Validity of the Cost-Effectiveness of Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization Following Hematoma Evacuation for Initial Chronic Subdural Hematoma.

BACKGROUND: Despite numerous articles about middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) highlighting its efficacy and safety for recurrent chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), the appropriateness of adjunctive MMAE after hematoma evacuation for initial CSDH remains unclear from a cost-effectiveness perspective. METHODS: Patients with CSDH were enrolled in this study and were prospectively divided into two groups: the "conventional treatment" group, which was treated with hematoma evacuation alone, and the "MMAE" group, which was treated with adjunctive MMAE after hematoma evacuation. The proportion of patients requiring retreatment, length of hospital stay, economic costs, and modified Rankin Score (mRS) were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: In this study, 53 cases were included, with 30 classified into the conventional treatment group and 23 classified into the MMAE group. In the conventional treatment group, the proportion of patients who required surgical retreatment was higher than that in the MMAE group (16.7% vs. 8.7%). The relative risk was 0.522 (95% confidence interval, 0.111-2.45). Although the addition of MMAE increased the cost per hospitalization by 26%, the increase in cost per patient was limited to 12% owing to the reduction in patients who relapsed and required a second hospitalization. The increase in cost was not statistically significant. The MMAE group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with favorable outcomes (mRS 0-2) (56.7% vs. 87.0%, p = 0.0328). CONCLUSIONS: By minimizing the increase in hospitalization days and procedure costs, MMAE following hematoma evacuation for initial CSDH could decrease the retreatment rate and balance the total medical costs associated with MMAE.

Embosphere microspheres size for bronchial artery embolization in patients with hemoptysis caused by bronchiectasis: a retrospective comparative analysis of 500-750 versus 700-900 µm microspheres.

BACKGROUND: Bronchial arterial embolization (BAE) has been accepted as an effective treatment for bronchiectasis-related hemoptysis. However, rare clinical trials compare different sizes of specific embolic agents. This study aims to evaluate whether different Embosphere microsphere sizes change the outcome of BAE. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on consecutive patients with bronchiectatic hemoptysis who were scheduled to undergo BAE treatment during a period from January 2018 to December 2022. The patients received BAE using microspheres of different sizes: group A patients were treated with 500-750 µm microspheres, and group B patients were treated with 700-900 µm microspheres. The cost of embolic microspheres (Chinese Yuan, CNY), duration of hospitalization, complications, and hemoptysis-free survival were compared between patients in group A and those in group B. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify predictors of recurrent hemoptysis. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 30.2 months (range, 20.3-56.5 months). The final analysis included a total of 112 patients (49-77 years of age; 45 men). The patients were divided into two groups: group A (N = 68), which received 500-750 µm Embosphere microspheres, and group B (N = 44), which received 700-900 µm Embosphere microspheres. Except for the cost of embolic microspheres(group A,5314.8 + 1301.5 CNY; group B, 3644.5 + 1192.3 CNY; p = 0.042), there were no statistically significant differences in duration of hospitalization (group A,7.2 + 1.4 days; group B, 8 + 2.4days; p = 0.550), hemoptysis-free survival (group A, 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, 85.9%, 75.8%, 62.9%; group B, 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, 88.4%, 81.2%,59.4%;P = 0.060), and complications(group A,26.5%; group B, 38.6%; p = 0.175) between the two groups. No major complications were observed. The multivariate analysis results revealed that the presence of cystic bronchiectasis (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.12-2.83; P = 0.001) and systemic arterial-pulmonary shunts (SPSs) (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.10-2.72; P = 0.028) were independent risk factors for recurrent bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: For the treatment of BAE in patients with bronchiectasis-related hemoptysis, 500-750 µm diameter Embosphere microspheres have a similar efficacy and safety profile compared to 700-900 µm diameter Embosphere microspheres, especially for those without SPSs or cystic bronchiectasis. Furthermore, the utilization of large-sized (700-900 µm) Embosphere microspheres is associated with the reduced cost of an embolic agent.

