Risk factors associated with self-rated health among elderly females with different visual abilities in Chinese urban areas: a population-based study.

OBJECTIVE: Self-rated health (SRH) has been documented as an important predictor of quality of life among the elderly and its risk factors are vision-specific among elderly males. The aim of this study was to clarify vision-specific risk factors to SRH among elderly females without dementia in Chinese urban areas. METHODS: From March to November 2012, 2147 elderly women in Liaoning Province of China were selected using a stratified sampling method. After cognitive screening, 1956 participants without dementia were finally enrolled. A questionnaire including SRH, visual ability and factors including demographic characteristics, physical conditions, lifestyle factors, social psychological status and social activities were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to clarify the association of SRH with risk factors, while stepwise multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the vision-specific associations with SRH. RESULTS: The mean age was 73.6 ± 5.82 (mean ± SD). The percentages of good SRH in good and impaired visual ability groups were 36.2% and 24.4%, respectively. Most characteristics between elderly females with different visual abilities were significantly different. Visual ability had interactions with physical conditions, lifestyle factors and social activities to affect SRH. Among elderly females with good visual ability, depressive symptoms, rather than chronic disease had the strongest association with good SRH followed by marital status, regular diet, going out alone to distant places, taking a walk, smoking and alcohol consumption. In the impaired visual ability group, going out alone to distant places had the strongest association with good SRH followed by chronic disease, filial piety, taking a walk, participating in entertainment, ethnicity, quality of sleep, worrying about falling and alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Good SRH status was at a low level especially among elderly females with impaired visual ability and the risk factors differed between elderly females with different visual abilities. Social psychological status was crucial for SRH among elderly females with good visual ability whereas physical conditions were prominent for impaired visual ability group.

Associations of Quantitative and Qualitative Muscle Parameters With Second Hip Fracture Risk in Older Women: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Older women with a first hip fracture exhibit heightened susceptibility and incidence of second fracture and potentially severe consequences. This prospective study was to compare the predictive power of qualitative and quantitative muscle parameters for a second hip fracture in older women with a first hip fracture. A total of 206 subjects were recruited from the longitudinal Chinese Second Hip Fracture Evaluation study. Hip computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained immediately after the first fracture. Muscle fat infiltration was assessed according to the Goutallier classification qualitatively. Quantitative parameters included cross-sectional area and density of gluteus maximus (G.MaxM) and gluteus medius and minimus (G.Med/MinM) muscles. CT X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure the areal bone mineral density (aBMD) of the contralateral femur. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute hazard ratios (HR) of second hip fracture risk. The mean age of subjects was 74.9 (±9.5) years at baseline. After 4.5 years, 35 had a second hip fracture, 153 without a second hip fracture, and 18 died. Except for the combined G.MinM Goutallier grade 3 and 4 groups before adjustment for covariates (HR = 5.83; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.49-22.83), there were no significant HRs for qualitative classification to predict a second hip fracture. Among quantitative metrics, after adjustment for covariates, G.Med/MinM density was significant in the original (HR = 1.44; CI 1.02-2.04) and competing risk analyses (HR = 1.46; CI 1.02-2.07). After additional adjustment for femoral neck (FN) aBMD, G.Med/MinM density remained borderline significant for predicting a second hip fracture in competing risk analysis (HR = 1.43; CI 0.99-2.06; p = 0.057). Our study revealed that Goutallier classification was less effective than quantitative muscle metrics for predicting hip second fracture in this elderly female cohort. After adjustment for FN aBMD, G.Med/MinM density is a borderline independent predictor of second hip fracture risk. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Effect of a moderate-intensity comprehensive exercise program on body composition, muscle strength, and physical performance in elderly females with sarcopenia.

