Transformations at the Dawn of Verbal Language.

In this essay the author describes some of the transformations that occur as one moves from preverbal functioning to verbally symbolic language. In preverbal experience, there is a direct connection between the sign and what is signified. An infant or child signifies displeasure by throwing his food or other objects to the floor. Much of the emotional tie between mother and infant and patient and analyst is communicated in this way. When a transformation occurs from preverbal to verbally symbolic language, as occurs in early development and as one interprets a dream, meaning is not merely translated, meaning is created. On acquiring verbally symbolic language, a "space" mediated by an interpreting subject opens between the symbol (for instance, the word guilt) and the symbolized (the experience of guilt) and a new subjectivity is created. On entry into verbally symbolic language, one becomes able to experience oneself in a qualitatively different way; one becomes both subject and object, I and me; one becomes able to experience a far broader range of feelings and types of thinking. Helen Keller's account of her experience of acquiring verbally symbolic language is drawn upon.

Setting the Theater for Creativity: Proposal for Integrating Temporal and Spatial Artificial Mnemonics as a Qualitative Artificial Development of the Autobiographical Naturalistic Mnemonics (AM).

Mnemonics are not only tools that empower memory but also have a significant role in qualitatively transforming mental functions and, hence, consciousness in general. A specific type of mnemonics is autobiographical mnemonics (AM) constructed of spatial, temporal, and semantic dimensions used in a naturalist form by individuals about their own experiences. This paper proposes a spatial-temporal mnemonic that transforms AM from a naturalist level into an artificial one. We consider allowing the intellect and consciousness to grasp the abstract flow of time in the global context of geography will contribute to setting the stage for creativity. By explicitly representing the abstract time-space theater, the intellect (the world view) is more able to reflect the abstract laws of reality (the world), hence, to make the intellect sphere objectively equipped to externalize the emerged meanings (the internalized reality) that reflect the internal content of experience and, hence, make sense of them as a crucial function in creative activity. The paper is a theoretical and methodological step for the empirical part of the proposal when the mnemonic should be used as a training tool to empower creativity factors.

The intensification of parenting and generational fracturing of spontaneous physical activity from childhood play in the United Kingdom.

Despite an increased drive over the past two decades in Western societies to promote children's physically active play to improve their health, there are concerns that childhood has become less physically active. There are also fears that a previously naturally occurring aspect of childhood has become less authentically playful. Both trends highlight changes over time in the amount and type of play practiced by children and are often cited as consequences of generational shifts. Yet, research which analytically employs the concept of generation to connect changes to childhood with relevant social transformations is lacking. Inspired by Mannheim's conceptualisation of generations, this paper draws on life history interviews with 28 United Kingdom residents born between 1950 and 1994 to propose a fracturing of naturally occurring physical activity from childhood play. As shifts in childhood and parenting have become inextricably linked, this argument illustrates the impact of an intensification to parenting upon greater parental surveillance of increasingly organised forms of childhood physical activity at the expense of spontaneous play. Future physical activity policy should be sensitive to the social climate in which recommendations for children are made, as this places expectations upon parents due to how childhood is currently understood within neoliberal contexts.

Test-Retest Reliability of a Protocol for Assessment of Local Tissue Water in the Head and Neck Area.

Background: Lymphedema measurement is vital to select appropriate treatment and monitor its progress. Quantifying lymphedema in the head and neck area is challenging. The use of tissue dielectric constant (TDC) measurements has shown promising results in other body areas. This study aims to determine the test-retest reliability of a TDC measurement protocol developed for the head and neck area. Methods and Results: A detailed measurement protocol, including eight measurement points per side, was developed. Subsequently, the reliability of the protocol was tested in a sample of healthy participants (n = 50, 28 males). Using the LymphScanner (Delfin, Finland), participants were subjected to two measurement sessions. Each measurement point was measured three times per session. Test-retest reliability for each point was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and standard errors of measurement (SEMs). Using the average of three measurements, reliability was good to excellent for all points (ICCs 0.81-0.95), with small measurement errors (SEMs 1.51-2.86). The reliability of a single measurement was moderate to excellent for all measurement points (ICCs 0.58-0.87), with larger, but still small, measurement errors (SEMs 1.65-3.39). When using single measurements, the lowest ICCs were found for the temporal (left 0.73 and right 0.67) and submandibular (left 0.58 and right 0.77) locations. Conclusion: Measurements with the LymphScanner, taken according to the developed protocol, are reliable in healthy participants. We recommend using the average of three measurements to optimize reliability. The protocol is fit for further testing in patient populations and for determining normal values in a larger scale study with healthy subjects.

