Diabetes Distress and Associated Factors Among Chinese Americans with Type 2 Diabetes in New York City.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe diabetes distress and related factors among Chinese Americans with type 2 diabetes in New York City (NYC). Methods: We conducted a secondary data analysis of the baseline data from three research studies conducted among community-dwelling Chinese American adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS) was used to measure sources of diabetes distress including emotional-, regimen-, interpersonal-, and physician-related distress. A score of 2 or greater indicates moderate diabetes distress or higher. Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) was used to measure depressive symptoms. Participants' sociodemographic information was also collected. Descriptive statistics were used to describe diabetes distress, and logistic least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to examine factors associated with diabetes distress level. Results: Data from 178 participants (mean age 63.55±13.56 years) were analyzed. Most participants were married (76.40%), had a high school degree or less (65.73%), had a household annual income < $25,000 (70.25%), and reported limited English proficiency (93.22%). About 25.84% reported moderate or higher overall distress. The most common sources of distress were emotional burden (29.78%), followed by regimen- (28.65%), interpersonal- (18.54%), and physician-related distress (14.04%). Participants who were younger, female, limited English proficient, and had elevated depressive symptoms were more likely to have higher diabetes distress. Conclusion: Diabetes distress is prevalent among Chinese immigrants with type 2 diabetes, especially emotional- and regimen-related distress. Given the known link between diabetes distress and poor glycemic control, it is critical to screen for diabetes distress at primary care clinics and incorporate psychological counseling in diabetes care in this underserved population.

Exploring emotional distress symptom clusters in young adults with childhood traumatic brain injury.

BACKGROUND: Depression, anxiety, and stress are persistent and co-occurring symptoms in survivors of childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI), and often impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This paper explored emotional distress symptom clusters and associated factors in young adults with childhood TBI. METHODS: We included 54 young adults who sustained mild (n = 14), moderate (n = 27), and severe (n = 13) childhood TBI, at 20 years post-injury. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale was administered. Cluster group membership was identified using two-step clustering and hierarchical clustering methods, and associated factors were assessed with multiple regression models. RESULTS: Two symptom cluster groups were identified, including a No Distress (n = 66%) and an Elevated Distress (n = 33%) group, with the latter showing significantly higher symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress (all p < .001). Elevated Distress group membership was linked to tobacco use and poor sleep quality, while poor HRQoL was associated with younger age at injury and Elevated Distress group membership. CONCLUSIONS: Using cluster methodology, we showed that one-third of young adults with childhood TBI had elevated emotional distress symptoms. This underscores the complex emotional profile of this subgroup and the need for assessment, analysis, and treatment methods that target a range of symptoms rather than relying on single-diagnostic protocols. ABBREVIATIONS: ANOVA: Analysis of Variance; CT: Computed Tomography; DASS: Depression Anxiety Stress Scale; GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale; HREC: Human Research Ethics Committee; HRQoL: Health-Related Quality of Life; IBM: International Business Machines Corporation; MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; PTA: Post-Traumatic Amnesia; QoL: Quality of Life; QOLIBRI: Quality of Life after Brain Injury Scale; REDCap: Research Electronic Data Capture; SES: Socioeconomic Status; SPSS: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences; TBI: Traumatic Brain Injury.

Exploring the relationship between binge eating and differentiation of self: the mediating role of emotional distress and work stress.

Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is a prevalent eating disorder outlined in the DSM-5. Emotional distress (including stress, anxiety, and depression) stands out as a critical risk factor for developing eating disorders, and specifically BED. Recent studies have identified differentiation of self- a family pattern involving the ability to balance emotions and cognitions, as well as intimacy and autonomy-as a factor that exacerbates emotional distress. This relationship highlights the importance of addressing both emotional distress and family dynamics in understanding BED. While associations have been found between work-related factors and family dynamics with emotional distress, there has been limited investigation into the specific risk factors that are uniquely linked to BED. It was hypothesized that differentiation of self would relate to BED symptoms through the mediation of emotional distress and work stress. A systematic sampling method was applied to select a total of 275 participants for this study, with 60% women and 40% men (aged 20-45, M = 32.71, SD = 7.50). The findings suggest that low differentiation of self may increase vulnerability to BED symptoms by increasing susceptibility to emotional distress, including stress in the workplace. In addition, the analyses indicated that women reported higher levels of BED symptoms, while men reported higher levels of differentiation of self. The study sheds light on the contribution of unregulated family and emotional patterns to BED, providing valuable insights for organizations seeking to promote healthier work environments.

