Effects of industrial-scale pickling processes on the dynamic changes in the physicochemical indicators and microbial diversities of Yacai.

The effects of dry-salted and salt-fermented processing on the physicochemical characteristics and microbial communities of Yacai were systematically investigated. The results showed that the contents of total acid, amino acid nitrogen (AAN) and nitrite in the final products of dry-salted Yacai were greater than those in salt-fermented Yacai. Lactic acid was the dominant organic acid in the two types of Yacai. Dry-salted processing is more conducive to forming a high-quality reddish-brown color. During whole pickling process, the microbial diversity of dry-salted Yacai was higher than that of salt-fermented Yacai, particularly in the early and middle stages of fermentation. For dry-salted Yacai, 8 bacteria (Natribacillus, Chromohalobacter, Marinococcus, Lentibacillus, Nesterenkonia, Gracilibacillus, Oceanobacillus and Tetragenococcus) and 1 fungus (Zygosaccharomyces) showed a significant positive correlation with AAN. For salt-fermented Yacai, 8 bacteria (Gracilibacillus, Alkalibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus, Lentibacillus, Salibacterium, Chromohalobacter and Tetragenococcus) and 3 fungi (Zygosaccharomyces, Millerozyma, and Wickerhamomyces) exhibited significant positive correlations with AAN.

On clinical nurses' views about diversities- A qualitative study.

It is a must for nurses to provide healthcare to people from diverse cultures, ethnicities, religions, and genders. This descriptive qualitative study aimed to explore nurses' approaches to various people. The study collected data via semi-structured interviews and contacted 40 nurses through snowball sampling. Most nurses were between the ages of 25-40 and female, 22 of them had postgraduate degrees, and 18 had undergraduate degrees in nursing. Only 10 of them had received special training related to diversity. MaxQda software program was used for content analyses, and four basic themes were determined respectively, "Nurses' perceptions of diversity," "Nurses' perceptions of diversity towards patients," "Nurses' perceptions of diversity towards healthcare professionals," and "Nurses' perceptions of diverse towards the institution." Participant nurses mainly revealed that although legal and organizational procedures aimed to prevent discriminative attitudes in clinical environments, discriminatory attitudes of nurses and healthcare professionals toward diverse people still occurred.

Exploring optimal incubation conditions and characteristics of methane oxidizing organisms in deep-sea environments.

Anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) play key roles in buffering the methane budget in the deep-sea environment. This study aimed to explore the optimal environmental conditions for ANME enrichment. The result showed that the sample at 10.5 MPa contained the largest copy numbers of methyl-coenzyme M reductase alpha subunit (mcrA) gene (1.1 × 106 copies/g) compared to any other pressures and the sample at 4 °C contained higher mcrA gene (1.6 × 106 copies/g) than other temperatures. The optimal enrichment pressure for ANME-2c is 10.5 MPa at 4 °C, with an optimal subsequent incubation for ANME-2c less than 211days. Moreover, the beta nearest taxon index was significantly correlated with the incubation time (P<0.05). Total inorganic carbon and sulfate ion were key environmental factors driving community construction. This study offers insights into how ANME-2c was enriched and how species coexist in shared habitats during enrichment.

De devenires subjetivantes y capturas identitarias en las adolescencias. Sobre la construcción de las diversidades sexuales y de género / Of subjectivating becomings and identity captures in adolescence. On the construction of sexual and gender / Sur les évolutions subjectives et les captures identitaires à l'adolescence. Sur la construction des diversités sexuelles et de genre / Sobre desenvolvimentos subjetivos e capturas de identidade na adolescência. Sobre a construção das diversidades sexuais e de género

La posibilidad de la articulación conceptual de las preguntas que nos atraviesan, proviene y se sostiene de las prácticas que ejercemos, es desde mi propia clínica que voy a plantear algunas ideas que vengo pensando en relación a ¿cómo se despliegan actualmente, en el análisis de algunos adolescentes, la construcción de las diversidades sexuales y de género? A veces e presentan como oportunidades subjetivantes y otras como capturas identitarias que quedan en ocasiones adheridas a etiquetas diagnósticas. Hace tiempo que insisto en una designación que considero pertinente y que permite ubicarse en la clínica de nuestros tiempos: la de Adolescencias Complejas. No porque haya algunas que lo son y otras que no, sino como una puesta en valor de la noción de complejidad, imprescindible para comprender la clínica actual AU

