Perfil epidemiológico dos acidentes por material biológico em médicos da atenção primária em Minas Gerais, de 2012 a 2021 / Epidemiological profile of accidents involving biological material among primary health care physicians in Minas Gerais, from 2012 to 2021 / Perfil epidemiológico de accidentes por material biológico en médicos de atención primaria en Minas Gerais, de 2012 a 2021

Introdução: Os acidentes ocupacionais com material biológico representam um problema de saúde pública. A exposição ocupacional dos profissionais da saúde configura-se como um risco de transmissão de diversos patógenos. Na literatura, há carência de estudos que analisem o perfil dos acidentes com material biológico nos médicos da atenção primária. Objetivo: Buscou-se compreender o perfil epidemiológico dos acidentes com material biológico em médicos da atenção primária em Minas Gerais. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico descritivo com análise do perfil dos acidentes com material biológico em médicos da atenção primária em Minas Gerais, utilizando dados secundários. Resultados: No período analisado, foram registrados 111 acidentes com material biológico, dos quais 54% ocorreram somente em 2020 e 2021. A maioria dos casos deu-se em mulheres (59%), e os tipos mais frequentes de exposição foram mucosa (38%) e percutânea (33%). Dos médicos, 23% não possuíam esquema vacinal contra a hepatite B completo. Em média, em 36% dos acidentes os testes sorológicos foram negativos e em 61% não foram realizados ou o campo foi ignorado/deixado em branco. Em apenas 7,2% dos casos a quimioprofilaxia foi indicada, mas ressaltam-se os registros ignorados ou em branco. Mais da metade dos acidentados não emitiu a Comunicação de Acidente de Trabalho (CAT). Conclusões: Os acidentes com material biológico predominam em médicas e nas formas de exposição mucosa e percutânea. Investimentos em medidas de biossegurança e educação permanente são necessários para prevenir casos e estimular sua notificação.

Introduction: Occupational accidents with biological material represent a public health problem. The occupational exposure of health professionals represents a risk of transmission of various pathogens. In the literature, there is a lack of studies that analyze the profile of accidents with biological material among primary health care physicians. Objective: We aimed to understand the epidemiological profile of accidents involving biological material among primary health care physicians in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: Descriptive epidemiological study that analyzed the profile of accidents with biological material among primary health care doctors in Minas Gerais, using secondary data. Results: In the period analyzed, 111 accidents with biological material were recorded, of which 54% occurred only in 2020 and 2021. Most cases occurred in women (59%) and the most frequent types of exposure were mucosal (38%) and percutaneous (33%). About a quarter (23%) of physicians did not have a complete immunization record for hepatitis B. On average, in 36% of accidents serological tests were negative and in 61% they were not performed or the field was ignored/left blank. In only 7.2% of cases, chemoprophylaxis was indicated, but ignored or blank records stood out. More than half of the victims did not fill out a work accident report. Conclusions: Accidents with biological material predominate in female doctors and in forms of mucosal and percutaneous exposure. Investments in biosafety measures and permanent education are necessary to prevent cases and encourage their notification.

Introducción: Los accidentes de trabajo con material biológico representan un problema de salud pública. La exposición ocupacional de los profesionales de la salud representa un riesgo de transmisión de varios patógenos. En la literatura faltan estudios que analicen el perfil de accidentes con material biológico en médicos de atención primaria. Objetivo: Buscamos comprender el perfil epidemiológico de los accidentes con material biológico en médicos de atención primaria en Minas Gerais. Métodos: Estudio epidemiológico descriptivo con análisis del perfil de accidentes con material biológico en médicos de atención primaria en Minas Gerais, utilizando datos secundarios. Resultados: En el período analizado se registraron 111 accidentes con material biológico, de los cuales el 54% ocurrió solo en 2020 y 2021. La mayoría de los casos ocurrieron en mujeres (59%) y los tipos de exposición más frecuentes fueron mucosa (38%) y percutánea (33%). El 23% de los médicos no disponía de un calendario completo de vacunación frente a la hepatitis B. En promedio, en el 36% de los accidentes, las pruebas serológicas fueron negativas y en el 61% no se realizó o se ignoró/dejó el campo en blanco. Solo en el 7,2% de los casos se indicó quimioprofilaxis, pero destacan los registros ignorados o en blanco. Más de la mitad de las víctimas no emitieron el CAT. Conclusiones: Predominan los accidentes con material biológico en médicas y en formas de exposición mucosa y percutánea. Son necesarias inversiones en medidas de bioseguridad y educación permanente para prevenir casos e incentivar su notificación.

