ABSTRACT
Introducción la disección/rotura de la aorta torácica tiene una alta mortalidad, constituyendo de 3,9 a 5,4% de las muertes súbitas en series forenses. Los hallazgos histopatológicos de la media asociados a estas entidades han recibido múltiples términos y definiciones. En 2016, la Asociación Europea de Patología Cardiovascular junto con la Sociedad de Patología Cardiovascular publicaron un documento de consenso, aplicado a muestras quirúrgicas, para unificar criterios. El objetivo de este trabajo es valorar su aplicación en las autopsias forenses. Un objetivo secundario es estudiar cambios inflamatorios útiles para la datación. Material y métodos se revisaron las preparaciones histológicas de aorta de 54 casos de muertes súbitas por rotura/disección aórtica estudiados entre 2019 y 2022. Resultados se observó degeneración de la media en 49 casos (90,8%) (severa en 42,9%). Por lesiones, el orden de frecuencia fue: fragmentación y/o pérdida de las fibras elásticas (74,1%); acúmulo de matriz mucoide extracelular (61,1%); pérdida de núcleos de células musculares lisas (48,1%) y colapso de la media (44,4%). Algunas lesiones del documento no pudieron ser valoradas. No se encontraron diferencias significativas por edad; presencia o no de colagenopatías; o válvulas aórticas bi/tricúspides. Se observó tejido de granulación o infiltrado neutrofílico en los fallecidos con dolor de varios días o <24 h antes de la muerte, respectivamente. Conclusión con la aplicación del documento se encuentran lesiones en la media en >90% de los casos y pueden estudiarse las lesiones fundamentales. La respuesta inflamatoria frente a la rotura/disección parece correlacionarse con el momento de la disección/rotura. (AU)
Introduction Thoracic aortic dissection/rupture has a high mortality, constituting 3.9-5.4% of sudden deaths in forensic series. Medial histopathological findings associated with these entities have received multiple terms and definitions. In 2016, the European Association for Cardiovascular Pathology and the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology published a consensus document, applied to surgical specimens, to unify criteria. The aim of this work is to assess its application in forensic autopsies. A secondary objective is to study inflammatory changes useful for dating. Material and methods Aortic histological preparations of the 54 cases of sudden deaths due to aortic rupture/dissection studied between 2019 and 2022 were reviewed. Results Medial degeneration was observed in 49 cases (90.8%) (severe in 42.9%). By lesions, the order of frequency was: fragmentation and/or loss of elastic fibers (74.1%); accumulation of extracellular mucoid matrix (61.1%); loss of smooth muscle cell nuclei (48.1%) and collapse of the media (44.4%). Some lesions of the consensus paper could not be assessed. No significant differences were found by age; presence or not of collagenopathies; or bi/tricuspid aortic valves. Granulation tissue or neutrophilic infiltrate was observed in those deceased with pain several days or <24 h before death, respectively. Conclusion With the application of the document, lesions in the media are found in >90% of cases and fundamental lesions can be studied. The inflammatory response to rupture/dissection appears to correlate with the timing of dissection/rupture. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Death, Sudden/etiology , Death, Sudden/pathology , /etiology , /pathology , Pathologists , Autopsy , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
El síndrome aórtico agudo agrupa distintas entidades que afectan a la pared aórtica y que tienen una presentación clínica común. En esta revisión se exponen aspectos relevantes sobre su epidemiología, presentación clínica, diagnóstico y estrategias de tratamiento. Además, se analiza la importancia de los equipos multidisciplinares y los centros de aorta en la atención y el pronóstico de los pacientes con síndrome aórtico agudo (AU)
Acute aortic syndrome embraces a group of heterogenous pathological entities involving the aortic wall with a common clinical profile. The current epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment strategy are discussed in this review. Besides, the importance of multidisciplinary aortic teams, aortic centers and the implementation of an aortic code are emphasized (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Aortic DissectionABSTRACT
Acute aortic syndrome embraces a group of heterogenous pathological entities involving the aortic wall with a common clinical profile. The current epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment strategy are discussed in this review. Besides, the importance of multidisciplinary aortic teams, aortic centers and the implementation of an aortic code are emphasized.
Subject(s)
Acute Aortic Syndrome , Aortic Diseases , Aortic Dissection , Humans , Aorta , Hematoma , Aortic Diseases/diagnosis , Aortic Diseases/therapy , Ulcer/diagnosis , Acute DiseaseABSTRACT
El dolor torácico es uno de los motivos de consulta más frecuente en un servicio de urgencia. Dentro de las hipótesis diagnósticas se deben descartar las patologías de mayor gravedad: el infarto al miocardio (IM), la disección aórtica, el tromboembolismo pulmonar y el neumotórax. El escenario más frecuente es el IM debido a un accidente de placa, pero existen casos en donde la disección aórtica puede verse acompañada de un déficit de perfusión coronaria (síndrome de malaperfusión) generando un IM. Su diagnóstico es difícil, con una mayor mortalidad y complejidad quirúrgica. Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 59 años que cursó con dolor torácico y electrocardiograma con elevación del segmento ST inferior y anterior, derivado a angioplastia primaria y que en el estudio angiográfico se identifica compromiso ostial de coronarias, se sospecha una disección aórtica, confirmándose por angiotomografía computada de aorta, donde se evidencia una disección de aorta ascendente con compromiso de ambos ostium coronarios que se trató quirúrgicamente.
