Pathogenic potential of Brucella ovis field isolates with different genotypic profile and protection provided by the vaccine strain B. ovis ΔabcBA against B. ovis field isolates in mice / Vacina viva atenuada Brucella ovis Δ abcBA encapsulada protege camundongos frente a desafios de B. ovis isoladas de campo

Brucella ovis causes economic and reproductive losses in sheep herds. The goal of this study was to characterize infection with B. ovis field isolates in a murine model, and to evaluate protection induced by the candidate vaccine strain B. ovis ΔabcBA in mice challenged with these field isolates. B. ovis field strains were able to colonize and cause lesions in the liver and spleen of infected mice. After an initial screening, two strains were selected for further characterization (B. ovis 94 AV and B. ovis 266 L). Both strains had in vitro growth kinetics that was similar to that of the reference strain B. ovis ATCC 25840. Vaccination with B. ovis ΔabcBA encapsulated with 1% alginate was protective against the challenge with field strains, with the following protection indexes: 0.751, 1.736, and 2.746, for mice challenged with B. ovis ATCC25840, B. ovis 94 AV, and B. ovis 266 L, respectively. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that B. ovis field strains were capable of infecting and inducing lesions in experimentally infected mice. The attenuated vaccine strain B. ovis ΔabcBA induced protection in mice challenged with different B. ovis field isolates, resulting in higher protection indexes against more pathogenic strains.(AU)

Brucella ovis é responsável por perdas econômicas e reprodutivas em rebanhos ovinos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a infecção com as cepas isoladas de campo de B. ovis em modelo murino e avaliar a eficiência vacinal da mutante B. ovis ΔabcAB para proteção contra desafio com as cepas isoladas de campo. Foram utilizadas sete cepas isoladas de campo foram capazes de colonizar e provocar lesões no fígado e no baço de camundongos após sete dias pós-infecção. Após triagem, duas cepas foram selecionadas para a melhor caracterização (B. ovis 94 AV and B. ovis 266L). Ambas apresentaram crescimento em placa de cultivo semelhante ao da cepa de referência B. ovis ATCC 25840. A vacinação com a cepa de Brucella ovis ΔabcBA encapsulada com alginato a 1% foi capaz de proteger camundongos desafiados com as cepas isoladas de campo, com os seguintes índices de proteção: 0,751, 1,736 e 2,746, para camundongos desafiados com B. ovis ATCC 25840, B. ovis 94 AV e B. ovis 266 L, respectivamente. Estes resultados demonstraram que as cepas isoladas de campo de B. ovis são capazes de infectar e induzir lesão em camundongos experimentalmente infectados. O uso da cepa mutante atenuada B. ovis ΔabcBA para vacinação de fêmeas C57BL/6 desafiados com diferentes cepas de B. ovis induziu proteção nos camundongos desafiados com diferentes cepas de B. ovis. Deste modo, mostrando-se eficiente na proteção das cepas de campo de B. ovis.(AU)

Seguridad y eficacia del drenaje guiado por endosonografía de colecciones pancreáticas usando prótesis plásticas y metálicas tipo LAMS / Safety and efficacy of EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections using plastic and lumen apposing metal stents (LAMS)

Background: Pancreatic fluid collections (PFC) are associated with severe acute pancreatitis. After maturation (after 4 weeks) they are classified as pancreatic pseudocyst (PP) and walled-off necrosis (WON). Endoscopic management is associated with lower morbidity and mortality compared with surgery. Aim: To describe the experience of EUS-guided drainage PFC drainage using plastic stent (PS) or metal stent (lumen apposing metal stents, or "LAMS"). Methods: Retrospective, observational study, between 2016-2019. Results: 17 patients in total. 8 cases were symptomatic PP and 9 were WON. Age 12-72 years. 12 cases in men. Indications: abdominal pain 5 cases and infection 11. The 8 cases of PFC were drained successfully using PS, without adverse effects. Regarding WON drainage, 3 cases were managed with PS and 6 with LAMS. In 5 cases, complementary endoscopic necrosectomy was required. A patient with LAMS required complementary surgical cleaning ("step-up") to treat collections far from the LAMS. Complications: one case of PS presented pigment occlusion with superinfection and another case presented migration to the stomach. Regarding LAMS, one case presented self-limited bleeding, another case presented obstruction of the stent with infection, which was managed endoscopically and with antibiotics. Conclusion: The endoscopic management of PFC is effective and safe, with plastic and metal stent (LAMS). The choice of type of stent depends on the characteristics of PFC (liquid vs solid), center experience and costs.

