ABSTRACT
The main aim of this study was to determine the relationships between postural stability and the place in the ranking of badminton players. The study examined 10 elite players from Polish national badminton team. The scope of the study included basic somatic characteristics, such as body height, body weight, BMI, and training experience. A Microgate GYKO inertial sensor system was used to assess the postural stability of athletes. Using Spearman's rank correlation, cause-and-effect relationships between the place in the sports ranking and the analyzed variables characterizing postural stability were recognized. Depending on the distribution and homogeneity of variance, the significance of differences in variables that characterize postural stability between players of different sports skill levels (two groups) was calculated. The Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney's U-test was used for this purpose. In general, the athletes with higher positions on the ranking list presented a higher level of postural stability in both tests, which is also confirmed by the normalized values. However, for all variables of postural stability, no statistically significant correlations with sports ranking were observed. Higher values of Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were found for the test performed in the one-foot standing test compared to the two-foot test. The results obtained indicate that particular attention in badminton training should be paid to the development of the level of postural stability in order to improve sports performance.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between the proactive personality and academic performance of college students in different sports groups. Methods: A questionnaire survey is used to study 552 college students. The research tools include the proactive personality scale, the self-efficacy scale table (general, academic, and self-regulation efficacy scale tables), and the academic performance self-report scale table. This research employs SPSS 11.0 statistical software to carry out correlation analysis, regression analysis, and t-tests on the data collected, while the test of mediating effect is carried out by AMOS 22.0. Results: (1) The degree of self-efficacy and academic performance of college students participating in physical activities is significantly greater than that of the non-sports group; (2) the proactive personality level of the sports group is significantly higher than the non-sports group in the dimension of "conscientiousness"; (3) a confirmatory factor analysis of the mediating effect hypothesis model, using the structural equation model, found that self-efficacy plays a full mediating role in the relationship between proactive personality and academic performance; the direct effect of self-efficacy on the proactive personality and academic performance of college students in different sports groups is not significant. Conclusion: College students involved in sports exercise have higher scores on some items about proactive personality than non-sports groups; girls' self-efficacy level is higher than that of boys; self-efficacy plays a full mediating role in the relationship between proactive personality and academic performance; self-efficacy had no significant effect on proactive personality and gender in different sports groups.
ABSTRACT
Badminton is a highly sophisticated, fierce, and competitive tactical game. It requires the same action of hitting a ball with different landing points. Therefore, the complexity of badminton practitioner's sports decision-making is relatively high. Accordingly, it is extremely important to study the difference between the eye movement characteristics of different levels of badminton athletes and the difference between the eye movement characteristics of different sports levels of amateur athletes. Overall, 15 students from the badminton professional training team of the Physical Education College of the Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University and 15 students from the common public sports and badminton course were included as experimental participants in the present study. The laboratory experimental test on the virtual sports situation in badminton was conducted using an eye tracker. The eye movement index of both the badminton professionals and the experimental participants was recorded for statistical analysis, and the following results were obtained: (1) In the cognitive decision-masking task, the reaction time of the professional badminton practitioners was faster than that of the amateur practitioners. Similarly, in the intuitive decision-masking task, the reaction time and accuracy of the former were better than those of the latter. (2) The professional badminton practitioners' group was able to process and integrate the searched information in the process of sports attention selection information; although the amateur group was able to search and filter information, they were passive and could not actively process and assimilate the searched information. (3) The professional badminton practitioners could allocate their attention reasonably and process information in the process of attention transfer, while their amateur counterparts were affected easily by external interference factors. The level of motor intelligence of badminton practitioners in the professional group was higher than that of the amateur practitioners. Thus, these two groups of different levels showed attention transfer. (4) The mental skills of the professional group were higher than those of the amateur group.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to define every subsample with precision, to give an overview of the importance of the differences between different team players, as well as to point to the closeness along with the remoteness between them, and finally, to determine latent anthropologic characteristics which, when in interaction, contribute to significant differences and better comprehension of the specifics of every mentioned sport. Sixty-seven males were enrolled in the study, divided into four groups: twenty-five soccer players, fifteen handball players, thirteen basketball players and fourteen volleyball players. All subjects were assessed for the anthropometric measures required for the calculation of body composition variables, using the standardized procedures recommended by the established literature. Data was analysed using SPSS and the descriptive statistics were expressed as a mean (SD) for each variable, while the ANOVA and LSD Post Hoc tests were carried out to detect the effects of each type of sport, distinct features that have been identified by calculating the discrimination coefficient have determined the specifics of the subsamples, and their grouping was demonstrated by calculating Mahalanobis distance. The results showed that a significant difference was found for body height, body weight, muscle contents of body, fat contents of body, residue mass, ideal body mass and lean body mass. There is no significant difference in the body mass index and bone contents of body. It was confirmed that there is a clearly defined line between the players in different sports and it is possible to determine the characteristics of players of each sport. The results also indicate that the least amount of differences appears between volleyball and basketball, and that the sports that are most apart are volleyball and handball. Therefore, these findings may give coaches from the region a more precise top soccer, handball, basketball and volleyball player profile, and suggest them to follow recent selection process methods and be more careful during talent identification.
El propósito de este estudio fue definir cada submuestra con precisión, para presentar una visión general de la importancia de las diferencias entre los distintos jugadores, así como para señalar la cercanía y la distancia entre ellos y, finalmente, para determinar la antropología latente. Estas características cuando están en interacción, contribuyen a encontrar diferencias significativas y mejorar la comprensión de las características específicas de cada deporte mencionado. Sesenta y siete hombres se inscribieron en el estudio, divididos en cuatro grupos: 25 jugadores de fútbol, 15 jugadores de balonmano, 13 jugadores de baloncesto y 14 jugadores de voleibol. Se evaluaron las medidas antropométricas de todos los sujetos para calcular las variables de composición corporal, utilizando los procedimientos estandarizados recomendados por la literatura establecida. Los datos se analizaron mediante SPSS y las estadísticas descriptivas se expresaron como una media (DE) para cada variable, mientras que las pruebas ANOVA y LSD Post Hoc se realizaron para detectar los efectos de cada tipo de deporte. Distintas características se han identificado mediante el cálculo del coeficiente de discriminación, determinando los detalles de las submuestras, y su agrupación se demostró al calcular la distancia de Mahalanobis. Los resultados mostraron que se encontró una diferencia significativa en la altura del cuerpo, el peso corporal, el contenido muscular del cuerpo, la grasa corporal, la masa residual, la masa corporal ideal y la masa corporal magra. No se observó una diferencia significativa en el índice de masa corporal y el contenido óseo del cuerpo. Se confirmó que existe una línea claramente definida entre los jugadores en diferentes deportes y es posible determinar las características de los jugadores de cada deporte. Los resultados también indicaron que la menor cantidad de diferencias aparece entre el voleibol y el baloncesto, y que los deportes que más se distinguen son el voleibol y el balonmano. Por lo tanto, estos hallazgos pueden darles a los entrenadores de la región, un perfil más preciso de los jugadores de fútbol, balonmano, baloncesto y voleibol, y sugerir que sigan métodos de selección recientes y considerar con mayor atención la identificación del talento.