The burden and its determinants of mental health distress among adolescents dwelling in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Adolescent mental health issues are emerging as a significant public health concern across many low- and middle-income countries, particularly in Africa. This study aims to evaluate the aggregated prevalence and contributing risk factors of mental health distress among adolescents in Africa. METHODOLOGY: A comprehensive search of PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and HINARI databases was conducted to identify relevant articles on the prevalence and risk factors associated with mental health distress among African adolescents, published up to December 2023. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Heterogeneity among the studies was evaluated using the I² statistical test. Potential publication bias was assessed through a funnel plot and Egger's statistical test. This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO under reference number CRD42023494665. RESULTS: Eighteen studies encompassing data from 37,016 adolescents were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of mental health distress among adolescents in Africa was found to be 27.34% (95% CI: 23.18-31.50). The occurrence of mental health distress is observed in older adolescents at a prevalence of 29.44% (95% CI: 23.26-35.66) and in younger adolescents at 24.73% (95% CI: 11.96-37.51). Significant risk factors identified included bullying victimization, with an odds ratio (POR) of 1.30 (95% CI: 1.16, 1.46), and experiencing hunger, with an odds ratio (POR) of 2.10 (95% CI: 1.13, 3.91). CONCLUSION: The findings indicate a high prevalence of mental health distress among adolescents in Africa, highlighting the widespread impact on this demographic. These results underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions to prevent and address mental health distress among adolescents. Further research on a global scale is essential to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies tailored to this age group.

Officer gunpoint during police stops: Repercussions for youth mental health and perceived safety.

Youth-police contact is increasingly acknowledged as a stressor and a racialized adverse childhood experience that can undermine youths' mental health. The present study investigates a particularly distressing feature of youths' direct and witnessed in-person police stops-officer gunpoint (i.e., officers drawing of firearms and pointing them at youth, their peers, or other community members). We examine patterns of youths' officer gunpoint exposure and associations with youth mental health and safety perceptions. Data come from the Survey of Police-Adolescent Contact Experiences (SPACE), a cross-sectional survey of a community-based sample of Black youth ages 12-21 in Baltimore City, Maryland (n = 335), administered from August 2022 to July 2023. Findings indicate that ~33% of youth reporting in-person police stops had been exposed to officer gunpoint during stops. Officer gunpoint was significantly and positively associated with being male, unemployed, having an incarcerated parent, living in a neighborhood with greater disorder, and having been directly stopped by police, in addition to youth delinquency and impulsivity. Net of covariates, experiencing officer gunpoint was associated with a significantly higher rate of youth emotional distress during stops. Significant associations between officer gunpoint and youths' current police violence stress, police avoidance, and diminished safety perceptions also emerged and were largely explained by youths' heightened emotional distress at the time of police stops. Trauma-informed approaches are needed to mitigate the mental health harms of youth experiencing officer gunpoint.

Psychological distress symptoms in nurses and their intention to leave: A cross-sectional secondary data analysis.

AIM: This study aimed to examine the psychological symptoms of distress among nurses in relation to their intention to leave. DESIGN: This study was a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional survey collected between November 2020 and March 2021. METHODS: Chi-square was used to examine the associations between the demographic characteristics and intention to leave and psychological distress symptoms-feeling depressed, anxious and worried. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine if work settings, position (staff, charge, administrators, educators/researchers and advanced practice registered nurses) and years of experience were associated with psychological distress and intention to leave. A mediation analysis examined if psychological distress mediated the relationship between years of experience and intention to leave. RESULTS: Overall, psychological distress was significantly positively associated with intention to leave and negatively associated with years of experience. Nurses with less than 2 years of experience had increased psychological distress, while nurses with >25 years of experience had decreased psychological distress. Both groups of nurses had increased intention to leave compared to those with 16-25 years of experience. Psychological distress partially mediated intention to leave in nurses with less than 2 years of experience and more so among nurses with >25 years of experience. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that nurses encounter psychological distress symptoms, such as feeling anxious, depressed and worried, that contribute to an increased intention to leave. Among the workplace locations, nurses practicing in nursing homes had the highest intention to leave. IMPACT: The study emphasizes that organizations need to focus on mitigating distress across all levels of nurses to promote retention efforts and intention to stay. REPORTING METHOD: The authors adhered to the STROBE guidelines. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient contribution. Completion of the survey in the original study (NWWS) implied consent from the participating nurses.

