Attitudes Towards Non-directiveness Among Medical Geneticists in Germany and Switzerland.

The principle of non-directiveness remains an important tenet in genetics. However, the concept has encountered growing criticism over the last two decades. There is an ongoing discussion about its appropriateness for specific situations in genetics, especially in light of recent significant advancements in genetic medicine. Despite the debate surrounding non-directiveness, there is a notable lack of up-to-date international research empirically investigating the issue from the perspective of those who actually do genetic counselling. Addressing this gap, our article delves into the viewpoints and experiences of medical geneticists in Germany and Switzerland. Twenty qualitative interviews were analysed employing reflexive thematic analysis. Participants' responses revealed substantial uncertainties and divergences in their understanding and application of the concept. It seems to cause distress since many geneticists stated that the principle was difficult to put into clinical practice and was no longer ethically justified given the increasing likelihood of therapeutic implications resulting from genomic testing outcomes. The insights provided by our qualitative empirical study accord with the ongoing theoretical debate regarding the definition, legitimacy, and feasibility of the principle. An adequately nuanced understanding and application of non-directiveness seems crucial to circumvent the risks inherent in the principle, while promoting patient autonomy and beneficence.

Fertility preservation counseling for women of reproductive age diagnosed with cancer: an integrative review.

This integrative review synthesizes the scientific evidence on fertility preservation counseling prior to oncological treatment for women of reproductive age diagnosed with cancer. Bibliographic research was conducted on databases PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science. The structured search strategy for the review question was "counseling AND antineoplastic agents AND fertility preservation". The use of controlled descriptors and keywords was adapted for each database. Study selection through the Rayyan platform was independent and blinded. The final sample comprised seven studies emphasizing the importance of clarifying factors related to the risk of infertility due to oncological treatment and fertility preservation techniques, such as success rate, pregnancy rate, cost, available options, and side-effects, as well as discussing the possibilities of adoption and surrogacy. This review provided evidence reinforcing the importance of counseling for fertility preservation, promoting motherhood for women who face oncological treatment. Organized networks linking oncology and reproductive medicine units are crucial to facilitate patient referral between these services and interprofessional communication.

Non-directive supportive therapy for depression: A meta-analytic review.

BACKGROUND: Non-directive supportive therapy (NDST) is an important treatment of adult depression, but no recent meta-analysis has integrated the randomized trials examining its effects. METHODS: We conducted a meta-analysis comparing NDST to control conditions and to other therapies, by using an existing database of randomized trials of psychological treatments of depression in adults. This database was built through searches in PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and the Cochrane Library. RESULTS: 48 randomized controlled trials (5075 participants), with 20 comparisons between NDST and a control group and 49 comparisons between NDST and another psychotherapy were included. Random effects meta-analyses found an effect size of NDST compared with control conditions of g = 0.53 (95 % CI, 0.34; 0.72) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 51; 95 % CI: 18; 71; PI = -0.02 to 1.09). NDST was less effective than other therapies (g = -0.21; 95 % CI: -0.31; -0.11). The difference with other therapies was significantly larger in studies in which NDST was used as a control group (p = .003). There was no significant difference between NDST and other therapies in which NDST was not used as a control group (k = 14; g = -0.05; 95 % CI: -0.17; 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: NDST probably is an effective treatment of depression. The effects may be somewhat smaller than those of other therapies, but that may also be an artefact, because NDST is often used as a control group and may be designed as an "intent-to-fail" intervention in some studies.

A balancing act: Non-directive communication, risk perceptions, and meeting patient needs in genetic counseling: A South African case study.

Genetic counseling (GC) traditionally follows a non-directive counseling approach. Although a cornerstone of GC teaching and theory, there has been debate on whether GC is, can be, or should be a patient-led service due to challenges in practice, as well as the advancement and complexity of genetic testing. Personal risk perceptions and patient expectations within particular contexts may further affect how genetic counselors discuss risk information, even while attempting to remain neutral. Less is known about the process of GC communication in non-Western settings. This paper presents empirical evidence from a South African prenatal GC consultation where tensions become apparent due to differing risk perceptions and expectations between a genetic counselor and a patient, which ultimately impacts non-directive communication practice. The case study forms part of a larger qualitative study focusing on risk and uncertainty communication within GC consultations in Cape Town, South Africa. A blended sociolinguistic approach drawing on principles of conversation analysis (CA) and theme-orientated discourse analysis (TODA) provides evidence of the complexity of imparting risk information and challenging patients to reflect on their decision-making, whilst refraining from sharing personal risk perceptions during everyday practice. The case study demonstrates how a genetic counselor may become implicitly and explicitly directive in their communication approach within the same consult which may reveal their personal risk perceptions on the matter discussed. In addition, the case study reveals how a genetic counselor may grapple with the dilemma of honoring the non-directive guidelines of the profession, whilst simultaneously supporting a patient who requests advice. The ongoing debate on non-directive counseling, decision-making, and patient care in GC is important for the reflection and development of the profession to understand how to assist and support patients facing sensitive and difficult decisions, in a meaningful, and contextually-tailored manner.

