor removal was achieved in 16 (76.1%) cases, with no surgical mortality and a recurrence rate of 9.5%. Conclusions The surgical strategies used in this group of patients enabled the total removal of most tumors without surgical mortality and with minimal morbidity and recurrence rates. The extended retrosigmoid approach used is an alternative path regarding cranial base approaches. This approach is quick, simple and safe, and decreases the retraction of the cerebellum.

Objetivos O objetivo deste estudo é descrever a técnica operatória para a melhor abordagem dos tumores dermoides e epidermoides da fossa posterior. Métodos Foram analisados retrospectivamente 21 pacientes (11 masculinos e 10 femininos), com idade média de 33,2 anos e acompanhamento de 6,1 anos, com diagnóstico histopatológico de tumor dermoide ou epidermoide de fossa posterior. Nesse grupo, 17 pacientes foram submetidos a abordagem retrossigmoide estendida. Esta abordagem inclui exposição do seio transverso e sigmoide, além de ampla mastoidectomia. Resultados Remoção cirúrgica total foi alcançada em 16 (76,1%) casos sem mortalidade e com recidiva em 9,5% dos casos. Conclusões As abordagens cirúrgicas utilizadas nesta série permitiram a ressecção total na maioria dos pacientes, sem mortalidade cirúrgica e com morbidade e recorrência mínima. A craniotomia retrossigmoide estendida utilizada é uma boa alternativa para abordagens da base do crânio. É uma abordagem simples, rápida, segura, e que minimiza a retração do cerebelo.

Long standing lumbosacral dermoid tumor and intracranial fat droplet dissemination: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Dermoid tumors are slow growing, benign CNS lesions. CASE DESCRIPTION: This case study concerns a 29-year-old female with a 6-year history of lower extremity paresthesias attributed to magnetic resonance (MR)/computed tomography (CT) documented intradural dermoid tumor that extended from L1 to S1. On MR, it was hypointense on T1, hyperintense on T2, and did not enhance with gadolinium. CT showed hyperdensity at the L1-L2 levels. The craniocervical MR imaging showed small hyperintense foci in the cisternal space favoring "fat dissemination." L1-S2 laminectomy revealed an intradural lesion characterized by "a solid and firm component compatible with fat tissue adherent to the conus medullaris and a solid-soft component within the cauda equina;" there were also "multiple fragments of white-creamy soft tissue with hair." Following tumor resection, the brain CT scan demonstrated fat dissemination within the intraventricular and cisternal space. Histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of a dermoid tumor. CONCLUSION: Dermoid tumors should be considered among the differential diagnosis of intradural lesions in young patients even without any other congenital abnormality.

[Cerebellar abscesses secondary to infection of an occipital dermal sinus]. / Abscesos cerebelosos secundarios a infección de seno dérmico occipital.

A dermal sinus is a congenital defect arising from a closure failure of the neural tube that results in different degrees of communication between the skin and the central nervous system. A dermal sinus can occur anywhere from the root of the nose to the conus medullaris, and the occipital location is the second most common. Dermal sinuses are often found in association with dermoid or epidermoid cysts and less frequently with teratomas. Patients with an occipital dermoid cyst associated with a dermal sinus can develop meningitis and/or abscesses as the first clinical manifestation of the disease due to the dermoid cyst itself becoming abscessed or to the formation of secondary abscesses; few cases of the formation of secondary abscesses have been reported. We present a case of a dermoid cyst associated with an infected dermal sinus and posterior development of cerebellar abscesses and hydrocephalus.

Spontaneous rupture of intracranial dermoid tumor in a patient with vertigo. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings.

BACKGROUND: Congenital dermoid cysts are very rare, constituting less than 1% of intracranial tumors. Spontaneous rupture of dermoid tumor is a potentially serious complication that can lead to meningitis, seizures, cerebral ischemia and hydrocephalus. Occasionally, dermoid tumors are incidentally discovered on computed tomography (CT) of the brain or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following unrelated clinical complaints. They are also discovered during radiologic investigations of unexplained headaches, seizures, and rarely olfactory delusions. CASE REPORT: In this report we describe a patient complaining of vertigo caused by spontaneous rupture of dermoid cyst, preoperatively diagnosed by CT and MRI. Cranial CT revealed a dense fatty lesion adjacent to the posterolateral parasellar region on the left with multiple small, dense fat droplets scattered in the subarachnoid space corresponding to a dermoid cyst rupture. Cranial MRI sections revealed a lesion with mixed-signal-intensity and multiple hyperintense droplets scattered through the cerebellar surface on the left. No enhancement was found on axial T1-weighted MRI after intravenous Gadolinium administration. Diffusion weighted image (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient map studies exhibited explicit restricted diffusion. DISCUSSION: Many studies and literature case reports concerning the rupture of dermoid cyst have been reported. However, multimodal imaging of this rare pathology in the same patient is uncommon. Although dermoid cysts are pathognomonic in appearance on a CT examination, the MRI is also of value in helping to understand the effect of extension and pressure of the mass. DWI is also important for support of the diagnosis and patient follow-up.

Infected dermoid tumor causing tethered cord after myelomeningocele repair.

Intramedulary dermoid tumors are rare tumors mostly found associated with dermal sinus tracts. Spinal dermoid tumor can occur after myelomeningocele repair. Infected dermoid tumors are reported in patients with dermal sinus tracts as well, but have never been reported subsequent to myelomeningocele surgery. Here, we report a rare association of infected dermoid tumor with tethered cord without dermal sinus tract in a child who had been operated for myelomeningocele during infancy.

Clinical characteristics of struma ovarii.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of struma ovarii. METHODS: Twenty-five cases of struma ovarii were reviewed retrospectively from June 1994 to April 2007. The presenting clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of the patients were reviewed. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients in this study was 45.3 years. The majority was of premenopausal status. Sixteen patients had clinical symptoms such as low abdominal pain, palpable abdominal mass and vaginal bleeding. Although one patient had an abnormal thyroid function test, the laboratory findings normalized after operative treatment. CA-125 levels were elevated in 6 cases. Diagnosis by preoperative imaging studies were 8 dermoid cysts, while only 3 cases were diagnosed as struma ovarii. There were 4 cases of malignant struma ovarii, and no patients with recurrent disease. CONCLUSION: Struma ovarii is a rare tumor. The presented clinical, laboratory and radiological findings of patients are very diverse. The diagnosis was confirmed by pathologic findings. The treatment of benign struma ovarii is surgical resection only. The cases of malignant struma ovarii may need adjuvant treatment, but recurrence is uncommon.

Clinical characteristics of struma ovarii / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of struma ovarii. METHODS: Twenty-five cases of struma ovarii were reviewed retrospectively from June 1994 to April 2007. The presenting clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of the patients were reviewed. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients in this study was 45.3 years. The majority was of premenopausal status. Sixteen patients had clinical symptoms such as low abdominal pain, palpable abdominal mass and vaginal bleeding. Although one patient had an abnormal thyroid function test, the laboratory findings normalized after operative treatment. CA-125 levels were elevated in 6 cases. Diagnosis by preoperative imaging studies were 8 dermoid cysts, while only 3 cases were diagnosed as struma ovarii. There were 4 cases of malignant struma ovarii, and no patients with recurrent disease. CONCLUSION: Struma ovarii is a rare tumor. The presented clinical, laboratory and radiological findings of patients are very diverse. The diagnosis was confirmed by pathologic findings. The treatment of benign struma ovarii is surgical resection only. The cases of malignant struma ovarii may need adjuvant treatment, but recurrence is uncommon.