Competitive organizational climate and artificial intelligence (AI) acceptance: the moderating role of leaders' power construal.

Introduction: The incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in organizations is pivotal to deal with work-related tasks and challenges effectively, yet little is known about the organizational factors that influence AI acceptance (i.e., employee favorable AI attitudes and AI use). To address this limitation in the literature and provide insight into the organizational antecedents influencing AI acceptance, this research investigated the relationship between competitive organizational climate and AI acceptance among employees. Moreover, given the critical role of a leader in employee attitude and behavior, we examined the moderating role of leaders' power construal as responsibility or as opportunity in this relationship. Methods: Study 1 was a three-wave field study among employees (N = 237, Mage = 38.28) working in various organizations in the UK. The study measured employees' perception of a competitive organizational climate at Time 1, leaders' power construal (as perceived by employees) at Time 2, and employee attitudes towards AI and their actual use of AI in the workplace at Times 2 and 3. Study 2 was a 2 (climate: highly competitive vs. low competitive) by 2 (power construal: responsibility vs. opportunity) experiment among employee participants (N = 150, Mage = 37.50). Results: Study 1 demonstrated a positive relationship between competitive climate and employee AI use over time. Furthermore, both studies revealed an interaction between competitive climate and leader's power construal in the prediction of employee AI acceptance: In Study 1, competitive climate was negatively related to AI acceptance over time when leaders construed power as opportunity. In Study 2 competitive climate was positively related to AI acceptance when leaders construed power as responsibility rather than as opportunity. Discussion: These results underscore the organizational factors that are required in order for employees to shape favorable attitudes towards AI and actually use AI at work. Importantly, this research expands the limited body of literature on AI integration in organizations.

The importance of employee attitude in activity-based work environments and the potential role of personality.

In studies of activity-based work environments, employees' prior attitude towards activity-based work environments has been identified as a potentially essential antecedent to how they perceive the new work environment. Using longitudinal data-collected once before and three times after moving to an activity-based office-we seek to reaffirm the moderating effect of this prior attitude on employee perceptions of privacy and psychological ownership in a sample from two smaller organisations (n = 38 combined). We also explore if employee attitude towards an activity-based work environment is related to personality dimensions. The findings support that prior employee attitude to an activity-based work environment moderates subsequent perceptions of privacy and psychological ownership. Only conscientiousness is significant when examining the association of personality and employee attitude towards an activity-based work environment. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.Practitioner summary: Questions remain about activity-based work environments. The data shows employee perceptions of privacy and psychological ownership are lower after moving to an activity-based office, but only for employees with less favourable attitudes towards activity-based environments beforehand. Conscientiousness is positively associated with employees' attitude towards activity-based environments before the move.

Examining the predictive validity of a managerial coaching scale: a longitudinal study.

Managerial coaching remains a widespread and popular organizational development intervention applied across numerous industries to enhance critical workplace outcomes and employee attitudes, yet no studies to date have evaluated the temporal precedence within these relationships. This study sought to assess the predictive validity of the widely used Employee Perceptions of Supervisor/Line Manager Coaching Behavior Measure managerial coaching scale (CBI), employing a longitudinal design and following the testing of the causal hypothesized relationship framework. Three hypotheses were evaluated using three commonly associated variables with managerial coaching (role clarity, job satisfaction, and organization commitment), using longitudinal data collected over two waves from full-time US employees (n = 313). The study followed a two-wave design, collecting data over two time points to test for longitudinal measurement invariance and three reciprocal cross-lagged models. Results detected statistically significant cross-lagged and reciprocal cross-lagged effects in the role clarity and organization commitment models, highlighting a reciprocal relationship between managerial coaching behaviors and the two variables. However, only the reciprocal cross-lagged effect was statistically significant in the job satisfaction model. Findings suggest the predictive validity of the CBI scale for role clarity and organization commitment. Moreover, results indicate employee attitudes influenced managerial coaching behaviors over time across all three models, emphasizing the potential impact of employee attitudes on leadership effectiveness. This study highlights the complex relationships between managerial coaching and workplace outcomes, offering nuanced insights for improved understanding.

The psychological conditions for employee engagement in organizational change: Test of a change engagement model.