Ascertainment and description of pedestrian and bicycling injuries and fatalities in Ontario from administrative health records 2003-2017: contributions of non-collision falls and crashes.

INTRODUCTION: Pedestrian and bicycling injuries may be less likely to be captured by traffic injury surveillance relying on police reports. Non-collision injuries, including pedestrian falls and single bicycle crashes, may be more likely than motor vehicle collisions to be missed. This study uses healthcare records to expand the ascertainment of active transportation injuries and evaluate their demographic and clinical features. METHODS: We identified pedestrian and bicyclist injuries in records of deaths, hospitalisations and emergency department visits in Ontario, Canada, between 2002 and 2017. We described the most common types of clinical injury codes among these records and assessed overall counts and proportions of injury types captured by each ascertainment definition. We also ascertained relevant fall injuries where the location was indicated as 'street or highway'. RESULTS: Pedestrian falls represented over 50% of all pedestrian injuries and affected all age groups, particularly non-fatal falls. Emergency department records indicating in-traffic bicycle injuries not involving a collision with motor vehicles increased from 14% of all bicycling injury records in 2003 to 34% in 2017. The overall number of injuries indicated by these ascertainment methods was substantially higher than official counts derived from police reports. CONCLUSION: The use of healthcare system records to ascertain bicyclist and pedestrian injuries, particularly to include non-collision falls, can more fully capture the burden of injury associated with these transportation modes.

Raising nurse educators' awareness regarding caring pedagogical relationships' barriers to foster inclusive simulation settings: Insights from a phenomenological study.

AIM: The purpose of this paper was to shed light on the main barriers to caring pedagogical relationships within simulation centers from the perspective of nursing students and offer targeted strategies to reduce these barriers. BACKGROUND: A caring pedagogical relationship is a powerful strategy to foster students' learning within simulation settings. However, the development of this relationship could be hindered if nurse educators are not aware of its barriers. Hence, this could affect students' learning and well-being within this academic context. According to our knowledge, no previous research has addressed the question of the barriers to caring pedagogical relationships within the context of simulation. DESIGN: This study employed a descriptive phenomenological method, entitled Relational Caring Inquiry, to collect and analyze data gathered from 19 students enrolled in an undergraduate nursing program. RESULTS: This paper focuses on one eidos-theme that emerged from our data analysis and interpretation entitled "Educator's conscientization regarding barriers to the development of a caring pedagogical relationship". According to data analysis and interpretation, this eidos-theme was the most emphasized by research participants. It emerged from the following themes: (a) educators' dehumanizing practices, (b) disruptive and stressful academic context, (c) lack of educators' experiences and (d) educators' disinterest in students' learning. CONCLUSIONS: Leaving caring pedagogical relationships' barriers unaddressed has shown adverse impacts on students' learning process and their mental and physical well-being. This paper brings to light the main barriers to caring pedagogical relationships and invites educators, managers and nurse leaders to be aware of these obstacles and collectively engage in humanizing nursing education. In other words, we emphasize the impact of these barriers on students' apprenticeship and suggest political actions to build caring and inclusive simulation environments. STUDY REGISTRATION NUMBER: CERSES-19-050-D.