Introducción: Las colecciones pancreáticas (CP) se asocian a pancreatitis agudas graves. Luego de su maduración (después de las 4 semanas) se clasifican en pseudoquistes (PQ) y necrosis encapsulada (NE). El manejo endoscópico se asocia a menor morbimortalidad comparado con el quirúrgico. Objetivo: Describir la experiencia del drenaje de CP mediante el uso de prótesis plásticas (PP) o metálicas (lumen apposing metal stents, o "LAMS") mediante endosonografía. Método: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, entre 2016-2018. Resultados: 17 pacientes en total. Ocho casos fueron PQ sintomáticos y 9 NE. Edad 12-72 años (12 casos en hombres). Indicaciones: dolor abdominal 5 casos e infección 11. Los 8 casos de PQ fueron drenados exitosamente con PP, sin efectos adversos. En relación con el drenaje de NE, 3 casos fueron manejados con PP y 6 con LAMS. En 5 casos se requirió necrosectomía endoscópica complementaria. Un paciente con LAMS requirió aseo quirúrgico complementario por colecciones alejadas al LAMS. En relación con las complicaciones, un caso de PP presentó oclusión del pigtail con sobreinfección y otro presentó migración al estómago. Respecto a LAMS, un caso presentó sangrado autolimitado y otro caso obstrucción de la prótesis con sobreinfección, que fue manejada endoscópicamente y con antibióticos. Conclusión: El manejo endoscópico de las CP es efectiva y segura, tanto con prótesis plásticas como metálicas (LAMS). La elección de la prótesis depende de las características de la lesión (líquido vs sólido), experiencia del centro y costos.

Obstrucción intestinal por peritonitis esclerosante encapsulada en un adulto con derivación ventriculoperitoneal / Bowel obstruction caused by sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis in adult with ventriculoperitoneal shunt

Resumen Introducción La peritonitis esclerosante encapsulada es una inflamación crónica del peritoneo caracterizada por la formación progresiva de colágeno que produce un engrosamiento peritoneal que encapsula las asas del intestino delgado, produciendo una obstrucción intestinal. Caso clínico Varón de 83 años portador de catéter de derivación ventriculoperitoneal de baja presión desde hacía 8 años. Acude a Urgencias por clínica de obstrucción intestinal, con hallazgos radiológicos en relación con obstrucción de intestino delgado en probable relación con catéter de derivación ventriculoperitoneal, por lo que se decide realizar intervención quirúrgica urgente. Se confirmó la obstrucción intestinal y un cambio de calibre del íleon terminal. El intestino delgado estaba dilatado formando un ovillo, englobado por una pequeña cápsula fibrosa. Se realizó adhesiólisis y hemicolectomía derecha con resección del segmento intestinal afectado. La anatomía patológica fue compatible con peritonitis esclerosante encapsulada. Conclusiones La peritonitis esclerosante encapsulada es una causa poco frecuente y potencialmente grave de obstrucción intestinal y su forma secundaria está habitualmente asociada a la diálisis peritoneal crónica. Su diagnóstico radiológico es difícil y el tratamiento de elección es quirúrgico. Debemos considerarla en casos de obstrucción intestinal en pacientes portadores de derivación ventriculoperitoneal.

Introduction Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is a chronic inflammation of the peritoneum characterized by the progressive accumulation of collagen. This leads to a thickening of the peritoneum, encapsulating loops of small bowel and causing intestinal obstruction. Case report 83 year old male, carrying a ventriculoperitoneal low pressure shunt for 8 years. The patient was admitted for emergency surgery after presentation for possible intestinal obstruction with radiological findings consistent with small bowel obstruction, probably related to the catheter of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Surgery confirmed bowel obstruction and a change of gauge of the terminal ileum. The small bowel was dilated into a ball, encased by a small fibrous capsule. Adhesiolysis and right hemicolectomy was performed with resection of the affected bowel segment. The pathology was consistent with sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis. Conclusions Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is a rare and potentially serious cause of bowel obstruction and its secondary form is usually associated with chronic peritoneal dialysis. The radiological diagnosis is difficult and the treatment of choice is surgical. We must consider it in cases of intestinal obstruction in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

Laparoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocysts: experience at a general hospital in Mexico City.

BACKGROUND: Invasive management of pancreatic pseudocysts (PP) is currently indicated in those patients with symptoms or complications. Treatment options are classified as surgical (open and laparoscopic) and non-surgical (endoscopic and radiologic). AIM: To describe the morbidity, mortality, and efficacy in terms of technical and clinical success of the laparoscopic surgical approach in the treatment of patients with PP in the last 3 years at our hospital center. METHODS: We included patients with PP treated with laparoscopic surgery within the time frame of January 2012 and December 2014. The morbidity and mortality associated with the procedure were determined, together with the postoperative results in terms of effectiveness and recurrence. RESULTS: A total of 38 patients were diagnosed with PP within the last 3 years, but only 20 of them had invasive treatment. Laparoscopic surgery was performed on 17 of those patients (mean pseudocyst diameter of 15.3, primary drainage success rate of 94.1%, complication rate of 5.9%, and a 40-month follow-up). CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained with the laparoscopic technique used at our hospital center showed that this approach is feasible, efficacious, and safe. Thus, performed by skilled surgeons, it should be considered a treatment option for patients with PP.