In the contemporary world of work, organizational change is a constant. For change to be successful, employees need to be positive about implementing organizational change. Change engagement reflects the extent to which employees are enthusiastic about change, and willing to actively involve themselves in promoting and supporting ongoing organizational change. Drawing from Kahn's engagement theory, the research aimed to assess the influence of change-related meaningful work, psychological safety, and self-efficacy as psychological preconditions for change engagement. The study also aimed to test the indirect associations of the change-related psychological preconditions with proactive work behavior through change engagement. Survey data from a Prolific sample (N = 297) were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations modeling. In support of the validity of the model, the results showed that change-related self-efficacy, psychological safety, and meaningfulness had significant direct effects on change engagement, explaining 88% of the variance. The change-related psychological conditions also had significant indirect effects on proactive work behavior through change engagement. The findings therefore suggest that employees who exhibit higher levels of change-related self-efficacy, psychological safety, and work meaningfulness are more likely to support and promote organizational change, and to proactively engage in innovative work behavior. In practical terms, organizations that create the psychological conditions for change could significantly improve employee motivation to change and to innovate, which in turn would increase the likelihood of successful organizational change, and improved organizational competitiveness. Study limitations and directions for future research are discussed.

Colleagues' Work Attitudes towards Employees with Disability.

BACKGROUND: The present study investigates the significance of work inclusion in people with a disability and then aims to examine colleagues' attitudes. Considering Stone and Colella's model, we analyzed the colleagues' attitudes and variables related to the disability, such as type of disability and type of presentation of colleagues with disability, and colleague's characteristics, such as gender, educational level, and experience in work with people with disability. METHOD: We randomly assigned two hundred eighty-six employees to a standard condition (hypothetical colleagues with a disability presented by the impairments labels) or favorable condition (hypothetical colleagues with a disability presented by their past work experiences). RESULTS: The type of disability and its presentation influence colleagues' attitudes. Besides employees' gender, educational level and experience in work with people with a disability influences the attitudes toward them. CONCLUSIONS: Implications for practice were discussed.

Development obstacles of the agent accounting industry in China's Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area based on quantitative analysis-Research on the problem of employee's work attitude.

The notion of "agent bookkeeping" was proposed when the "Accounting Law of the People's Republic of China" was updated in 1993. Since their business is specialized in serving small and micro-enterprises, this has created the industry characteristic of generally small in the size of company and low in the salary of employees in Chinese agent bookkeeping companies. Such characteristic results in a series of problems including negative work attitude of employees in the development process, which seriously limit the development of Chinese agent bookkeeping companies. However, issues occurred in the development of agent bookkeeping, such as negative employee attitudes, which severely hampered the growth of Chinese agent bookkeeping companies. Therefore, a model of three dimensions of work attitude has been set up in this paper to demonstrate the working attitude of the staff of the agent bookkeeping companies in China's Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, including emotional dimension, behavioral dimension, and cognitive dimension which consists of eight factors: work environment, career satisfaction, interpersonal relationship, role engagement, work vitality, responsibility attitude, emotional identity, and retention attitude. The result indicates that (1) female employees outnumber male ones in agent bookkeeping companies, (2) most employees have a low sense of belonging to the company, (3) limited career development affects employees' enthusiasm for work, (4) work attitudes are influenced by mediocre work performance among employees with a graduate degree or higher.

The Influence of Change-Related Organizational and Job Resources on Employee Change Engagement.

Employee attitudes to change are key predictors of organizational change success. In this article, change engagement is defined as the extent to which employees are enthusiastic about change, and willing to actively involve themselves in ongoing organizational change. A model is tested showing how change-related organizational resources (e.g., senior leader support for change and organizational change climate) influence change engagement, in part through their influence on change-related job resources. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) results yielded good fit to the data in two independent samples: 225 Australian working professionals, and 201 employees from a Prolific sample. As proposed, change-related organizational resources (modeled as a higher order construct) were positively associated with higher order change-related job resources. Change-related job resources were positively associated with change engagement. In contrast to expectations, organizational resources were not directly associated with change engagement. Instead, change-related job resources fully mediated the relationship. Overall, the study provides empirical support for new measures of organizational change resources and employee change engagement. By drawing from well-established models in the change and engagement literatures, the study provides a promising research direction for those interested in further understanding positive employee attitudes to organizational change. Practical implications and future research opportunities are discussed.