The Basis of the Adoption of Borrowed Letters in the Kazakh Alphabet.

It is known that the words with the letters "f" and "x" used in the Kazakh language originated from Arabic and Persian and are found in European words that entered through the Russian language. Of the article is to discuss the basics of translating the letters "f" and "x" into the Kazakh alphabet. The use of religious and European words in normative dictionaries, with the letters "f" and "x" and entered into the language through the Russian language, is analysed on the basis of the methods of linguistics and statistical analysis. The specifics of these letters in religious discourse and their use in onomastics will be determined. The reasons for the inclusion of the letters "f" and "x" in the improved new alphabet are mentioned. Investigating how the Kazakh language adopts and modifies foreign sounds can contribute to a broader understanding of linguistic adaptation. The proposed research paper can be used in the analysis of the problem of assimilation of borrowed words.

Being and the Philosopher's Object in Plato's Sophist.

In the Sophist, Plato claims that the philosopher is always engaged through reasonings with the idea tou ontos (254a4-b1). I argue that, contrary to appearances and to what various commentators believe, this phrase does not refer to the Kind Being singled out in the Sophist as one of the so-called 'greatest' or 'most important' Kinds, but to the whole intelligible realm. The proposed reading better accounts for Plato's exact wording at Sophist 254a4-b1 and preserves the consistency of Plato's view on the object of philosophical knowledge. I conclude with some broader considerations on the relationship between this passage, Platonic dialectic and Aristotle's conception of a science of being qua being.

The Subject of the Dialectic: Some Consequences of Freud's Bisexuality Thesis.

On the basis of a previous reading (Olver, 2023) of Freud's work that reveals a bisexuality thesis, the author discusses several interrelated consequences of this thesis, including the nature of desire and primal unity, a restatement of shame, the semiotic model, and the emergence of society and the economy with reference to the ego and the superego. These consequences together encapsulate and describe the dialectic of the subject. The author shows how dialectic movement is arrested by various acts of nomination, most notably the nomination of heterosexuality in the forms of sexual reproduction and financial profit that become social and economic master values in modernity. Only by keeping the dialectic open can the subject do justice to its inherent and revolutionary bisexual nature, not in the sense of transgression but rather in pursuit of the nonnomination that is the permanent becoming of a dialectic self.

Dialectical behavior therapy-skills system for cognitively challenged individuals with self-harm: a Swedish pilot study.

Background: Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is an evidence-based treatment for self-harm and emotion regulation difficulties. A modified version, DBT-Skills System (DBT-SS), has been developed in the USA for individuals with cognitive difficulties. The present study is a pilot study, testing the DBT-SS in a Swedish context. Methods: Six participants were treated with individual therapy and group skills training for 48 sessions each. A case series design was used to follow individual development over time. The primary outcome measure was reduction in challenging behaviors. Secondary outcomes were level of functioning in daily life, hospital admissions, and resilience and vulnerabilities in different risk domains. Data was analyzed using time-series diagrams. Effect sizes of changes were calculated using Cohen's d. Results: Challenging behaviors decreased over time and participants' global level of functioning increased. There was a reduction in number of hospital admissions over time. As for resilience and vulnerabilities, participants' overall level of risk in various areas remained unchanged or decreased after treatment. Conclusions: The results indicate that DBT-SS might be a promising treatment for cognitively challenged individuals with emotion regulation difficulties and challenging behaviors in a Swedish context. The study provides suggestions for a future randomized controlled trial. Supplemental data for this article is available online at here.