The possibility of conceptual articulation of the questions that cross us comes from and is sustained by the practices that we exercise. From my own clinic, I am going to raise some ideas that I have been thinking about in relation to how they are currently deployed, in the analysis ofsome adolescents, the construction of sexual and gender diversities? Sometimes they present themselves as subjectivizing opportunities, and other times as identity captures that sometimes remain attached to diagnostic labels.For some time now I have insisted on a designation that I consider pertinent and that allows us to place ourselves in the clinic of our times: Complex Adolescence. Not because there are some that are and others that are not, but as an enhancement of the notion of complexity, essential to understand current clinical practice AU

La possibilité d'une articulation conceptuelle des questions qui nous traversent vient et est soutenue par les pratiques que nous exerçons depuis ma propre clinique, je vais évoquer quelques idées auxquelles j'ai réfléchi par rapport à la manière dont elles se déploient actuellement, dans l'analyse de certains adolescents, la construction des diversités sexuelles et de genre? Parfois, ils se présentent comme des opportunités de subjectivation, et d'autres fois comme des captures d'identité qui restent parfois attachées à des étiquettes diagnostiques.Depuis quelques temps j'insiste sur une appellation que je considère pertinente et qui permet de se situer dans la clinique de notre époque:l'Adolescence Complexe. Non pas parce qu'il y en a qui le sont et d'autres qui ne le sont pas, mais comme une valorisation de la notion de complexité, essentielle pour comprendre la pratique clinique actuelle AU

A possibilidade de articulação conceitual das questões que nos atravessam advém e é sustentada pelas práticas que exercemos. Da minha própria clínica, vou levantar algumas ideias que tenho pensado em relação à forma como são implementadas atualmente, na análise de alguns adolescentes, a construção dasdiversidades sexuais e de gênero? Às vezes apresentam-se como oportunidades subjetivantes e outras vezes como capturas de identidade que por vezes permanecem ligadas a rótulos diagnósticos.Há já algum tempo que insisto numa designação que considero pertinente e que nos permite situar-nos na clínica do nosso tempo: Adolescência Complexa. Não porque há uns que o são e outros que não o são, mas como um reforço da noção de complexidade, essencial para a compreensão da prática clínica atual AU

Developing the E. coli platform for efficient production of UMP-derived chemicals.

5-Methyluridine (5-MU) is a prominent intermediate for industrial synthesis of several antiviral-drugs, however, its availability over the past decades has overwhelmingly relied on chemical and enzymatic strategies. Here, we have realized efficient production of 5-MU in E. coli, for the first time, via a designer artificial pathway consisting of a two-enzyme cascade (UMP 5-methylase and phosphatase). More importantly, we have engineered the E. coli cell factory to boost 5-MU production by systematic evaluation of multiple strategies, and as a proof of concept, we have further developed an antibiotic-free fermentation strategy to realize 5-MU production (10.71 g/L) in E. coli MB229 (a ΔthyA strain). Remarkably, we have also established a versatile and robust platform with exploitation of the engineered E. coli for efficient production of diversified UMP-derived chemicals. This study paves the way for future engineering of E. coli as a synthetic biology platform for acceleratively accessing UMP-derived chemical diversities.

Informal caregiver and nurse perceptions of access to culturally appropriate health care for ethnic minority persons with dementia: A qualitative study.