Aconselhamento diretivo como instrumento para melhoria nos índices de aleitamento materno exclusivo: uma revisão integrativa / La consejería directiva como herramienta para mejorar las tasas de lactancia materna exclusiva: una revisión integradora / Advice as an instrument for improvement in exclusive breastfeeding indices: and integrative review

Objetivo: identificar, na literatura científica, publicações sobre como o aconselhamento diretivo serve de instrumentopara melhoria nos índices de aleitamento materno exclusivo. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, do tipo revisão integrativa, realizado nas bases de dados Scielo, PubMed, Lilacs, Cinahl e BVS, na série temporal de 2009 a 2019, nos idiomas português e inglês, com os descritores e operadores booleanos. Resultados: foram encontrados 757 artigos que após identificação dos critérios e análise, apenas 21 artigos foram selecionados. Evidenciou-se que não receber informações sobre amamentação no pré-natal interfere na manutenção do aleitamento materno. Nesse sentido, os estudos reforçam a necessidade de práticas de apoio que favoreçam a escolha e manutenção do aleitamento materno. Conclusão: a maioria dos estudos demonstrou impacto positivo na manutenção do aleitamento materno exclusivo quando utilizado o aconselhamento profissional para auxiliar possíveis intervenções no decorrer da amamentação. (AU)

Objective: to identify, in the scientific literature, publications on how directive counseling serves as an instrumentto improve the rates of exclusive breastfeeding. Method: this is a qualitative study, integrative review type, carried out in the Scielo, PubMed, Lilacs, Cinahl and BVS databases, in the time series from 2009 to 2019, in Portuguese and English, with Boolean descriptors and operators. Results: 757 articles were found, after identification of the criteria and analysis, only 21 articles were selected. lt was evident that not receiving information about breastfeeding in the prenatal period interferes with the maintenance of breastfeeding. ln this sense, the studies reinforce the need for supportive practices that favor the choice and maintenance of breastfeeding. Conclusion: most studies have shown a positive impact on maintaining exclusive breastfeeding when professional counseling is used to assist possible interventions during breastfeeding.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar, en la literatura científica, publicaciones sobre cómo lo consejería directiva sirve como instrumentopara mejorar las tasas de lactancia materna exclusiva. Método: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, tipo revisión integradora, realizado en las bases de datos Scielo, PubMed, Lilacs, Cinahl y BVS, en la serie temporal de 2009 a 2019, en portugués e inglés, con descriptores y operadores booleanos. Resultados: se encontraron 757 artículos, luego de identificar los criterios y análisis, solo se seleccionaron 21 artículos. Fue evidente que no recibir información sobre la lactancia materna en el período prenatal interfiere con el mantenimiento de la lactancia materna. En este sentido, los estudios refuerzan la necesidad de prácticas de apoyo que favorezcan la elección y el mantenimiento de la lactancia materna. Conclusión: la mayoría de los estudios han demostrado un impacto positivo en el mantenimiento de la lactancia materna exclusiva cuando se utiliza la asesoría profesional para ayudar a posibles intervenciones durante la lactancia(AU)

Committee Opinion No. 419: Coercion Free Contraceptive Care.