AI as a Medical Device Adverse Event Reporting in Regulatory Databases: Protocol for a Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: The reporting of adverse events (AEs) relating to medical devices is a long-standing area of concern, with suboptimal reporting due to a range of factors including a failure to recognize the association of AEs with medical devices, lack of knowledge of how to report AEs, and a general culture of nonreporting. The introduction of artificial intelligence as a medical device (AIaMD) requires a robust safety monitoring environment that recognizes both generic risks of a medical device and some of the increasingly recognized risks of AIaMD (such as algorithmic bias). There is an urgent need to understand the limitations of current AE reporting systems and explore potential mechanisms for how AEs could be detected, attributed, and reported with a view to improving the early detection of safety signals. OBJECTIVE: The systematic review outlined in this protocol aims to yield insights into the frequency and severity of AEs while characterizing the events using existing regulatory guidance. METHODS: Publicly accessible AE databases will be searched to identify AE reports for AIaMD. Scoping searches have identified 3 regulatory territories for which public access to AE reports is provided: the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. AEs will be included for analysis if an artificial intelligence (AI) medical device is involved. Software as a medical device without AI is not within the scope of this review. Data extraction will be conducted using a data extraction tool designed for this review and will be done independently by AUK and a second reviewer. Descriptive analysis will be conducted to identify the types of AEs being reported, and their frequency, for different types of AIaMD. AEs will be analyzed and characterized according to existing regulatory guidance. RESULTS: Scoping searches are being conducted with screening to begin in April 2024. Data extraction and synthesis will commence in May 2024, with planned completion by August 2024. The review will highlight the types of AEs being reported for different types of AI medical devices and where the gaps are. It is anticipated that there will be particularly low rates of reporting for indirect harms associated with AIaMD. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this will be the first systematic review of 3 different regulatory sources reporting AEs associated with AIaMD. The review will focus on real-world evidence, which brings certain limitations, compounded by the opacity of regulatory databases generally. The review will outline the characteristics and frequency of AEs reported for AIaMD and help regulators and policy makers to continue developing robust safety monitoring processes. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/48156.

Optimization of HS-SPME/GC-MS Method for Determining Volatile Organic Compounds and Sensory Profile in Cocoa Honey from Different Cocoa Varieties (Theobroma cacao L.).

This study aimed to develop an analytical method using HS-SPME/GC-MS to determine the volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles and evaluate the sensory attributes of cocoa honey from four cocoa varieties (CCN51, PS1319, SJ02, and Parazinho). Using a multivariate factorial experimental design, the HS-SPME/GC-MS method was optimized to determine the VOC profiles. Twenty previously trained tasters participated in the ranking descriptive analysis, while 108 consumers participated in the acceptance and purchase intention tests. A total of 84 volatile organic compounds were identified from various chemical classes, including acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, monoterpenes, oxygenated monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenes, and oxygenated sesquiterpenoids. Palmitic acid was the compound found in the highest concentration in all varieties (5.13-13.10%). Multivariate analysis tools identified key compounds for differentiation and grouping of the samples. The results revealed that the variety significantly influenced both the VOCs' concentrations and sensory profiles. The CCN51, PS1319, and SJ02 varieties exhibited the highest diversity of VOCs and sensory attributes. Notably, the SJ02 and CCN51 varieties demonstrated superior acceptability and purchase intention, with means ranging from 7.21 and 7.08 to 3.71 and 3.56, respectively. These results indicate their potential as promising sources of cocoa honey for the food industry.

Development of Promising Interventions to Improve Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in a School-Based Program in Quebec, Canada: Results From a Formative Evaluation Using a Mixed Methods Design.