In Whom Do We Trust? A Multifoci Person-Centered Perspective on Institutional Trust during COVID-19.

Institutional trust plays a crucial role when a nation is facing mega crises (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic) and has implications for employee work experiences and well-being. To date, researchers largely consider how institutional trust or trust in government may predict variables of interest in isolation. However, this variable-centered perspective ignores the possibility that there are subpopulations of employees who may differ in their trust in different institutions (i.e., the state government, the federal government). To address this, we examined institutional trust with two foci (i.e., trust in state government and trust in federal government) from a person-centered perspective. Using latent profile analysis and data from 492 U.S.-based employees, we identified five trust profiles: high trustors, federal trustors, state trustors, the ambivalent, and distrusters, and found that these profiles differentially predicted attitudes towards and behavioral compliance with CDC recommended COVID-19 prevention practices, job insecurity, affective commitment, helping behavior, and psychological well-being.

Longitudinal data on implementing an activity-based work environment.

Using a longitudinal field survey, we collected data on how implementing an activity-based work environment impacts employees across time [1]. The sample consisted of 100 employees in a government organization implementing an activity-based working environment, with each employee surveyed on three time-points. The sample included all employees affected by the implementation. At each time-point, the response rate was 87%, 75%, and 69%, respectively. The sample was approximately 75% female at each time-point. Data collection took place about two months before the activity-based environment was implemented (condition 1), again about four months after implementation (condition 2), and finally, about nine months after implementation (condition 3). All data were collected using an online survey. The survey included questions on privacy, psychological ownership, and attitude towards activity-based work, in addition to questions on productivity, job satisfaction, job strain, and satisfaction with the work environment.

The influence of organizational commitment on the perceived effectiveness of virtual meetings by Filipino professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: A structural equation modeling approach.

BACKGROUND: Virtual meetings have been widely utilized during the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of organizational commitment on the perceived effectiveness of virtual meeting by Filipino professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A total of 513 Filipino professionals answered an online questionnaire which covered four latent variables: organizational commitment to virtual meetings, attitude toward virtual meetings, perceived effectiveness of virtual meeting as collaboration tool, and perceived effectiveness of virtual meeting as a social tool. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was utilized to analyze the causal relationships between the latent variables construct. RESULTS: SEM showed that organizational commitment to virtual meeting during the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the positive attitude of the employees which subsequently led to the perceived effectiveness of virtual meeting as a collaboration and social tool. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first study that analyzed the influence of organizational commitment on the perceived effectiveness of virtual meeting during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. Our SEM construct can be applied and extended further, particularly in analyzing factors influencing the perceived effectiveness of virtual meeting during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Supporting the Sharing of Mental Health Challenges in the Workplace: Findings from Comparative Case Study Research at Two Mental Health Services.

Personal experience with mental health (MH) challenges has been characterized as a concealable stigma. Identity management literature suggests actively concealing a stigma may negatively impact wellbeing. Reviews of workplace identity management literature have linked safety in revealing a stigma to individual performance, well-being, engagement and teamwork. However, no research to date has articulated the factors that make sharing MH challenges possible. This study employed a comparative case study design to explore the sharing of MH challenges in two Australian MH services. We conducted qualitative analyses of interviews with staff in direct service delivery and supervisory roles, to determine factors supporting safety to share. Workplace factors supporting safety to share MH challenges included: planned and unplanned "check-ins;" mutual sharing and support from colleagues and supervisors; opportunities for individual and team reflection; responses to and management of personal leave and requests for accommodation; and messaging and action from senior organizational leaders supporting the value of workforce diversity. Research involving staff with experience of MH challenges provides valuable insights into how we can better support MH staff across the workforce.

Clinical Laboratory Employees' Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the attitudes of laboratory personnel toward the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the laboratory. METHODS: We surveyed laboratory employees who covered a range of work roles, work environments, and educational levels. RESULTS: The survey response rate was 42%. Most respondents (79%) indicated that they were at least somewhat familiar with AI. Very few (4%) classified themselves as experts. Contact with AI varied by educational level (P = .005). Respondents believed that AI could help them perform their work by reducing errors (24%) and saving time (16%). The most common concern (27%) was job security (being replaced by AI). The majority (64%) of the respondents expressed support for the development of AI projects in the organization. CONCLUSIONS: Laboratory employees see the potential for AI and generally support the adoption of AI tools but have concerns regarding job security and quality of AI performance.