OBJECTIVE: To provide guidance on culturally competent contraception counselling that is free of coercion and promotes shared decision-making and patient autonomy. TARGET POPULATION: Individuals of reproductive age who seek contraception or counselling for family planning. OPTIONS: Contraception counselling is provided within a rights-based family planning framework, where the individual's beliefs, culture, preferences, and ability to use the chosen method are respected. OUTCOMES: To promote patient autonomy in decision-making surrounding family planning, including the right to access and use their contraceptive method of choice, to decline contraception or use less effective methods of contraception, and to freely choose to discontinue a method of contraception, as well as the right to unbiased, non-coercive contraception counselling and evidence-based information from their health care provider BENEFITS, HARMS, AND COSTS: Implementation of these recommendations would reduce real or perceived coercive contraceptive care, particularly among vulnerable populations, resulting in improved patient autonomy and a better patient experience in health care settings. EVIDENCE: Databases searched: MEDLINE, Cochrane, PubMed, and CanLII. Medical terms used: contraception, family planning services, informed consent, coercion, decision making, sterilization, permanent contraception, counselling. Legal terms searched: forced sterilization, and aboriginal. Initial search conducted in 2020 and updated in 2021. INTENDED AUDIENCE: This committee opinion is intended for health care providers (obstetricians, gynaecologists, family physicians, general surgeons, nurse practitioners, nurses, midwives, undergraduate/postgraduate medical trainees, and other health care providers) who provide sexual and reproductive health services.

Physical Activity Counseling among Adults in Primary Health Care Centers in Brazil.

Physical activity (PA) counseling by health professionals has promising results in behavior change. However, few studies have evaluated its prevalence in Primary Health Care in Latin American countries. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and analyze the associated factors of PA counseling in adults in Primary Health Care in Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study with a representative sample of 779 adults (70% women). Counseling was identified among those who reported having received PA counseling during a health professional consultation in the last 12 months. Sociodemographic factors, health conditions, and leisure-time PA were analyzed with Poisson regression. The prevalence of counseling was 43% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 39.5-46.4%), higher in people aged ≥40 years (Prevalence Ratio [PR]: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.19-1.75], who are married (PR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.07-1.59), obese (PR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.23-1.90), take prescription medication (PR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.47-2.27), and walk for leisure (PR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.06-1.54). People with more education were less likely to receive PA counseling (PR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.68-0.99). In conclusion, 4 out of 10 users reported receiving PA counseling and this was associated with sociodemographic factors, health conditions, and walking for leisure. These results can guide PA promotion in Primary Health Care.

How is motivational interviewing (un)related to self-determination theory: An empirical study from different healthcare settings.

To explore how quality aspects and clients' verbal behaviors in Motivational Interviewing sessions correspond with counsellors' support of basic psychological needs described in Self-determination Theory, we conducted a mixed method study with quantitative analyses of transformed qualitative data from counselling sessions. Coding manuals identified if the counselling was consistent with Motivational Interviewing and the support of basic psychological needs. The study supported a conceptual relationship between motivational interviewing (MI) and self-determination theory (SDT), except for autonomy support which was conceptualized differently in the two approaches. Relational support in SDT and MI were closely linked to each other and were also strongly related to other MI-congruent and promotive counselors' verbal behavior. Client amotivation in SDT and change talk in MI were negatively correlated, and clients' autonomous motivation in SDT was related to change talk in MI. Counselors emphasized relational support, using decisional balance comprehensively, but offered competence support less often. The counseling was, however, sensitive to the clients' motivational regulation of behavior change.

Effect of a health-education program using motivational interviewing on oral health behavior and self-efficacy in pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial.

Oral health problems are common among pregnant women. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) as a behavior-change technique to enhance self-efficacy and oral health among pregnant women. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 112 pregnant Iranian women. Women in the intervention group received an education program on oral health using MI during two face-to-face sessions, along with routine health education (two 1-h lectures on oral health changes and needs during pregnancy presented as a lecture by an oral health technician over a 2-wk period). Those in the control group received two 1-h lectures on oral health changes and needs during pregnancy. Oral health behaviors, oral health self-efficacy, and general self-efficacy, were assessed, along with gingival and dental health from baseline to the 3-month follow-up. Analysis of covariance was used to determine differences between intervention and control groups. Scores for both general and specific self-efficacy and for healthy behaviors increased in the intervention group, whereas there was no significant change within controls from baseline to follow-up. Between-group analyses also indicated a significant difference in the scores for self-efficacy and behavior favoring the intervention group. Scores on the gingival inflammation index decreased, as did the number of decayed teeth in the intervention group relative to the control group. The number of filled teeth increased significantly in the intervention group. Health education interventions using MI techniques may help to improve oral health-related self-efficacy and behaviors among pregnant women.