Objective: This study aimed at examining an eight-week moderate-intensity comprehensive exercise training program on the parameters of sarcopenia in elderly females. Methods: A total of 49 community-dwelling elderly females with sarcopenia (65.5 ± 2.5) were assigned randomly to an experiment group (EG, n = 25) and a control group (CG, n = 24). In the EG, an eight-week comprehensive exercise training program was implemented, in 1 h, 3 times per week, a total of 24 sessions. The CG only received health public education per two weeks, a total of 4 times. Subsequently, the differences between the two groups were tested through two-way repeated ANOVA. Results: ASM, SMM, and SMI in the EG were significantly improved by 0.26 kg, 0.18 kg, and 0.10 kg/m2, respectively. Group-by-time interactions were significantly different on the ASM [F (1,47) = 6.25, η2 = 0.12] and SMI [F (1,47) = 6.77, η2 = 0.13]. Muscle strength was improved 0.8 kg in the EG. Significant group-by-time interaction differences were reported in the handgrip strength [F (1,47) = 6.8, η2 = 0.13] after the eight-week intervention. Compared with the baseline, gait speed was improved a 0.05 m/s and 5-time chair stand was decreased a 0.27 s in the EG. Group-by-time interactions were significantly different in 5-time chair stand [F (1, 47) = 6.35, η2 = 0.12]. Conclusions: The moderate-intensity comprehensive exercise was confirmed as a safe and convenient exercise program. Although a load of training intensity is not sufficient to improve the gait speed, this exercise protocol is promising in delaying overall results in community-dwelling sarcopenia elderly females and contributes to the improvement of muscle mass, handgrip strength, and 5TCS.

Presumed Takotsubo syndrome is associated with high in-hospital mortality in very elderly frail females: a case series.

Given the aging of general population, very elderly females with Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) are not rarely encountered in clinical practice. Although coronary angiography with left ventriculography is the gold standard diagnostic tool to exclude or confirm TTS, currently, this invasive procedure is less frequently performed in older patients with several comorbidities, such as renal failure, anemia, infections, neurological disorders, malignancy, and severe frailty. In these patients, a "presumed" TTS is diagnosed on the basis of clinical presentation, electrocardiogram, cardiac biomarkers, and echocardiographic findings without coronary angiography. While, in younger patients, TTS is generally a benign condition, in very elderly females, it is associated with higher in-hospital mortality and poor prognosis. Herein, we present four cases of ultra-octogenarian females diagnosed with "presumed TTS", who did not undergo coronary angiography due to severe frailty and multiple comorbidities and who exhibited poor outcome. This could arise the question if an early more aggressive approach could have changed final results. Probably, the solution could only be a personalized decision deriving from a profound and detailed discussion of each case through a multidisciplinary team approach.

Changes in physical function of frail elderly females in the one-year long-term care prevention program.

[Purpose] This study investigated changes in the physical function of frail elderly females who participated in a long-term care prevention project for ≥1 year. [Participants and Methods] There were 125 females included. Measurement items were body mass index, 5-m maximum gait time, 5-m normal gait time, standing on one leg with eyes open, timed up and go test, and grip strength and measured every six months. [Results] Grip strength decreased significantly after six months and one year compared to that of the start. The other measurements had no significant differences at start, after six months, and after one year. [Conclusion] This study investigated changes in physical functions in the frail community-dwelling elderly females one year after starting in a long-term prevention care program. Consequently, after one year in the program, no change was noted in measurements, such as gait speed, but only grip strength decreased. Likely, the exercise program mainly targeted the lower limb muscles. Therefore, although functions mainly use the lower limbs, such as walking, may be maintained, those using the upper limbs may be affected by aging.

The relationship between frailty and motor function among living in the community elderly females.

[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of frailty among community-dwelling elderly females, and to examine its relation to motor function and the main risk factors of frailty. [Participants and Methods] The participants were 67 community-dwelling elderly females, aged 76.2 ± 7.7 years. We performed measurements of physical parameters, motor functions (such as grip strength), timed up and go test (TUG), walking speed, and frailty (measured using the Kihon Checklist [KCL]). [Results] KCL scores were 31.3%, 31.3%, and 37.3% in the frailty, pre-frailty, and robust groups, respectively. The frailty group was older than the pre-frailty and robust groups. Additionally, the different groups showed significant differences in grip strength, TUG, and walking speed. The highest median KCL score was for depression, followed by physical function. As a results, frailty was evident even among health-conscious elderly people. [Conclusion] It is essential to identify frailty at an early stage and identify its preventive factors, in order to extend the healthy life expectancy of the local population.