Biomimetics with Trade-Offs.

Our knowledge of physics and chemistry is relatively well defined. Results from that knowledge are predictable as, largely, are those of their technical offspring such as electrical, chemical, mechanical and civil engineering. By contrast, biology is relatively unconstrained and unpredictable. A factor common to all areas is the trade-off, which provides a means of defining and quantifying a problem and, ideally, its solution. In order to understand the anatomy of the trade-off and how to handle it, its development (as the dialectic) is tracked from Hegel and Marx to its implementation as dialectical materialism in Russian philosophy and TRIZ, the Theory of Invention. With the ready availability of mathematical techniques, such as multi-objective analysis and the Pareto set, the trade-off is well-adapted to bridging the gaps between the quantified and the unquantifiable, allowing modelling and the transfer of concepts by analogy. It is thus an ideal tool for biomimetics. An intracranial endoscope can be derived with little change from the egg-laying tube of a wood wasp. More complex transfers become available as the technique is developed. Most important, as more trade-offs are analyzed, their results are stored to be used again in the solution of problems. There is no other system in biomimetics which can do this.

O feminino na fantasia: entre a dialética do desejo em Lacan e a fantasia social em Zizek / The feminine in fantasy: between the dialectic of desire in Lacan and social fantasy in Zizek / Lo femenino en la fantasía: entre la dialéctica del deseo en Lacan y la fantasía social en Zizek

Partindo do perceptível conflito entre as determinações fantasísticas do social, referentes ao feminino e o desejo da mulher enquanto sujeito, que chega à clínica materializado em um profundo sofrimento psíquico do qual ela parece incapaz de atravessar, questionamos: quais seriam os elementos da cena social atramados na fantasia social que apontam para o que consideramos representações do feminino? Assim, objetivamos articular o grafo do desejo em Lacan com a noção de fantasia social em Zizek para tentar responder o que haveria de feminino na fantasia, ou seja, como a dialética do desejo e a noção de fantasia social podem ajudar a compreender as construções fantasísticas do feminino. Para tanto, lançamos mão de uma investigação teórica com enfoque no texto lacaniano Subversão do sujeito e dialética do desejo no inconsciente freudiano (1960) e no texto de Slavoj Zizek Eles não sabem o que fazem - o sublime objeto da ideologia (1992), sem desconsiderar, contudo, comentadores de ambos os teóricos mencionados. Nessa perspectiva, este estudo desenvolveu a articulação dos conceitos - fantasia, desejo, feminino e fantasia social - procurando se organizar a partir de três questões: 1) De que forma as elaborações de Zizek sobre ideologia como fantasia social auxilia a compreender a dialética do desejo em Lacan?; 2) De que forma o desejo do Outro, enquanto social, resta na fantasia do sujeito, de modo a responder pela articulação fundamental entre a demanda e o desejo?; 3) Sob qual razão os elementos conjunturais são tomados na perspectiva estrutural que compõe o que entendemos por feminino na fantasia? Tomando por base a assertiva de que a sociedade não existe por si mesma, o feminino na fantasia poderia sustentar a própria fantasia de uma ordem social, ao cumprir a função de tamponar os hiatos deixados pela dissimetria entre o sujeito e o social.