Parturition mode recommendation and symptoms of pelvic floor disorders after obstetric anal sphincter injuries.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Our primary objective was to evaluate parturition mode (PM) recommendations following obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIs) and adherence to these recommendations and to evaluate recurrence of OASIs in women who had a subsequent vaginal delivery (VD). The hypothesis was that adherence to the PM recommendations leads to a reasonable OASI recurrence rate. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational cohort study of patients with previous OASIs between 2010 and 2016. After an outpatient visit including 3D transperineal ultrasound to screen for pelvic floor and anal sphincter injuries, all patients received recommendations for a subsequent PM. Patients were invited to complete validated questionnaires 2 to 5 years post-OASIs. RESULTS: The majority of invited patients (265/320) attended follow-up, with 264 receiving a recommendation for PM. Only 5.6% did not adhere to the received recommendation. One hundred sixty-one patients delivered again, 58% had a VD, and 42% had a cesarean section (CS). Recurrence of OASIs was observed in 4.3% of the patients that had a VD. Fecal incontinence occurred in 4.9%, however any form of anal incontinence in 48% of patients. While dyspareunia was common in patients with residual external anal sphincter (EAS) injuries and levator ani muscle (LAM) avulsions, anal pain occurred more frequently in EAS injuries and fecal incontinence in LAM avulsions. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the vast majority of patients followed PM recommendations, and this resulted in a low recurrence of OASIs with a high CS rate. Fecal incontinence after OASIs was correlated with the degree of OASIs.

Contracepção masculina: a visão de candidatos à vasectomia / Male contraception: the view of vasectomy candidates / Anticoncepción masculina: la visión de candidatos para la vasectomia

Objetivo: analisar a percepção de homens, candidatos à esterilização, sobre a vasectomia e identificar os motivos que os levaram a escolher tal procedimento. Método: pesquisa qualitativa descritiva, realizada com 14 homens em um hospital universitário, do município do Rio Grande/RS, em 2019. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Estudo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: a idade média foi de 31,8 anos, e a maioria tinha filhos com a atual e com ex-parceiras. O conhecimento vago sobre vasectomia foi reforçado após encontro com assistente social. A influência de conhecidos foi positiva na tomada de decisão. A proteção da saúde da esposa foi um dos motivos para a realização do procedimento. O histórico de vida cercado por violência na infância também serviu como motivação. Conclusão: é preciso um olhar ampliado, dos profissionais da saúde sobre o tema; considerando o contexto e o projeto de vida do cliente nas situações de planejamento familiar.

Objective: to analyze the perception of men, candidates for sterilization, about vasectomy and to identify the reasons that led them to choose the method. Method: qualitative descriptive research, carried out with 14 men in a university hospital, in the municipality of Rio Grande/RS, in 2019. Semi-structured interviews were carried out, submitted to content analysis. Study approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: the average age was 31.8 years, and most had children with the current and former partners. Knowledge about vasectomy was reformed after meeting with a social worker. A known influence was positive in decision making. The protection of the wife's health was one of the reasons for carrying out the procedure. The life history surrounded by childhood violence also serves as an individual motivation. Conclusion: an expanded look is needed by health professionals, taking into account the context and the life project in family planning situations.

Objetivo: analizar la percepción de los hombres, candidatos a la esterilización, sobre la vasectomía e identificar las razones que los llevaron a elegir el método. Método: investigación descriptiva cualitativa, realizada con 14 hombres en un hospital universitario, en el municipio de Rio Grande/RS, en 2019. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, sometidas a análisis de contenido. Estudio aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 31.8 años, y la mayoría tenía hijos con las parejas actuales y anteriores. El conocimiento sobre la vasectomía se reformó después de reunirse con un trabajador social. Una influencia conocida fue positiva en la toma de decisiones. La protección de la salud de la esposa fue una de las razones para llevar a cabo el procedimiento. La historia de la vida rodeada de violencia infantil también sirve como una motivación individual. Conclusión: los profesionales de la salud necesitan una mirada más amplia, teniendo en cuenta el contexto y el proyecto de vida en situaciones de planificación familiar

Critical appraisal of the proposed defenses for planned home birth.