Chest pain is one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in the emergency department. The most severe pathologies must be quickly ruled out within the diagnostic hypotheses: myocardial infarction (MI), aortic dissection, pulmonary thromboembolism, and pneumothorax. A frequent scenario is ST elevation MI due to a plaque accident. However, there are infrequent cases of aortic dissection associated with a deficit in coronary perfusion (malperfusion syndrome) that triggers a MI. The diagnosis of a double artery is difficult, with higher mortality and surgical complexity. We present the case of a 59-year-old man who presented chest pain and an electrocardiogram with inferior and anterior ST-segment elevation who was referred for primary angioplasty. The angiographic study confirmed the presence of a coronary ostium defect and suggested aortic dissection. Computed tomography angiography confirmed the diagnosis, showing the dissection of the ascending aorta with the compromise of both coronary ostia, which was subjected to surgical treatment.
ABSTRACT
La disección aórtica representa una afección relativamente poco común pero potencialmente mortal que se debe a un desgarro en la capa íntima de la arteria aorta o sangrado dentro de su pared, lo que da como resultado una separación de las capas de esta. Se han identificado varios factores de riesgo y comparten los mismos que para otras enfermedades cardiovasculares, como la edad, la hipertensión arterial, la dislipidemia y los trastornos genéticos del tejido conectivo. Es muy importante que el clínico pueda realizar un diagnóstico oportuno y un tratamiento adecuado en los pacientes afectados. El tipo de tratamiento depende de la extensión y de la localización de la disección. La reparación quirúrgica abierta suele ser la más usada para aquellas en las que están involucradas la aorta ascendente y el arco aórtico; por otro lado, la intervención endovascular está recomendada para las disecciones de la aorta descendente, que suelen ser complicadas. En este trabajo se revisará la epidemiología, la fisiopatología, las manifestaciones clínicas y finalmente el manejo de la disección aórtica.(AU)
Aortic dissection represents a relatively rare but highly fatal condition that is due to a tear in the intimal layer ofthe aortic artery or bleeding within its wall, resulting in a separation of its layers. Several risk factors have beenidentifi ed and share the same as for other cardiovascular diseases such as age, high blood pressure, dyslipidemiaand genetic disorders of connective tissue.It is very important that the clinician can make a timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment in patients affectedby it; the type of treatment depends on the extent and location of the dissection. open surgical repair is usuallythe most used for those that involve the ascending aorta and the aortic arch, on the other hand, endovascularintervention is recommended for dissections of the descending aorta that are usually complicated.In this work, the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and finally the management of aorticdissection will be reviewed.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Aortic Dissection/diagnosis , Aortic Dissection/therapy , Aortic Dissection/surgery , Aorta/injuries , Aortic Dissection/epidemiology , Aortic Dissection/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 81 años de edad, presenta como patología de base hipertensión arterial sistémica, con emergencia hipertensiva tras evidenciar lesión de un órgano diana, en este caso disección de aorta toracoabdominal tipo C de extensión a la arteria iliaca común derecha crónica, la conducta seguida en esta paciente (como es aceptado para este tipo de disección) fue conservadora tratamiento médico óptimo y control de los factores de riesgo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Aortic Dissection/surgery , Aortic Dissection/diagnostic imaging , Costa RicaABSTRACT
Introducción y objetivos El Registro Español del Síndrome Aórtico Agudo (RESA) se inició en 2005 para valorar las características del síndrome aórtico agudo (SAA) en nuestro país. El objetivo es analizar las diferencias en las características, el abordaje y el tratamiento y la mortalidad observadas entre las 3 ediciones del RESA. Métodos Se analizaron los datos de los pacientes con SAA incluidos prospectivamente por 24-30 hospitales terciarios en las 3 ediciones: RESA I (2005-2006), RESA II (2012-2013) y RESA III (2018-2019). Resultados Se incluyó a 1.902 pacientes (el 74% varones; media de edad, 60,7± 12,5 años), 1.329 (69,9%) tipo A y 573 (30,1%) tipo B. Comparando los RESAS, la tomografía computarizada aumentó como técnica diagnóstica (el 77,1, el 77,9 y el 84,2% respectivamente; p=0,001). El tratamiento quirúrgico del SAA tipo A aumentó (el 79,6, el 78,7 y el 84,5%; p=0,045) y la mortalidad total disminuyó (el 41,2, el 