Cervicothoracic spinal alignment and neck flexor muscle endurance in young and older adult females with and without neck and shoulder pain (Katakori in Japanese).

[Purpose] The characteristics of neck and shoulder pain (NSP) in different age populations have not been sufficiently examined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare and verify the cervicothoracic spinal alignment and neck flexor muscle endurance of young and older adult females with and without NSP. [Participants and Methods] We assessed 72 female participants (39 young participants, 33 elderly participants, 43 NSP, 29 non-NSP) aged 18-82 years who were recruited for this study. Cervicothoracic spinal alignment measurements were obtained with forward head alignment (FHA) along with the upper thoracic angle. The neck flexor endurance test was performed. [Results] There were no significant age-by-group interactions for any of the assessment variables. However, the upper thoracic angle and neck flexor muscle endurance showed significant effects in the groups. Age also had significant effects on FHA and upper thoracic angle. [Conclusion] These results suggested that the neck flexor muscle endurance was more appropriate as an evaluation tool for older adult females with NSP. It was also suggested that the cervical flexor muscle endurance and upper thoracic angle were more appropriate as evaluation tools for young adult females with NSP.

The exercise intensity of square-stepping exercise in community-dwelling late elderly females.

[Purpose] Square-stepping exercise is recommended for elderly people, as it has a positive effect on cognitive and physical functions; however, few studies have examined the exercise intensity of square-stepping exercise. Therefore, we aimed to examine the exercise intensity of square-stepping exercise in community-dwelling late elderly females. [Participants and Methods] Study 1: The participants, constituting 12 community-dwelling late elderly females (age: 78.7 ± 3.8 years), performed the three target step patterns. Exhaled gas, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion using the Borg Scale were measured during square-stepping exercise. Study 2: Participants were 57 community-dwelling elderly females (81.2 ± 4.3 years old). The exercise intensity, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion using the Borg Scale during square-stepping exercise were measured. [Results] Study 1: The average METs of the 3 target step patterns was 3.6 ± 0.7, and the %heart rate reserve and rating of perceived exertion were 54.3 ± 20.0% and 11.4 ± 1.9%, respectively. Study 2: The average METs during the square-stepping exercise program was 2.1 ± 0.2, and the %heart rate reserve and rating of perceived exertion were 19.6 ± 10.2% and 11.3 ± 1.4%, respectively. [Conclusion] Square-stepping exercise was confirmed to be a low to moderate intensity exercise program and is expected to improve health and physical fitness.

Evaluation of motor function using the two-step test in type C day care service.

[Purpose] Evaluation of motor function in preventive care services using a convenient method is necessary. The two-step test is clinically useful in evaluating motor function. Thus, we aimed to assess motor function using the two-step test in day care service type C. [Participants and Methods] The two-step test value and motor function used in day care service type C were evaluated in 23 elderly females (mean age: 77.4 ± 6.7 years). [Results] Timed Up and Go test and two-step test results were highly correlated. [Conclusion] The results suggest that the factors constituting the two-step test showed a dynamic balance. Intervention for step or dynamic balance is important to improve the gait ability of elderly females in type C day care service.

The Pressing Need to Raise Awareness about Osteoarthritis Care among Elderly Females in Pakistan: A Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is the single-most common cause of physical disability among adults. In view of its promising management modalities, an analysis of the level of awareness among the suspected individuals and their attitudes is crucial to assess the level of their implementation. This study aimed to do that among the female population in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 316 elderly females (≥60 years) in Karachi in 2018. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire, which included sections titled: demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 20.20, IBM, Armonk, New York, US), and chi-square tests were used to assess the connection between OA care and socioeconomic statuses. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for quantitative variables. Results A considerable portion (48%, n = 152) of the participants were from a lower socioeconomic background, and 51% of them had a history of joint pain. Significantly, 63% of the participants (n = 199) attributed their joint pain to age, while nearly half attributed it to their diet and exercise habits. A major segment (73%, n = 230) of the participants, irrespective of their socioeconomic backgrounds, had visited a doctor for their joint complaints. Around 65% of the participants said they would never undergo a knee-joint replacement, regardless of how worse their symptoms might get. Additionally, 36% of the participants were unsatisfied with their current treatment, while more than half of the participants said that medication would improve their condition. Conclusions Our results demonstrate a connection between the lack of awareness about OA and the factors negatively affecting its management. They also point towards areas that require focused efforts for better awareness.