AIMS: This study explored what informal caregivers of ethnic minority (EM) persons with dementia in the Netherlands perceive as culturally accessible health care and nurses' perceptions of how cultural competence can be improved to facilitate access to health care for EM persons with dementia and their informal caregivers. DESIGN: Qualitative description research with semi-structured individual interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). METHODS: Semi-structured interviews with 15 nurses and 6 informal caregivers provided input for two FGDs with nurses about the need to strengthen their cultural competence to improve access to health care for EM persons with dementia and their informal caregivers. Interview data were collected between September 2020 and April 2021 in the Netherlands. Focus group discussion data were collected between June and September 2021 in the Netherlands. RESULTS: Nurses and informal caregivers experienced difficulty building and maintaining a relationship. Contrary to informal caregivers' experiences, nurses felt a shared cultural background with the persons with dementia and informal caregiver is necessary. Although nurses acknowledged the importance of cultural knowledge, cultural skills, in particular, were mentioned as needing improvement. Examples are mapping involved family members and their roles, asking the right questions and letting go of personal judgements. Nurses frequently mentioned stereotypical thinking and seeing 'the other' as different, and collaboration with(in) family proved difficult for informal caregivers and nurses. CONCLUSION: Strengthening cultural skills will contribute to facilitating better access to cultural appropriate health care for EM persons with dementia and their informal caregivers. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution. IMPACT: This study explores what is perceived as culturally accessible health care and what nurses need to improve their cultural competence. We show that strengthening nurses' cultural competence by addressing which skills should be improved can improve access to health care for EM persons with dementia and their informal caregivers.

Gender and sex in eating disorders: A narrative review of the current state of knowledge, research gaps, and recommendations.

INTRODUCTION: Eating disorders (EDs) have long been considered conditions exclusively affecting women, and studies in the ED field regularly exclude men. Research efforts are needed to better understand the role of gender and sex in EDs. This review describes the role of gender and sex in the development of EDs from a biopsychosocial perspective. METHODS: The primary hypothesis of this narrative review is that gender and sex interact to influence ED risk. The literature review was conducted using the PubMed database. RESULTS: This review first presents the general characteristics and prevalence of EDs according to gender and sex. Next, neurodevelopmental processes, neurobiology, gender roles, body image, and the minority stress model are addressed. Lastly, research perspectives to better include gender and sex in the field of EDs are discussed (e.g., representation of gender and sex diversities, development of appropriate assessment tools, and increasing awareness). CONCLUSION: Although substantial knowledge gaps remain, there is a growing recognition of the importance of integrating gender and sex in ED research that holds promise for further development in the field.

Community assemblages and species coexistence of prokaryotes controlled by local environmental heterogeneity in a cold seep water column.

The distribution and heterogeneity characteristics of microbial communities in cold seep water columns are significant factors governing the efficiency of methane filtering and carbon turnover. However, this process is poorly understood. The diversity of vertically stratified microbial communities and the factors controlling the community assemblage process in the water column above the Haima cold seep were investigated in this study. The prokaryotic community diversities varied distinctly with vertical changes in hydrochemistry. Cyanobacteria dominated the light-transmitting layers and Proteobacteria dominated the deeper layers. With respect to microbial community assemblages and co-occurrence networks, stochastic processes were particularly important in shaping prokaryotic communities. In the shallow (≥85 m) and mesopelagic water columns (600-800 m), microbial community characteristics were affected by deterministic processes, reduced network connectivity, and modularity. Microbial community diversities and assemblage processes along a vertical profile were influenced by the vertical variations in pH, temperature, DIC, and nutrients. Stochastic processes may have facilitated the formation of complex co-occurrence networks. Briefly, the distribution of local environmental heterogeneity along the vertical dimension could drive unique microbial community assemblage and species coexistence patterns. This study provides new perspectives on how microorganisms adapt to the environment and build communities, and how species coexist in shared habitats.

Ciliate Microtubule Diversities: Insights from the EFBTU3 Tubulin in the Antarctic Ciliate Euplotes focardii.

Protozoans of the Phylum Ciliophora (ciliates) assemble many diverse microtubular structures in a single cell throughout the life cycle, a feature that made them useful models to study microtubule complexity and the role of tubulin isotypes. In the Antarctic ciliate Euplotes focardii we identified five ß-tubulin isotypes by genome sequencing, named EFBTU1, EFBTU2, EFBTU3, EFBTU4 and EFBTU5. By using polyclonal antibodies directed against EFBTU2/EFBTU1 and EFBTU3, we show that the former isotypes appear to be involved in the formation of all microtubular structures and are particularly abundant in cilia, whereas the latter specifically localizes at the bases of cilia. By RNA interference (RNAi) technology, we silenced the EFBTU3 gene and provided evidence that this isotype has a relevant role in cilia regeneration upon deciliation and in cell division. These results support the long-standing concept that tubulin isotypes possess functional specificity in building diverse microtubular structures.