34,5 y el 31,2%; p=0,002), coincidiendo con una reducción de la mortalidad quirúrgica (el 33,4, el 25,1 y el 23,9%; p=0,003). En el tipo B, el tratamiento endovascular aumentó (el 22,8, el 32,8 y el 38,7%; p=0,006). La mortalidad total del SAA tipo B disminuyó (el 21,6, el 16,1 y el 12,0%; p=0,005) como consecuencia de la reducción de la mortalidad de los tratamientos médico (el 16,8, el 13,8 y el 8,8%; p=0,030) y endovascular (el 27,0, el 18,0 y el 9,2%; p=0,009). Conclusiones El RESA evidencia una disminución de la mortalidad del SAA tipo A coincidiendo con un incremento del tratamiento quirúrgico y una reducción de su mortalidad. En el SAA tipo B, el tratamiento endovascular se asocia con un aumento de la supervivencia, ya que permite una mejor estrategia terapéutica para los pacientes con complicaciones (AU)
Introduction and objectives The Spanish Registry of Acute Aortic Syndrome (RESA) was launched in 2005 to identify the characteristics of acute aortic syndrome (AAS) in Spain. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in management and mortality in the 3 RESA iterations. Method We analyzed data from patients with AAS prospectively included by 24 to 30 tertiary centers during the 3 iterations of the registry: RESA I (2005-2006), RESA-II (2012-2013), and RESA III (2018-2019). Result AAS was diagnosed in 1902 patients (74% men; age, 60.7±12.5 years): 1329 (69.9%) type A and 573 (30.1%) type B. Comparison of the 3 periods revealed that the use of computed tomography increased as the first diagnostic technique (77.1%, 77.9%, and 84.2%, respectively; P=.001). In type A, surgical management increased (79.6%, 78.7%, and 84.5%; P=.045) and overall mortality decreased (41.2%, 34.5%, and 31.2%; P=.002), due to a reduction in surgical mortality (33.4%, 25.1%, and 23.9%; P=.003). In type B, endovascular treatment increased (22.8%, 32.8%, and 38.7%; P=.006), while medical and surgical treatment decreased. Overall type B mortality also decreased (21.6%, 16.1%, and 12.0%; P=.005) in line with a reduction in mortality with medical (16.8%, 13.8%, and 8.8%, P=.030) and endovascular (27.0%, 18.0%, and 9.2%; P=.009) treatments. Conclusion The iterations of RESA show a decrease in mortality from type A AAS, coinciding with an increase in surgical treatment and a reduction in surgical mortality. In type B, the use of endovascular treatment was associated with improved survival, allowing better management in patients with complications (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/surgery , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/mortality , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation , Endovascular Procedures , Prospective Studies , Video Recording , Spain/epidemiology , Acute DiseaseABSTRACT
Introducción y objetivos: El embarazo en el síndrome de Marfan (SM) incrementa el riesgo de eventos aórticos. La evidencia clínica actual es escasa y no existe un consenso específico sobre el tratamiento óptimo de estas pacientes. Se presenta nuestra experiencia multicéntrica. Métodos: Entre enero de 2004 y enero de 2020, 632 pacientes con SM mantuvieron revisiones periódicas en unidades de Marfan. Durante este periodo se identificó a todas las mujeres gestantes y se analizó la incidencia de eventos aórticos durante el embarazo y el puerperio. Resultados: Se hallaron 133 embarazos de 89 mujeres (8 con cirugía de aorta previa). No hubo mortalidad materna. Cinco mujeres sufrieron eventos aórticos durante el tercer trimestre del embarazo y el puerperio (2 disecciones tipo A, 1 disección tipo B y 2 crecimientos significativos de la aorta (≥ 3 mm). La incidencia de eventos aórticos fue del 3,7%. Se evidenció una mayor tendencia a eventos con diámetros aórticos pregestacionales ≥ 40 mm (p=0,058). La mortalidad fetal fue del 3%. El 37,6% de los partos se realizaron mediante cesárea. Conclusiones: Las mujeres con SM tienen un incremento del riesgo de eventos aórticos en el embarazo, especialmente durante el tercer trimestre y el periodo posparto. Se debería valorar, en centros de referencia, la cirugía aórtica profiláctica pregestacional con diámetros aórticos ≥ 40 mm. Es importante un diagnóstico precoz, un estudio pregestacional de toda la aorta, la administración de bloqueadores beta y un estrecho seguimiento durante el embarazo, especialmente durante el último trimestre y el posparto (AU)