BACKGROUND: Despite the availability of school-based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs, disparities in vaccine coverage persist. Barriers to HPV vaccine acceptance and uptake include parental attitudes, knowledge, beliefs, and system-level barriers. A total of 3 interventions were developed to address these barriers: an in-person presentation by school nurses, an email reminder with a web-based information and decision aid tool, and a telephone reminder using motivational interviewing (MI) techniques. OBJECTIVE: Here we report on the development and formative evaluation of interventions to improve HPV vaccine acceptance and uptake among grade 4 students' parents in Quebec, Canada. METHODS: In the summer of 2019, we conducted a formative evaluation of the interventions to assess the interventions' relevance, content, and format and to identify any unmet needs. We conducted 3 focus group discussions with parents of grade 3 students and nurses. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for thematic content using NVivo software (Lumivero). Nurses received training on MI techniques and we evaluated the effect on nurses' knowledge and skills using a pre-post questionnaire. Descriptive quantitative analyses were carried out on data from questionnaires relating to the training. Comparisons were made using the proportions of the results. Finally, we developed a patient decision aid using an iterative, user-centered design process. The iterative refinement process involved feedback from parents, nurses, and experts to ensure the tool's relevance and effectiveness. The evaluation protocol and data collection tools were approved by the CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de Québec Research Ethics Committee (MP-20-2019-4655, May 16, 2019). RESULTS: The data collection was conducted from April 2019 to March 2021. Following feedback (n=28) from the 3 focus group discussions in June 2019, several changes were made to the in-person presentation intervention. Experts (n=27) and school nurses (n=29) recruited for the project appreciated the visual and simplified information on vaccination in it. The results of the MI training for school nurses conducted in August 2019 demonstrated an increase in the skills and knowledge of nurses (n=29). School nurses who took the web-based course (n=24) filled out a pretest and posttest questionnaire to evaluate their learning. The rating increased by 19% between the pretest and posttest questionnaires. Several changes were made between the first draft of the web-based decision-aid tool and the final version during the summer of 2019 after an expert consultation of experts (n=3), focus group participants (n=28), and parents in the iterative process (n=5). More information about HPV and vaccines was added, and users could click if more detail is desired. CONCLUSIONS: We developed and pilot-tested 3 interventions using an iterative process. The interventions were perceived as potentially effective to increase parents' knowledge and positive attitudes toward HPV vaccination, and ultimately, vaccine acceptance. Future research will assess the effectiveness of these interventions on a larger scale.

Navigating concussion - community rugby players' experiences of a concussion management initiative in New Zealand.

OBJECTIVE: Concussion is a serious concern in sport, with the potential to cause short- and long-term health consequences. These concerns highlight the need for the translation of concussion management guidelines into use in real-world sports settings. This qualitative study explores community rugby players' concussion experiences as part of New Zealand Rugby's concussion management pathway. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 36 rugby players (35 males and 1 female; 22 played at school and 14 at club-level; mean age 19.8 ± 4.8) Thematic analysis was utilized to analyze data. RESULTS: Four themes were identified i) the symptom journey, ii) the role of a dedicated concussion management pathway in shaping players' experiences, iii) the influence of coaches and physiotherapists, and iv) rugby culture. Support received as part of the concussion management pathway, and from individuals who were part of players' concussion journey, deeply impacted their overall experience. However, players identified insufficient guidance while returning to school/work. At times, the sport's collective cultural values made it difficult for players to enact positive concussion management behavior. CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the importance of a defined management pathway to support players' recovery. Addressing negative aspects of rugby's collectivist culture remains critical for optimal concussion management and recovery.

Predicting Food Waste Avoidance: Analysis of an Extended Model of the Theory of Planned Behavior and of Relevant Beliefs.

This research adopted the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to predict intention and behavior to avoid food waste. In a pilot study, behavioral, normative, and control beliefs were identified. In the main study, a TPB model extended with descriptive and moral norms was assessed using a two-wave design and applying SEM. The associations between beliefs and TPB constructs were analyzed by MIMIC models. Attitude, descriptive and moral norms, and perceived behavioral control were associated with intention to avoid food waste, which predicted behavior. Considering the most important beliefs in forming intentions has important implications for designing food waste prevention interventions.