Non-smoking, non-drinking elderly females, a 5 year follow-up of a clinically distinct cohort of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.

To examine differences in survival and clinical outcomes of elderly patients without traditional risk factors presenting with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Retrospective review of 287 consecutive patients divided into 2 treatment period cohorts treated for oral SCC between the 1st Jan 2007 and 31st Dec 2012. Patients were classified as either smoker-drinkers (SD) or non-smoking, non-drinking (NSND). Only patients with oral sub-site primaries according to ICD-10 were included. Carcinomas of the lip, tonsil, base of tongue and oro-pharyngeal subsites were excluded. Of the study population (N = 287), 24.4% were NSND and 9.75% were NSND elderly (older than 70 years) females. >50% of tumours arose from the oral tongue in NSND patients (p = 0.022) and there was a higher rate of recurrent and persistent disease (42.9% vs 27.6%, p = 0.005). Disease specific survival at 5 years was significantly reduced when NSND elderly females were compared to all other patients (p < 0.001) as well as age matched controls (p = 0.006). This effect was verified independently in each cohort.The results of this study suggest that NSND elderly females are a distinct patient population with poorer disease specific survival outcomes.

Effects of task velocity and center of mass acceleration during Y-Balance Test in elderly females with good and poor visual acuity.

[Purpose] To explore the effects of good binocular visual acuity (BVA) compared to poor BVA, reach distance, task velocity, and center of mass (COM) acceleration were evaluated in elderly females performing the Y-Balance Test (YBT) using a cross-sectional design. [Subjects and Methods] A total of 13 participants had BVA of ≥0.4 log of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) (poor BVA group), and the other 13 had BVA of ≤0.3 logMAR (good BVA group). An accelerometer was attached over participants' L3 spinous process, and they then performed the YBT. [Results] The normalized reach distances in the three directions among the good BVA group were longer than those among the poor BVA group. The task velocity in the good BVA group was significantly higher, whereas COM acceleration in the A direction was significantly lower compared with the poor BVA group. [Conclusion] Visual status must be considered when older adult individuals undergo physical therapy and functional training to ensure that healthcare professionals can better assist older adult women.

Rejuvenation of facial contour for elderly women / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective Aged facial contour presents changing facial skeleton and sagging soft tissue.We performed reshaping the facial skeleton simultaneouly during the rhytidectomy to achieve a youthful facial contour.Methods It was a retrospective observational study based on 26 elderly women (42-60 years) that complained of aged face and boosing of the orbital rim,prominent zygoma and mandibular angle.All of them had undergone reduction boosing,malar and mandible combined with rhytidectomy from January 2010 to December 2015.Results The facial skeleton was reshaped with face-lift successfully.No fatal bleeding,respiratory obstruction,cardiovascular accident,severe facial edema,permanent facial nerve injury and other major complications occurred.All of the patients recovered safely.Follow-up for 3-24 months showed that the facial contour and aging were improved,and the youthful face form was preserved.Conclusions The face contour correction combined with face-lift is an effective technique to restore the youthful for elderly patients.

Interrelationship among the health-related and subjective quality of life, daily life activities, instrumental activities of daily living of community-dwelling elderly females in orthopedic outpatients.

[Purpose] This study aimed to examine the health-related and subjective quality of life of community-dwelling elderly females in orthopedic outpatients, and also examined how such quality of life correlate with their daily life activities and instrumental activities of daily living. [Subjects and Methods] Subjects were 27 community-dwelling elderly females in orthopedic outpatients (mean age: 76.3 ± 7.4 years). Their health-related quality of life and subjective quality of life, life-space assessment, frenchay activities index were researched. [Results] For the relationships between the total subjective quality of life scores and health-related quality of life scores, significant positive correlations were observed for body pain, general health, vitality, social functions and mental health. The correlations were not statistically significant between the subjective quality of life scores and the life-space assessment and frenchay activities index scores. The correlations were statistically significant between some health-related quality of life scores and the life-space assessment and frenchay activities index scores. [Conclusion] The results suggest that supporting community-dwelling elderly females in orthopedic outpatients to improve their sense of physical and mental well-being, and prevent and reduce their depression and physical pain, is required in order to improve their QOL.