Analysis of therapeutic efficacy of endovascular embolization using Embosphere microsphere in the treatment of massive hemoptysis / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of Embosphere microsphere in the treatment of massive hemoptysis during bronchial arterial embolization(BAE).To analyze the factors influencing the recurrence by Cox regression model.Methods Ninety patients with massive hemoptysis who underwent BAE using Embosphere microsphere were included.The immediate hemo-stasis rate within 24 hours,clinical success rate and prognostic factors were statistically analyzed.Results The immediate hemosta-sis rate within 24 hours was 94.4％(85/90).The clinical success rate was 56.7％(51/90).Cumulative hemoptysis-free recurrence con-trol rates at 6 months,1 year and 2 years postoperative were 81％,78％and 57％,respectively.Cox regression model analysis showed that the variables associated with recurrence were long-term hemoptysis,lung cancer,tuberculosis and lung destruction.Conclusion Embosphere microsphere are safe and effective embolic particles in the treatment of massive hemoptysis during BAE.Risk factors for hemoptysis recurrence include long-term hemoptysis,lung cancer,tuberculosis and lung destruction.

Two-year outcomes comparing Embosphere® microspheres versus Imipenem Cilastatin for genicular artery embolization in patients with moderate to severe knee osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND: Genicular artery embolization (GAE) is a novel technique and has the potential to provide midterm relief of pain for patients with mild-to-moderate knee osteoarthritis resistant to conservative management. This study compares the efficacy and safety of trisacryl gelatin microspheres to Imipenem/Cilastatin particles for GAE with 2 years of clinical follow-up. METHODS: In this retrospective study, eight patients with knee osteoarthritis (11 knees) who underwent GAE with 100-300 µm trisacryl gelatin microspheres particles were compared with six patients (nine knees) who underwent GAE with Imipenem/Cilastatin particles. Clinical outcomes were evaluated at 3-month and 24-month follow-ups and compared to baseline using the WOMAC questionnaire. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 796 days (range: 736-808). There were no significant differences in clinical outcome measures at the 3-month or 24-month follow-up. Both embolic materials resulted in a decrease in Pain WOMAC and Total WOMAC scores at 3 months (p < 0.05), and the effect of treatment on Pain WOMAC and Total WOMAC score reduction was sustained until the 24-month follow-up (p < 0.05). Minor events (Clavien-Dindo classification grade I) included transient cutaneous color change (n = 3) and transient leg numbness (n = 1) after embolization with trisacryl gelatin microspheres particles (p = 0.08). All minor adverse events resolved spontaneously. There were no major adverse events. CONCLUSION: One hundred to three hundred µm trisacryl gelatin microspheres particles can be considered for genicular artery embolization and is comparable to Imipenem/Cilastatin particles in pain reduction of moderate to severe knee osteoarthritis. A sustained effect is observed for up to 2 years of follow-up.

Investigation of the Physical Properties and Clinical Application of Embosphere Microspheres.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to understand physical characteristics of Embosphere microspheres for the clinical use of microsphere chemotherapy embolization of liver cancer. METHODS: The morphology of Embosphere microspheres in different states, including static, oscillating, and in a magnetic field was observed with the naked eye. Ninety-five patients diagnosed with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were separated into 3 groups based on the types of embolic material as follows: 32 cases of sole microspheres, 34 cases of iodinated oil (17 cases with additional application of gelatin sponge particle), and 29 cases of iodinated oil + Embosphere microspheres. RESULTS: The diameter of the microspheres ranged from 100 to 300 µm, with a sedimentation rate υ = 0.0375 cm/s in physiological saline. The diameter of microspheres ranged from 300 to 500 µm, with a sedimentation rate υ = 0.1875 cm/s. The swelling rate of microspheres was 90%. Microspheres showed nondirectional movement in a 1.5- or 3.0-T magnetic field during magnetic resonance imaging. A volumetric ratio of 1:1.4-1:1.5 between microspheres and contrast agent resulted in optimal suspension properties. Microspheres appeared circular with a smooth surface upon water adsorption. Microsphere embolism was observable in blood vessels of pathological sections. The surface of microspheres can adsorb 5-fluorouracil and arsenic trioxide. There are statistically significant differences in local-regional tumor control conditions among patients treated with sole microspheres, iodinated oil, and iodinated oil + microspheres during transarterial chemoembolization. CONCLUSIONS: Embosphere microspheres can be used to embolize patients with rupture and hemorrhage of HCC. Embosphere microsphere embolization is superior to iodinated oil and iodinated oil + microsphere for HCC.