Patterns of Prescription Medication Use Before Diagnosis of Early Age-Onset Colorectal Cancer: Population-Based Descriptive Study.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is estimated to be the fourth most common cancer diagnosis in Canada (except for nonmelanoma skin cancers) and the second and third leading cause of cancer-related death in male and female individuals, respectively. OBJECTIVE: The rising incidence of early age-onset colorectal cancer (EAO-CRC; diagnosis at less than 50 years) calls for a better understanding of patients' pathway to diagnosis. Therefore, we evaluated patterns of prescription medication use before EAO-CRC diagnosis. METHODS: We used linked administrative health databases in British Columbia (BC), Canada, to identify individuals diagnosed with EAO-CRC between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2016 (hereinafter referred to as "cases"), along with cancer-free controls (1:10), matched by age and sex. We identified all prescriptions dispensed from community pharmacies during the year prior to diagnosis and used the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification system Level 3 to group prescriptions according to the drug class. A parallel assessment was conducted for individuals diagnosed with average age-onset CRC (diagnosis at age 50 years and older). RESULTS: We included 1001 EAO-CRC cases (n=450, 45% female participants; mean 41.0, SD 6.1 years), and 12,989 prescriptions were filled in the year before diagnosis by 797 (79.7%) individuals. Top-filled drugs were antidepressants (first; n=1698, 13.1%). Drugs for peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease (third; n=795, 6.1%) were more likely filled by EAO-CRC cases than controls (odds ratio [OR] 1.4, 95% CI 1.2-1.7) and with more frequent fills (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.7-1.9). We noted similar patterns for topical agents for hemorrhoids and anal fissures, which were more likely filled by EAO-CRC cases than controls (OR 7.4, 95% CI 5.8-9.4) and with more frequent fills (OR 15.6, 95% CI 13.1-18.6). CONCLUSIONS: We observed frequent prescription medication use in the year before diagnosis of EAO-CRC, including for drugs to treat commonly reported symptoms of EAO-CRC.

Effectiveness and context dependency of social norm interventions: five field experiments on nudging pro-environmental and pro-social behavior.

Social norm interventions hold the potential to change people's behavior. Five field experiments (N = 1,163) examined the effects of a simple and easily realizable social norm nudge based on the social media format "Be like Bill." The nudge consisted of a stick figure named Toni that communicated descriptive and injunctive norms regarding pro-environmental or pro-social behaviors. Nudge conditions were compared to no-intervention control conditions. Experiment 1 (N = 179) focused on paper towel consumption in a women's restroom at a German university. The nudge condition used less paper towels than the control condition, d = 0.48. Experiment 2 (N = 183) replicated this result (d = 0.32) in a more diverse setting of a women's restroom at a German Christmas market. Experiment 3 (N = 250) examined differences in the effects of prescriptive (i.e., 'do-norm') versus proscriptive (i.e., 'do not-norm') social norms on paper towel consumption again in a university women's restroom. The effectiveness of both social norm nudge conditions was shown in comparison to the control condition (d = 0.46; d = 0.40), while the prescriptive and proscriptive social norm manipulations did not differ. Experiment 4 (N = 206) applied the nudging approach to the use of plastic lids in a coffee shop, where no effect was found. Finally, Experiment 5 (N = 345) focused on the pro-social behavior of mask wearing in a bakery toward the end of the Covid-19 pandemic restrictions in Germany. In the nudge condition, more visitors put on face masks compared to the control group, d = 0.39. Limitations and contextual factors regarding the applicability of our social norm nudge are discussed.

Using Flashcards and Descriptive Feedback to Teach Industrial Kitchen Equipment to a Student with Intellectual Disabilities in a Postsecondary Education Program.

