ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the main endoscopic findings in patients under 40 years of age and the main indications for colonoscopy in these patients. Methods: A retrospective study with 362 reports of patients under 40 years of age who underwent colonoscopy from January 2014 to June 2017 at the colonoscopy service of the General Hospital Roberto Santos. Colon preparation was performed with mannitol and the patients underwent sedation as the anesthetist criteria. Results: Of the 362 patients analyzed, 192 (53%) were female. The mean age was 25 years (25.58 ± 11.95). The most frequent indications were inflammatory bowel disease in 24.3% (88) of the patients, bleeding in the lower digestive tract in 24% (87), and chronic diarrhea in 20.2% (73). The main colonoscopic findings were polyposis in 21.3% (77) of the patients and inflammatory alterations in 20.7% (75). Conclusion: With the analysis of the data provided by the colonoscopies, it was possible to conclude that, when the investigation is adequate and the examination is well indicated, even under the age of 40, colonoscopy can help in the diagnostic and treatment of several pathologies, including those that may increase the risk of colorectal cancer.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os principais achados endoscópicos nos pacientes com idade inferior a 40 anos e as principais indicações para realização das colonoscopias. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, com análise de 362 laudos de pacientes com idade inferior a 40 anos submetidos à colonoscopia, no período de Janeiro de 2014 até Junho de 2017 no serviço de coloproctologia do Hospital Geral Roberto Santos. Foi realizado preparo de cólon com manitol e os pacientes foram submetidos à sedação á critério do anestesista. Resultados: Dos 362 pacientes analisados, 192 (53%) eram do sexo feminino. Em relação à idade: média de 25 anos (25,58 ± 11,95). As indicações mais frequentes foram doença inflamatória intestinal em 24,3% (88) dos pacientes, sangramento digestivo baixo em 24% (87); e diarreia crônica 20,2% (73). Os principais achados colonoscópios foram polipose em 21,3 (77) dos pacientes e alterações inflamatórias em 20,7% (75). Conclusão: Com análise dos dados fornecidos pelos exames colonoscópios e suas indicações foi possível concluir que quando a investigação é adequada e o exame é bem indicado, mesmo abaixo dos 40 anos, a colonoscopia pode auxiliar no diagnóstico e tratamento de diversas patologias, inclusive as que podem aumentar o risco de câncer colorretal.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Colorectal Neoplasms , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases , Colonoscopy , Colorectal SurgeryABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de 989 pacientes con diagnóstico endoscópico de gastritis crónica, cuyas biopsias habían sido procesadas en el Departamento de Anatomía Patológica del municipio de Palma Soriano, en Santiago de Cuba, durante el período 2008-2014, con el objetivo de determinar la incidencia de la infección por Helicobacter pylori, para lo cual además se consideraron las variables: edad, sexo, tipos de gastritis, presencia del microorganismo y su asociación con neoplasias malignas. En la serie predominaron el grupo etario de 40-49 años (26,7 %) y el sexo femenino (69,0 %); asimismo, resultó más frecuente la gastritis superficial (57,8 %) y se halló la bacteria en 70,5 % de la muestra, donde solo 0,5 se asoció a neoplasias malignas
A descriptive and retrospective study of 989 patients with endoscopic diagnosis of chronic gastritis whose biopsies had been processed in the Pathology Department of Palma Soriano in Santiago de Cuba, was carried out during 2008-2014, aimed at determining the incidence of the infection due to Helicobacter pylori, for which the variables: age, sex, gastritis types, presence of the organism and its association with malignancies were also considered. In the series the 40-49 years age group (26,7 %) and female sex (69,0 %) prevailed; also, the superficial gastritis was more frequent (57,8 %) and the bacteria was found in 70,5 % of the sample, where only 0,5 was associated to malignancies
Subject(s)
Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal , Helicobacter pylori , Gastritis/diagnosis , AdenocarcinomaABSTRACT
La mucosa gástrica heterotópica en esófago cervical (MGHEC) es una condición probablemente subdiagnosticada. La gran mayoría de los pacientes son asintomáticos y su detección es un hallazgo incidental. En los pacientes sintomáticos, las manifestaciones se asocian con cambios no neoplásicos o neoplásicos, que permiten categorizarlos en cinco tipos. A la categoría tipo III corresponde el caso presentado del paciente, con disfagia y globus faríngeo por MGHEC de compromiso circunferencial con estenosis franqueable. Al momento de esta publicación, solo se encontraron siete casos similares en la literatura mundial. La detección de MGHEC (apoyada en nuevas tecnologías de imagen como la cromoendoscopia) puede ser un indicador de calidad en el desempeño endoscópico, similar a la detección de adenomas en colonoscopia.
Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the cervical esophagus is a condition that is probably underdiagnosed. The vast majority of patients are asymptomatic, and detection is an incidental finding. In symptomatic patients, manifestations are associated with non-neoplastic or neoplastic changes that allow categorization into five types. The case presented here is a patient who had Type III with dysphagia and pharyngeal globus due to heterotopic gastric mucosa in the cervical esophagus with circumferential presentation with stenosis. At the time of publication, only seven similar cases could be found in the literature. Detection, supported by new imaging technologies such as chromoendoscopy, may be an indicator of the quality of endoscopic performance in a manner that is similar to detection of adenomas in colonoscopy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Esophagus , Gastric MucosaABSTRACT
Introduction Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with gastro-duodenal diseases. Genes related to pathogenicity have been described for H. pylori and some of them appear to be associated with more severe clinical outcomes of the infection. The present study investigates the role of cagE as a pathogenicity biomarker of H. pylori compare it to cagA, vacA, iceA and babA2 genes and correlate with endoscopic diagnoses. Methods Were collected biopsy samples of 144 dyspeptic patients at the Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. After collection, the samples were sent for histological examination, DNA extraction and detection of all putative pathogenicity genes by PCR. Results Of the 144 patients undergoing endoscopy, 57 (39.6%) presented H. pylori by histological examination and PCR by detection of the ureA gene. Based on the endoscopic diagnoses, 45.6% (26/57) of the patients had erosive gastritis, while 54.4% (31/57) had enanthematous gastritis. The genes cagA, cagE, vacAs1/m1, vacAs1/m2 and iceA1 were related to erosive gastritis, while the genes vacAs2/m2, iceA2 and babA2 were associated to enanthematous gastritis. We found a statistically significant association between the presence of cagE and the endoscopic diagnosis. However, we detect no statistically significant association between the endoscopic diagnosis and the presence of cagA, vacA, iceA and babA2, although a biological association has been suggested. Conclusions Thus, cagE could be a risk biomarker for gastric lesions and may contribute to a better evaluation of the H. pylori pathogenic potential and to the prognosis of infection evolution in the gastric mucosa. .