Low-head dams induce biotic homogenization/differentiation of fish assemblages in subtropical streams.

Extensive distribution of widespread species and the loss of native species driven by anthropogenic disturbances modify community similarity, resulting in a decrease or increase in community distinctiveness. Data from four basins in the Wannan Mountains, China, were used to evaluate the effects of low-head dams on patterns of fish faunal homogenization and differentiation based on abundance data. We aimed to examine the spatial changes in taxonomic and functional similarities of fish assemblages driven by low-head dams and to examine whether the changes in the similarity of fish assemblages differed between taxonomic and functional components. We found that low-head dams significantly decreased the mean taxonomic similarity but increased the mean functional similarity of fish assemblages in impoundments using abundance-based approaches, suggesting that taxonomic differentiation accompanied functional homogenization in stream fish assemblages. These results show the importance of population abundance in structuring fish faunal homogenization and differentiation at small scales, especially when the major differences among assemblages are in species abundance ranks rather than species identities. Additionally, we also found only a weak positive correlation between changes in mean taxonomic and functional similarities, and partial pairs exhibited considerable variation in patterns of fish faunal homogenization and differentiation for taxonomic and functional components. In conclusion, this study highlighted that the observed taxonomic differentiation of current fish assemblages (short-term phenomenon) is probably an early warning sign of further homogenization in regions where native species are completely predominated and that changes in taxonomic similarity cannot be used to predict changes in functional similarity.

The untapped potential of spermidine alkaloids: Sources, structures, bioactivities and syntheses.

Spermidine alkaloids are a kind of natural products possessing an aliphatic triamine structure with three or four methylene groups between two N-atoms. Spermidine alkaloids exist in plants, microorganisms, and marine organisms, which usually form amide structures with cinnamic acid or fatty acid derivatives. Their unique structures showed a wide range of biological activities such as neuroprotective, anti-aging, anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial. In order to better understand the research status of spermidine alkaloids and promote their applications in human health, this paper systematically reviewed the biological sources, structures, pharmacological actions, and synthetic processes of spermidine alkaloids over the past two decades. This will help to open up new pharmacological investigation fields and better drug design based on these spermidine alkaloids.

Molecular dynamics simulations of the conformational plasticity in the active pocket of salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) multi-state binding with bosutinib.

The kinase domain is highly conserved among protein kinases 'in terms of both sequence and structure. Conformational rearrangements of the kinase domain are affected by the phosphorylation of residues and the binding of kinase inhibitors. Interestingly, the conformational rearrangement of the active pocket plays an important role in kinase activity and can be used to design novel kinase inhibitors. We characterized the conformational plasticity of the active pocket when bosutinib was bound to salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) using homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations. Ten different initial complex models were constructed using the Morph server, ranging from open to closed conformations of SIK2 binding with bosutinib. Our simulation showed that bosutinib binds SIK2 with up or down conformations of the P-loop and with all the conformations of the activation loop. In addition, the αC-helix conformation was induced by the conformation of the activation loop, and the salt bridge formed only with its open conformation. The binding affinity of the models was also determined using the molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area method. Bosutinib was found to form a strong binding model with SIK2 and hydrophobic interactions were the dominant factor. This discovery may help guide the design of novel SIK2 inhibitors.

Plant Interaction Patterns Shape the Soil Microbial Community and Nutrient Cycling in Different Intercropping Scenarios of Aromatic Plant Species.