Introduction and objectives: Pregnancy in women with Marfan syndrome (MS) is associated with an increased risk of aortic events. The clinical evidence on pregnant patients with MS is limited and there is no specific consensus on their optimal management. We report our multicenter experience. Methods: From January 2004 to January 2020, 632 patients with MS underwent periodic monitoring in Marfan units. During this period, we identified all pregnant women with MS and analyzed the incidence of aortic events during pregnancy and puerperium. Results: There were 133 pregnancies in 89 women with MS (8 women with prior aortic surgery). There were no maternal deaths, but 5 women had aortic events during the third trimester and puerperium (type A dissections in 2, type B dissection in 1, and significant [≥ 3mm] aortic growth in 2). The aortic event rate was 3.7%. Pregestational aortic diameter≥ 40 mm showed a nonsignificant association with aortic events (P=.058). Fetal mortality was 3% and 37.6% of births were cesarean deliveries. Conclusions: Women with MS have an increased risk of aortic events during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester and postpartum period. Patients with MS and aortic diameters ≥40mm should be assessed in experienced centers for prophylactic aortic surgery before pregnancy. It is important to provide early diagnosis, prepregnancy study of the aorta, beta-blocker administration, and close monitoring during pregnancy, especially during the last trimester and postpartum (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Marfan Syndrome/complications , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/etiology , Risk Factors , Follow-Up StudiesABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The Spanish Registry of Acute Aortic Syndrome (RESA) was launched in 2005 to identify the characteristics of acute aortic syndrome (AAS) in Spain. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in management and mortality in the 3 RESA iterations. METHODS: We analyzed data from patients with AAS prospectively included by 24 to 30 tertiary centers during the 3 iterations of the registry: RESA I (2005-2006), RESA-II (2012-2013), and RESA III (2018-2019). RESULTS: AAS was diagnosed in 1902 patients (74% men; age, 60.7±12.5 years): 1329 (69.9%) type A and 573 (30.1%) type B. Comparison of the 3 periods revealed that the use of computed tomography increased as the first diagnostic technique (77.1%, 77.9%, and 84.2%, respectively; P=.001). In type A, surgical management increased (79.6%, 78.7%, and 84.5%; P=.045) and overall mortality decreased (41.2%, 34.5%, and 31.2%; P=.002), due to a reduction in surgical mortality (33.4%, 25.1%, and 23.9%; P=.003). In type B, endovascular treatment increased (22.8%, 32.8%, and 38.7%; P=.006), while medical and surgical treatment decreased. Overall type B mortality also decreased (21.6%, 16.1%, and 12.0%; P=.005) in line with a reduction in mortality with medical (16.8%, 13.8%, and 8.8%, P=.030) and endovascular (27.0%, 18.0%, and 9.2%; P=.009) treatments. CONCLUSIONS: The iterations of RESA show a decrease in mortality from type A AAS, coinciding with an increase in surgical treatment and a reduction in surgical mortality. In type B, the use of endovascular treatment was associated with improved survival, allowing better management in patients with complications.
Subject(s)
Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic , Aortic Dissection , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation , Endovascular Procedures , Acute Disease , Aged , Aortic Dissection/diagnosis , Aortic Dissection/surgery , Aorta , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/surgery , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Registries , Retrospective Studies , Spain/epidemiology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la capacidad diagnóstica de los signos radiológicos y su aplicabilidad para el diagnóstico de disección aórtica (DA). Establecer un valor de corte para el ensanchamiento mediastínico izquierdo en la DA y determinar su sensibilidad (S) y especificidad (E). Método: Se incluyeron 39 pacientes a los que se realizó angiotomografía de aorta torácica por sospecha clínica de DA, en un instituto cardiovascular de alta complejidad, del 1 de agosto de 2018 al 1 de febrero de 2019. Se realizaron radiografías de tórax de frente a todos los pacientes. Resultados: el 72% de los pacientes eran hombres. El promedio de edad fue de 63 años. La hipertensión arterial fue el factor de riesgo cardiovascular más común. El 43% de los pacientes tuvieron DA, el 76% fueron de tipo B. La media del ancho mediastínico máximo mostró una diferencia de 1,5 cm entre los pacientes con DA y sin DA. En cambio, la diferencia fue de 2 cm para el ancho mediastínico izquierdo. El ensanchamiento mediastínico máximo y del mediastino izquierdo fueron signos estadísticamente significativos; este último con muy buena capacidad diagnóstica (área bajo la curva: 0,84). Se calculó un punto de corte para el ancho mediastínico izquierdo de 5,39 cm (S: 82%; E: 77%). El ensanchamiento del botón aórtico, aorta ascendente/descendente o asimetría entre ambas también fueron signos estadísticamente significativos. Conclusiones: Los signos radiológicos para el diagnóstico de DA fueron validados. Se calculó un punto de corte para el ancho mediastínico izquierdo de 5,39 cm, con buena capacidad diagnóstica.