Associations between capacity of cognitive control and sleep quality: a two-wave longitudinal study.

This longitudinal study explored the impact of the upper limit of cognitive control on the sleep quality of high school students. We collected data in two waves to examine four main variables: capacity of cognitive control (CCC), trait mindfulness, emotional distress and sleep quality. At the first time point (T1), trait mindfulness and emotional distress were measured by rating scales, and the CCC was evaluated by revised backward masking majority function task. Sleep quality was rated 5 months later (T2). The results indicated that: (1) the CCC was negatively correlated with trait mindfulness, and trait mindfulness was negatively correlated with emotional stress; (2) there was no simple mediation of either trait mindfulness or emotional distress in the relationship between CCC and sleep quality; (3) instead, the CCC was associated with poor sleep quality in a sequential mediation through trait mindfulness and then emotional stress. The research highlights the importance of trait mindfulness and emotional distress for addressing sleep problems in adolescents.

Relationship Between Maternal Emotional Distress and Early Dyadic Interactions During Hospitalization of Preterm Infants in Malawi.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between emotional distress and mother-preterm infant interactions among mothers who used skin-to-skin care and to explore their experiences of childbirth and continuous skin-to-skin care. DESIGN: A sequential, explanatory, mixed-methods design. SETTING: A neonatal nursery in a tertiary-level hospital in Malawi. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-four mother-preterm infant dyads; we interviewed 15 of these mothers. METHODS: We administered surveys to assess emotional distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and worry about infant health) and video-recorded mother-infant interactions. We used regression analysis to assess the relationship between indicators of emotional distress and mother-infant interactions and further examined whether skin-to-skin care was associated with maternal distress. We used in-depth interviews to collect qualitative data and used content analysis to identify common themes. RESULTS: Symptoms of emotional distress were negatively associated with the frequency of infant negative behaviors and gestures, infant smiling, and mother looking and infant smiling when we controlled for the number of days administering continuous skin-to-skin care, gestational age, and severity of the infant's condition. Mothers reported that they felt stressed by providing continuous skin-to-skin care but appreciated its positive effects on the infant. CONCLUSION: Emotional distress while providing continuous skin-to-skin care was associated with poorer mother-preterm infant interactions The mental distress that mothers undergo while delivering continuous skin-to-skin care to their infants can be draining. It is essential for nurses to offer the required psychological support to enhance maternal mental health and encourage positive infant behavior and development. Health care systems need to support this level of nursing care.

Physical Activity in Patients with Advanced Cancer: Sociodemographic, Clinical, and Psychological Correlates.

As cancer progresses, patients may experience physical decline, which can impair their ability to carry out essential daily tasks. The aim of this study was to analyze the levels of physical activity in patients with advanced cancer undergoing systemic treatment and its relationship with sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological factors. A prospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study was carried out in 15 oncology departments in Spain. Patients with locally advanced, unresectable, or metastatic cancer who were candidates for systemic treatment were included. Participants completed demographic information and psychological scales. In total, 508 patients were included in the study, the majority of whom were male, over the age of 65, and diagnosed with bronchopulmonary tumors (36%) and metastatic disease. Based on their physical activity levels, participants were categorized as sedentary (20%, n = 190), engaging in light physical activity (43%, n = 412), or demonstrating moderate physical activity (37%, n = 351). Patients who were over 65 years old; had a worse baseline status (ECOG ≥ 1); lacked a partner; had a lower educational level; or were retired or unemployed were found to have lower levels of physical activity. Those with sedentary physical activity reported higher levels of psychological distress, anxiety, depression, somatization, and physical symptoms, as well as worse functional status, global health status, and well-being. Understanding the complex interplay between physical activity and sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological factors can help neuroscientists develop tailored exercise interventions that address the unique needs of advanced cancer patients.