Clinicopathologic Factors Associated with Tumor Necrosis after Preoperative Embolization of Meningiomas.

Objective: Preoperative embolization of meningiomas induces necrosis prior to surgery and facilitates resection. Lack of contrast enhancement on postembolization MRI correlates with pathological findings of necrosis and can be used to assess embolization efficacy. This study aimed to examine clinicopathologic factors associated with tumor necrosis after embolization. Methods: A total of 119 patients with intracranial meningioma who underwent 145 surgical resections between 2010 and 2019 at our institute were reviewed. Inclusion criteria for the study were preoperative embolization with trisacryl gelatin microspheres (Embosphere) or absorbable gelatine sponge (Gelfoam). Postembolization Gd-enhanced T1-weighted and angiographic imaging, and histopathologic examination results were reviewed to evaluate the effectiveness of embolization. Results: In all, 66 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. In total, 36 patients were embolized with Embosphere and 30 patients were embolized with Gelfoam. Patients embolized with Embosphere had a significantly higher necrosis rate (NR) than patients with Gelfoam (21% vs. 7.1%, P <0.01). The 36 Embosphere patients were analyzed regarding clinicopathologic factors associated with NR. Tumors in 12 patients were located in the parasagittal/falx region; these patients had a significantly lower NR compared with tumors in other locations (10.6% vs. 26.2%, P = 0.016). In all, 13 patients had feeders arising from only the middle meningeal artery (MMA), which was associated with a significantly higher NR (29.3% vs. 14.4%, P = 0.015). In total, 11 patients had meningeal feeders arising from internal carotid artery (ICA), which was associated with a significantly lower NR (9.0% vs. 26.3%, P <0.01). Conclusion: This study showed embolization agent, tumor location, and blood supply were important factors predicting necrosis after preoperative embolization.

Application of percutaneous transluminal septal branch microsphere embolization in the treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of percutaneous transluminal septal branch anhydrous alcohol ablation (PTSAAA) and percutaneous transluminal septal branch microsphere embolization (PTSBME) in the treatment of patients with symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.Methods:The clinical data of 55 patients with symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy treated by PTSAAA and PTSBME were retrospectively analyzed, among whom 27 were treated with PTSAAA and 28 with PTSBME. The changes of postoperative indicators of the two groups of patients were compared, including the improvement degree of symptoms [shortness of breath after activity (cardiac function NYHA classification), chest tightness, chest pain (angina CCS classification) and amaurosis, the decrease of left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient (LVOTPG)], the ventricular septum thickness shown by color Doppler echocardiography, the incidences of complications at postoperative month 6 and 12, and the incidences of cardiovascular events at follow-up month 12. LSD- t, χ 2 or Fisher exact probability methods were used to compare the differences of indicators between the two groups. Results:Compared to the relative indicators before operation, there were significant differences in shortness of breath after activity, chest pain and amaurosis, LVOTPG, ventricular septum thickness, the incidences of complications at postoperative month 6 and 12 and the incidences of cardiovascular events at follow-up month 12 in both the PTSAAA group and PTSBME group ( P<0.05). The PTSBME group was not inferior to the PTSAAA group in the improvement degree of amaurosis, cardiac function NYHA classification and angina CCS classification and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at postoperative month 6 and 12 ( P>0.05) as well as in the LVOTPG decrease and the ventricular septum thickness at postoperative month 6 [(16.8±7.5) mmHg vs (15.8±7.3) mmHg, (19.8±4.9) mm vs (17.4±4.1) mm, P>0.05], but was superior to the PTSAAA group in the LVOTPG decrease and the ventricular septum thickness at postoperative month 12 [(15.2±6.7) mmHg vs (9.8±5.4) mmHg, (18.4±5.1) mm vs (12.2±3.2) mm, P<0.05]. There were statistical significances in the incidences of cardiovascular events and third degree atrio-ventricular block and nosocomial mortality between the two groups (6 vs 1; 5 vs 0, P<0.05), and the PTSBME group was superior to the PTSAAA group in safety. Conclusion:PTSBME may be a safe and effective method for the management of patients with symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

Midterm Follow-Up of Patients with Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization in Intractable Chronic Subdural Hematoma.