With postsecondary education opportunities for adult students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) on the rise, it is important to find socially validated research-based methods that are appropriate for the university or other community-based postsecondary instructional settings. The present research examines the effects of using flashcards with descriptive feedback and opportunities to respond, to teach one student with intellectual disabilities, enrolled in a postsecondary education-training program, commonly used industrial kitchen equipment. Results showed that discrete trail instruction, which included an error correction strategy of descriptive feedback plus opportunities to correctly respond was highly effective in mastery and maintenance of kitchen equipment identification, and generalization when asked to locate those items in the university kitchen lab.

What Are the Sensory Attributes Associated with Consumer Acceptance of Yellow Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus citrinopileatus)?

The oyster mushroom is cultivated globally, renowned for its unique texture and umami flavor, as well as its rich content of nutrients and functional ingredients. This study aims to identify the descriptive sensory characteristics, assess the consumer acceptability of new superior lines and cultivars of yellow oyster mushrooms, in addition to exploring the relationship between these descriptive characteristics and consumer acceptability. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares regression (PLSR). Twenty attributes were delineated, including three related to appearance/color (gray, yellow, and white), four associated with the smell/odor of fresh mushroom (oyster mushroom, woody, fishy, and seafood smells), three pertaining to the smell/odor of cooked mushrooms (mushroom, umami, and savory smells), four describing flavor/taste (sweet, salty, umami, and savory tastes), and five for texture/mouthfeel (chewy, smooth, hard, squishy, and slippery textures). Consumer acceptability tests involved 100 consumers who evaluated overall liking, appearance, overall taste, sweetness, texture, savory taste, MSG taste, smell, color, purchase intention, and recommendation. The general oyster mushroom (548 samples) scored highest in acceptability. Seven attributes, namely fresh mushroom smell, seafood smell (fresh), fishy smell (fresh), umami smell (cooked), nutty smell (cooked), salty taste, and MSG taste with the exception of appearance showed significant differences among samples (p < 0.001). The three yellow oyster mushroom samples were strongly associated with attributes like hardness, softness (texture), sweet taste (745 samples), MSG taste, salty taste, squishy texture, and fishy smell (483 and 629 samples). The development of sensory lexicons and increasing consumer acceptance of new superior lines and cultivars of yellow oyster mushroom will likely enhance sensory quality and expand the consumer market, aligning with consumer needs and preferences.

The experience of mutual support during hospitalization of co-morbid couples with recurrent older stroke survivors - A descriptive phenomenological study.

The phenomenon of the experiences of mutual support of co-morbid couples of recurrent older stroke survivors during hospitalization is receiving increased interest from nursing scholars. However, little is known about how they support each other. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of co-morbid couples of older stroke survivors with recurrent stroke who support each other during hospitalization. A descriptive phenomenology study was employed. 21 co-morbid couples with recurrent older stroke survivors were recruited. The interviews were analyzed with Colaizzi's descriptive analysis framework. Three themes emerged from the data analysis: (1) maintaining the couple's relationship through mutual support, (2) mutual support so as not to drag the children down, and (3) providing support while struggling between ideals and reality. It is crucial to provide them with individualized, tailored support and interventions that can help these couples achieve a more optimal balance in their mutual support.

Challenges and coping strategies when caring for terminally ill persons with cancer: perspectives of family caregivers.

INTRODUCTION: Terminal illness is an irreversible illness that, without life-sustaining procedures, usually results in death or permanent disability from which recovery is unlikely. When involved, family caregivers are believed to improve health outcomes, such as reduced hospitalization, and establishing a patient's initial access to professional treatment services. However, caring for a patient with a terminal illness is viewed as one of the most difficult aspects of providing care. This study aimed to identify the challenges, and coping strategies developed by family caregivers to cope with the care of the terminally ill person. METHODS: An exploratory descriptive qualitative approach was used. Twenty (20) family caregivers voluntarily participated in the study from the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants. The transcribed interviews were then analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: From the analysis, three main themes emerged: challenges, coping strategies, and social support. These themes encompassed sixteen subthemes including financial burden, bad health conditions, faith and prayer, and support from health professionals. From the study, both male and female family caregivers narrated that providing care for sick relatives undergoing terminal disease is characterized as a daily duty demanding one's time and fraught with emotional strain. In addition, even though it was a difficult job, family members who provided care for ailing relatives never gave up, citing responsibility, the importance of family, and religious beliefs as the primary motivations for doing so. CONCLUSION: The difficulties and demands of family caregiving roles for terminally ill relatives are complex and multifactorial. The findings call for multidisciplinary professional attention for family caregivers and policies that will support their lives holistically.