Reducing Emotional Distress with Open-Label Placebos: Assessing the Role of Motor Engagement in Pill Consumption.

It has been posited that ingesting a pill constitutes a pivotal action that facilitates the effects of open-label placebos (OLPs: placebos honestly prescribed). In the present OLP experiment, the motor components of a placebo treatment were systematically varied. The participants (n = 183) were randomly allocated to one of four groups that all viewed aversive pictures. The 'active OLP' group took a placebo pill with specific instructions concerning the sequence of motor actions for the intake. The 'usual OLP' group swallowed the pill (without specific motor instructions), while the third group received an 'imaginary OLP' (no pill intake). The fourth group applied cognitive reappraisal (CR; active control group) to reduce emotional distress. The participants rated their affective state as well as the efficacy and plausibility of the treatment approach. Moreover, blood pressure and pulse were recorded as indicators of bodily arousal. The four groups did not differ in their valence ratings and physiological measures. The 'imaginary OLP' received higher ratings for both effectiveness and plausibility than the 'usual OLP'. CR was rated as superior relative to all OLP conditions. In conclusion, reducing emotional distress with OLPs does not necessitate the consumption of a placebo pill. In terms of acceptability and ease of implementation, CR stands as a well-established alternative.

The Association Between Coping Strategies and Psychological and Emotional Distress Among Health Care Providers Caring for Autistic Children in Jordan.

BACKGROUND: Health care providers (HCPs) caring for autistic children report more perceived psychological and emotional distress related to their job. However, not much is known about what can be done to mitigate such distress, especially in countries with limited mental health resources, such as Jordan. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the association between coping strategies (problem-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidant) and perceived emotional and psychological distress among HCPs of autistic children in Jordan. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 180 HCPs working with autistic children in Jordan were recruited through autism centers and social media using an online self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that 31% of the variability in perceived emotional distress was explained by its significant association with problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and avoidant coping. Likewise, 39% of the variability in perceived psychological distress was explained by its significant association with gender, having an immediate family, area of specialty, problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and avoidant coping. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that problem-focused coping significantly decreases perceived emotional distress, whereas emotion-focused and avoidant coping significantly increase perceived emotional distress. Avoidant coping significantly increases perceived psychological distress. Understanding the association between coping strategies and perceived emotional and psychological distress among HCPs can assist mental health nurses in identifying at-risk providers and providing timely emotional and psychological support.

Emotional Distress Symptoms, Coping Efficacy, and Social Support: A Network Analysis of Distress and Resources in Persons With Cancer.

BACKGROUND: The study's main aim was to analyze the structure and configuration of distress symptoms and resource factors. PURPOSE: Common methods of assessing distress symptoms in cancer patients (i) do not capture the configuration of individual distress symptoms and (ii) do not take into account resource factors (e.g., social support, coping, caring health professionals). Network analysis focuses on the configuration and relationships among symptoms that can result in tailored interventions for distress. Network analysis was used to derive a symptom-level view of distress and resource factors. METHODS: Nine hundred and ninety-two cancer patients (mixed diagnoses) completed an abridged Distress Screening Schedule that included 24 items describing symptoms related to distress (depression, anxiety) and resource factors (social support, coping, caring health professionals). RESULTS: In network analysis, the centrality strength index (CSI) is the degree to which an item is connected to all other items, thus constituting an important focal point in the network. A depression symptom had the highest CSI value: felt lonely/isolated (CSI = 1.30). In addition, resource factors related to coping efficacy (CSI = 1.20), actively seeking support (CSI = 1.10), perceiving one's doctor as caring (CSI = 1.10), and receiving social support (CSI = 1.10) also all had very high CSI scores. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These results emphasize the integral importance of the social symptoms of loneliness/isolation in distress. Thus, distress symptoms (loneliness) and resource factors (coping efficacy, seeking social support, and perceiving medical professionals as caring) should be integral aspects of distress management and incorporated into assessment tools and interventions to reduce distress.

