Application of green synthesised copper iodide particles on cotton fabric-protective face mask material against COVID-19 pandemic.

Microorganisms cause variety of diseases that constitutes a severe threat to mankind. Due to the upsurge of many infectious diseases, there is a high requirement and demand for the development of safety products finished with antimicrobial properties. The study involves the antimicrobial activity of natural cotton coated with copper iodide capped with Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. flower extract (CuI-FE) which is rich in anthocyanin, cyanidin-3-sophoroside by ultrasonication method. The coated and uncoated cotton fabric was characterised through XRD, SEM, AFM, tensile strength and UV-Visible spectroscopic techniques. XRD confirmed the formation of CuI particles, SEM showed that CuI-FE was prismatic in shape. The average size of CuI-FE particles was found to be 552.45 nm. Anti-bacterial studies showed copper iodide particles to be a potent antimicrobial agent. AFM images confirmed the rupture of bacterial cell walls in the presence of prismatic CuI-FE. In-vitro cytotoxicity investigation of CuI-FE was performed against cancer and spleen cell lines to evaluate the cell viability. Cytotoxicity analysis revealed the IC50 value of 233.93 µg/mL in the presence of CuI-FE. Molecular docking study was also carried out to understand the interaction of CuI-FE with COVID-19 main protease. This paper has given an insight on the usage of CuI-FE coated on the cotton fabric that has proved to have strong inhibition against the nano ranged bacterial, cancerous cell line and a strong interaction with the COVID-19 protease. Such eco-friendly material will provide a safe environment even after the disposable of medical waste from the infectious diseases like influenza and current pandemic like COVID-19.

Anticancer Effect of a Spiro-acridine Compound Involves Immunomodulatory and Anti-angiogenic Actions.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Studies with acridine compounds have reported anticancer effects. Herein, we evaluated the toxicity and antitumor effect of the (E)-1'-((4-chlorobenzylidene)amino)-5'-oxo-1',5'-dihydro-10H-spiro[acridine-9,2'-pyrrole]-4'-carbonitrile (AMTAC-06), a promising anticancer spiro-acridine compound. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The toxicity of AMTAC-06 was evaluated on zebrafish and mice. Antitumor activity was assessed in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma model. Effects on angiogenesis, cytokine levels and cell cycle were also investigated. RESULTS: AMTAC-06 did not induce toxicity on zebrafish and mice (LD50 approximately 5000 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). No genotoxicity was observed on micronucleus assay. AMTAC-06 significantly reduced the total viable Ehrlich tumor cells and increased sub-G1 peak, suggesting apoptosis was triggered. Moreover, the compound significantly decreased the density of peritumoral microvessels, indicating an anti-angiogenic action, possibly dependent on the cytokine modulation (TNF-α, IL-1ß and IFN-γ). No significant toxicological effects were recorded for AMTAC-06 on tumor transplanted animals. CONCLUSION: AMTAC-06 has low toxicity and a significant antitumor activity.

Antitumor efficacy of EDTA co-treatment with cisplatin in tumor-bearing mice

Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) is used in various medical applications. The aim of this study is to investigate the antitumor efficacy of EDTA alone or with cisplatin (Cis). Fifty male albino mice were used to assess the median lethal dose (LD50) of EDTA via intraperitoneal (i.p) injection. To determine the antitumor activity, fifty female albino mice were divided into five groups as the following; Group 1 (Gp1) was negative control; (Gp2-5) inoculated i.p with 2×106 Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells/mouse. After one day, Gp3, Gp4 and Gp5 injected with Cis (2 mg/kg), EDTA (25 mg/kg) and Cis (2 mg/kg)/EDTA (25 mg/kg) for six days, respectively. At day 14, all groups were sacrificed to assess the tumor profile, liver enzymes (alanine transaminases and aspartate transaminases), kidney function (urea and creatinine) and electrolytes (Na+, K+ and Ca2+). The results showed that the i.p LD50 of EDTA was 250 mg/kg. Treatment with EDTA alone did not show any antitumor activity and did not interfere with the antitumor efficacy of Cis. Biochemical findings revealed that EDTA had mild toxicity on liver and kidneys functions. In summary, EDTA had no antitumor effect and did not alter the Cis efficacy.

Evaluation of the level of gamma radiation dose on some immune system parameters against cancer / Avaliação do nível de dose de radiação gama em alguns parâmetros do sistema imunológico contra o câncer