Starting from the perceptible conflict between the fantastical determinations of the social referring to the feminine and the woman's desire as a subject who arrives at the clinic materialized in a deep psychic suffering that she seems unable to go through, we question: what would be the elements of the social scene strung in fantasy that point to what we consider representations of the feminine? Thus, we aim to articulate the graph of desire in Lacan with the notion of social fantasy in Zizek to try to answer what would be feminine in fantasy, that is, how the dialectic of desire and the notion of social fantasy can help us to understand the constructions feminine fantasies. For that, we make use of a theoretical investigation focusing on the Lacanian text Subversion of the subject and the dialectic of desire in the Freudian unconscious (1960) and on the text of Slavoj Zizek They do not know what they do - the sublime object of ideology (1992), without disregard, however, commentators of both theorists mentioned. In this perspective, this study developed the articulation of the concepts - fantasy, desire, feminine and social fantasy - seeking to organize itself from three questions: 1) How do Zizek's elaborations on ideology as social fantasy help us to understand the dialectic of the desire in Lacan?; 2) How does the Other's desire, as a social one, remain in the subject's fantasy, in order to respond to the fundamental articulation between demand and desire?; 3) Under what reason are the conjunctural elements taken in the structural perspective that compose what we understand by feminine in fantasy? Based on the assertion that society does not exist by itself, the feminine in fantasy could sustain the fantasy of a social order, by fulfilling the function of plugging the holes left by the dissymmetry between the subject and the social.

Partiendo del perceptible conflicto entre las determinaciones fantásticas de lo social referente a lo femenino y el deseo de la mujer como sujeto que llega a la clínica materializado en un profundo sufrimiento psíquico que parece incapaz de atravesar, nos cuestionamos: ¿cuáles serían los elementos de la escena social ensartadas en la fantasía que apuntan a lo que consideramos representaciones de lo femenino? Así, pretendemos articular el grafo del deseo en Lacan con la noción de fantasía social en Zizek para tratar de responder qué sería femenino en la fantasía, es decir, cómo la dialéctica del deseo y la noción de fantasía social pueden ayudarnos a comprender las construcciones fantasías femeninas. Para ello, nos valemos de una investigación teórica centrada en el texto lacaniano Subversión del sujeto y la dialéctica del deseo en el inconsciente freudiano (1960) y en el texto de Slavoj Zizek No saben lo que hacen - el objeto sublime de la ideología (1992), sin menospreciar, sin embargo, los comentadores de ambos teóricos mencionados. En esta perspectiva, este estudio desarrolló la articulación de los conceptos - fantasía, deseo, femenino y fantasía social- buscando organizarse a partir de tres interrogantes: 1) ¿De qué manera las elaboraciones de Zizek sobre la ideología como fantasía social nos ayudan a comprender la dialéctica del deseo? en Lacan?; 2) ¿Cómo el deseo del Otro, como social, permanece en la fantasía del sujeto, para responder a la articulación fundamental entre demanda y deseo?; 3) ¿Bajo qué razón se toman los elementos coyunturales en la perspectiva estructural que componen lo que entendemos por femenino en la fantasía? Partiendo de la afirmación de que la sociedad no existe por sí mismo, lo femenino en la fantasía podría sustentar la fantasía de un orden social, cumpliendo la función de tapar los agujeros dejados por la disimetría entre el sujeto y lo social.

Practical way to apply fourth-generation assessment tools integrated into creating meaningful learning experiences in biology at high school.

The learning process for a Biology topic regarding organisms and animal kingdom diversity was investigated through an innovative Interactive Didactic Sequence (IDS) which integrated the idea of "concept maps" with the Hermeneutic-Dialectic Circle (HDC). HDC is a tool for data collection and a reference for pluralist-constructivist thinking, considered a form of fourth-generation evaluation. Hofstede's cultural dimensions were also integrated into the investigation in order to facilitate mediation in an evaluative context. Students' performances (N = 25) from a São Paulo-Brazil public school were statistically evaluated. Their cultural profile was determined via the Hofstede Value Survey Model 1994 questionnaire. The elaborative process of arranging concept maps was individual (CM-individual) and integrated with HDC in groups (CM-HDC). Concept map assessment methods were based off existing literature. An improvement in students' performances (p < 0.05) that presented concept maps integrated to HDC in a more complex structure when compared to individually-built maps was observed. Employment of HDC helped form motivational/interactive dialogues between students and teachers, which, in turn, assisted in achieving greater learning through the use of concept maps. The application of the fourth-generation evaluation was improved via knowledge regarding students' cultural profiles.