OBJECTIVE: A subset of patients with chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) remains refractory to standard treatment with hematoma drainage by burr-hole craniotomy and irrigation. We recently reported the usefulness of middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization for intractable CSDH in patients with multiple intractable risk factors. We present the midterm outcomes of MMA embolization in patients with intractable CSDHs. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventeen consecutive patients (average age, 76.4 years; 12 men [71%]) underwent MMA embolization of CSDH from January 2014 to July 2017. Earlier interventions included embolization using N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (although trisacryl gelatin microspheres were used in recent cases), followed by burr-hole craniotomy and irrigation in all cases. None of the patients experienced perioperative complications or postoperative recurrence. The modified Rankin Scale scores, which were unfavorable at admission, improved significantly at discharge but were comparable to those at the time of hospitalization when measured during the follow-up period. Although the patients required rehospitalization at other departments for unrelated causes, none required rehospitalization in our department. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the known unfavorable outcomes of patients with intractable CSDHs, MMA embolization was not associated with recurrent CSDH or rehospitalization in our department in the current case series. MMA embolization should be considered a preferred therapeutic option for intractable CSDHs.

Comparison of the efficacy of PVA particles and Embosphere microspheres in the treatment of hypersplenism / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To compare and analyze the efficacy of PVA particles and Embosphere microspheres for partial splenic embolization (PSE)in the treatment of hypersplenism secondary to liver cirrhosis.Methods Sixty patients underwent PSE for treatment of hypersplenism secondary to liver cirrhosis were analyzed retrospectively.According to different PSE embolization materials,they were divided into two groups:30 patients with PVA particles embolization (group A),and other 30 patients with Embosphere microspheres embolization (group B).The changes of white blood cells (WBC),platelets (PLT),spleen thickness,portal vein diameter and postoperative pain and fever were compared on the 3rd day,the 1st week,the 3rd week,the 1st month,the 3rd month,and the 6th month after PSE and compared between the two groups.Results The WBC and PLT of the 2 groups after PSE were significantly higher than those before PSE (all P＜0.05 ).The spleen shrank after 2 months,and there was no significant difference in spleen thickness and portal vein diameter between the two groups at the same time (all P＞0.05).The postoperative pain in group A was significantly less than that in group B (P＜0.05).Conclusion Both PVA particles and Embosphere microspheres have good curative effect in the treatment of hypersplenism secondary to liver cirrhosis. The price of PVA particles is lower than that of Embosphere microspheres,and the postoperative pain degree is lighter than that of Embosphere microsphere,which suggests PVA particles with more advantages in clinical application.

Bronchial Artery Embolization with Large Sized (700-900 µm) Tris-acryl Microspheres (Embosphere) for Massive Hemoptysis: Long-Term Results (Clinical Research).