Unintended Negative Effects of the Legitimacy-Seeking Behavior of Social Enterprises on Employee Attitudes.

In an emerging field such as social enterprise, it is important for an organization to secure legitimacy to obtain resources and sustain its business. Specifically, when a government distributing subsidies does not have adequate information to decide which organization is trustworthy, it is the legitimacy-seeking activities of a social enterprise that determines who receives a subsidy; this, in turn, decides which organization will survive. One of the most effective ways to gain legitimacy is to explicitly emphasize in the public promotion that the organization devotes to its social mission. In the case of Work Integration Social Enterprises (WISEs), an organization emphasizes its social employment of the disadvantaged individuals. However, we argue that social enterprises' public promotion that emphasizes social employment can lower the expected wage, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment of the employees who are hired due to their disadvantaged social status. This is because such obvious promotional messages makes the employees more keenly aware of their disadvantaged status; as a result, this reinforces their self-prejudice that they are not competitive enough in the labor market. We test our hypotheses in the context of South Korean WISEs and found general support for our arguments.

Escala de Sobrequalificação Percebida: adaptação e evidências de validade / Scale of Perceived Overqualification: adaptation and validity evidences / Escala de Sobrecualificación Percibida: adaptación y evidencias de validez

Sobrequalificação percebida é a situação na qual o indivíduo se percebe possuidor de qualificação maior do que aquela exigida por seu trabalho. Tal situação tem sido encontrada relacionada a atitudes negativas e comportamentos indesejados no trabalho. No Brasil, não há instrumentos para mensuração da sobrequalificação percebida. O objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar uma escala de sobrequalificação percebida e analisar suas evidências de validade. A escala foi traduzida e retrotraduzida, e aplicada a 222 trabalhadores. Análise fatorial exploratória encontrou uma solução hierárquica (dois fatores de primeira ordem e um de segunda ordem). Análise fatorial confirmatória, em amostra de 265 trabalhadores, deu suporte à solução hierárquica, embora com ajustamento pobre. A versão brasileira apresentou evidências de validade e confiabilidade para mensuração da sobrequalificação percebida. Sugeriram-se novos estudos para testar a estrutura fatorial em outras amostras (AU).

Scale of Perceived Overqualification: Adaptation and Validity Evidences. Perceived overqualification is the situation in which an individual perceives that they have qualification higher than that required by their job. Such situation has been found related to negative attitudes and undesirable behaviors at work context. In Brazil, there are no instruments for measuring perceived overqualification. This study aimed to adapt a scale of perceived overqualification and to analyze for its validity evidences of. The scale was translated and back-translated, and applied to 222 workers. Exploratory factor analysis found a hierarchical solution (two first-order factors and one second-order factor). Confirmatory factor analysis, in a sample of 265 workers, supported the hierarchical solution, although with poor fit. The Brazilian version showed validity and reliability evidences for measuring perceived overqualification. Other studies were suggested in order to test the factor structure in other samples (AU).

Escala de Sobrecualificación Percibida: Adaptación y Evidencias de Validez. Sobrecualificación percibida es la situación en la que un individuo percibe que tiene calificación más grande de la que se exige en su trabajo. Esta situación ha sido encontrada relacionada con actitudes negativas y comportamientos indeseables en el contexto del trabajo. En Brasil, no hay herramientas de valoración de la sobrecualificación percibida. El objetivo de esta investigación fue una adaptación de una escala de sobrecualificación percibida y un análisis de sus evidencias de validez. La escala fue traducida y retrotraducida, y se aplicó a 222 trabajadores. El análisis factorial exploratorio encontró una estructura jerárquica (dos factores de primer orden y un de segundo orden). El análisis factorial confirmatorio, con muestra de 265 trabajadores, apoyó la estructura jerárquica, aunque con el ajuste deficiente. La versión brasileña presentó evidencias de validez y fiabilidad de valoración de la sobrecualificación percibida. Se propusieron nuevas investigaciones para probar la estructura factorial en otras muestras (AU).