Scales for assessing therapeutic adherence and competence in dialectical behaviour therapy for PTSD: development and analysis of psychometric properties.

Background: The assessment of therapeutic adherence and competence is essential to understand mechanisms that contribute to treatment outcome. Nevertheless, their assessment is often neglected in psychotherapy research. Aims/Objective: To develop an adherence and a treatment-specific competence rating scale for Dialectical Behaviour Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (DBT-PTSD), and to examine their psychometric properties. Global cognitive behavioural therapeutic competence and disorder-specific therapeutic competence were assessed using already existing scales to confirm their psychometric properties in our sample of patients with PTSD and emotion regulation difficulties. Method: Two rating scales were developed using an inductive procedure. 155 videotaped therapy sessions from a multicenter randomised controlled trial were rated by trained raters using these scales, 40 randomly chosen videotapes involving eleven therapists and fourteen patients were doubly rated by two raters. Results: Both the adherence scale (Patient-level ICC = .98; αs = .65; α p = .75) and the treatment-specific competence scale (Patient-level ICC = .98; αs = .78; α p = .82) for DBT-PTSD showed excellent interrater - and good reliability on the patient level. Content validity, including relevance and appropriateness of all items, was confirmed by experts in DBT-PTSD for the new treatment-specific competence scale. Conclusion: Our results indicate that both scales are reliable instruments. They will be useful to examine possible effects of adherence and treatment-specific competence on DBT-PTSD treatment outcome.

Antecedentes: La evaluación de la adherencia y la competencia terapéuticas es esencial para comprender las posibles intervenciones y los mecanismos que contribuyen al resultado del tratamiento. Sin embargo, su evaluación es a menudo descuidada en la investigación en psicoterapia. Objetivos: El objetivo del presente estudio fue desarrollar una escala de valoración de la adherencia y de la competencia específica del tratamiento para la Terapia Dialéctica Conductual para el Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (DBT-PTSD, en sus siglas en inglés), y examinar sus propiedades psicométricas. Además, se evaluó la competencia terapéutica cognitivo-conductual global y la competencia terapéutica específica del trastorno utilizando escalas ya existentes para confirmar sus propiedades psicométricas en nuestra muestra de pacientes con TEPT y dificultades de regulación de las emociones. Método: Se desarrollaron dos escalas de calificación utilizando un procedimiento inductivo. 155 sesiones de terapia grabadas en video de un ensayo controlado aleatorizado multicéntrico fueron calificadas por evaluadores entrenados utilizando estas escalas, 40 videos elegidos al azar que involucraron a once terapeutas y catorce pacientes fueron doblemente evaluados por dos evaluadores. Resultados: Tanto la escala de adherencia (CCI a nivel de paciente = 0,98; αs = 0,65; α p = 0,75) como la escala de competencia específica para el tratamiento (CCI a nivel de paciente = 0,98; αs = 0,78; α p = 0,82) para la DBT-PTSD mostraron una excelente fiabilidad entre evaluadores y buena a nivel de paciente. La validez del contenido, incluyendo la relevancia y adecuación de todos los ítems, fue confirmada por expertos en DBT-PTSD para la nueva escala de competencia específica para el tratamiento. Conclusión: Nuestros resultados indican que ambas escalas son instrumentos fiables. Serán útiles para examinar los posibles efectos de la adherencia y de la competencia específica para el tratamiento en el resultado del tratamiento DBT-PTSD.

The antimicrobial efficacy of plasma-activated water against Listeria and E. coli is modulated by reactor design and water composition.

