ABSTRACT
Hospital pharmacy worldwide has proven to be a crucial element in healthcare. In Latin America, it draws inspiration from 2 main models: United States, which promoted clinical pharmacy and later pharmaceutical care, and Spain, which shares similar healthcare practices and the added advantage of a common language. Both models influenced the implementation of hospital pharmacy residencies in Argentina since the 1980s. Hospital pharmacy residencies in Argentina constitute a paid system of intensive postgraduate training on a full-time basis with exclusive dedication. They are carried out in 11 provinces across Argentina in services with recognized teaching experience. Currently, there are 46 locations with a total of 75 annual vacancies for applicants. The objective of hospital pharmacy residencies is to train pharmaceutical professionals with the necessary competencies to ensure the care of patients through the optimization of the safe, effective, and efficient use of medications and healthcare products tailored to each patient's individual therapy. Hospital pharmacy residencies have demonstrated that pharmacists acquire specialized training that can be decisive in influencing healthcare policies related to the safe use of medications and healthcare products. Therefore, actions to promote and encourage interest in this field among pharmaceutical professionals are necessary, involving scientific societies, universities, pharmaceutical associations, and the political sphere.
ABSTRACT
Hospital Pharmacy worldwide has proven to be a crucial element in healthcare. In Latin America, it draws inspiration from two main models: United States, which promoted clinical pharmacy and later pharmaceutical care, and Spain, which shares similar healthcare practices and the added advantage of a common language. Both models influenced the implementation of Hospital Pharmacy residencies in Argentina since the 1980s. Hospital Pharmacy residencies in Argentina constitute a paid system of intensive postgraduate training on a full-time basis with exclusive dedication. They are carried out in 11 provinces across Argentina in services with recognized teaching experience. Currently, there are 46 locations with a total of 75 annual vacancies for applicants. The objective of Hospital Pharmacy residencies is to train pharmaceutical professionals with the necessary competencies to ensure the care of patients through the optimization of the safe, effective, and efficient use of medications and healthcare products tailored to each patient's individual therapy. Hospital Pharmacy residencies have demonstrated that pharmacists acquire specialized training that can be decisive in influencing healthcare policies related to the safe use of medications and healthcare products. Therefore, actions to promote and encourage interest in this field among pharmaceutical professionals are necessary, involving scientific societies, universities, pharmaceutical associations, and the political sphere.
ABSTRACT
The National Curriculum Guidelines of the Pharmacy Undergraduation Course are structured by the development of competences in the teaching-learning process. This study brings as a guiding question which learning methodology contributes to better academic rates and better student performance? This exploratory study, with a quantitative approach and with a documentary design, compiled information about the academic indexes of students in the Pharmacy course at XXX, from 2015 to 2019, in the two learning models: active (AL) and traditional (TL) . A total of 357 undergraduates were documented, with 115 students completing their training in AL and 242 in TL, with a predominance of women (76.19%), aged between 20 and 30 years (64.43%). In terms of completion time, AL students had a shorter completion time, while TL students had better individual performance indices (p<0.002), and the course average (CA) of both models above 7 points. Regarding the academic indicators per course, the retention rates were AL (4.8%) and TL (15.5%), AL (13.1%), and TL (5.48%) dropout rates, AL (44.44%) and TL success rates (50.65%). Regarding the performance of students in the ENADE, both for general and specific training, AL and TL had averages higher than the national average, with concept 4 for both learning models. More detailed studies are needed to support the pedagogical and administrative management of Pharmacy courses offered in public undergraduate education institutions.
Las Directrices Curriculares Nacionales de la Carrera de Graduación en Farmacia están estructuradas por el desarrollo de competencias en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Este estudio trae como pregunta orientadora ¿qué metodología de aprendizaje contribuye a mejores índices académicos y mejor desempeño de los estudiantes? Este estudio exploratorio, con enfoque cuantitativo y con diseño documental, recopiló información sobre los índices académicos de los estudiantes de la carrera de Farmacia de la XXX, de 2015 a 2019, en los dos modelos de aprendizaje: activo (AL) y tradicional (TL) . Se documentaron un total de 357 estudiantes de pregrado, con 115 estudiantes completando su formación en AL y 242 en TL, con predominio de mujeres (76,19%), con edades entre 20 y 30 años (64,43%). En cuanto al tiempo de finalización, los alumnos de AL tuvieron un tiempo de finalización más corto, mientras que los alumnos de TL tuvieron mejores índices de desempeño individual (p<0.002), y el promedio del curso (CA) de ambos modelos por encima de los 7 puntos. En cuanto a los indicadores académicos por curso, las tasas de retención fueron AL (4,8%) y TL (15,5%), AL (13,1%) y TL (5,48%), tasas de deserción, AL (44,44%) y TL tasas de éxito (50,65%). ). En cuanto al desempeño de los estudiantes en la ENADE, tanto para formación general como específica, AL y TL tuvieron promedios superiores a la media nacional, con concepto 4 para ambos modelos de aprendizaje. Son necesarios estudios más detallados que apoyen la gestión pedagógica y administrativa de las carreras de Farmacia que se ofrecen en las instituciones públicas de educación de pregrado.