[Brachial plexus compression from supraclavicular encapsulated fat necrosis. A case report]. / Plexopatía braquial compresiva por necrosis grasa encapsulada supraclavicular. Caso clínico.

We report the case of a 44-year-old male, lacking clinical history of previous illness, who had surgery at our hospital to treat a mass in the supraclavicular space. The patient presented with a 1-month progressive distal paresis of the left arm. The histo-pathological examination of the mass revealed an encapsulated fat necrosis. Fat necrosis is characterised by cystic architecture, encapsulation with fat necrosis within, and inflammatory infiltration of its walls. Neural structure compression secondary to this tumour mass is very rare. Fat necrosis is more frequent in the lower limbs, in areas exposed to trauma. This article is the first report of brachial plexus compression due to supraclavicular fat necrosis.

Efectividad de cistotomía de cápsula de Tenon con aguja fina en fallo de ampolla de filtración / Effectiveness Tenon capsule cystotomy with Fine needle on bleb failure

La trabeculectomía es generalmente un procedimiento exitoso parareducir la presión intraocular en pacientes con glaucoma. Sin embargo,el fallo de la ampolla de filtración puede ocurrir, provocando unincremento de la presión intraocular; lo que conlleva a una intervenciónmédica o quirúrgica adicional. Se realiza una breve revisión bibliográficasobre la cistotomía transconjuntival, asociada o no al uso deantimetabolitos (mitomicina C o 5-fluorouracilo), demostrando que esun procedimiento mínimamente invasivo, con escasas complicaciones;que constituye un método eficaz, fácil, de bajo costo para restablecer eldrenaje acuoso y disminuir la presión intraocular(AU)

Trabeculectomy is a successful method in reducing intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients. However, the failure of the filtration bleb can occur, leading to increased intraocular pressure, which leads to a surgical intervention. A brief bibliographical review is done on the transconjunctival cystotomy, with or without the use of antimetabolites (mitomycin C or 5-fluorouracil), showing that it is a minimally invasive procedure with few complications, which is an effective, easy and inexpensive method to re-establish the aqueous drainage and reduce intraocular pressure(AU)

Revisión por aguja de la bula de filtración, una alternativa terapÚutica en pacientes trabeculectomizados / Needle review of the filtering bleb as an alternative in the treatment of patients undergoing trabeculectomy

La trabeculectomía es generalmente un procedimiento exitoso para reducir la presión intraocular en pacientes con glaucoma. Sin embargo, el fallo de la ampolla de filtración puede ocurrir y provocar un incremento de la presión intraocular. Esto conllevaría a una intervención médica o quirúrgica adicional. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre la cistitomía transconjuntival, asociada al uso de antimetabolitos (mitomicina C o 5-fluorouracilo) o no. Se demuestra que es mínimamente invasiva, con escasas complicaciones y que constituye un método eficaz, fácil y barato para restablecer el drenaje acuoso y disminuir la presión intraocular(AU)

Trabeculectomy is usually a successful procedure to reduce intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients. However, the failure of the filtering bleb can occur, leading to increased intraocular pressure and to a further medical or surgical intervention. A literature review on transconjunctival cystotomy, with or without the use of mitomycin C or 5-fluorouracil, was made. It was demonstrated that this method is minimally invasive with few complications, effective, easy-to-apply and inexpensive to restore aqueous drainage and lowering intraocular pressure(AU)

Revisión por aguja de la bula de filtración, una alternativa terapÚutica en pacientes trabeculectomizados / Needle review of the filtering bleb as an alternative in the treatment of patients undergoing trabeculectomy

La trabeculectomía es generalmente un procedimiento exitoso para reducir la presión intraocular en pacientes con glaucoma. Sin embargo, el fallo de la ampolla de filtración puede ocurrir y provocar un incremento de la presión intraocular. Esto conllevaría a una intervención médica o quirúrgica adicional. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre la cistitomía transconjuntival, asociada al uso de antimetabolitos (mitomicina C o 5-fluorouracilo) o no. Se demuestra que es mínimamente invasiva, con escasas complicaciones y que constituye un método eficaz, fácil y barato para restablecer el drenaje acuoso y disminuir la presión intraocular