Kinesiophobia and associated factors in elderly females with chronic musculoskeletal pain: pilot study / Ocorrência de cinesiofobia e fatores associados em idosas com dor crônica musculoesquelética: um estudo piloto

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Fear of movement and re/injury (kinesiophobia) is factor associated to chronic pain and incapacity. Since elderly population is highly affected by chronic health problems followed by pain, especially musculoskeletal problems, it is important to understand the impact of pain-related fear on elderly females' health. This study aimed at determining the incidence of kinesiophobia in elderly females assisted in a geriatrics and gerontology ambulatory, as well as at investigating possible correlations with physical performance and other health and socio-demographic variables. METHODS: This is a crossover exploratory study with nonprobabilistic convenience sample of 30 elderly females, carried out with interviews, physical tests and medical charts review. Patients were evaluated for the presence of kinesiophobia, physical performance and other variables related to chronic musculoskeletal pain, in addition to socio-demographic information. RESULTS: There has been kinesiophobia in 80% of the sample. There has been significant moderate correlation between physical performance and kinesiophobia (r=541; p=0.002). No other correlations were found. CONCLUSION: Data have shown high incidence of kinesiophobia among evaluated elderly females, in addition to physical performance impairment associated to it.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O medo de movimento e reincidência de lesão (cinesiofobia) é um fator associado à dor crônica e incapacidade. Visto que a população idosa é altamente atingida por problemas crônicos de saúde acompanhados por dor, especialmente musculoesqueléticos, faz-se relevante a compreensão dos impactos do medo relacionado à dor sobre a saúde das idosas. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a ocorrência de cinesiofobia em idosas atendidas em um ambulatório geriátrico e gerontológico, bem como investigar possíveis correlações com desempenho físico e outras variáveis de saúde e sócio-demográficas. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal exploratório com amostra por conveniência não probabilística de 30 idosas, realizado por meio de entrevista, teste físico e revisão de prontuário. Foram avaliadas quanto à presença de cinesiofobia, ao desempenho físico e a outras variáveis relacionadas à saúde e à dor crônica musculoesquelética, além de informações sócio-demográficas. RESULTADOS: A amostra estudada revelou ocorrência de cinesiofobia de 80%. Houve correlação significativa moderada entre desempenho físico e cinesiofobia (r=541; p=0,002). Não foram encontradas demais correlações. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados revelam alta ocorrência de cinesiofobia nas idosas avaliadas e comprometimento do desempenho físico associado à mesma.

A retrospective comparative study of clinicopathological features between young and elderly women with breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: This is a retrospective study to compare the clinicopathological features between young and elderly women with breast cancer. METHODS: Totally 181 young and 186 elderly breast cancer patients were analyzed and compared in respects of the histological subtype, tumor number and size, tumor location, histological grading, UICC-pTNM pathological staging, and lymph node metastasis status. RESULTS: Our results showed that invasive ductal carcinoma was the most frequent histotype in young and elderly breast cancer patients. The second most frequent histological subtype was intraductal carcinoma in the young group, while the second leading histotype was invasive lobular carcinoma in the elderly group. No significant differences in tumor number and location were observed between the young and elderly groups. The percentage of patients with tumor size T3 (diameter > 5 cm) and the proportion of patients with histological grade III in the young group were significantly higher than the elderly group. For UICC-pTNM pathological staging, patients at stages 0-I and II in the young group were less than, while patients at stage III was more than, in the elderly group. In addition, the axillary lymph node metastasis rate and the numbers of axillary lymph node metastasis were elevated in the young group, compared with the elderly group. CONCLUSION: Breast cancer in young female patients is associated with increased aggressiveness and potential malignancy. Our findings might contribute to future diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in young women.

Influence of Regional Difference in Bone Mineral Density on Hip Fracture Site in Elderly Females by Finite Element Analysis.