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic capacity of the radiological signs for aortic dissection (AD) and their applicability for the diagnosis, as well as to establish a cut-off value for left mediastinal width in AD and determine its sensitivity (S) and specificity (E). Method: From a high complexity cardiovascular institute, 39 patients were selected and chest X-rays were performed from August 1, 2018 to February 1, 2019. Selection criteria involved those who underwent computed tomography angiography of thoracic aorta for clinical suspicion of AD. Results: Within the sample, 72% were men (mean 63 years old), with hypertension as a most common risk factor. 43% of the patient had AD, 76% were type B. The mean maximum mediastinal width showed a difference of 1.5 cm between patients with AD and those without it. In contrast, the difference was 2 cm for the left mediastinal width. Maximum mediastinal width and left mediastinal width were statistically significant signs. Left mediastinal width presented good diagnostic capacity (area under the curve: 0.84). Cut-off point of 5.39 cm for the left mediastinal width was calculated (S: 82%; E: 77%). Finally, widening of the aortic knob, ascending/descending aorta or asymmetry between both showed to be statistically significant signs. Conclusions: Radiological signs for the diagnosis of AD was validated. Also, a cut-off point for the left mediastinal width of 5.39 cm was found with a very good diagnostic capacity.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Pregnancy in women with Marfan syndrome (MS) is associated with an increased risk of aortic events. The clinical evidence on pregnant patients with MS is limited and there is no specific consensus on their optimal management. We report our multicenter experience. METHODS: From January 2004 to January 2020, 632 patients with MS underwent periodic monitoring in Marfan units. During this period, we identified all pregnant women with MS and analyzed the incidence of aortic events during pregnancy and puerperium. RESULTS: There were 133 pregnancies in 89 women with MS (8 women with prior aortic surgery). There were no maternal deaths, but 5 women had aortic events during the third trimester and puerperium (type A dissections in 2, type B dissection in 1, and significant [≥ 3mm] aortic growth in 2). The aortic event rate was 3.7%. Pregestational aortic diameter≥ 40mm showed a nonsignificant association with aortic events (P=.058). Fetal mortality was 3% and 37.6% of births were cesarean deliveries. CONCLUSIONS: Women with MS have an increased risk of aortic events during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester and postpartum period. Patients with MS and aortic diameters ≥40mm should be assessed in experienced centers for prophylactic aortic surgery before pregnancy. It is important to provide early diagnosis, prepregnancy study of the aorta, beta-blocker administration, and close monitoring during pregnancy, especially during the last trimester and postpartum.
Subject(s)
Marfan Syndrome , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular , Aorta , Cesarean Section/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Incidence , Marfan Syndrome/complications , Marfan Syndrome/diagnosis , Marfan Syndrome/epidemiology , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: Las diversas patologías de la aorta torácica descendente, representan una implícita amenaza para la vida, y son potencialmente tratables mediante reparación endovascular. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de la reparación endovascular de la aorta torácia descendente (TEVAR). Material y Método: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y descriptivo, donde se analiza TEVAR, en un período de 10 años (2009 al 2019), en el Hospital Dr. Eduardo Pereira de Valparaíso, Chile. Resultados: Se realizó TEVAR en 31 pacientes, sexo masculino 74,2%, femenino 25,8%, edad promedio 67,8 años (rango 53-85), patologías asociadas: hipertensión arterial sistémica (77,4%), tabaquismo (67,7%) y dislipidemia (38,7%), las indicaciones para TEVAR fueron: el aneurisma de la aorta descendente (51,61%), la disección tipo B crónica complicada (29,03%), y la disección tipo B aguda complicada (19,35%), relacionado al procedimiento se evidenció: morbilidad cardiovascular (12,9%) y morbilidad neurológica (6,45%), complicaciones relacionadas a la endoprótesis (29,03%), incidencia de endofugas (19,35%), estancia hospitalaria promedio de 5,2 días (rango 3 a 17), seguimiento promedio de 47,3 meses (9-108), éxito técnico primario (100%), tasa de reintervención: 3,22%, tasa de supervivencia a 1, 3, 5 años del 96,77%, 93,54 y 90,32% respectivamente, no hubo mortalidad menor a 30 días. Discusión: La evidencia demuestra que TEVAR puede realizarse en forma segura y efectiva, cumpliendo estrictos criterios clínicos y condiciones anatómicas, representando la modalidad de elección para la reparación de las lesiones de la aorta descendente. Conclusión: Los resultados demuestran que TEVAR, representa una excelente estrategia terapeutica, menos invasiva, con baja morbilidad y mortalidad asociada.