Intercropping systems improve the soil nutrient cycle through microbial community activity and then land productivity. However, their interactions mechanism underlying that the mixed aromatic plant species intercropping regulate the soil microbiome and nutrient cycling on the perennial woody orchard is still uncovered. We designed treatments with 0, 1, and 3 aromatic plant species intercropped in two scenarios of clean tillage (T model, T1, T2, and T4) and natural grass (G model, G1, G2, and G4) in apple orchards, and investigated intercrops effects at the branch growing stage (BGS) and fruit development stage (FDS), respectively. Compared with T model, G model in FDS increased alpha diversity of bacterial community and Shannon index fungal community, the relative abundance of dominant taxa, such as Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria, and also the numbers of up and down-regulated OTUs, the most of indices of co-occurrence network in both bacterial and fungal community, and then improved invertase activity and available nitrogen content. Relative to G1, G2 and G4 reduced diversity bacterial community in FDS, the relative abundance of dominant taxa, the most of indices of co-occurrence network, and then improved soil invertase activity and total phosphorus content in soil. Moreover, Shannon index of fungal community, the altered number of OTUs and the most indices of co-occurrence network were higher in G4 than those in G2 in FDS. These changes above in FDS were more markedly than those in BGS, suggesting that chemical diversity of litter from mixed species of aromatic plants in natural grass scenario led to diversity, complexity, and stability of soil microbial community and then nutrient cycling. It provided a novel highlight and method to modulate biocenosis and then improve the soil nutrient cycling.

Understanding Cross-Cultural Differences in Conceptualizing International Trade Patterns: A Neuroeconomic Perspective.

Neuroeconomics has been seldom used in investigating the impact of culture on international trade. This research proposes a scientific approach to investigate how cross-cultural differences contribute to the conceptualization of international trade patterns globally. International business relations are directly influenced by factors such as cultural variations which distinguish one foreign market from another. Therefore, the level of understanding these cultural differences is able to determine the success or not of business opportunities. In response to the scarcity of scientific investigation of cultural influence on international trade, the purpose of this study is to propose a neuroeconomic framework as a strategic instrument to elucidate the cross-cultural dimension of international commercial relations. Echoing this, our study uses cultural diversities and cognitive classifications established in literature to adopt a unique scientific tool for the conceptualization of international trade patterns across the world. This research establishes the cognitive mechanism of cross-cultural diversity, as a novel framework to conceptualize international trade patterns. By unveiling the cognitive process of cross-cultural diversity, this article provides an instrument to unlock trade barriers of individualism and collectivism across nations.

The Gut Microbiota in Liver Transplantation Recipients During the Perioperative Period.

Background: Chronic liver disease is a global problem, and an increasing number of patients receive a liver transplant yearly. The characteristics of intestinal microbial communities may be affected by changes in the pathophysiology of patients during the perioperative. Methods: We studied gut fecal microbial community signatures in 37 Chinese adults using 16S rRNA sequencing targeting V3-V4 hypervariable regions, with a total of 69 fecal samples. We analyzed the Alpha and Beta diversities of various groups. Then we compared the abundance of bacteria in groups at the phylum, family, and genus levels. Results: The healthy gut microbiota predominantly consisted of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidestes, followed by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Compared with healthy people, due to the dominant bacteria in patients with chronic liver disease losing their advantages in the gut, the antagonistic effect on the inferior bacteria was reduced. The inferior bacteria multiplied in large numbers during this process. Some of these significant changes were observed in bacterial species belonging to Enterococcus, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter, which increased in patients' intestines. There were low abundances of signature genes such as Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Ruminococcus. Blautia and Bifidobacterium (considered probiotics) almost disappeared after liver transplantation. Conclusion: There is an altered microbial composition in liver transplantation patients and a distinct signature of microbiota associated with the perioperative period.

Molecular cytogenetic characterization of 16p11.2 microdeletions with diverse prenatal phenotypes: Four cases report and literature review.

OBJECTIVE: Chromosome 16p11.2 deletions have been recognized as a genetic disorder with well-described postnatal phenotypes. However, the prenatal manifestations are atypical for lacking of enough evidence. CASE REPORT: Four pregnant women underwent amniocentesis for cytogenetic analysis and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) because of various indications for prenatal diagnosis: prenatal ultrasound abnormalities (cases 1, 2 and 4) and the childbearing history of cerebral palsy child (case 3). No overlapping phenotypes were observed in cases 1, 2 and 4, which might indicate phenotypic diversities in prenatal phenotypes for 16p11.2 microdeletion. All four fetuses showed normal karyotypic results while CMA identified 0.303-0.916 Mb microdeletions of 16p11.2, encompassing BP2-BP3 and BP4-BP5 regions separately. According to the parental CMA verification, case 1 carried a maternal inherited duplication in the region of Xp22.33 and a de novo deletion in the region of Xp21.1. All parents opted for the termination of pregnancies based upon genetic counselling. CONCLUSION: Our findings enriched the intrauterine phenotypic features of 16p11.2 microdeletions, which would be beneficial for genetic counselling in clinic. In addition, preimplantation genetic testing was recognized as a first-tier approach for such carriers if they intended to conceive again.

