ABSTRACT
Acute erythroid leukemia (AML M6) is a hematopoietic neoplasm frequently described in cats and mice, rarely in other animal species. This report describes a case of AML M6 in a yearling Thoroughbred filly. Clinically the horse presented marked pale mucous membranes and exercise intolerance. In addition, the owner and referring veterinarian reported a 30-day history of progressive weight loss. The CBC revealed severe anemia and leukopenia by neutropenia. Cytology evaluation obtained from bone marrow fine needle aspirates evidenced inversion of the myeloid: erythroid ratio (0.2), with 48% of the nucleated cells corresponding to rubriblasts. In addition to the gross evidence of anemia, necropsy findings consisted of splenomegaly and lymphadenomegaly. The diagnosis of AML M6B was confirmed histologically due to splenomegaly and lymphadenomegaly, secondary to neoplastic metastasization.(AU)
Leucemia eritroide aguda (LMA M6) é um neoplasia hematopoiética descrita com frequência em gatos e camundongos, mas raramente nas demais espécies de animais. Esse relato descreve um caso dessa doença em um equino, fêmea, Puro Sangue Inglês de um ano de idade. Clinicamente, o equino apresentou acentuada palidez das mucosas, intolerância ao exercício e o proprietário relatava emagrecimento progressivo. No hemograma, foi observada anemia grave e leucopenia por neutropenia. No mielograma, havia inversão da relação mieloide:eritroide (0,2) e 48% das células nucleadas da medula óssea correspondiam a rubriblastos. Na necropsia, além de evidências de anemia, havia esplenomegalia e linfadenomegalia. O diagnóstico de LMA M6B foi confirmado histologicamente e o aumento do baço e dos linfonodos foi decorrente de metastatização.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Horse Diseases , Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/diagnosis , Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/veterinary , Erythroid Cells/pathologyABSTRACT
Acute erythroid leukemia (AML M6) is a hematopoietic neoplasm frequently described in cats and mice, rarely in other animal species. This report describes a case of AML M6 in a yearling Thoroughbred filly. Clinically the horse presented marked pale mucous membranes and exercise intolerance. In addition, the owner and referring veterinarian reported a 30-day history of progressive weight loss. The CBC revealed severe anemia and leukopenia by neutropenia. Cytology evaluation obtained from bone marrow fine needle aspirates evidenced inversion of the myeloid: erythroid ratio (0.2), with 48% of the nucleated cells corresponding to rubriblasts. In addition to the gross evidence of anemia, necropsy findings consisted of splenomegaly and lymphadenomegaly. The diagnosis of AML M6B was confirmed histologically due to splenomegaly and lymphadenomegaly, secondary to neoplastic metastasization.
Leucemia eritroide aguda (LMA M6) é um neoplasia hematopoiética descrita com frequência em gatos e camundongos, mas raramente nas demais espécies de animais. Esse relato descreve um caso dessa doença em um equino, fêmea, Puro Sangue Inglês de um ano de idade. Clinicamente, o equino apresentou acentuada palidez das mucosas, intolerância ao exercício e o proprietário relatava emagrecimento progressivo. No hemograma, foi observada anemia grave e leucopenia por neutropenia. No mielograma, havia inversão da relação mieloide:eritroide (0,2) e 48% das células nucleadas da medula óssea correspondiam a rubriblastos. Na necropsia, além de evidências de anemia, havia esplenomegalia e linfadenomegalia. O diagnóstico de LMA M6B foi confirmado histologicamente e o aumento do baço e dos linfonodos foi decorrente de metastatização.