AIMS: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of plasma-activated water (PAW) generated by two novel plasma reactors against pathogenic foodborne illness organisms. METHODS AND RESULTS: The antimicrobial efficacy of PAW produced by a bubble spark discharge (BSD) reactor and a dielectric barrier discharge-diffuser (DBDD) reactor operating at atmospheric conditions with air, multiple discharge frequencies and Milli-Q and tap water, was investigated with model organisms Listeria innocua and Escherichia coli in situ. Optimal conditions were subsequently employed for pathogenic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli and Salmonella enterica. DBDD-PAW reduced more than 6-log of bacteria within 1 min. The BSD-PAW, while attaining high log reduction, was less effective. Analysis of physicochemical properties revealed that BSD-PAW had a greater variety of reactive species than DBDD-PAW. Scavenger assays designed to specifically sequester reactive species demonstrated a critical role of superoxide, particularly in DBDD-PAW. CONCLUSIONS: DBDD-PAW demonstrated rapid antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, with superoxide the critical reactive species. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: This study demonstrates the potential of DBDD-PAW produced using tap water and air as a feasible and cost-effective option for antimicrobial applications, including food safety.

Structural Dialectic Model of Care: A Guide to Beliefs, Scenarios and Social Actors Analysis in Nursing Research.

The structural dialectic model of care provides a data analysis method that facilitates the identification of beliefs and structural and functional characteristics. To demonstrate the relevance of the structural dialectic model of care for data analysis integrating beliefs, scenarios and social actors. The characteristics and functions of the model are described and explained through an analysis of its application in fifteen doctoral theses (2009-2017). This model has three structures, the functional unit (beliefs), the functional element (social agents), and the functional framework (scenarios). The Structural Dialectic Model of Care constitutes a useful methodological tool for studies of nursing, organizing analysis of the data according to the dynamic and dialectical nature of their structures.

The Dialectical Mandala Model of Self-cultivation.

This study explores the development of a cross-cultural primary ontological model that can help self-cultivation practitioners illuminate their path and help researchers identify the complex implications, context, and progression of self-cultivation in diverse cultures, especially those associated with Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. Integrating self-cultivation traditions into social science research from the perspective of subject-object dichotomy is difficult. However, the assimilation of the mutual implication of subject and object in the Avatamsaka worldview helps resolve this issue. This study employs the Buddhist tetralemmic dialectic (catuskoti), which goes beyond the limitations of dualistic and reductionist logic, to construct the Dialectical Mandala Model of Self-cultivation as the first of a two-step epistemological strategy. The model provides a universal framework for the multifaceted and systemic analysis of self-cultivation traditions so that future research can further develop additional culturally specific ontologies and psychological models in the second step of the strategy. As in a research map, this model could help researchers make ontological commitments, understand self-cultivation more comprehensively, and determine whether they have overlooked any research domain.

A crítica de Hegel à filosofia moral kantiana depois de Rawls / Hegel's critique of kantian moral philosophy after Rawls

O artigo visa mostrar que a crítica de Hegel à filosofia moral kantiana, a partir a interpretação de Rawls, deve ser revista em alguns aspectos, tais como: a aplicação do imperativo categórico; o problema do formalismo e o próprio construtivismo moral em Kant. Uma reconstrução dos principais aspectos da interpretação rawlsiana da filosofia prática de Kant é necessária, considerando a crítica hegeliana. Essa é explicitada tendo em vista os avanços que ela representa dentro de uma perspectiva dialética e de possíveis reparos que a ela podem ser feitos.

The article aims to show that Hegel's critique of Kantian moral philosophy, based on Rawls' interpretation, must be revised in some aspects, such as: the application of the categorical imperative; the problem of formalism and Kant's moral constructivism itself. A reconstruction of the main aspects of Rawlsian interpretation of Kant's practical philosophy is necessary, considering Hegel's critique. This is explained in view of the advances it represents within a dialectical perspective and the possible repairs that can be made to it.