Many persons with cancer experience emotional distress (i.e., depression and anxiety). Traditional methods of assessing distress do not capture the complex organization of individual symptoms of depression/anxiety or their relationship with specific personal resources such as seeking support and coping strategies. This study used network analysis to represent the structural configuration of individual distress symptoms and specific resources (agentic coping, seeking support, receiving support, satisfaction with medical care) and relationships between them. Participants were 992 persons with cancer who completed an inventory assessing distress and personal resources. The network configuration showed that loneliness and social isolation were most central to the network of distress symptoms, suggesting that these feelings are the most significant aspects of distress for persons with cancer. Importantly, agentic coping, seeking support, perceiving one's doctor as caring, and receiving social support were also highly central in the network. The results highlight the significance of the social symptoms of distress, namely loneliness and isolation, as well as the central importance of resource factors such as coping efficacy, seeking social support, and perceiving medical professionals as caring. These distress symptoms and resources can be incorporated into assessment tools and interventions to alleviate distress among persons with cancer.

Impact of Urinary Tract and Vaginal Infections on the Physical and Emo-tional Well-being of Women.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection that can affect var-ious parts of the urinary system, with symptoms including frequent urination, painful urina-tion, and lower back pain. UTIs are more common in women due to their shorter urethra, and they can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Vaginitis is an inflammation or in-fection of the vagina caused by factors like bacteria, fungi (Candida), or protozoa (Trichomo-nas). Symptoms include vaginal itching, abnormal discharge, and discomfort during urina-tion or sexual activity. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve antifun-gal or antimicrobial medications. Vaginal infections, such as bacterial vaginosis, yeast infec-tions, trichomoniasis, cervicitis, and atrophic vaginitis, can have various physical, emotional, sexual, and social impacts on the lives of women. These impacts may include discomfort, embarrassment, reduced sexual satisfaction, social isolation, and emotional distress. Support and resources for managing these infections include healthcare providers who can diagnose and prescribe treatment, pharmacies that provide medications and guidance, telemedicine for remote consultations and prescriptions, support groups for emotional and informational sup-port, and online resources for reliable information. They offer a sense of community, infor-mation sharing, and emotional support, making it easier for individuals to manage their vag-initis and related concerns. Utilizing these resources can contribute to a more informed and empowered approach to vaginal infection prevention and treatment.

Maternal stress in pregnancy and pubertal timing in girls and boys: a cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether maternal stress in pregnancy is associated with pubertal timing in girls and boys and to explore potential mediation by childhood body mass index (BMI) and childhood psychosocial stress. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Not applicable. PATIENTS: In total, 14,702 girls and boys from the Puberty Cohort, nested within the Danish National Birth Cohort. INTERVENTION: Maternal stress was obtained from a computer-assisted telephone interview in gestational weeks 30-32 as maternal life stress and emotional distress in pregnancy using questions on the basis of validated screening tools. Maternal life stress and emotional distress in pregnancy were analyzed separately and in an interaction analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pubertal timing was measured half-yearly from age 11 years and throughout pubertal development and assessed as Tanner stages 1-5 (breast and pubic hair development in girls and genital and pubic hair development in boys), menarche in girls, voice break and first ejaculation in boys, and occurrence of acne and axillary hair in both girls and boys. A combined estimate for overall pubertal timing was derived using Huber-White robust variance estimation. Mean differences in age at attaining the pubertal milestones according to prenatal exposure to no (reference), low-, moderate-, or high-maternal stress in pregnancy were estimated using a multivariable censored regression model. Potential mediation by childhood BMI and childhood psychosocial stress was investigated in separate models. RESULTS: After adjustment for potential confounding factors, prenatal exposure to high-maternal life stress (combined estimate: -1.8 months [95% CI, -2.7 to -0.8] and -0.9 months [95% CI, -1.8 to 0.0]), high maternal emotional distress (combined estimate: -1.5 months [95% CI, -2.5 to -0.5] and -1.7 months [95% CI, -2.8 to -0.7]), and both high-maternal life stress and emotional distress (combined estimate: -2.8 months [95% CI, -4.2, to -1.4] and -1.7 months [95% CI, -3.1 to -0.2]) were associated with earlier pubertal timing in girls and boys, respectively. The associations were not mediated by childhood BMI or childhood psychosocial stress. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal exposure to maternal stress in pregnancy was associated with earlier pubertal timing in girls and boys in a dose-dependent manner. The associations were not mediated by childhood BMI or childhood psychosocial stress.