Two prominent proposed defenses have been offered of planned home birth. The first focuses on the very low absolute risk of planned home birth, which is considered to be safe because it is so low, irrespective of its significantly elevated relative risk. The second invokes an analogy between trial of labor after cesarean delivery and planned home birth. Because trial of labor after cesarean delivery and planned home birth have similar, very low absolute risks and because the former is an acceptable clinical practice, defenders of planned home birth argue that the latter should be considered acceptable. This article presents a critical appraisal of these 2 proposed defenses of planned home birth. Question 1: Are proposed defenses of planned home birth focused on its low absolute risks consistent with the commitment to patient safety? This commitment to patient safety requires the identification of variation in the processes of patient care and reduction of variation when reduction improves outcomes. Relative, as well as absolute, risks therefore must be identified. Compared with hospital midwives, planned home births have a significantly higher relative total neonatal mortality risk of 3.87 (1.26 vs 0.32 per 1000 births; P<.001) and a significantly higher relative risk of 5-minute Apgar score of zero of 18.11 (1.63 vs 0.0/1000 births; P<.001). Planned hospital birth prevents these risks. It follows that planned home birth as a variant in birth setting is not consistent with the commitment to patient safety. Question 2: Is the analogy to trial of labor after cesarean delivery consistent with the philosophic rules of analogic reasoning? The long-established philosophic rules for analogic reasoning require that the 2 cases that are compared are similar in all relevant respects and that all relevant analogies have been considered. The 2 cases are dissimilar because the perinatal risks of planned home births are approximately 3 times higher than trial of labor after cesarean delivery. At least 8 clinical analogies to other situations of very low absolute, but unacceptable, risks are ignored. The clinical implication of the results of this critical appraisal is that obstetricians should respond to expressions of interest in planned home birth based on these proposed defenses with a respectful explanation of the inadequacies, the failure to commit to patient safety, and a recommendation for planned hospital birth.

Applicability and Clinical Validity of Nursing Outcomes Classification in a Nursing Intervention of Nutritional Counseling for Patients With Malnutrition.

PURPOSE: To determine the applicability of the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) after nutritional counseling intervention in malnourished patients. METHODS: Prospective, randomized, open-label study in 106 hospital patients with malnutrition. The NOC indicators evaluated were 162202 and 180201. FINDINGS: The intervention group significantly increased both NOC indicator scores compared with the control group, these indicators significantly correlated with body mass index, Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool, and Barthel's Index. CONCLUSION: The NOC indicators are sensitive to patients' changes in clinical practice, and correlate well with other indicators in this context. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: The NOC can be used to assess malnourished patients in the clinical setting.

[Evaluation of variety and quality in the school menus of Asturias. 2015/2016]. / Evaluación de la variedad y calidad en los menús escolares de Asturias. Curso 2015/2016.

OBJECTIVE: Since the first evaluation in 2011 of the "Healthy Eating and Ecological Production Program in School Meals of Asturias", the improvement of the menus has been analyzed in terms of frequencies in the food group offer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the culinary quality of the menus, in order to complement this analysis. METHODS: Transversal descriptive study with a sample for convenience of the 243 Primary Education centers of Asturias, that is, 195 in the 2015-16 academic year.. A monthly menu was requested to all the centers and in case of not receiving a response, a search was made on the Internet. Minimum criteria were defined to comply with frequencies, variety and recipes for each food group. The menus were analyzed every day and the differences between the menus cooked on site vs catering, as well as between public versus private / concerted centers. The data analysis was performed with the SPSS program and the differences between percentages of compliance with the Chi square test. RESULTS: 195 menus were analyzed (80.2%), obtaining high percentages of compliance in all the criteria (over 80%), except in the variety of carbohydrates (27.7%), fruit (22.1%). %), processed meat (13.9%), vegetable offer as first course (6.1%) and animal protein in the first course (2.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The general compliance of the recommendations with respect to variety and different recipes in the schools is very adequate, especially in those of public ownership and with own kitchen type.

OBJETIVO: Desde la primera evaluación en 2011 del "Programa de Alimentación Saludable y de Producción Ecológica en los Comedores Escolares de Asturias", se ha venido analizando la mejora de los menús en cuanto a frecuencias en la oferta de grupos de alimentos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la calidad culinaria de los menús, de forma que complemente a dicho análisis. METODOS: Estudio descriptivo transversal con una muestra por conveniencia de los 243 centros de Educación Primaria de Asturias, es decir, 195 en el curso 2015-16. Se solicitó un menú mensual a todos los centros y en caso de no recibir respuesta se realizó una búsqueda en Internet. Se definieron unos criterios mínimos a cumplir en frecuencias, variedad y recetas diferentes para cada grupo de alimentos. Se analizaron todos los días de los menús y las diferencias entre los menús cocinados in situ vs catering, así como entre centros de titularidad pública vs privada/concertada. El análisis de datos se realizó con el programa SPSS y las diferencias entre porcentajes de cumplimiento con la prueba Chi cuadrado. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 195 menús (80,2%), obteniéndose altos porcentajes de cumplimiento en todos los criterios (superiores al 80%), excepto en la variedad de carbohidratos (27,7%), fruta (22,1%), carne procesada (13,9%), oferta de verdura como primer plato (6,1%) y proteína animal en el primer plato (2,6%). CONCLUSIONES: El cumplimiento general de las recomendaciones respecto a variedad y recetas diferentes en los colegios es muy adecuado, especialmente en los de titularidad pública y de cocina propia.