ABSTRACT
Background: Leukemias are malign neoplasias of the hematopoietic precursor cells from the bone marrow. These neoplastic cells may or may not reach the blood circulation. Leukemias are classified as lymphoid or myeloid depending on the leukocyte cell lineage affected. In addition, leukemias are classified as either acute or chronic based on their cellular differentiation and proliferative aggressiveness. The leukemias from lymphoid cells that affect dogs include acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This paper describes the clinical and laboratorial findings of a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a female dog. Case: A seven-year-old female mixed-breed dog was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, for apathy, anorexia, weakness and weight loss. The clinical examination confirmed the apathy and weakness. The mucous membranes were pale, the body temperature was 40.5°C, the heart rate was 120 bpm, the capillary refill time was 2 s, and no abnormalities were found on auscultation. Diagnostic laboratory tests were completed, including a serum test for canine leishmaniasis, a serum biochemistry panel, a complete blood cell count, and a bone marrow analysis. The canine leishmaniasis serology (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect fluorescent-antibody test) was negative. The serum biochemistry panel revealed an increased level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST - 56.0 U/l), hypocalcemia (6.9 mg/dL), hypoalbuminemia (1.91 g/dL), hypobetaglobulinemia (0.51 g/dL), hypergammaglobulinemia (2.91 g/dL), and a decreased albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio (0.41). The observed hematological changes included a normocytic normochromic anemia (RBC = 2.55 x 106/mm³ , hemoglobina = 5.8 g/dL, PCV = 18%), leukocytosis (332,800/mm³) with a left shift (3,328/mm³), eosinopenia (0), monocytosis (6,656/mm³), lymphocytosis (89,856/mm³) with a pronounced presence of lymphoblasts (226,304/mm³) and thrombocytopenia (10 x 103/mm³). The blood smear evaluation revealed anisocytosis, polychromasia, hypochromia, giant platelets, smudge cells and lymphoid cells showing predominantly cytoplasmic basophilia, coarse nuclear chromatin, atypical nucleoli, asynchrony of cell maturation and degenerative cytoplasmic vacuolization, and lymphocytes with donut-shaped nuclei. The analysis of a sternal-puncture bone marrow sample revealed that the bone marrow was diffusely occupied by neoplasic lymphoblasts. Discussion: The anemia and thrombocytopenia observed in this female dog can be attributed to the growth of neoplastic cells in the bone marrow. Another finding was the presence of smudge cells, which are broken degenerated leukocytes, and the presence of these cells in large numbers has been described in humans with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The observed hypoalbuminemia, hypergammaglobulinemia and reduced A/G ratio are probably due to the infl ammatory process stimulated by the leukemia. In fact, albumin is a negative acute phase protein, while an increased production of antibodies results in the increased γ-globulins. The prognosis for acute lymphoblastic leukemia is grave, as it is typically rapidly fatal. In humans, the occurrence of hypocalcemia and large number of smudge cells in cases of acute leukemia indicates a worse prognosis. In fact, this patient died one week after her clinical presentation.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Dogs , Dog Diseases/blood , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology , Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/veterinary , Myeloproliferative Disorders/diagnosis , DogsABSTRACT
Background: Leukemias are malign neoplasias of the hematopoietic precursor cells from the bone marrow. These neoplastic cells may or may not reach the blood circulation. Leukemias are classifi ed as lymphoid or myeloid depending on the leukocyte cell lineage affected. In addition, leukemias are classifi ed as either acute or chronic based on their cellular differentiation and proliferative aggressiveness. The leukemias from lymphoid cells that affect dogs include acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This paper describes the clinical and laboratorial findings of a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a female dog.Case: A seven-year-old female mixed-breed dog was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, for apathy, anorexia, weakness and weight loss. The clinical examination confirmed the apathy and weakness. The mucous membranes were pale, the body temperature was 40.5C, the heart rate was 120 bpm, the capillary refi ll time was 2 s, and no abnormalities were found on auscultation. Diagnostic laboratory tests were completed, including a serum test for canine leishmaniasis, a serum biochemistry panel, a complete blood cell count, and a bone marrow analysis. The canine leishmaniasis serology (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect fl uorescent-a