Introduction: The pathological injuries of the descending thoracic aorta, represent an implicit threat to life, and are potentially treatable by endovascular repair. Aim: To evaluate the results of endovascular repair of the descending thoracic aorta (TEVAR) in the medium and long term. Material and Method: Observational, retrospective and descriptive study, where TEVAR is analyzed, over a period of 10 years (2009 to 2019), at the Dr. Eduardo Pereira Hospital in Valparaíso, Chile. Results: TEVAR was performed in 31 patients, male sex 74.2%, average age 67.8 years (range 53-85), symptomatic 64.5%, associated pathologies: systemic arterial hypertension (77.4%), smoking (67.7%) and dyslipidemia (38.7%), indications for endovascular repair were descending aortic aneurysm (51.61%), complicated Stanford type B chronic aortic dissection (29.03%), and complicated Stanford type B acute aortic dissection (19.35%), neurological morbidity (6.45%), cardiovascular morbidity (12.9%), complications related to the stent (29.03%), where endoleaks predominate (19.35%), average hospital stay of 5.2 days (range 3 to 17), average followup of 47.3 months (9-108), primary technical success (100%), survival rate at 1, 3, 5 years of 96.77%, 93.54 and 90.32% respectively, there was no mortality less than 30 days or reoperation. Discussion: the evidence shows that TEVAR can be performed safely and effectively, meeting strict clinical criteria and anatomical conditions, which represents the modality of choice for the repair of lesions in the descending aorta. Conclusion: The results show that TEVAR represents an excellent therapeutic strategy, less invasive, with low associated morbidity and mortality.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aorta, Thoracic/surgery , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Endovascular Procedures/methods , Aorta, Thoracic/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Objetivo Las técnicas endovasculares se han convertido en una herramienta esencial para el tratamiento de la patología de aorta torácica descendente (TEVAR). El objetivo es analizar las indicaciones y resultados del TEVAR urgente a nivel nacional en relación con la cirugía programada. Diseño y ámbito de estudio Registro multicéntrico retrospectivo de pacientes con patología de aorta torácica descendente tratados de urgencia mediante técnicas endovasculares entre los años 2012-2016 en 11 servicios clínicos. Pacientes, criterios de inclusión 1) Aneurismas de aorta torácica rotos, 2) roturas traumáticas de aorta torácica y 3) disecciones de aorta torácica tipo B (DATBc) complicadas. Variables principales Mortalidad, supervivencia y tasa de reintervenciones. Variables secundarias Datos demográficos, factores de riesgo cardiovasculares, datos específicos por indicación, datos técnicos y complicaciones postoperatorias. Resultados Se obtuvieron 135 TEVAR urgentes (111 varones, edad media 60,4 ± 16,3 años): 43 aneurismas aórticos rotos (31,9%), 54 disecciones tipo B (40%) y 32 roturas aórticas traumáticas (23,7%) y otras etiologías 4,4%. La mortalidad global a los 30 días fue del 18,5%, siendo superior en los aneurismas de aorta torácica rotos (27,9%). La supervivencia media actuarial ha sido del 67± 6% a los 5 años. La tasa de ictus postoperatoria fue del 5,2% y la tasa de isquemia medular del 5,9%. Las reintervenciones aórticas fueron necesarias en 12 pacientes (9%). Conclusiones La patología de aorta descendente urgente puede ser tratada mediante técnicas endovasculares con resultados óptimos y baja morbimortalidad, aunque ligeramente superior a los casos electivos. Este registro aporta por primera vez, información de la realidad clínica diaria del TEVAR urgente en España. (AU)
Objective Endovascular techniques have become an essential tool for the treatment of descending thoracic aortic disease (thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair [TEVAR]). The aim is to analyze the indications and outcomes of emergency TEVAR at national level in relation to elective surgery. Study design and scope A retrospective multicenter registry of patients with descending thoracic aortic disease treated on an emergency basis using endovascular techniques between 2012-2016, in 11 clinical units. Patients, inclusion criteria 1) Ruptured descending thoracic aortic aneurysms; 2) Blunt traumatic thoracic aortic injury; and 3) Complicated acute type B aortic dissections (TBADc). Primary variables Patient mortality, survival and reoperation rate. Secondary variables Demographic data, cardiovascular risk factors, specific data by indication, technical resources and postoperative complications. Results A total of 135 urgent TEVARs were included (111 men, mean age 60.4 ± 16.3 years): 43 ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysms (31.9%), 54 type B dissections (40%) and 32 traumatic aortic injuries (23.7%), and other etiologies 4.4%. The overall mortality rate at 30 days was 18.5%, and proved higher in the ruptured descending thoracic aortic aneurysms group (27.9%). The mean actuarial survival rate was 67± 6% at 5 years. The postoperative stroke rate was 5.2%, and the paraplegia rate was 5.9%. Aortic reoperations proved necessary in 12 patients (9%). Conclusions Emergency descending thoracic aortic diseases can be treated by endovascular techniques with optimal results and low morbidity and mortality though the figures are slightly higher than in elective cases. This registry provides, for the first time, real information on the daily clinical practice of emergency TEVAR in Spain. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aortic Diseases , Aorta, Thoracic/injuries , Aortic Aneurysm , Aortic Dissection , Prostheses and Implants , Mortality , Endovascular Procedures/mortality , Endovascular Procedures/rehabilitation , SpainABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Endovascular techniques have become an essential tool for the treatment of descending thoracic aortic disease (thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair [TEVAR]). The aim is to analyze the indications and outcomes of emergency TEVAR at national level in relation to elective surgery. STUDY DESIGN AND SCOPE: A retrospective multicenter registry of patients with descending thoracic aortic disease treated on an emergency basis using endovascular techniques between 2012-2016, in 11 clinical units. PATIENTS, INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1) Ruptured descending thoracic aortic aneurysms (RTAA); 2) Blunt traumatic thoracic aortic injury (TAI); and 3) Complicated acute type B aortic dissections (TBADc). PRIMARY VARIABLES: Patient mortality, survival and reoperation rate. SECONDARY VARIABLES: Demographic data, cardiovascular risk factors, specific data by indication, technical resources and postoperative complications. RESULTS: A total of 135 urgent TEVARs were included (111 men, mean age 60.4⯱â¯16.3 years): 43 ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysms (31.9%), 54 type B dissections (40%) and 32 traumatic aortic injuries (23.7%), and other etiologies 4.4%. The overall mortality rate at 30 days was 18.5%, and proved higher in the RTAA group (27.9%). The mean actuarial survival rate was 67⯱â¯6% at 5 years. The postoperative stroke rate was 5.2%, and the paraplegia rate was 5.9%. Aortic reoperations proved necessary in 12 patients (9%). CONCLUSIONS: Emergency descending thoracic aortic diseases can be treated by endovascular techniques with optimal results and low morbidity and mortality - though the figures are slightly higher than in elective cases. This registry provides, for the first time, real information on the daily clinical practice of emergency TEVAR in Spain.