Factors Influencing the Implementation of Screening and Brief Interventions for Alcohol Use in Primary Care Practices: A Systematic Review Protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Alcohol is a leading risk factor contributing to the global burden of disease. National and international agencies recommend evidence-based screening and brief interventions in primary care settings in order to reduce alcohol consumption. However, the majority of primary care professionals do not routinely deliver such interventions. OBJECTIVE: To identify factors influencing general practitioners/family physicians' and primary care nurses' routine delivery of alcohol screening and brief intervention in adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic literature search will be carried out in the following electronic databases: Medline, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and PsycINFO. Two authors will independently abstract data and assess study quality using the NIH National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute quality assessment tools for quantitative studies, and the CASP checklist for qualitative studies. A narrative synthesis of the findings will be provided, structured around the barriers and facilitators identified. Identified barriers and facilitators will be further analysed using the Behavioural Change Wheel/Theoretical Domains Framework. DISCUSSION: This review will describe the barriers to, and facilitators for, the implementation of alcohol screening and brief interventions by general practitioners/family physicians and nurses at primary care practices. By mapping the barriers and facilitators to the domains of the Behavioural Change Wheel/Theoretical Domains Framework, this review will also provide implementation researchers with a useful tool for selecting promising practitioner-oriented behavioural interventions for improving alcohol screening and brief intervention delivery in primary care. CONCLUSION: This review will provide important information for implementing alcohol screening and brief intervention in primary health care.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42016052681.

Introdução: O consumo de álcool é um importante fator de risco a nível mundial. Apesar de serem recomendadas por muitas instâncias nacionais e internacionais, a deteção e intervenção breve no consumo de álcool ainda não está integrada na prática da maioria dos profissionais de saúde dos Cuidados de Saúde Primários. Objetivo: Identificar as barreiras e os facilitadores à implementação da deteção e intervenção breve nos consumos de álcool nos Cuidados de Saúde Primários por parte dos Médicos e Enfermeiros de Família. Material e Métodos: Será realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura nas seguintes bases de dados: Medline, CINAHL, CENTRAL, e PsycINFO. Dois autores irão, de forma independente, extrair os dados, e avaliar a qualidade dos estudos selecionados. A qualidade dos estudos quantitativos será avaliada através das checklists do NIH National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, enquanto a dos estudos qualitativos será avaliada através da checklist CASP. Os resultados serão apresentados numa síntese narrativa, estruturada em torno das barreiras e facilitadores identificados, e analisados à luz dos domínios teóricos da Behavioural Change Wheel/Theoretical Domains Framework. Discussão: Esta revisão sistemática descreverá as barreiras e os facilitadores à implementação da deteção e intervenção breve nos consumos de álcool nos Cuidados de Saúde Primários. Ao estabelecer a ligação entre estes fatores e os diferentes domínios teóricos da Behavioural Change Wheel/Theoretical Domains Framework, esta revisão sistemática vai facilitar o desenho de programas que visem a implementação destas boas práticas neste nível de cuidados. Conclusão: Esta revisão contribuirá com informação importante para a implementação da deteção e intervenção breve nos consumos de álcool nos Cuidados de Saúde Primários. Registo: PROSPERO CRD42016052681.

Associations of trust and healthcare provider advice with HPV vaccine acceptance among African American parents.