Trabeculectomy is usually a successful procedure to reduce intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients. However, the failure of the filtering bleb can occur, leading to increased intraocular pressure and to a further medical or surgical intervention. A literature review on transconjunctival cystotomy, with or without the use of mitomycin C or 5-fluorouracil, was made. It was demonstrated that this method is minimally invasive with few complications, effective, easy-to-apply and inexpensive to restore aqueous drainage and lowering intraocular pressure

Suplementação nitrogenada com ureia comum ou encapsulada sobre parâmetros ruminais de novilhos alimentados com feno de baixa qualidade / Nitrogen supplement with common or coated urea on ruminal parameters of steers fed with low quality hay

Foi realizado um experimento de suplementação com novilhos fistulados no rúmen com o objetivo de verificar a utilização de ureia encapsulada como fonte de nitrogênio de liberação mais lenta e uniforme ao longo do tempo, bem como seu efeito sobre a degradabilidade da parede celular do feno. Os tratamentos foram: Feno + sal mineralizado (SM); Feno + suplemento proteico com ureia comum (SU); Feno + suplemento proteico com ureia encapsulada fórmula 1 (UE1); e Feno + suplemento proteico com ureia encapsulada fórmula 2 (UE2). O volumoso utilizado foi feno de Tifton (Cynodon dactylon L.) de baixa qualidade (PB: 4,62 por cento e FDN: 83,46 por cento). Foram realizadas medidas de pH e N-NH3 ruminais e parâmetros de degradação ruminal da FDN do volumoso. Verificou-se efeito (P<0,05) da suplementação nitrogenada sobre a concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal no rúmen; no entanto, a ureia encapsulada não foi diferente (P>0,05) da ureia comum. Os valores de pH e degradabilidade in situ não foram afetados pelos tratamentos (P>0,05), ao serem comparados os suplementados ou não suplementados com proteína degradável no rúmen e ao serem comparadas fontes de nitrogênio não proteico. A ureia encapsulada não demonstrou superioridade sobre a ureia comum, provavelmente pela baixa eficiência da sua proteção. A utilização de ureia encapsulada e a suplementação de proteína degradável não foram eficientes em aumentar a degradabilidade da parede celular do volumoso utilizado.

A supplementation trial was accomplished with rumen fistulated steers with the objective of verifying the coated urea use as a source of nitrogen of slower and uniform release throughout the time, as well as its effect on cellular wall degradability. The treatments were: hay + mineral supplement; hay + protein supplement with common urea; hay + protein supplement with coated urea formula 1; hay + protein supplement with coated urea formula 2. The forage used was Tifton (Cynodon dactylon L.) hay of low quality (CP: 4.62 percent and NDF: 83.46 percent). The measures were: ruminal pH and N-NH3, rumen degradability of NDF and ruminal degradation parameters. Effect (P<0.05) of the nitrogen supplementation on ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration was verified; however the coated urea was not different (P>0.05) from the common urea. The data of ruminal pH and degradability of NDF were not affected by the treatments (P>0.05) when comparing supplemented or not supplemented diets with degradable protein and also when comparing non-protein nitrogen sources. The coated urea was not superior to the common urea, probably due low efficiency of its protection. The coated urea and the degradable protein supplementation had not been efficient in increasing the cellular wall degradability.

The effect of essential oils of sweet fennel and pignut on mortality and learning in africanized honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

It was recently discovered that exposure to small concentrations of the essential oils of sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) or pignut [Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit] can be used to control aphids. What is not known is whether these oils also influence honeybee behavior. Experiments using both harnessed and free-flying foragers at concentrations used to control aphids showed that bees readily associated the odors with a reward, discriminated between them, and were not repelled. Honeybees, however, would not consume the oils when mixed with sucrose to create an unconditioned stimulus. An experiment in which harnessed bees consumed various concentrations showed that concentrations greater than 50 percent were detrimental. The experiments reported here provide further evidence supporting the use of conditioning techniques to evaluate the use of essential oils on honey bee behavior.

Recentemente foi descoberto que pequenas concentrações de óleos essenciais de erva-doce (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) ou alfazema [Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit] podem ser usadas para controlar pulgões. O que não se sabe é se esses óleos também podem influenciar o comportamento de abelhas melíferas. Experimentos utilizando abelhas encapsuladas ou livres, em diferentes concentrações usadas para controlar pulgões, mostraram que as abelhas rapidamente associaram o odor a um estímulo aprendendo a discriminá-lo, e não foram repelidas pelo mesmo. No entanto, as abelhas melíferas não consumiriam os óleos quando misturados à sacarose para criar um estímulo incondicional. Em um experimento, em que abelhas encapsuladas foram submetidas a várias concentrações dos óleos essenciais, concentrações maiores que 50 por cento foram prejudiciais às abelhas. Os experimentos relatados aqui reforçam a validade do uso de técnicas de condicionamento para avaliar a ação de óleos essenciais no comportamento das abelhas melíferas.