As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN's) do Curso de Graduação Farmácia estão estruturadas pelo desenvolvimento de competências no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Este estudo traz como questão norteadora qual metodologia de ensino contribui para melhores índices acadêmicos e melhor desempenho estudantil? Este estudo de caráter exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa e com delineamento documental compilou informações acerca dos índices acadêmicos dos estudantes do curso de Farmácia da XXX, no período de 2015 a 2019, nos dois modelos de ensino: ativo (MA) e tradicional (MT). Foram documentados 357 concludentes, sendo 115 estudantes concluíram sua formação em MA e 242 em MT, com predominância do sexo feminino (76,19%), faixa etária entre 20 e 30 anos (64,43%). No quesito tempo de conclusão, estudantes em MA apresentaram menor tempo de conclusão, ao passo que estudantes do MT obtiveram melhores índices de desempenho individual (p<0,002), e a média de curso (MC) de ambos modelos acima de 7. Em relação aos indicadores acadêmicos por curso, as taxas de retenção foram MA (4,8%) e MT (15,5%), taxas de evasão MA (13,1%), e MT (5,48%), taxas de sucesso MA (44,44%) e MT (50,65%). Em relação ao desempenho dos estudantes no ENADE, tanto para formação geral quanto específica, MA e MT apresentaram médias superiores à média nacional, com conceito 4 para ambos modelos de ensino. São necessários estudos mais detalhados para subsidiar gerenciamento pedagógico e administrativo dos cursos de Farmácia ofertados nas instituições de ensino superior públicas.
ABSTRACT
The study aimed to evaluate possible factors associated with retention and intentionality of avoidance of the Pharmacy course of a Public University of the Northeast. This is a cross-sectional study conducted between July and December 2019 with students from the two undergraduate courses in Pharmacy, from the Federal University of Sergipe. For data collection, an instrument was used that included: 1) Sociodemographic data and; 2) Factors related to the intentionality of evasion, questions about locking, and failure in modules/disciplines. The study participated in 335 students, 132 from the Lagarto campus and 203 students from São Cristóvão. Of these, 69.30% (n=232) were women, the majority (81.20%) aged between 18 and 24 years, 60.90% (n=204) declared themselves brown, 96.70% were single and 5.10% (n= 17) had children. Regarding failure and intentionality of evasion, 176 (52.50%) stated that they had already failed and 62,10% (n=208) had the intention to drop out of the course. Among the factors that have an impact on the intentionality of the evasion was: "schedule of the disciplines offered", "curriculum matrix", "teaching methodology", "form of evaluation", "relationship between student and teacher/coordinator", "interpersonal relationships", "student assistance", "low remuneration of the professional", "financial difficulties", "lack of study skills", "difficulties of adaptation to the university", "disenchantment or demotivation with the course", "learning difficulties, translated into disapproval and low frequency", "inadaptation with the course" and "mental health problem". The results reinforce the need for strategies that support students during graduation, in order to reduce the impact of retention and dropout in higher education.