Emotion Work in the Arab Context: Its Relationship to Job Satisfaction and the Moderating Role of Trust to the Employer.

The research investigated the relationship of emotion work directed towards customers and towards coworkers with job satisfaction in Saudi Arabia. Emotion work means the requirement to display particular emotions as part of the job and includes surface acting where actual emotions differ from displayed emotions and deep acting where displayed and felt emotions are congruent. Participants were 147 flight attendants (31 men, 116 women; mean age = 36.9 years, SD = 7.5) employed by a major Saudi Arabian airline, who were either Saudi nationals or nationals of other Gulf Arab countries. Data were collected with questionnaires. Analysis was based on the General Linear Model and indicated that deep acting towards customers and towards coworkers was positively related to job satisfaction. On the other hand, the hypothesized negative relationship between surface acting and job satisfaction was not supported. Organizational trust moderated the relationship of emotion work with job satisfaction. The findings indicate the importance of considering emotion work in interactions with coworkers along with the influence of national culture in the relationships of emotion work with key variables.

Psychological contract breach among allied health professionals.

PURPOSE: Allied health professionals are vital for effective healthcare yet there are continuing shortages of these employees. Building on work with other healthcare professionals, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of psychological contract (PC) breach and types of organisational justice on variables important to retention among allied health professionals: mental health and organisational commitment. The potential effects of justice on the negative outcomes of breach were examined. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Multiple regressions analysed data from 113 allied health professionals working in a medium-large Australian healthcare organisation. FINDINGS: The main negative impacts on respondents' mental health and commitment were from high PC breach, low procedural and distributive justice and less respectful treatment from organisational representatives. The interaction between procedural justice and breach illustrates that breach may be forgivable if processes are fair. Surprisingly, a betrayal or "aggravated breach effect" may occur after a breach when interpersonal justice is high. Further, negative affectivity was negatively related to respondents' mental health (affective outcomes) but not commitment (work-related attitude). PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Healthcare organisations should ensure the fairness of decisions and avoid breaking promises within their control. If promises cannot reasonably be kept, transparency of processes behind the breach may allow allied health professionals to understand that the organisation did not purposefully fail to fulfil expectations. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This study offers insights into how breach and four types of justice interact to influence employee mental health and work attitudes among allied health professionals.

Meaningful Work Scale in creative industries: a confirmatory factor analysis / Escala do Trabalho com Sentido nas indústrias criativas: análise fatorial confirmatória / Escala de Trabajo con sentido en las industrias creativas: un análisis factorial confirmatorio

This study conducts a confirmatory factor analysis of a meaningful Canadian work model. The sample comprised 446 professionals working in creative industries based in Midwestern and Northeastern Brazil who completed the 25-item Meaningful Work Scale (MWS). This study tested both the original Canadian five-factor model and a six-factor model previously adapted into Portuguese, based on professionals from São Paulo's creative industries. The results indicate that globally, both models, when re-specified, seem to fit the data. However, an inspection of the local fit indices suggests problems with both models, specifically in two factors: development and learning, and expressiveness and identification with work. We discuss the extent to which these findings may relate to cultural and occupational influences. The paper concludes that the meaningful work model, although it can vary in content, is vulnerable to possible subculture differences in the Brazilian context...

O objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma análise fatorial confirmatória de um modelo canadense de trabalho com sentido. Participaram desta pesquisa 446 profissionais das indústrias criativas das regiões centro-oeste e nordeste do Brasil. Esses participantes responderam à Escala do Trabalho com Sentido (ETS), composta por 25 itens. Foram testados tanto o modelo original canadense de cinco fatores como o de seis fatores previamente validado para o contexto brasileiro. Os resultados indicam que, globalmente, os dois modelos reespecificados apresentam evidências de adequação. Porém, a inspeção do ajuste local revela problemas em ambos, particularmente em relação a dois fatores: desenvolvimento e aprendizagem, e expressividade e identificação no trabalho. Discute-se em que medida esses achados podem estar associados a influências culturais e ocupacionais. Conclui-se que o constructo do trabalho com sentido, embora possa variar em conteúdo, resiste a possíveis diferenças de subculturas no contexto brasileiro...