Study on the effect of Xiaoqinglong decoction on vascular endothelin inpulmonary hypertension rat based on Jiebiaokuoluo method / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To discuss the effect of Xiaoqinglong decoction on vascular endothelin (ET) in rats pulmonary hypertension (PAH) model based on the Jiebiaokuoluo method.Methods:Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups: control group, PAH model group, positive drug group, and Xiaoqinglong decoction in the high-dose, medium-dose and low-dose groups, 10 rats in each group. The control group did not receive any treatment. The remaining groups were kept in low-pressure oxygen tanks, injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 200 μL on day 1 and day 14, respectively. The rats were smoked twice a day from day 2 to day 30 (except day 14) at 4 hours intervals. The rats were placed in a low-temperature environment for 1 hour per day, and were put into cold water to swim (for 2 weeks), while the rats were given a cold diet. After modeling, the control group and the PAH model group were given equal volumes of normal saline; the positive drug group was given bosentan (100 mg/kg); Xiaoqinglong decoction 15, 10 and 5 g/kg was given, respectively, in the high, medium and low dose groups; once daily for 30 days. The mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and right ventricle systolic pressure (RVSP) were then measured with right heart catheterization and the right ventricle hypertrophy index (RVHI) was assessed; ET-1 and nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined by radioimmunoassay.Results:Compared with the control group, the levels of mPAP, RVSP, RVHI and ET-1 were significantly increased in the PAH model group [mPAP (mmHg, 1 mmHg≈0.133 kPa): 33.20±1.04 vs. 13.20±1.03, RVSP (mmHg): 62.40±1.54 vs. 24.20±1.02, RVHI: 42.90±2.51 vs. 25.40±2.01, ET-1 (ng/L): 100.80±20.34 vs. 81.50±13.84, all P < 0.05], while NO levels were significantly decreased (mmol/L: 23.20±1.81 vs. 31.70±1.49, P < 0.05). Compared with the PAH model group, the levels of mPAP, RVSP, RVHI and ET-1 in the positive drug group and high, medium, low dose groups of Xiaoqinglong decoction were significantly decreased [mPAP (mmHg): 25.50±0.84, 26.90±0.74, 27.10±1.19, 29.10±0.75 vs. 33.20±1.04, RVSP (mmHg): 54.40±5.14, 50.10±1.67, 53.10±1.05, 56.60±1.07 vs. 62.40±1.54, RVHI: 41.10±1.19, 31.20±1.67, 31.30±1.89, 40.30±1.88 vs. 42.90±2.51, ET-1 (ng/L): 70.70±7.89, 69.90±2.92, 71.70±4.32, 73.90±5.19 vs. 100.80±20.34, all P < 0.05], while NO levels were significantly increased (mmol/L: 32.50±2.06, 34.70±1.16, 32.70±1.33, 30.10±1.19 vs. 23.20±1.81, all P < 0.05), and with the increased dose of Xiaoqinglong decoction, the change was more obvious, and the effect was better in the high-dose group. Conclusion:Xiaoqinglong decoction can reduce rats PAH by regulating ET-1 and NO levels in a dose-dependent manner.

Do Mindfulness Interventions Improve Obesity Rates in Children and Adolescents: A Review of the Evidence.

Mindfulness interventions have shown promise in improving self-regulation, depression, anxiety, and stress levels across all ages. Obesity rates in children are rising worldwide. It has been postulated that through improvements in self-regulation with mindfulness interventions, obesity rates can be improved in children and adolescents. In this review, we attempt to explain how mindfulness interventions may impact obesity rates and obesity-related complications and give the current state of evidence for the following mindfulness interventions: Mindful Eating, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, Yoga, Spirituality, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy.

Bicicletas e liberdade: dialética, limiar e as dimensões subjetivas e políticas de duas obras de Ai Weiwei / Bicycles and freedom: dialetics, threshold and the subjectibe and political dimensions of two works by Ai Weiwei / Bicicletas y libertad: dialética, umbral y las dimensiones subjetivas y políticas de dos trabajos de Ai Weiwei