Subject(s)
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation , Endovascular Procedures , Adult , Aged , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/surgery , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/adverse effects , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Acute aortic dissection is a rare but lethal cardiac disease involving the aorta and it remains a challenge to diagnose and treat. The range of clinical features is extremely variable. Neurologic symptoms are also present in rare cases but often lead to a misdiagnosis because they mimic stroke. We report a case of a 71-year-old male with aortic dissection presented with acute onset altered mental status and left arm weakness. Aortic dissection presented with neurological symptoms is rare and requires high level of suspicion, especially in cases with unusual presentation. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Stroke , Aortic Dissection/diagnosis , Aortic Dissection/therapy , Nervous System Diseases , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
RESUMEN El tratamiento de las enfermedades de la aorta torácica con la implantación percutánea de stent se viene realizando desde su aplicación, por primera vez, a principios del siglo XX. Se presenta un paciente de 79 años de edad que fue llevado a urgencias con intenso dolor de espalda posterior a un accidente automovilístico, a quien se le realizó tomografía computarizada y se le diagnosticó una disección aórtica tipo III de DeBakey. Se le implantó un stent endovascular autoexpandible de nitinol (Talent Stent Graft, Medtronic) en la aorta descendente, donde comenzaba el segmento disecado. Este procedimiento es un método eficaz para prevenir la isquemia de órganos y la ruptura vascular en las enfermedades traumáticas de la aorta. Es menos invasivo, tiene menos complicaciones que el tratamiento quirúrgico, y es efectivo para restituir el flujo sanguíneo de forma rápida y segura.
ABSTRACT The applications of thoracic aorta pathologies with a stent graft percutaneously have been performed for the first time since the beginning of the 20th century. Computed tomography was performed on a 79-year-old patient who was brought to the emergency room due to an in-vehicle traffic accident with severe back pain, and DeBakey type III aortic dissection was determined. An endovascular self-expanding nitinol stent (Talent Stent Graft, Medtronic) was implanted in the descending aorta where the dissected segment begins. Stent graft implantation is an effective method in preventing organ ischemia and rupture in traumatic aortic pathologies. This procedure is less invasive and has less complication than surgical approach. It is effective in providing blood flow quickly and safely.