El estudio tenía como objetivo evaluar posibles factores asociados con la retención e intencionalidad de la evasión del curso de Farmacia de una Universidad Pública del Noreste. Estudio transversal realizado entre julio y diciembre de 2019 con estudiantes de los dos cursos de Farmacia de la Universidad Federal de Sergipe. Se recopilaron los siguientes datos: 1) datos sociodemográficos; 2) Factores relacionados con la intencionalidad de la evasión, preguntas sobre bloqueo y retención en módulos/disciplinas. Participó del estudio 335 estudiantes, 132 del campus de Lagarto y 203 de São Cristóvão. De ellos, 69,30% (n=232) eran mujeres, la mayoría (81,20%) entre 18 y 24 años, 60,90% (n=204) se declararon pardas, 96,70% eran solteros y 5,10% (n=17) tenían hijos. En cuanto al retención y la intencionalidad de la evasión, 176 (52,50%) afirmaron que ya habían reprobado y 62,10% (n=208) tenían la intención de evasión. Se destacaron los siguientes factores de intencionalidad de la evasión: "programa de las disciplinas ofrecidas", "matriz curricular", "metodología de enseñanza", "forma de evaluación", "relación entre estudiante y profesor/coordinador", "relaciones interpersonales", "asistencia al estudiante", "baja remuneración del profesional", "dificultades financieras", "falta de habilidades de estudio", "dificultades de adaptación a la universidad", "desencanto o desmotivación con el curso", "dificultades de aprendizaje, traducidas en desaprobación y baja frecuencia", "inadaptación con el curso" y "problema de salud mental". Los resultados refuerzan la necesidad de estrategias que apoyen a los estudiantes durante la graduación, con el fin de reducir el impacto en la retención escolar y la deserción escolar en la educación superior.
O estudo objetivou avaliar possíveis fatores associados à retenção e à intencionalidade de evasão do curso de Farmácia de uma Universidade Pública do Nordeste. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado entre julho a dezembro de 2019 com estudantes dos dois cursos de graduação em Farmácia, da Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se um instrumento que contemplava: 1) Dados Sociodemográficos e; 2) Fatores ligados à intencionalidade de evasão questões, sobre trancamento e reprovação em módulos / disciplinas. Participaram da pesquisa 335 estudantes, sendo 132 do campus Lagarto e 203 estudantes de São Cristóvão.Destes, 69,30% (n = 232) eram mulheres, a maioria (81,20%) apresentava idade entre 18 e 24 anos, 60,90% (n = 204) se autodeclaram pardos, 96,70% eram solteiros e 5,10% (n = 17) possuíam filhos. Quanto a reprovação e intencionalidade de evasão, 176 (52,50%) afirmaram já ter reprovado e 62,10% (n = 208) a intenção de desistir do curso.Entre os fatores que impactam na intencionalidade da evasão destacou-se: "horário das disciplinas ofertadas", "matriz curricular", "metodologia de ensino", "forma de avaliação", "relação entre aluno e professor / coordenador", "relações interpessoais "," Assistência aos alunos "," baixa renda do profissional "," dificuldades financeiras "," falta de habilidades de estudo "," dificuldade de adaptação à universidade "," desencanto ou desmotivação com o curso "," dificuldades de aprendizagem, traduzidas em reprovação e baixa frequência "," inadaptação com o curso "e" problema de saúde mental ". Os resultados reforçam a necessidade de aplicar que subsidiem os estudantes durante a graduação,
ABSTRACT
Objetivos: Recopilar y comentar los artículos más relevantes publicados en la Revista OFIL/ILAPHAR durante los 30 años desde creación, comparándolos con las publicaciones actuales, remarcando su importancia y aplicación.Material y métodos: Se trata de una revisión del total de los artículos disponibles en la página Web www.revistadelaofil.org, tomándose en cuenta los artículos clasificados como editoriales, cartas al editor, originales, revisiones y casos clínicos.Resultados: Se clasificaron los artículos por temas, sugiriéndose la lectura de algunos artículos por cada tema. Se pudieron encontrar artículos publicados en los inicios de la revista y que aún siguen siendo vigentes en su contenido y aplicación. Es también significativo el aporte de líderes farmacéuticos de Ibero Latinoamérica quienes dejaron asentados en sus artículos sus experiencias pero principalmente su pasión por la profesión farmacéutica.Conclusión: La revisión realizada ha servido para poder conocer cómo ha evolucionado la Revista OFIL/ILAPHAR pero también para conocer cuál ha sido la transición de los conocimientos en el mundo farmacéutico en los últimos 30 años. Recomendamos su lectura para conocer nuestra historia científica, la misma que debemos seguir engrosando con rigurosidad. (AU)