OBJECTIVE: Healthcare providers (HCPs) are advised to give all parents a strong recommendation for HPV vaccination. However, it is possible that strong recommendations could be less effective at promoting vaccination among African Americans who on average have greater mistrust in the healthcare system. This study examines the associations of parental trust in HCPs and strength of HCP vaccination recommendation on HPV vaccine acceptance among African American parents. METHODS: Participants were recruited from an urban, academic medical center between July 2012 and July 2014. We surveyed 400 African American parents of children ages 10-12years who were offered HPV vaccine by their HCPs to assess sociodemographic factors, vaccine beliefs, trust in HCPs, and the HPV vaccine recommendation received. Medical records were reviewed to determine vaccination receipt. RESULTS: In multivariable analysis, children whose parents were "very strongly" recommended the HPV vaccine had over four times higher odds of vaccine receipt compared with those whose parents were "not very strongly" recommended the vaccine. Having a parent with "a lot of" versus "none" or only "some" trust in HCPs was associated with over twice the odds of receiving HPV vaccine. Very strong HCP recommendations were associated with higher odds of vaccination among all subgroups, including those with more negative baseline attitudes toward HPV vaccine and those with lower levels of trust. Adding the variables strength of HCP recommendation and parental trust in HCPs to a multivariable model already adjusted for sociodemographic factors and parental vaccine beliefs improved the pseudo R2 from 0.52 to 0.55. CONCLUSIONS: Among participants, receiving a strong vaccine recommendation and having a higher level of trust in HCPs were associated with higher odds of HPV vaccination, but did not add much to the predictive value of a model that already adjusted for baseline personal beliefs and sociodemographic factors.

Consulta de salud de adolescentes en centros educativos / Adolescents' health consultations in educational centers

La estrategia de Espacios de Orientación y Escucha o Consejerías en salud integral en centros educativos (EOyE) es una experiencia intersectorial e innovadora en el Uruguay. Comienza a implementarse en el año 2012 en Montevideo y el área metropolitana. Los objetivos de la estrategia buscan mejorar la calidad de vida de adolescentes y jóvenes, ofrecer orientación oportuna en salud integral, facilitar la vinculación a los servicios de salud y otros espacios de participación. Los EOyE son ámbitos de consulta y conversación, de acceso libre y espontáneo para los adolescentes. Están a cargo de una dupla de profesionales de las áreas de Medicina o Enfermería y Psicología. La metodología empleada es la Consejería(1), esta se encuadra en los principios de confidencialidad y autonomía progresiva promoviendo el desarrollo de conductas saludables y habilidades para la vida(1). La población potencial de beneficiarios asciende a más de 3000 estudiantes de 12 a 19 años de edad, sus familias y referentes de la comunidad educativa. En el período de intervención entre agosto 2012 y junio 2015, se recibieron un total de 2.400 consultas. Se ha constatado que los estudiantes se apropian del Espacio, concurren espontáneamente y valoran positivamente la propuesta. Asimismo, gran parte de las consultas se resuelven en el momento, ofreciendo escucha y orientación oportuna. La respuesta a las situaciones de mayor complejidad se realiza de manera coordinada con la comunidad educativa, la familia y las redes.

The strategy of centers for Counselling and Sharing or Comprehensive Health Counselling in educational centers constitutes an innovative experience across different sectors in Uruguay. Implementation started in 2012 in Montevideo and the metropolitan area. The strategy aims to improve the quality of life of adolescents and young adults, to provide timely counselling in comprehensive health, to facilitate interaction with health services and other spaces for participation. These centers are spaces for consultation and exchange, access is free and spontaneous for adolescents, and they are led by two professionals trained in medicine, nursing services and psychology. Counselling is the method applied, and it lies within the framework of confidentiality and progressive autonomy principles, promoting the development of healthy behaviors and skills for life. The potential population of beneficiaries rises to over 3,000 students between 12 and 19 years old, their families and references in the school community. Two thousand and four hundred consultations were received between August, 2012 and June 2015. It has been seen that students make it their own, they spontaneously visit the service and positively value its existence. Likewise, most consultations are solved immediately, by listening and offering appropriate advice. Response to more complex situations is coordinated between the school community, families and social networks.

Consulta de salud de adolescentes en centros educativos: Adolescents' health consultations in educational centers