The ideal gluteal contouring in Thai-transwomen: cross-sectional descriptive study.

Background: Gluteal contouring is one of the major concerns of transwomen worldwide. Hip and gluteal surgery, as one type of gender-affirmation surgery (GAS), is now increasing in popularity to alleviate gender incongruence. This study investigated the ideal buttock shape in the Thai-transwomen population, which can further aid in the guidance for hip and gluteal surgery. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done on transwomen attending services at Tangerine Community Health Center, the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Clinic in Chulalongkorn Hospital, and Gender Health Community from 2022 to 2023. Participants were inquired about their ideal gluteal contouring using survey images of gluteal contouring of varying proportions and gluteal shapes on posterior and lateral views. Results: Among 373 participants, the most preferred waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in the posterior view and lateral view were 0.65 and 0.70, respectively. Regarding gluteal convexity, many participants preferred round shape buttocks the most (47.45%), followed by the A-shape (43.97%), square shape (7.77%) and, V-shape (0.80%). In the gluteal projection aspect, the most attractive type was the middle buttock type which data were congruence among each subgroup population. Conclusions: The image of a narrowing waist proportionated with a widening hip on the posterior view, with the WHR of 0.65, could be considered an ideal perception of beauty in transwomen. It could help the patient in decision-making and guiding the surgical planning.

Zinc Supplementation Improves Texture, Oxidative Stability of Caciotta Cheese and Reduces Biogenic Amines Production.

Zinc is essential for animals, playing a vital role in enzyme systems and various biochemical reactions. It is crucial to ensure a sufficient intake of zinc through the diet to maintain efficient homeostasis. Only few studies on zinc effect in cow lactating diet evaluated the effects on milk and cheese quality, with conflicting findings. 24 cows of the Friesian breed were divided into two groups (CTR: control and TRT: treated group). Cows were selected for age, body weight, parity and phase of lactations (mid lactation, 140-160 days). CTR diet contained 38 mg/kg of Zn and TRT diet was supplied with 120 mg/kg of complete feed for 60 days. The objective of current investigation was to evaluate the impact of a dietary Zinc Oxide (ZnO) integration of lactating Friesian cows on chemical composition, zinc content, fatty acid and proteic profile, ammine content, pH, aw, texture, and sensory profile of cheese and to improve the chemical-nutritional quality of milk and cheese. The results showed that ZnO supplementation reduced mesophilic aerobic bacteria and Presumptive Pseudomonas spp. growth, proteolysis, biogenic amines content, lipid oxidation, odour intensity and sour and increased hardness, gumminess, chewiness, elasticity of cheese. Biogenic amines are considered an important aspect of food safety. ZnO integration in cow diet could represent a promising strategy for improving the quality, the safety and shelf-life of caciotta cheese.