Objectives: Compile and comment on the most relevant articles published in the OFIL Magazine during the 30 years of its creation, comparing it with current publications, highlighting its importance and application.Material and methods: This article is a review of all the articles available on the OFIL Journal website www.revistadelaofil.org, considering articles classified as editorials, letters to the editor, originals, reviews, and clinical cases.Results: Articles were classified by topic, suggesting the reading of some articles for each topic. Articles published in the early days of the journal and that are still current in its content and application. The contribution of pharmaceutical leaders from Ibero Latin America is also significant, who left their experiences but mainly their passion for the pharmaceutical profession in their articles.Conclusion: The review carried out has served to be able to know how the OFIL Magazine has evolved but also to know what the transition of knowledge has been in the pharmaceutical world in the last 30 years. We recommend reading it to learn about our scientific history, the same one that we must continue to rigorously increase. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Periodicals as Topic/history , Pharmaceutical Services/history , Pharmaceutical Services/trends , Pharmacy Service, Hospital , Review Literature as Topic , Pharmacology , PharmacovigilanceABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The beneficial results of a theory-practice pilot stress management program for Pharmacy and Biochemistry professionals and students. Its importance as a complement of traditional academic education, as well as its potential for Pharmaceutical Care is also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 27 students and 26 professionals took part in a program of 10 sessions, aimed at improving stress management. Ten of the students and 10 professionals were randomly assigned to control groups. Salivary cortisol levels and anxiety level tests before and after the program were used to assess efficacy. RESULTS: Both the cortisol and the anxiety levels significantly decreased among students and professionals after the program, whereas it significantly increased in the student control group. Anxiety levels significantly decreased in both students and professionals. CONCLUSIONS: This type of pilot program proved effective for students. In the case of health professionals, the sample size needs to be increased in order to achieve an acceptable level of statistical power. Considering the shift of the pharmaceutical profession towards Pharmaceutical Care, the training of competences and attitudes like those described in this work could be of value.
Subject(s)
Biochemistry , Health Promotion , Occupational Diseases/therapy , Pharmacy , Stress, Psychological/therapy , Students , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pilot Projects , Young AdultABSTRACT
As práticas e os projetos pedagógicos dos cursos da área da saúde têm sido alvo de intervenções a fim de se contemplarem as necessidades da sociedade contemporânea. A formação do farmacêutico não foge a esta linha, na qual se destaca a correlação entre teoria e prática, ressaltando a necessidade de uma visão integral do indivíduo e do meio que o cerca. Com base nestas considerações, o presente artigo visa abordar a utilização de metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem na disciplina de Assistência e Atenção Farmacêutica do curso de Farmácia do Centro Universitário Franciscano (UNIFRA), relatando avanços e dificuldades observadas. Foram realizados, semestralmente, sete estudos de caso abordando problemas de saúde, farmacoterapia e problemas relacionados a medicamentos. Como resultados, destaca-se a formação de um aluno capaz de intervir e construir o próprio futuro com responsabilidade e comprometimento com a formação humanística e generalista.
The pedagogical practices and projects of healthcare courses have been the target of interventions aimed at taking into account the needs of contemporary society. The training for pharmacists is no exception and, in this, the correlation between theory and practice is highlighted, along with the need for a comprehensive view of individuals and the environment that surrounds them. Based on these points, this article aimed to address the use of active teaching-learning methodologies in the Discipline of Pharmaceutical Care and Assistance of the Pharmacy Course at the Franciscan University Center (UNIFRA), reporting on the advances and difficulties observed. Each semester, seven case studies covering health problems, pharmacotherapy and problems relating to medications were conducted. The results highlighted the shaping of students who were capable of intervening in and constructing their own futures with responsibility and commitment towards humanistic and general training.
Las prácticas y los proyectos pedagógicos de los cursos del área de salud han sido objeto de intervenciones con el fin de atender las necesidades de la sociedad actual. La formación del farmacéutico no escapa de esta línea, en la que se destaca la correlación entre teoría y práctica, subrayando la necesidad de una visión integral del individuo y del entorno que lo rodea. Con base en tales consideraciones el presente artículo busca abordar el uso de métodos activos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la asignatura de Asistencia y Atención Farmacéutica del curso de Farmacia en el Centro Universitario Franciscano (UNIFRA), relatando avances y dificultades observadas. Fueron realizados, semestralmente, siete estudios de caso que abordaban problemas de salud, fármaco-terapia y problemas relacionados con medicamentos. Como resultado, se destaca la formación de un alumno capaz de intervenir y construir su propio futuro con responsabilidad y compromiso con una formación humanística y general.