PURPOSE: To investigate the safety, efficacy and long-term results of bronchial artery embolization with microsphere particles (Embosphere® Microspheres, BioSphere Medical, Rockland, MA) 700-900 µm in size for massive hemoptysis. METHODS: One hundred and seventy-four patients (94 female, 80 male; mean age 39.4 ± 5.7) who had bronchial artery embolization for massive hemoptysis between January 2010 and October 2015 were incorporated in the study. Patients had hemoptysis with a mean volume of 525 ± 150 mL (median 500 mL, range 300-1200 mL) over a 24-h period. Underlying pathologies included bronchial artery hypertrophy due to bronchiectasis (56.3% [98/174]), lung cancer (29.9% [52/174]), tuberculosis (10.3% [18/174]) and the rest remained idiopathic (3.4% [6/174]). Mean bronchial artery diameter before the intervention was 3.8 ± 1.5 mm (median 4 mm, range 3.1-7.5 mm). Median follow-up period was 56 months (range 10-82 months). Primary objectives were the technical and clinical success. RESULTS: Technical success was 100%. Clinical success for preventing massive hemoptysis was 91.9% (160/174). There was no procedure-related mortality or morbidities. Minor complications such as chest pain were observed in nine patients (5.0%). Recurrent hemoptysis (8.1%) was observed within 6 months in 14 patients, ten of whom were treated with a second embolization session and the remaining four with a total of three embolization sessions. CONCLUSION: Bronchial artery embolization for massive hemoptysis with Embosphere particles 700-900 µm in size is a safe and effective method with high technical and clinical success rates. Long-term results are excellent.

Preoperative Embolization of Meningiomas: Differences in Surgical Operability and Histopathologic Changes Between Embosphere and N-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine whether there is a difference in the difficulty of extirpation after use of Embosphere versus n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) for the embolization of meningiomas. METHODS: Study subjects were 20 patients with meningioma who underwent embolization using either NBCA or Embosphere from April 2012 to December 2016. The difficulty of extirpation was compared and assessed in terms of objective indices, such as operative duration, perioperative bleeding, and Simpson grade, and in terms of subjective indices such as "impression on operative field" and "hardness of tumors" that the surgeon assessed using 3-point scales (dry, moderate, bloody, and soft, moderate, hard, respectively). Pathologic findings, including ischemia, necrosis, and inflammatory changes, were assessed. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the 2 groups regarding the mean values of operative duration (P = 0.27), perioperative bleeding (P = 0.23), and Simpson grade (P = 0.39). On the other hand, there was a significant difference with respect to the "impression on operative field" and "hardness of tumors," with reports of dry (54%; P = 0.034) and soft (81%; P = 0.0001), respectively, in the Embosphere group exceeding those of the NBCA group. The pathologic findings showed that although ischemic change (P = 0.43) and necrosis (P = 0.79) were observed in both groups, perivascular inflammation was observed only in the NBCA group (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: No relative merits were found regarding objective indices, whereas the Embosphere group had superior "ease of extirpation" as reported by the surgeon.

Effects of TGF-ß on uterine fibroids of women of childbearing age and uterine artery embolization.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) on uterine fibroids of women of childbearing age and uterine artery embolization (UAE) using Embosphere microspheres. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 128 eligible women were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group (n = 64) who received UAE using Embosphere microspheres and panhysterectomy, respectively. Another 128 healthy women receiving physical examination in the same period were also enrolled. Serum TGF-ß levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum TGF-ß level, size of uterine fibroid and prognosis were followed up. RESULTS: The serum TGF-ß level of patients was significantly higher than that of healthy subjects. After treatment, the red blood cell counts and hemoglobin levels of the two patient groups significantly increased compared with those before (p < .05). After UAE, the diameter of uterine fibroids was significantly smaller than that before treatment, and the TGF-ß level significantly decreased (p < .05). The expression of TGF-ß in uterine fibroids was significantly higher than that in surrounding normal tissue (p < .05). CONCLUSION: With the uterus retained, the therapeutic effect of UAE was similar to that of panhysterectomy. TGF-ß expression level was associated with growth of uterine fibroid in women of childbearing age, which can be used as a target for treatment.

Safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with embospheres in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with embospheres for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Patients with unresectable HCC who were treated with TACE followed by embosphere treatment (Embo-TACE) or conventional TACE (cTACE) between May 2010 and March 2014 were retrospectively included in this study. The Embo-TACE group received lipiodol and chemotherapeutic agent emulsion, followed by embospheres. The cTACE group received lipiodol and chemotherapeutic agent emulsion, followed by gelatin sponge pellets. Time to progression (TTP), overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), and safety were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses of the factors affecting survival were conducted. RESULTS: The median TTP and OS in the Embo-TACE group were significantly longer than those in the cTACE group (TPP: 7.0 months vs 5.4 months, P = 0.035; OS: 15 months vs 12 months, P = 0.032). Seven days after the first TACE treatment, alanine aminotransferase level was higher in the cTACE group than in the Embo-TACE group (P = 0.015). The ORR did not significantly differ between the two groups (P = 0.827). Additional therapy and local responses one month after the first TACE treatment were associated with OS. CONCLUSIONS: Embo-TACE resulted in a significant improvement in TTP and OS for patients with unresectable HCC, compared with cTACE. Furthermore, Embo-TACE was better tolerated. Additional therapy and local responses one month after the first TACE were independent prognostic factors for OS.