Subject(s)
Diagnostic Imaging , Self Expandable Metallic Stents , Aortic DissectionABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Endovascular techniques have become an essential tool for the treatment of descending thoracic aortic disease (thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair [TEVAR]). The aim is to analyze the indications and outcomes of emergency TEVAR at national level in relation to elective surgery. STUDY DESIGN AND SCOPE: A retrospective multicenter registry of patients with descending thoracic aortic disease treated on an emergency basis using endovascular techniques between 2012-2016, in 11 clinical units. PATIENTS, INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1) Ruptured descending thoracic aortic aneurysms; 2) Blunt traumatic thoracic aortic injury; and 3) Complicated acute type B aortic dissections (TBADc). PRIMARY VARIABLES: Patient mortality, survival and reoperation rate. SECONDARY VARIABLES: Demographic data, cardiovascular risk factors, specific data by indication, technical resources and postoperative complications. RESULTS: A total of 135 urgent TEVARs were included (111 men, mean age 60.4 ± 16.3 years): 43 ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysms (31.9%), 54 type B dissections (40%) and 32 traumatic aortic injuries (23.7%), and other etiologies 4.4%. The overall mortality rate at 30 days was 18.5%, and proved higher in the ruptured descending thoracic aortic aneurysms group (27.9%). The mean actuarial survival rate was 67± 6% at 5 years. The postoperative stroke rate was 5.2%, and the paraplegia rate was 5.9%. Aortic reoperations proved necessary in 12 patients (9%). CONCLUSIONS: Emergency descending thoracic aortic diseases can be treated by endovascular techniques with optimal results and low morbidity and mortality - though the figures are slightly higher than in elective cases. This registry provides, for the first time, real information on the daily clinical practice of emergency TEVAR in Spain.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction: chest pain is a common presentation in the emergency department environment. Although most cases of chest pain that present in the emergency department are eventually diagnosed as non-cardiovascular aetiology, it is important to exclude acute life-threatening conditions such as acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, visceral perforation and aortic dissection. This publication aims to show the importance of CT Angiography in the diagnosis of this disease and to review the updated bibliography. Case presentation: 45-year-old male patient with onset of chest pain and arterial hypertension, on CT angiography. Discussion: a type B aortic dissection was performed according to Stanford and type III according to the DeBakey classification, the patient was stabilized, cared for by a cardiologist, and referred to a tertiary hospital. Aortic dissection is a disease to consider in young patients who complain of sudden chest pain, hypertension, mainly if the D-dimer is altered; Conclusions: aortic dissection is a disease with a high risk of mortality that must be treated early; the most important radiological study in the diagnosis is CT angiography, the most common clinical presentation is atypical chest pain.
RESUMEN Introducción: el dolor de pecho es una presentación común en el entorno del departamento de emergencias. Si bien la mayoría de los casos de dolor torácico que se presentan en el servicio de urgencias finalmente se diagnostican como de etiología no cardiovascular, es importante excluir afecciones agudas que pongan en peligro la vida, como infarto agudo de miocardio, embolia pulmonar, perforación visceral y disección aórtica. Esta publicación tiene como objetivo mostrar la importancia de Angio TAC en el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad y revisar la bibliografía actualizada. Presentación de caso: paciente masculino de 45 años con inicio de dolor torácico e hipertensión arterial, en el angio TC. Discusión: se realizó una disección aórtica tipo B según Stanford y tipo III según clasificación DeBakey, el paciente fue estabilizado, atendido por un cardiólogo, y derivado a un hospital terciario. La disección aórtica es una enfermedad a tener en cuenta en pacientes jóvenes que se quejan de dolor torácico brusco, hipertensión arterial, principalmente si el dímero D está alterado; Conclusiones: la disección aórtica es una enfermedad de alto riesgo de mortalidad que debe tratarse temprano; el estudio radiológico más importante en el diagnóstico es el Angio TAC, la presentación clínica más común es el dolor torácico atípico.
RESUMO Introdução: a dor torácica é uma apresentação comum no ambiente de pronto-socorro. Embora a maioria dos casos de dor no peito que se apresentam no departamento de emergência sejam eventualmente diagnosticados como de etiologia não cardiovascular, é importante excluir condições agudas de risco de vida, como infarto agudo do miocárdio, embolia pulmonar, perfuração visceral e dissecção aórtica. Esta publicação tem como objetivo mostrar a importância da angiotomografia no diagnóstico desta doença e revisar a bibliografia atualizada. Apresentação do caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 45 anos, com quadro de dor torácica e hipertensão arterial, à angiotomografia. Discussão: foi realizada dissecção aórtica tipo B de acordo com Stanford e tipo III de acordo com a classificação de DeBakey, o paciente foi estabilizado, atendido por cardiologista e encaminhado para hospital terciário. A dissecção da aorta é uma doença a ser considerada em pacientes jovens que se queixam de dor torácica súbita, hipertensão, principalmente se o dímero D estiver alterado; Conclusões: a dissecção aórtica é uma doença de alto risco de mortalidade que deve ser tratada precocemente; o estudo radiológico mais importante para o diagnóstico é a angiotomografia, a apresentação clínica mais comum é a dor torácica atípica.
ABSTRACT
Aortic dissection is one of the three types of acute aortic syndromes, which has a determined mortality rate according to its type. Improvement in survival is possible through diagnostic and treatment advances. However, a great number of these patients frequently experience physical and mental disability after hospital discharge. Thus, we report a case of a woman with aortic dissection diagnosis, who joined a supervised physical training program and a brief review of evidence, demonstrating benefits and safety of cardiac rehabilitation in this pathology.
La disección aórtica es uno de los tres tipos de los síndromes aórticos agudos, que tienen una tasa de mortalidad determinada según su tipo. La mejora en la supervivencia es posible debido a los avances en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento. Sin embargo, un gran número de estos pacientes, con frecuencia experimentan discapacidad física y mental después del alta hospitalaria. Por lo tanto, se presenta el caso de una mujer con diagnóstico de Disección Aórtica, que se incorporó a un programa de entrenamiento físico supervisado, así como, una breve revisión de la evidencia, demostrando los beneficios y la seguridad de la rehabilitación cardíaca en pacientes con esta patología.