Hip fracture is a kind of osteoporotic fractures in elderly patients. Its important monitoring indicator is to measure bone mineral density (BMD) using DXA. The stress characteristics and material distribution in different parts of the bones can be well simulated by three-dimensional finite element analysis. Our previous studies have demonstrated a linear positive correlation between clinical BMD and the density of three-dimensional finite element model of the femur. However, the correlation between the density variation between intertrochanteric region and collum femoris region of the model and the fracture site has not been studied yet. The present study intends to investigate whether the regional difference in the density of three-dimensional finite element model of the femur can be used to predict hip fracture site in elderly females. The CT data of both hip joints were collected from 16 cases of elderly female patients with hip fractures. Mimics 15.01 software was used to reconstruct the model of proximal femur on the healthy side. Ten kinds of material properties were assigned. In Abaqus 6.12 software, the collum femoris region and intertrochanteric region were, respectively, drawn for calculating the corresponding regional density of the model, followed by prediction of hip fracture site and final comparison with factual fracture site. The intertrochanteric region/collum femoris region density was [(1.20 ± 0.02) × 10(6)] on the fracture site and [(1.22 ± 0.03) × 10(6)] on the non-fracture site, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.03). Among 16 established models of proximal femur on the healthy side, 14 models were consistent with the actual fracture sites, one model was inconsistent, and one model was unpredictable, with the coincidence rate of 87.5 %. The intertrochanteric region or collum femoris region with lower BMD is more prone to hip fracture of the type on the corresponding site.

Effect of stationary cycle exercise on gait and balance of elderly women.

[Purpose] A stationary bicycle exercise and a treadmill exercise were conducted in order to determine the effect of these exercises on the balance and walking ability of elderly women. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-four elderly women aged 65 or older were equally assigned to a stationary bicycle exercise group and a treadmill exercise group, and they performed exercise three times per week for 8 weeks for 20 minutes each time. In order to examine gait, step length and time were measured as parameters of walking ability, and in order to examine dynamic balance, subjects were evaluated with the Berg balance scale (BBS). [Results] After the intervention, step time and step length and BBS significantly increased significantly decreased, in both groups. A comparison of BBS after the intervention between the two groups revealed that the stationary bicycle group showed larger increases than the treadmill group. [Conclusion] The stationary bicycle exercise group and treadmill exercise group showed significant improvements in gait and balance. Stationary bicycle exercise can help to prevent falls by improving the balance of elderly persons.

The effects of pilates mat exercise on the balance ability of elderly females.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Pilates exercise on a mat and balance exercise on an unstable base of support for trunk stability on the balance ability of elderly females. [Subjects and Methods] Forty elderly women aged 65 or older were equally assigned to a Pilates mat exercise (PME) group and an unstable support surface exercise (USSE) group. They conducted exercise three times per week for 12 weeks for 40 minutes each time. In order to examine balance, sway length and the speed of the center of foot pressure were measured for one minute, and in order to examine dynamic balance, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test was conducted. [Results] After the intervention, sway length, sway speed, and TUG significantly decreased in both groups. A comparison of sway speed after the intervention between the two groups revealed that the PME group showed larger decreases than the USSE group. [Conclusion] PME and USSE elicited significant effects on the static and dynamic balance of elderly female subjects, suggesting that those exercises are effective at enhancing the balance ability of this group of subjects. However, the Pilates mat exercise is regarded as being safer than exercise on an unstable base of support.

The effects of combined exercise intervention on body composition and physical fitness in elderly females at a nursing home.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of practicable combined exercise program in daily lives on body composition and physical fitness in elderly females. A total of 34, old female adults and all over 75 yr of age participated in this study. Collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS PC win 12.0/pc for by paired simple T-test. Alpha was set at .05. The results of the study showed statistical significance in weight (P< 0.001), body fat mass (P< 0.001), waist-hip ratio (P< 0.001), basal metabolic rate (P< 0.05), body mass index (P< 0.001), standing-up and down on a chair (P< 0.001) and showed not statistically significant in one leg standing with eyes closed, back hand holding, grip strength and emotional state. But it was found that there was significant change in a mean value between pre and post test.