Este artículo realiza un análisis factorial confirmatorio de un modelo canadiense de Trabajo con Sentido. Participaron 446 profesionales de las industrias creativas de la región centro-oeste y nordeste de Brasil. Esos participantes respondieron a la Escala de Trabajo con Sentido (ETS) compuesta por 25 ítems. Se experimentó el modelo original canadiense de cinco factores, así como el de seis factores previamente validado para el contexto brasileño. Los resultados indicaron que, globalmente, ambos modelos re-especificados presentan evidencias de adecuación. Sin embargo, la inspección del ajuste local revela problemas en los dos modelos, particularmente en relación a dos factores: desarrollo y aprendizaje, y expresividad e identificación en el trabajo. Se discute en qué medida estos hallazgos pueden estar asociados a influencias culturales y ocupacionales. Se concluye que el constructo de trabajo con sentido, aunque pueda variar en contenido, resiste a posibles diferencias de subculturas en el contexto brasileño...

Meaningful Work Scale in creative industries: a confirmatory factor analysis / Escala do Trabalho com Sentido nas indústrias criativas: análise fatorial confirmatória / Escala de Trabajo con sentido en las industrias creativas: un análisis factorial confirmatorio

This study conducts a confirmatory factor analysis of a meaningful Canadian work model. The sample comprised 446 professionals working in creative industries based in Midwestern and Northeastern Brazil who completed the 25-item Meaningful Work Scale (MWS). This study tested both the original Canadian five-factor model and a six-factor model previously adapted into Portuguese, based on professionals from São Paulo's creative industries. The results indicate that globally, both models, when re-specified, seem to fit the data. However, an inspection of the local fit indices suggests problems with both models, specifically in two factors: development and learning, and expressiveness and identification with work. We discuss the extent to which these findings may relate to cultural and occupational influences. The paper concludes that the meaningful work model, although it can vary in content, is vulnerable to possible subculture differences in the Brazilian context.(AU)

O objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma análise fatorial confirmatória de um modelo canadense de trabalho com sentido. Participaram desta pesquisa 446 profissionais das indústrias criativas das regiões centro-oeste e nordeste do Brasil. Esses participantes responderam à Escala do Trabalho com Sentido (ETS), composta por 25 itens. Foram testados tanto o modelo original canadense de cinco fatores como o de seis fatores previamente validado para o contexto brasileiro. Os resultados indicam que, globalmente, os dois modelos reespecificados apresentam evidências de adequação. Porém, a inspeção do ajuste local revela problemas em ambos, particularmente em relação a dois fatores: desenvolvimento e aprendizagem, e expressividade e identificação no trabalho. Discute-se em que medida esses achados podem estar associados a influências culturais e ocupacionais. Conclui-se que o constructo do trabalho com sentido, embora possa variar em conteúdo, resiste a possíveis diferenças de subculturas no contexto brasileiro.(AU)

Este artículo realiza un análisis factorial confirmatorio de un modelo canadiense de Trabajo con Sentido. Participaron 446 profesionales de las industrias creativas de la región centro-oeste y nordeste de Brasil. Esos participantes respondieron a la Escala de Trabajo con Sentido (ETS) compuesta por 25 ítems. Se experimentó el modelo original canadiense de cinco factores, así como el de seis factores previamente validado para el contexto brasileño. Los resultados indicaron que, globalmente, ambos modelos re-especificados presentan evidencias de adecuación. Sin embargo, la inspección del ajuste local revela problemas en los dos modelos, particularmente en relación a dos factores: desarrollo y aprendizaje, y expresividad e identificación en el trabajo. Se discute en qué medida estos hallazgos pueden estar asociados a influencias culturales y ocupacionales. Se concluye que el constructo de trabajo con sentido, aunque pueda variar en contenido, resiste a posibles diferencias de subculturas en el contexto brasileño.(AU)

Well-being in the workplace through interaction between individual characteristics and organizational context.