Transarterial embolization of hypervascular tumors using trisacryl gelatin microspheres (Embosphere): a prospective multicenter clinical trial in Japan.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of transarterial embolization (TAE) using trisacryl gelatin microspheres (TGMs) for hypervascular tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective multicenter clinical trial involving five institutions. TAE using TGMs was performed for hypervascular tumors in various locations. The primary endpoint was the technical success. The secondary endpoints included catheter accessibility, preservation of the feeding arteries, local tumor response based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Cancer of the Liver (RECICL) and adverse events related to TAE based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients with liver tumors (n = 9), uterine fibroids (n = 3) and other tumors (n = 11) were enrolled. The technical success rate was 95.7 % (22 of 23 patients). Catheter accessibility and preservation of the feeding arteries were obtained in all 55 target vessels (100 %). Local tumor response rates were 46.7 and 55.8 % at 4 and 12 weeks, respectively. Eighteen (78.3 %) patients developed 53 symptomatic events including grade ≧3 events: hypertension 21.7 %, pain 8.7 %, vomiting 4.3 % and anorexia 4.3 %, all related to postembolization syndromes. CONCLUSION: TAE using TGMs was technically feasible and safe for devascularization of hypervascular tumors.

Successful Preoperative Chemoembolization in the Treatment of a Giant Malignant Phyllodes Tumor.

The malignant phyllodes tumor is a relatively rare neoplasm and has not previously been a therapeutic target of interventional radiology. Herein, we report a successful case of preoperative chemoembolization of a giant malignant phyllodes tumor. The objective was to achieve sufficient tumor shrinkage before surgery to avoid the requirement for skin grafting after resection. Intra-arterial epirubicin infusion and subsequent embolization with Embosphere Microspheres (BioSphere Medical, Rockland, MA, USA) was undertaken three times over the course of 6 weeks and was well tolerated. The patient underwent surgery without skin grafting. Neither local recurrence nor distant metastasis was observed at 6 months after surgery.

Comparative study on the efficacy and safety of interventional therapy of uterine fibroid using Embosphere and Pingyangmycin lipiodol emulsion / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To observe the curative effect and safety of interventional therapy of uterine fibroids using Embosphere and Pingyangmycin lipiodol emulsion.Methods The clinical data of 120 cases with uterine fibroids treated in our hospital were reviewed,and the patients were according to the different treatments given,divided into two groups (each with 60 cases).Patients in control group were treated with interventional therapy of Pingyangmycin lipiodol emulsion,while patients in the study group were given interventional therapy of Embosphere.The clinical efficacy and safety in the two groups were compared.Results The total efficiency in the study group was 93.33%,which was significantly higher than that in the control group (75.00%),and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The comprehensive indexes after the treatment were improved in both groups compared with those before the treatment,and the improvement in the study group was significantly better than the control group (P<0.05,P<0.01).Besides,the total incidence of adverse effects in the study group was 11.67%,which was significantly lower than that in the control group (26.67%)(P<0.05). Conclusion The interventional therapy using Embosphere has better effect on uterine fibroid compared with the therapy using Pingyangmycin lipiodol emulsion,which is worthwhile to be brought into clinical application.

An overview of embolic agents.

Therapeutic embolization is a common procedure in interventional radiology. A wide variety of agents are available, and each has its own place and use. Additionally, many new agents have appeared on the market in the past several years. The aim of this review article is to give a brief description of available agents, guide appropriate selection, and familiarize the reader regarding appropriate use and limitations.