The positive impact of exposure to low-dose gamma irradiation (LDR) on tumor regression and immune response has recently been emphasized. The present study aimed to investigate the T-helper 1 / T-helper 2 (Th1/ Th2) cytokine balance, serum protein changes in male BALB/c Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) bearing mice exposed to two low doses(0.4Gy or 0.8Gy) of gamma irradiation. Seventy two male BALB/C mice were divided into six groups. Group1: normal control; Group2&3:mice were exposed to γ-irradiation at 0.4 and 0.8 Gray, respectively two times weekly for 3 weeks; Group4 (malignant control):mice were injected subcutaneously with 2×106 Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells/mouse; Group5&6: mice were injected by EAC cells and exposed to γ-irradiation at 0.4 and 0.8 Gray, respectively two times weekly for 3 weeks, eight days after tumor transplantation. Data from the present study reported that two low-doses of γ- irradiation significantly increase the levels of serum IL2, IL6 and TNFα and a decrease the serum IL10 level in comparison to malignant control mice. The IL2 /IL-10,IL-6/IL-10 and TNFα/IL-10 (Th1/Th2 balance), were significantly increased in all tested groups when compared with control (P<0.05). Exposure to 0.8 Gy dose, however, induced significant elevation in all ratios in comparison to exposure to 0.4 Gy dose. This was associated with significant reduced tumor growth in mice implanted with Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma, which was more pronounced in mice exposed to 0.8 Gy than mice exposed to 0.4 Gy dose. In conclusion, the present study suggests a possible immunomodulatory role of LDR as it was associated with Th1 cytokine polarization response, and 0.8 Gy have more positive effect than 0.4 Gy. It also reinforces the beneficial effect of accumulated dose of total body irradiation (0.4Gy or 0.8Gy) in the regression of implanted Ehrlich Ascites Carcinomain BALB/c mice.

The positive impact of exposure to low-dose gamma irradiation (LDR) on tumor regression and immune response has recently been emphasized. The present study aimed to investigate the T-helper 1 / T-helper 2 (Th1/ Th2) cytokine balance, serum protein changes in male BALB/c Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) bearing mice exposed to two low doses(0.4Gy or 0.8Gy) of gamma irradiation. Seventy two male BALB/C mice were divided into six groups. Group1: normal control; Group2&3:mice were exposed to γ-irradiation at 0.4 and 0.8 Gray, respectively two times weekly for 3 weeks; Group4 (malignant control):mice were injected subcutaneously with 2×106 Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells/mouse; Group5&6: mice were injected by EAC cells and exposed to γ-irradiation at 0.4 and 0.8 Gray, respectively two times weekly for 3 weeks, eight days after tumor transplantation. Data from the present study reported that two low-doses of γ- irradiation significantly increase the levels of serum IL2, IL6 and TNFα and a decrease the serum IL10 level in comparison to malignant control mice. The IL2 /IL-10,IL-6/IL-10 and TNFα/IL-10 (Th1/Th2 balance), were significantly increased in all tested groups when compared with control (P<0.05). Exposure to 0.8 Gy dose, however, induced significant elevation in all ratios in comparison to exposure to 0.4 Gy dose. This was associated with significant reduced tumor growth in mice implanted with Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma, which was more pronounced in mice exposed to 0.8 Gy than mice exposed to 0.4 Gy dose. In conclusion, the present study suggests a possible immunomodulatory role of LDR as it was associated with Th1 cytokine polarization response, and 0.8 Gy have more positive effect than 0.4 Gy. It also reinforces the beneficial effect of accumulated dose of total body irradiation (0.4Gy or 0.8Gy) in the regression of implanted Ehrlich Ascites Carcinomain BALB/c mice.

Enhancing Antitumor Efficacy of Cisplatin Low Dose by EDTA in Ehrlich Ascetic Carcinoma Bearing Mice

Abstract In a recent study, the treatment of different human cancer cell lines in vitro with ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) showed a promising anticancer activity which could be a novel promising approach for cancer treatment. The aim of this study is to address the ability of EDTA to enhance the antitumor efficacy of the low dose of cisplatin (Cis) treatment in Ehrlich ascetic carcinoma (EAC) bearing mice. Sixty female albino mice were divided into six groups. The 1st group of mice was served as a negative control. 2nd - 6th groups were inoculated intraperitoneal (i.p) with 2×106 EAC cells/mouse. After one day of inoculation, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups were injected daily for 6 days (early treatment) with phosphate buffer saline, low dose of Cis and Cis/EDTA, respectively. After six days, the 5th and 6th groups were injected with the low dose of Cis and Cis/EDTA for 6 consecutive days (late treatment), respectively. At day 14, all groups of mice were sacrificed, sera were collected for biochemical assessment, then tumor volumes, counts, live and dead cells were determined from all groups. The results showed that EDTA co-treatment enhanced the efficacy of low dose of Cis at early and late time points. In addition, EDTA co-treatment potentially ameliorated the Cis-induced side effects on liver and kidney functions. In summary, co-therapy with EDTA could enhance the chemotherapeutic efficacy of low dose of Cis.

Toxicity and antitumor potential of Mesosphaerum sidifolium (Lamiaceae) oil and fenchone, its major component.