Well-being in the workplace is considered by many authors to be the outcome of the interaction between individual characteristics and those of the working and organizational environment. This study aims to understand the significance attributed to the concept of well-being in the workplace by employees, its influencing factors, and, among those, the role of individual psychological characteristics. The research was conducted on a sample of 72 employees using a qualitative approach based on focus groups and individual interviews. Data analysis was performed by a paper and pencil technique. The focus groups and interviews collected 628 statements, which were divided into three main areas: meaning of well-being in the workplace (248), any kind factors that affect well-being in the workplace (158), and individual characteristics that affect well-being in the workplace (222). The individual characteristics identified by the participants as capable of influencing well-being in the workplace include being positive, communication, management of difficulties and conflicts, socio-emotional skills, and values. The research was limited by the participants involved and by the sole use of the paper and pencil technique of data analysis. Results highlight that well-being in the workplace does not depend exclusively on external conditions in terms of the working and organizational environment within which the individual operates: so, it could be promoted not only from above, through actions by management, but also from below, influencing individual traits and behaviours. Results would be useful for developing training, workplace counselling, and organizational development activities aimed to support small groups, leaders, and other strategic players in the construction of the subsystems of well-being in the workplace.

Comportamento proativo nas organizações: o efeito dos valores pessoais / Proactive behavior in organizations: the effect of personal val / Comportamiento proactivo en las organizaciones: el efecto de los valores personales

O comportamento proativo é definido como um conjunto de comportamentos extrapapel em que o trabalhador busca espontaneamente mudanças no seu ambiente de trabalho, soluciona e antecipa-se aos problemas, visando a metas de longo prazo que beneficiam a organização. Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar a relação entre os valores pessoais e o comportamento proativo nas organizações. Foram utilizados como instrumentos de medida o Personal Values Questionnaire e a Escala de Comportamento Proativo nas Organizações, ambos já validados para o Brasil. Após a eliminação dos casos extremos, a amostra ficou constituída por 325 funcionários de diferentes organizações. A análise de regressão linear revelou que os valores predizem significativamente os comportamentos proativos, apontando uma relação positiva do tipo motivacional estimulação (B= 0,205, p<0,01) e universalismo/benevolência (B=0,302, p<0,01) com proatividade, e negativa com o tipo motivacional tradição (B= -0,189, p<0,01), de acordo com o previsto pelo referencial teórico. As implicações para os estudos na área são discutidas....(AU)

Proactive behavior is a set of extra role behaviors in which the worker spontaneously seeks for change in his work environment, solves and anticipates problems, aiming long-term goals that benefit the organization. This paper investigates the relationship between personal values and proactive behavior in organizations. A survey was conducted using the Personal Values Questionnaire and the Proactive Behavior in Organizations Scale, both validated in Brazil. After outlier deletion, 325 employees answered the questionnaire. The linear multivariate regression pointed to a significant prediction of values, and indicated a positive relationship between the motivational types of stimulation (B= 0,205, p<0,01) and universalism/benevolence (B=0,302, p<0,01) with proactive behaviors, and a negative relationship with the motivational type of tradition (B= -0,189, p<0,01). The results were in accordance with the literature revised. Implications for future studies are discussed....(AU)

El comportamiento proactivo es definido como un conjunto de comportamientos extraordinarios a través de los cuales el trabajador busca espontáneamente cambios en su ambiente de trabajo, soluciona y se anticipa a los problemas, con el objetivo de alcanzar retos de largo plazo que benefician la organización. Este estudio ha tenido como objetivo investigar la relación entre los valores personales y el comportamiento proactivo en las organizaciones. Se han llevado a cabo como instrumentos de medida el Personal Values Questionnaire y la Escala de Comportamiento Proactivo en las Organizaciones, ambos ya habilitados en Brasil. Luego de la eliminación de los casos extremos, la muestra quedó conformada por 325 funcionarios de distintas organizaciones. El análisis de regresión lineal ha revelado que los valores predicen significativamente los comportamientos proactivos, apuntando hacia una relación positiva del tipo motivacional estimulación (B= 0,205, p<0,01) y universalismo/benevolencia (B=0,302, p<0,01) con proactividad, y negativa con el tipo motivacional tradición (B= -0,189, p<0,01), con arreglo a lo previsto por el referencial teórico. Las implicaciones para los estudios en el área son discutidas....(AU)