Nurturing Hope: Reproductive Outcomes with Sinosomatics following Unsuccessful in vitro Fertilization Attempts.

INTRODUCTION: For women who have experienced failed attempts at in vitro fertilization (IVF) and face medical issues, leading to infertility, the renewed effort to seek fertility treatment, coupled with decreasing likelihood of success, can exert substantial emotional and physical strains. Consequently, many couples opt to discontinue treatment before attaining pregnancy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproductive outcomes in patients with unsuccessful prior IVF attempts who received a complementary treatment designed to alleviate emotional distress and burden. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of data from infertile patients who initiated the complementary intervention at a private clinic between January 2014 and December 2016 was conducted. Information on diagnosis, history of infertility, prior assisted reproductive technology treatments, mode of conception, and pregnancy outcomes were retrieved. RESULTS: The data of 133 patients with a history of one or more unsuccessful IVF treatments were analyzed. Patients had an average age of 36.7 years (±4.4 SD) and had been experiencing infertility for an average of 4.6 years (±2.7 SD). The two main causes of their infertility were endometriosis (36.1%, 48 patients) and diminished egg quality (31.6%, 42 patients). By May 2020, a significant proportion of the patients, 81.2% (108 patients), had achieved pregnancy, leading to 94 live births, which represents a 70.7% success rate. These pregnancies mostly resulted from natural cycle IVF (35.1%), donor cycles (23.4%), and conventional IVF (21.3%). The dropout rate was comparatively low at 23.3%. The median time from the start of complementary treatment to delivery was 18 months, with a range of 12-28 months. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the potential value of complementary treatment approaches in conjunction with standard medical care for women who have experienced unsuccessful IVF treatments in the past and thus face a reduced chance of motherhood. The reported 71% live birth rate is notably high, indicating that the inclusion of complementary treatments may provide women with past IVF failures a tangible opportunity for achieving successful pregnancy and childbirth. However, these findings need to be confirmed through randomized controlled studies.

Persistent Smell Disorders After COVID-19 Infection and Their Impact on Quality of Life.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to various health challenges, including the disruption of people's sense of smell. Olfactory disorders have been reported as a lingering consequence of COVID-19, with diverse patterns of smell dysfunction experienced by patients. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the impact of persistent smell disorders on the quality of life of individuals who recovered from COVID-19 in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Taif, Saudi Arabia, between October 2023 and January 2024. The study included adults with a history of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection in Taif city. Data were collected using a validated online survey employing a convenience sampling technique. Statistical analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0 (Released 2019; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States), and chi-squared tests were used to assess the relationships. Results The study included 429 participants. A total of 52.7% of the respondents reported a loss of smell after recovering from COVID-19, and 14.9% reported a persistent loss of their sense of smell. The most common types of smell disorders experienced were hyposmia, anosmia, and parosmia. The study revealed emotional distress, changes in eating habits, and social impact among participants with smell disorders. Conclusion This study highlights the high prevalence of persistent smell disorders among individuals who recovered from COVID-19 in Taif, Saudi Arabia. The findings emphasize the complex nature of these disorders and their impact on patients' quality of life. This study contributes valuable information that can inform healthcare practices and support services for individuals experiencing post-COVID-19 smell disorders.