Background: Leukemias are malign neoplasias of the hematopoietic precursor cells from the bone marrow. These neoplastic cells may or may not reach the blood circulation. Leukemias are classifi ed as lymphoid or myeloid depending on the leukocyte cell lineage affected. In addition, leukemias are classifi ed as either acute or chronic based on their cellular differentiation and proliferative aggressiveness. The leukemias from lymphoid cells that affect dogs include acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This paper describes the clinical and laboratorial fi ndings of a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a female dog.Case: A seven-year-old female mixed-breed dog was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, for apathy, anorexia, weakness and weight loss. The clinical examination confirmed the apathy and weakness. The mucous membranes were pale, the body temperature was 40.5C, the heart rate was 120 bpm, the capillary refi ll time was 2 s, and no abnormalities were found on auscultation. Diagnostic laboratory tests were completed, including a serum test for canine leishmaniasis, a serum biochemistry panel, a complete blood cell count, and a bone marrow analysis. The canine leishmaniasis serology (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect fl uorescent-
ABSTRACT
Background: Leukemias are malign neoplasias of the hematopoietic precursor cells from the bone marrow. These neoplastic cells may or may not reach the blood circulation. Leukemias are classifi ed as lymphoid or myeloid depending on the leukocyte cell lineage affected. In addition, leukemias are classifi ed as either acute or chronic based on their cellular differentiation and proliferative aggressiveness. The leukemias from lymphoid cells that affect dogs include acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This paper describes the clinical and laboratorial findings of a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a female dog.Case: A seven-year-old female mixed-breed dog was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, for apathy, anorexia, weakness and weight loss. The clinical examination confirmed the apathy and weakness. The mucous membranes were pale, the body temperature was 40.5C, the heart rate was 120 bpm, the capillary refi ll time was 2 s, and no abnormalities were found on auscultation. Diagnostic laboratory tests were completed, including a serum test for canine leishmaniasis, a serum biochemistry panel, a complete blood cell count, and a bone marrow analysis. The canine leishmaniasis serology (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect fl uorescent-a
Background: Leukemias are malign neoplasias of the hematopoietic precursor cells from the bone marrow. These neoplastic cells may or may not reach the blood circulation. Leukemias are classifi ed as lymphoid or myeloid depending on the leukocyte cell lineage affected. In addition, leukemias are classifi ed as either acute or chronic based on their cellular differentiation and proliferative aggressiveness. The leukemias from lymphoid cells that affect dogs include acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This paper describes the clinical and laboratorial fi ndings of a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a female dog.Case: A seven-year-old female mixed-breed dog was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, for apathy, anorexia, weakness and weight loss. The clinical examination confirmed the apathy and weakness. The mucous membranes were pale, the body temperature was 40.5C, the heart rate was 120 bpm, the capillary refi ll time was 2 s, and no abnormalities were found on auscultation. Diagnostic laboratory tests were completed, including a serum test for canine leishmaniasis, a serum biochemistry panel, a complete blood cell count, and a bone marrow analysis. The canine leishmaniasis serology (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect fl uorescent-
ABSTRACT
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A síndrome hipereosinofílica idiopática (SHI) é uma desordem mieloproliferativa rara, marcada pela contínua superprodução de eosinófilos, ocasionando lesões em órgãos específicos, incluindo o coração. O diagnóstico é definido pela combinação de eosinofilia prolongada inexplicada e evidência de envolvimento sistêmico. O objetivo deste estudo foi discutir um caso típico desta doença, enfatizando seus aspectos clínicos, evolutivos e terapêuticos com o intuito de divulgar e ressaltar a importância da investigação de eosinofilias persistentes sem causa aparente.RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, 54 anos, com sintomas neurológicos agudos, associados à eosinofilia há mais de seis meses e cardiomiopatia por infiltração eosinofílica. Após o diagnóstico de SHI foi instituído tratamento com corticoides, com boa resposta.CONCLUSÃO: É importante alertar a população médica para a necessidade da investigação de eosinofilias persistentes. Tratando-se de SHI, o diagnóstico e a terapêutica precoce melhoram a sobrevida, qualidade de vida ou até mesmo podem promover remissão desta doença rara.(AU)
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (IHS) is a rare mieloproliferative disorder, marked by a sustained overproduction of eosinophils and damage to specific organs, including the heart. The syndrome is defined by the combination of unexplained prolonged eosinophilia and evidence of organ involvement. The objective of this study was to discuss a typical case of IHS, emphasizing its clinical, evolutives and therapeutical aspects and focusing the importance of exclude this disease in patients with persistent eosinophilias without a clear cause.CASE REPORT: Male patient, 54 years old, with acute neurological symptoms, persistent eosinophilia for more than six months and cardiomiopathy secondary to eosinophilic infiltration. After the diagnosis of IHS, he was treated with corticosteroids, with a good response.CONCLUSION: It's important to alert the medical population about the evaluation of the causes of persistent eosinophilias. In the case of IHS, the early diagnosis and treatment improves the survival, quality of life or in some cases it can promote remission of this rare disease.(AU)