BACKGROUND: The essential oil from Mesosphaerum sidifolium (L'Hérit.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore (syn. Hyptis umbrosa), Lamiaceae (EOM), and its major component, have been tested for toxicity and antitumor activity. METHODS: EOM was obtained from aerial parts of M. sidifolium subjected to hydro distillation, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to characterize the EOM chemical composition. The toxicity was evaluated using haemolysis assay, and acute toxicity and micronucleus tests. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma model was used to evaluate the in vivo antitumor activity and toxicity of EOM (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg), and fenchone (30 and 60 mg/kg) after 9 d of treatment. RESULTS: The EOM major components were fenchone (24.8%), cubebol (6.9%), limonene (5.4%), spathulenol (4.5%), ß-caryophyllene (4.6%) and α-cadinol (4.7%). The HC50 (concentration producing 50% haemolysis) was 494.9 µg/mL for EOM and higher than 3000 µg/mL for fenchone. The LD50 for EOM was approximately 500 mg/kg in mice. The essential oil induced increase of micronucleated erythrocytes only at 300 mg/kg, suggesting moderate genotoxicity. EOM (100 or 150 mg/kg) and fenchone (60 mg/kg) reduced all analyzed parameters (tumor volume and mass, and total viable cancer cells). Survival also increased for the treated animals with EOM and fenchone. For EOM 150 mg/kg and 5-FU treatment, most cells were arrested in the G0/G1 phase, whereas for fenchone, cells arrested in the S phase, which represents a blockage in cell cycle progression. Regarding the toxicological evaluation, EOM induced weight loss, but did not induce hematological, biochemical or histological (liver and kidneys) toxicity. Fenchone induced decrease of AST and ALT, suggesting liver damage. CONCLUSIONS: The data showed EOM caused in vivo cell growth inhibition on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma model by inducing cell cycle arrest, without major changes in the toxicity parameters evaluated. In addition, this activity was associated with the presence of fenchone, its major component.

Eutirucallin: A Lectin with Antitumor and Antimicrobial Properties.

Eutirucallin is a lectin isolated from the latex of Euphorbia tirucalli, a plant known for its medical properties. The present study explores various characteristics of Eutirucallin including stability, cytotoxicity against tumor cells, antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities. Eutirucallin was stable from 2 to 40 days at 4°C, maintained hemagglutinating activity within a restricted range, and showed optimal activity at pH 7.0-8.0. Eutirucallin presented antiproliferative activity for HeLa, PC3, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7 tumor cells but was not cytotoxic for non-tumorigenic cells such as macrophages and fibroblasts. Eutirucallin inhibited the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in vivo and it was also observed that Eutirucallin inhibited 62.5% of Escherichia coli growth. Also, Eutirucallin showed to be effective when tested directly against Toxoplasma gondii infection in vitro. Therefore, this study sheds perspectives for pharmacological applications of Eutirucallin.

Toxicity and antitumor efficacy of Croton polyandrus oil against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells

ABSTRACT The essential oil from Croton polyandrus Spreng., Euphorbiaceae, leaves was tested for the toxicity and antitumor activity. The concentration producing 50% hemolysis was 141 µg/ml on mice erythrocytes. In the acute toxicological study, the estimated LD50 was 447.18 mg/kg. The essential oil did not induce increase in number of micronucleated erythrocytes, suggesting low genotoxicity. Essential oil (100 or 150 mg/kg) showed significant antitumor activity in Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma model. We observed that essential oil induces cell-cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and increases the sub-G1 peak, which represents a marker of cell death by apoptosis. Survival also increased for the treated animals. The toxicological analyses revealed reduction in body weight, increased aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity, hematological changes, and a thymus index reduction. These data suggest gastrointestinal and liver toxicity, anemia, leukopenia/lymphocytopenia, and immunosuppressive effects. Histopathological analysis revealed the weak hepatotoxicity of essential oil. In summary, essential oil of C. polyandrus displays in vivo antitumor activity and moderate toxicity.

Evaluation of antitumor activity and antioxidant status of Alternanthera brasiliana against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice.

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the present study was to explore the antitumor activity of the ethyl acetate extract of the Alternanthera brasiliana (EAAB) and its antioxidant status against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on the preliminary in vitro cytotoxicity studies, EAAB was selected for anti-tumor and antioxidant effects. Anticancer activity of EAAB was evaluated against EAC in Swiss albino mice at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg. EAAB was administered for 14 consecutive days after induction of cancer. After 24 h of the last dose and 18 h of fasting, half of the mice were sacrificed and rest were kept alive for assessing any increase in life span. The antitumor effect of EAAB was assessed by evaluating tumor volume, viable and nonviable tumor cell count, tumor weight, hematological and biochemical parameters of EAC bearing host. Furthermore, the antioxidant and histopathological parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: EAAB treatment has shown significant decrease in tumor volume, viable cell count, tumor weight and elevated the life span of EAC tumor bearing mice in a dose dependent manner. In hematological profile count of RBC, hemoglobin, and WBC were found reverted to normal. EAAB also significantly decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation and significantly increased the levels of GSH, SOD and Catalase. CONCLUSION: From the above results it may be concluded that EAAB has potent dose dependent antitumor activity and is comparable to that of 5-flourouracil.