Subject(s)
Humans , Problem-Based Learning/methods , Problem-Based Learning , Education, Pharmacy/methods , UniversitiesABSTRACT
Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender as percepções de graduandos em farmácia de uma universidade pública brasileira sobre a Assistência Farmacêutica (AF) no Sistema Único de Saúde, frente ao atual contexto político e educacional em saúde, com a perspectiva de incrementar a discussão sobre a formação para esta área. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com estudantes do último ano letivo, sendo os resultados interpretados a partir da análise temática de conteúdo. Verificou-se que apesar de alguns avanços, as percepções partilhadas demonstram a lacuna existente na formação para a atuação em AF, considerada em processo de construção, indicando a necessidade de desenvolvimento de estratégias metodológicas de ensino mais adequadas, de diversificação dos cenários de ensino-aprendizagem nos serviços de saúde, bem como de maiores esforços de gestores, profissionais de saúde e docentes.
The aim of this study was to understand the perceptions of pharmacy students from a Brazilian public university regarding the Pharmaceutical Assistance (PA) offered by the National Health System, in light of the political and educational context in health, with the aim of enhancing the discussion about education in this field. Final year students were submitted to semi-structured interviews, and the results were interpreted with the aid of Thematic Content Analysis. In spite of some advances, the shared perceptions pointed to a gap in the students' education, regarding their performance in PA. Such education is in a process of consolidation, and there is a need of more adequate methodological teaching strategies, diversification of teaching-learning scenarios in the health services, and greater effort from managers, health professionals and educators.
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender las percepciones de estudiantes de farmacia de una universidad pública brasileña sobre la Asistencia Farmacéutica (AF) en el Sistema Único de Salud, frente al actual contexto político y educacional de salud, con la perspectiva de incrementar la discusión sobre la formación para esta area. Fueron realizadas entrevistas semi-estructuradas con alumnos del último año lectivo, siendo los resultados interpretados a partir del análisis temático del contenido. Se verificó que a pesar de algunos avances, las percepciones compartidas demuestran la laguna existente en la formación para la actuación en la AF, considerada en proceso de construcción, indicando la necesidad de desarrollo de estrategias metodológicas de enseñanza más adecuadas, de diversificación de los escenarios de enseñanza-aprendizaje en los servicios de salud, así como de mayores esfuerzos de gestores, profesionales de salud y docentes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Education, Pharmacy , Staff Development , Pharmaceutical ServicesABSTRACT
Teniendo en cuenta la necesidad de un currículo que garantice una formación universitaria universal, contextual, flexible y comprometida con la realidad social y profesional, en el presente trabajo se diseñó el perfil profesional que caracterizará al egresado de la Licenciatura en Ciencias Farmacéuticas de la Universidad de Oriente, Cuba. Se utilizó para ello el Modelo de Actuación Profesional; se precisó el problema profesional, el objeto de la profesión y el objetivo profesional, y sobre la base del sentido articulador entre estas configuraciones se definieron los campos, esferas y modos de actuación, dejando explícito, además, los objetivos educativos e instructivos que se aspiran alcanzar
Taking into account the need of a curriculum assuring universal, contextual and flexible university formation that is committed to the social and professional realities of the country, the present paper designed the professional profile of the Pharmaceutical Sciences graduate in the University of Oriente, Cuba. To this end, the Professional Performance Model was used; the professional problem, the object of the profession and the professional objectives were defined. On the basis of the articulation of these configurations, the various fields, spheres and modes of performance were established, thus clearly stating the educational and learning objectives that are expected to be attained
Subject(s)
Humans , Curriculum , Professional Competence , Students, PharmacyABSTRACT
Teniendo en cuenta la necesidad de un currículo que garantice una formación universitaria universal, contextual, flexible y comprometida con la realidad social y profesional, en el presente trabajo se diseñó el perfil profesional que caracterizará al egresado de la Licenciatura en Ciencias Farmacéuticas de la Universidad de Oriente, Cuba. Se utilizó para ello el Modelo de Actuación Profesional; se precisó el problema profesional, el objeto de la profesión y el objetivo profesional, y sobre la base del sentido articulador entre estas configuraciones se definieron los campos, esferas y modos de actuación, dejando explícito, además, los objetivos educativos e instructivos que se aspiran alcanzar(AU)
Taking into account the need of a curriculum assuring universal, contextual and flexible university formation that is committed to the social and professional realities of the country, the present paper designed the professional profile of the Pharmaceutical Sciences graduate in the University of Oriente, Cuba. To this end, the Professional Performance Model was used; the professional problem, the object of the profession and the professional objectives were defined. On the basis of the articulation of these configurations, the various fields, spheres and modes of performance were established, thus clearly stating the educational and learning objectives that are expected to be attained(AU)