La estrategia de Espacios de Orientación y Escucha o Consejerías en salud integral en centros educativos (EOyE) es una experiencia intersectorial e innovadora en el Uruguay. Comienza a implementarse en el año 2012 en Montevideo y el área metropolitana. Los objetivos de la estrategia buscan mejorar la calidad de vida de adolescentes y jóvenes, ofrecer orientación oportuna en salud integral, facilitar la vinculación a los servicios de salud y otros espacios de participación. Los EOyE son ámbitos de consulta y conversación, de acceso libre y espontáneo para los adolescentes. Están a cargo de una dupla de profesionales de las áreas de Medicina o Enfermería y Psicología. La metodología empleada es la Consejería(1), esta se encuadra en los principios de confidencialidad y autonomía progresiva promoviendo el desarrollo de conductas saludables y habilidades para la vida(1). La población potencial de beneficiarios asciende a más de 3000 estudiantes de 12 a 19 años de edad, sus familias y referentes de la comunidad educativa. En el período de intervención entre agosto 2012 y junio 2015, se recibieron un total de 2.400 consultas. Se ha constatado que los estudiantes se apropian del Espacio, concurren espontáneamente y valoran positivamente la propuesta. Asimismo, gran parte de las consultas se resuelven en el momento, ofreciendo escucha y orientación oportuna. La respuesta a las situaciones de mayor complejidad se realiza de manera coordinada con la comunidad educativa, la familia y las redes.

The strategy of centers for Counselling and Sharing or Comprehensive Health Counselling in educational centers constitutes an innovative experience across different sectors in Uruguay. Implementation started in 2012 in Montevideo and the metropolitan area. The strategy aims to improve the quality of life of adolescents and young adults, to provide timely counselling in comprehensive health, to facilitate interaction with health services and other spaces for participation. These centers are spaces for consultation and exchange, access is free and spontaneous for adolescents, and they are led by two professionals trained in medicine, nursing services and psychology. Counselling is the method applied, and it lies within the framework of confidentiality and progressive autonomy principles, promoting the development of healthy behaviors and skills for life. The potential population of beneficiaries rises to over 3,000 students between 12 and 19 years old, their families and references in the school community. Two thousand and four hundred consultations were received between August, 2012 and June 2015. It has been seen that students make it their own, they spontaneously visit the service and positively value its existence. Likewise, most consultations are solved immediately, by listening and offering appropriate advice. Response to more complex situations is coordinated between the school community, families and social networks.

Medication dispensing as an opportunity for patient counseling and approach to drug-related problems

ABSTRACT The objective was to describe and evaluate a model of drug dispensing developed and implemented in a community pharmacy in Brazil. This was a descriptive, observational, quasi-experimental study performed in the period between 21 January 2013 and 20 April 2013. The model was evaluated and described in terms of three parameters: structure, process and outcome. The description and assessment of each parameter was performed as follows: (I) Structure: profile of patients, pharmacist's professional profile, physical facility, informational material; (II) Process: drug-related problems, pharmaceutical interventions performed, results of pharmaceutical interventions; (III) Outcome: patient knowledge of medications. Dispensing service improved patient knowledge of medications (p < 0.05), which was associated with pharmacotherapy complexity (p < 0.05). The main problems identified were related to lack of patient knowledge regarding their medication (52.9%). Pharmaceutical interventions were mostly performed directly to the patients (86.3%) by verbal (95.4%) and written (68.2%) information, and most of the problems were completely solved (62.7%). The medicine dispensing model was able to identify and solve drug-related problems and promote an improvement in patient knowledge about medication.

RESUMO O objetivo foi descrever e avaliar um modelo de serviço de dispensação de medicamentos desenvolvido e implantado em uma Farmácia Comunitária no Brasil. Trata-se de restudo descritivo, observacional e quase-experimental, realizado no período de 21 de janeiro a 20 de abril de 2013. A descrição e avaliação do modelo foi realizada segundo os parâmetros: estrutura, processo e resultado.Os aspectos descritos e avaliados foram: 1. Estrutura: perfil dos pacientes, perfil profissiográfico dos farmacêuticos, estrutura física, material de informação; 2. Processo: problemas relacionados ao medicamento detectados, intervenções farmacêuticas realizadas, resultados das intervenções farmacêuticas; 3. Resultado: conhecimento do pacientes sobre os medicamentos utilizados. A dispensação proporcionou melhora do conhecimento do paciente sobre os medicamentos (p < 0,05), que demonstrou-se associada à complexidade da farmacoterapia (p < 0,05). Foram identificados majoritariamente problemas relacionados à falta de condições do paciente em utilizar o medicamento (52,94%). As intervenções farmacêuticas foram realizadas predominantemente junto ao paciente (86,27%) através do fornecimento de informações verbais (95,4%) e escritas (68,2%) e, em sua maioria, o problema que originou a intervenção foi totalmente resolvido (62,75%).O serviço foi capaz de identificar e resolver os problemas relacionados ao medicamento e contribuiu para a melhoria do conhecimento dos pacientes relativo aos medicamentos utilizados.