Construction of Graphene-Based "In-Paper" 3D Interdigital Microelectrodes for High Performance Metal-Free Flexible Supercapacitors.

Flexible micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) are promising power sources of portable/wearable electronic devices. Electrodes are the key components determining performance of the MSCs, but it still remains a big challenge in either materials or fabrication methods to achieve both high charge storage capability and robust mechanical flexibility. Herein, a novel water-cooling assisted selective laser ablation (WASLA) technique is demonstrated for scale-fabrication of "embedded-in-paper" 3D graphene-cellulose composite interdigital electrodes (3D GCCIEs) in a mask-free and chemical-free manner. The obtained electrodes are endowed with 3D charge storage geometry, high electrical conduction, freely designed patterns, and the inherent advantages of paper substrate. Therefore, the 3D GCCIEs-based MSC exhibits excellent overall performance including large specific capacitances, high rate performance, impressive cyclic stability, and remarkable mechanical flexibility. Moreover, metal-free 3D GCCIE-MSC integrated arrays with diverse shapes composed of linear/curved interdigital electrodes are also fabricated, and a letter-shaped MSC array successfully lit a light emitting diode light in both flat and folded status demonstrating excellent device flexibility. The as-fabricated 3D GCCIE-MSCs have shown great application potential as power sources of flexible electronic devices, and the WASLA method proves to be an effective strategy for scale-manufacturing high performance paper-based charge storage devices not limited to supercapacitors.

Metagenomics of Virus Diversities in Solid-State Brewing Process of Traditional Chinese Vinegar.

Traditional Chinese vinegar offers an exceptional flavor and rich nutrients due to its unique solid-state fermentation process, which is a multiple microbial fermentation system including various bacteria, fungi and viruses. However, few studies on the virus diversities in traditional Chinese vinegar have been reported. In this paper, using Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar as a model system, we systemically explored the viral communities in the solid-state brewing process of traditional Chinese vinegar using bacterial and viral metagenomes. Results showed that the viral diversity in vinegar Pei was extensive and the virus communities varied along with the fermentation process. In addition, there existed some interactions between viral and bacterial communities. Moreover, abundant antibiotic resistance genes were found in viromes, indicating that viruses might protect fermentation bacteria strains from the stress of antibiotics in the fermentation environment. Remarkably, we identified abundant auxiliary carbohydrate metabolic genes (including alcohol oxidases, the key enzymes for acetic acid synthesis) from viromes, implying that viruses might participate in the acetic acid synthesis progress of the host through auxiliary metabolic genes. Taken together, our results indicated the potential roles of viruses in the vinegar brewing process and provided a new perspective for studying the fermentation mechanisms of traditional Chinese vinegar.

Some People are Different from You: A Case Study of a Cultural and Ethical Problem in Global Health.

Pharmacists, student pharmacists, and other healthcare providers are frequent participants on short-term medical service trips (MSTs) to medically underserved areas. Many such MSTs take place in areas like sub-Saharan Africa where cultural beliefs about healthcare and society may be very different from what volunteers from the Global North believe. These cultural divergences may then give rise to ethical problems MST volunteers need to navigate. This case study provides an example of such an ethical problem developing from a difference in cultures - the case of female genital cutting. Often, the ethical training that most MST volunteers receive during their clinical education is inadequate to help them address these kinds of cultural differences and the problems that result. A six-step process to provide MST volunteers with the tools to address such cultural-ethical problems is included. Medical, Public Health, and Microfinance Teams with local interpreters in Nana Kenieba, Cercle of Kati, Koulikoro Region, Southwest Mali.