Misperception of Norms About Intimate Partner Violence as a Driver of Personal IPV Attitudes and Perpetration: A Population-Based Study of Men in Rural Uganda.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a global public health problem. Conceptual frameworks suggest misperceived norms around IPV might drive perpetration of violence against women in southern and eastern Africa. We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based survey of all men residing in a rural parish in southwest Uganda, eliciting their endorsement of IPV in five hypothetical scenarios and their reported frequency of perpetration of violence against their wife/main partner. They also reported their perceptions about the extent to which most other men in their villages endorsed and/or perpetrated IPV, which we compared against the population data to measure the primary explanatory variable of interest: whether individuals misperceived norms around IPV. We fitted multivariable Poisson regression models specifying personal IPV endorsement and IPV perpetration as the outcomes. Overall, 765 men participated in the study (90% response rate): 182 (24%) personally endorsed IPV, and 78 of 456 partnered men (17%) reported perpetrating one or more acts of IPV at least once per month. Although most men neither endorsed nor reported perpetrating IPV, 342 (45%) men mistakenly thought that most other men in their villages endorsed IPV and 365 (48%) men mistakenly thought that most other men perpetrate IPV at least monthly. In multivariable regression models, men who misperceived most men to endorse IPV were more likely to endorse IPV themselves (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 2.44; 95% CI [1.66, 3.59]; p < .001). Among partnered men, those who misperceived IPV perpetration to be normative were more likely to perpetrate IPV themselves (aRR = 4.38; [2.53, 7.59]; p < .001). Interventions to correct misperceived norms about IPV may be a promising method for reducing violence against women in rural Uganda.

Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV service interruptions amid COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND:  The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused global disruptions in healthcare service delivery. The prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) services were also interrupted, threatening the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal 3. This article describes the PMTCT service interruptions experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tshwane healthcare facilities. METHODS:  A descriptive phenomenological design was used to explore and describe the experiences of healthcare providers offering PMTCT services during COVID-19 in the Tshwane district, Gauteng province. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 16 participants, and Colaizzi's data analysis steps were followed in analysing the findings. RESULTS:  Participants reported interruptions in PMTCT service delivery during the pandemic. Non-adherence to scheduled visits resulted in patients defaulting or not adhering to treatment regimens, high viral loads and mother-infant pairs' loss to follow-up. Other features of service disruption included late antenatal bookings, low client flow and delays in conducting deoxyribonucleic acid-polymerase chain reaction (DNA-PCR) testing in HIV-exposed babies. In addition, staff shortages occurred because of re-assignments to COVID-19-related activities. Study participants were psychologically affected by the fear of contracting COVID-19 and worked in a frustrating and stressful environment. CONCLUSION:  Improved community-based follow-up services are critical to enhance PMTCT service outcomes and prevent infant HIV infections.Contribution: The findings may influence policymakers in developing strategies to curb HIV infections among mothers and children during pandemics.

Epidemiological analysis of fatal and non-fatal firearm injuries occurring in gun establishments in the United States, 2015-2022.

BACKGROUND: Firearm-related injury represents a significant public health problem in the USA. Firearm purchasing has risen nationwide and there has been increased efforts to deploy injury prevention initiatives within gun establishments. However, firearm-related risks and harms that may occur inside these high-exposure settings are not well characterized. METHODS: This secondary analysis leveraged Gun Violence Archive data to quantify firearm injury prevalence rates within different types of gun establishments from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2022. Data were restricted to incidents that occurred in gun ranges, gun shops, and public and private ranges. The following incident characteristics were available in the individual-level data: date, location, injury count, fatality count, victim demographics (age, sex), shooting intent (suicide/self-inflicted, assault/homicide, unintentional, undetermined) and establishment type. RESULTS: Over 7 years, 445 non-fatal and 183 fatal shooting events occurred across 576 unique establishments. Non-fatal, unintentional injuries predominated in stand-alone firing ranges whereas fatal, self-inflicted injuries concentrated in retail shops with accompanying firing ranges. Firearm-related assaults were prevalent among stand-alone retail shops. CONCLUSION: Overall, this secondary analysis underscores that the prevalence of firearm injury in gun establishments across the USA is low, and these settings should continue to be studied as important contexts for intervention. Interweaving public health interventions into gun establishments presents an opportunity to potentially reduce associated harms to consumers interacting within these environments.