Is bronchial asthma a risk factor for emotional well-being in adolescence? A comparative study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether bronchial asthma could be a risk factor for emotional well-being during adolescence. METHODS AND MEASURES: This is a comparative cross-sectional design. A total of 450 participants aged 12 to 16 years (M = 13.61 and SD = 1.84) were included (150 with bronchial asthma and 300 healthy). For both groups, self-esteem, emotional distress, problems with peers, family styles and psychosocial bonds were assessed. T-tests and multi-group structural equation modelling were used for comparative analyses, and the moderating role was analysed through PROCESS. RESULTS: The t-tests showed a difference in means between the groups, finding lower self-esteem scores in adolescents with asthma, but better emotional well-being, a greater number of bonds and healthier family styles than those of their healthy peers. In the multi-group, the moderating role of bronchial asthma on emotional well-being in adolescence could not be assessed. Moderation analyses indicated that asthma was a moderating variable for the relationship between self-esteem and emotional well-being in adolescence. CONCLUSIONS: Asthma can be a stressful event that makes emotional well-being difficult in the adolescent stage, but there seem to be other more influential factors such as perceived family style or self-esteem.

Cross-cultural translation and validation of the Chinese version Distress Tolerance Scale for adolescents with chronic physical disease.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic physical disease (CPD) makes life filled with many negative events in adolescents, but not all adolescents experiencing negative life events proceed to develop emotional distress, only those with low emotional distress tolerance (EDT). A valid and reliable scale to measure EDT in CPD adolescents is important for caring for their emotional distress. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to translate the 15-item English version Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) into a Chinese version and then validate the scale for measuring EDT of adolescents with CPD. METHODS: The 15-item English version DTS was translated into a Chinese version using the translation guidelines for cross-cultural research. Two cohorts of adolescents with CPD were recruited from four hospitals in southern Taiwan, with the first cohort including 124 adolescents with CPD employed to conduct exploratory factor analysis, corrected item-total correlation and reliability testing, while the second cohort, consisting of 238 adolescents with CPD, was utilized to examine confirmatory factor analysis and concurrent validity. RESULTS: The two-factor nine-item Chinese version DTS for Adolescents with CPD (C-DTS-A) was developed. Lower scores of the C-DTS-A were significantly associated with higher diabetes distress, poorer self-management, and worse glycaemic control; their correlation coefficients sequentially were -.40, .17 and -.23. Cronbach's α and the test-retest reliability of the two-factor C-DTS-A ranged from .81 to .87 and from .79 to .89, respectively. CONCLUSION: The two-factor nine-item C-DTS-A with good cross-cultural translation quality was a reliable and valid scale to assess EDT for adolescents with CPD.

Risk of Sleep Problems in Middle-Aged and Older Adults Experiencing Bodily Pains: Serial Multiple Mediation Estimates of Emotional Distress and Activity Limitations.

OBJECTIVES: Pain is increasingly becoming common among middle-aged and older adults. While research on the association between pain characteristics and sleep problems (SP) is limited in low- and middle-income countries, the underlying mechanisms of the association are poorly understood. This study examines the association of bodily pain intensity and pain interference with SP and investigates the mediating role of activity limitation and emotional distress in this association. METHODS: We analyzed population-based data, including 1,201 individuals aged ≥50 (mean [SD] age 66.14 [11.85] years) from the 2016-2018 AgeHeaPsyWel-HeaSeeB study in Ghana. Multiple OLS regressions and serial multiple mediation modeling using bootstrapping analyses examined direct and indirect effects from pain to SP through activity limitation and emotional distress. RESULTS: Regressions demonstrated that pain intensity and interference were significantly associated with higher levels of activity limitation, emotional distress, and SP (range: ß = 0.049-0.658). Bootstrapping analysis showed that activity limitation and emotional distress serially mediated the relationship between pain intensity and SP (total effect: ß = 0.264, Bootstrap 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.165-0.362; direct effect: (ß = 0.107, Bootstrap 95% CI = 0.005-0.210; total indirect effect: ß = 0.156, Bootstrap 95% CI = 0.005-0.210) accounting for ∼59%. Activity limitation and emotional distress mediated pain interference and SP association (total effect: ß = 0.404, Bootstrap 95% CI = 0.318-0.490; direct effect: ß = 0.292, Bootstrap 95% CI = 0.201-0.384; and total indirect effect: ß = 0.112, Bootstrap 95% CI = 0.069-0.156) yielding ∼28%. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that activity limitation and emotional distress may convey stress-related risks of pain on SP. Future research should evaluate if activity limitation and emotional distress could be effective targets to reduce the effect of pain on sleep in later-life.