Este artigo analisa duas obras do artista contemporâneo Ai Weiwei: "Bicicletas Forever" e "Flores pela Liberdade". Partindo dos conceitos de imagem dialética e de limiar de Walter Benjamin,bem como seus desdobramentos na teoria de Didi-Hubermanem interlocução com a psicanálise freudo-lacaniana, este artigo reflete, por meio do método psicanalítico da atenção flutuante, sobre as obras como sintomas de um tempo, analisando suas dimensões subjetivas e políticas.Colocam-se em discussão as imagens e significantes das obras, falas e contingências do artista, assim como aspectos políticos da arte contemporânea presente em suas criações. As obrasde Ai Weiwei estãoem interlocução com diferentes tempos e espaços,contextos artísticos e políticos,proporcionando experiências dialéticas, liminares, anacrônicas e críticas, abrindo brechas no autoritarismo e passagens para o desejo de liberdade e criação em um enlace singular entre artista e público. (AU)

This article analyzes two works by the contemporary artist Ai Weiwei: "Bicycles Forever" and "Flowers for Freedom". Starting from the concepts of dialectical image and threshold of Walter Benjamin, as well as its developments in Didi-Huberman's theory in interlocution with the Freudo-Lacanian psychoanalysis, this article reflects, through the psychoanalytic method of floating attention, on works as symptoms of a time, analyzing its subjective and political dimensions. The images and signifiers of the works, speeches and contingencies of the artist, as well as political aspects of contemporary art present in his creations are discussed. Ai Weiwei's works are in dialogue with different times and spaces, artistic and political contexts, providing dialectical, threshold, anachronistic and critical experiences, opening loopholes in authoritarianism and passages for the desire for freedom and creation in a unique link between artist and audience. (AU)

Este artículo analiza dos obras del artista contemporáneo Ai Weiwei: "Bicycles Forever" y "Flores pela Liberdade". Partiendo de los conceptos de imagen dialéctico y umbral de Walter Benjamin, así como sus desarrollos en la teoría de Didi-Huberman en la interlocución con el psicoanálisis freudolacaniano, este artículo refleja, a través del método psicoanalítico de atenciónflotante, sobre los trabajos como sintomas de um tiempo, analizando sus dimensiones subjetivas y políticas. Se cuestionan las imágenes y los significantes de las obras, los discursos y las contingencias del artista, así como los aspectos políticos del arte contemporáneo presentes en sus creaciones. Las obras de Ai Weiwei se interrelacionan con diferentes tiempos y espacios, contextos artísticos y políticos, proporcionando experiencias dialécticas, liminales, anacrónicas y críticas, abriendo brechas en el autoritarismo y pasajes al deseo de libertad y creación en un vínculo singular entre el artista y el público. (AU)

The effect of dialectic behavioral counseling on depression, anxiety, and postpartum hematocrit levelprotocolo 20210073553284 prefeitura

Abstract Objective Childbirth is a biological, psychological, and sociological event that can be a positive or negative experience, and, without support, this period may be potentially damaging. Parturition may distort maternal emotions and lead to short- or long-term disorders such as postpartum depression and anxiety. The present research aims to study the effects of dialectic behavioral therapy-based counseling on depression, anxiety symptoms, and postpartum hematocrit level. Methods The current research is a clinical trial study, and the sample was selected using parturients who were referred to the Health General Center with a diagnosis of postpartum depression and anxiety. The sample size consisted of 116 subjects who agreed to participate in the study. The patients in intervention group underwent group dialectic behavioral counseling (10 sessions/one session per week) and the control group did not receive any type of intervention. The patients were assessed in the first and last sessions as well as 2 months after the end of the sessions, using the Beck depression scale and Spielberg anxiety scale as well as the results of hematocrit tests. Data were analyzed using the IBMSPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0 (IBMCorp., Armonk, NY, USA) Results The results implied the effectiveness of dialectic behavioral therapy on reduction of the depression score, anxiety symptoms (p-value ≤ 0.0001), and hematocrit level (p-value=0.04). The participants' depression, anxiety, and hematocrit levels decreased in the experiment group compared to the control group, and this decrease has remained until the 2-month follow-up. Conclusion It seems that dialectic behavioral counseling reduces the levels of postpartum depression, anxiety, and hematocrits.