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1.
Rev. Fac. Med. Hum ; 23(3)jul. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535189

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar si el uso de corticoides inhalados es factor de riesgo de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en el Hospital Víctor Lazarte Echegaray durante el período 2017-2020. Métodos: El estudio fue analítico, observacional, retrospectivo de casos y controles no emparejados a razón de 4:1, con una población de 405 sujetos; se seleccionaron 81 casos y 324 controles, quienes cumplieron los criterios de selección. Se realizó un muestro no probabilístico. Se incluyeron las variables, uso de corticoides inhalados, pacientes con neumonía adquirida en la comunidad, edad, sexo, desnutrición y tabaquismo. La medida de asociación se hizo utilizando la prueba no paramétrica Chi Cuadrado de Pearson y la prueba exacta de Fisher en frecuencias menores de 5. El análisis bivariado y multivariado se realizó mediante regresión logística múltiple con significancia estadística (valor p 0,05). Conclusión: El uso de corticoides inhalados no es factor de riesgo de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica.


Objective: To determine if the use of inhaled corticosteroids is a risk factor for community-acquired pneumonia in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease at the Víctor Lazarte Echegaray Hospital during the period 2017-2020. Methods: The study was analytical, observational, retrospective of cases and unmatched controls in a ratio of 4:, with a population of 405 subjects from whom 81 cases and 324 controls were selected, who met the selection criteria. A non-probabilistic sampling was carried out. The variables, use of inhaled corticosteroids, patients with community-acquired pneumonia, age, sex, malnutrition and smoking were included. The association was measured using Pearson's non-parametric Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test at lower frequencies less than 5. The bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression with statistical significance (p value 0.05). Conclusion: The use of inhaled corticosteroids is not a risk factor for community-acquired pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

2.
Respirar (Ciudad Autón. B. Aires) ; 15(2): 88-93, jun2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1437542

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es un trastorno res-piratorio caracterizado por síntomas clínicos y compromiso funcional que afecta la ca-pacidad aeróbica limitando las actividades cotidianas y la calidad de vida. La prueba de caminata de 6 minutos (C6M) es una prueba sencilla y de bajo costo que evalúa la capa-cidad de los pacientes para realizar sus actividades cotidianas. Objetivo: evaluar la re-lación entre la capacidad aeróbica medida por la distancia recorrida en la C6M y el se-xo, edad, disnea y comorbilidades cardiometabólicas en pacientes con EPOC. Material y métodos: estudio de corte transversal, descriptivo, basado en pruebas de caminatas de 6 minutos (C6M) realizadas en pacientes con EPOC. Resultados: se evaluaron 101 pacientes, hombres (63,4%), con una edad promedio de 74,1±8,7 años. Al correlacionar C6M con otras variables se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. La distancia media recorrida fue mayor en hombres que en mujeres (DM: 58,3 metros, IC 95%; 16 - 100,6, p=0,007). Los pacientes < 75 años, sin comorbilidades y disnea < 2 tu-vieron mejor desempeño en la C6M que los > 75 años (DM; 62,012 metros IC 95% 21,5 - 102,4, p=0,003), con comorbilidades (DM: 42,2 metros, IC 95%, 0.003 - 84,4; p=0,050) y disnea ≥ 2 (DM: 65,8 IC 95% 23,9 - 107,6, p=0,002). Conclusiones: el sexo femenino, la presencia de comorbilidad cardiovascular y metabólica, y la edad se asocian con dis-minución en la capacidad física aeróbica y funcional en los pacientes con EPOC. (AU)


Introduction: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disorder characterized by clinical symptoms and functional impairment that affects aerobic capacity, limiting daily activities and quality of life. The 6-minute walk test (C6M) is a simple, low-cost test that assesses a patient's ability to perform their daily activities. Objective: to evaluate the relationship between aerobic capacity measured by the distance covered in the C6M and gender, age, dyspnea and cardiometabolic comorbidities in patients with COPD. Materials and methods: cross-sectional, descriptive study, based on 6-minute walk tests (C6M) performed in patients with COPD. Results: 101 male patients (63.4%), with a mean age of 74.1 ± 8.7 years, were evaluated. When correlating C6M with other variables, statistically significant differences were found. The mean distance traveled was greater in men than in women (MD: 58.3 meters, 95% CI: 16 - 100.6, p=0.007). Patients <75 years old, without comorbidities and dyspnea <2 had better performance in the C6M than those >75 years old (MD; 62 meters CI 95% 21.5 - 102.4, p=0.003), with comorbidities (MD: 42.2 meters, 95% CI, 0.003 - 84.4; p=0.050) and dyspnea ≥ 2 (MD: 65.8, 95% CI 23.9 - 107.6, p=0.002). Conclusions: female sex, the presence of cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidity, and age are associated with decreased aerobic and functional physical capacity in patients with COPD. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/pathology , Dyspnea/pathology , Walk Test/methods , Quality of Life , Comorbidity , Colombia , Age Groups
3.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 160(8): 355-363, abril 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-219097

ABSTRACT

La telemedicina se define como el uso de la tecnología electrónica para la información y la comunicación de los profesionales de la salud con los pacientes, objetivando brindar y apoyar la atención médica a estos últimos fuera de las instituciones de salud. Esta revisión sistemática de la literatura durante la última década (2013-2022) investiga el uso de la telemedicina en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). Identificamos 53 publicaciones relacionadas con: (1) telemonitorización domiciliaria; (2) teleeducación y autocuidados; (3) telerehabilitación, y (4) salud móvil (mHealth). Los resultados mostraron que, aunque la evidencia aún es débil en muchos de estos dominios, los resultados son positivos en términos de mejora del estado de salud, uso de recursos de atención médica, viabilidad y satisfacción del paciente. Destacamos que no se identificaron problemas de seguridad. Por lo tanto, la telemedicina puede considerarse actualmente como un complemento potencial a la atención sanitaria habitual. (AU)


Telemedicine is defined as the use of electronic technology for information and communication by healthcare professionals with patients (or care givers) aiming at providing and supporting healthcare to patients away from healthcare institutions. This systematic review over the last decade (2013–2022) investigates the use of telemedicine in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We identified 53 publications related to: (1) home tele-monitorization; (2) tele-education and self-management; (3) telerehabilitation; and (4) mobile health (mHealth). Results showed that, although evidence is still weak in many of these domains, results are positive in terms of improvement of health-status, use of health-care resources, feasibility, and patient satisfaction. Importantly, no safety issues were identified. Thus, telemedicine can be considered today as a potential complement to usual healthcare. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Status , Patient Satisfaction , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy , Telemedicine
4.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 160(8): 355-363, 2023 04 21.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36801105

ABSTRACT

Telemedicine is defined as the use of electronic technology for information and communication by healthcare professionals with patients (or care givers) aiming at providing and supporting healthcare to patients away from healthcare institutions. This systematic review over the last decade (2013-2022) investigates the use of telemedicine in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We identified 53 publications related to: (1) home tele-monitorization; (2) tele-education and self-management; (3) telerehabilitation; and (4) mobile health (mHealth). Results showed that, although evidence is still weak in many of these domains, results are positive in terms of improvement of health-status, use of health-care resources, feasibility, and patient satisfaction. Importantly, no safety issues were identified. Thus, telemedicine can be considered today as a potential complement to usual healthcare.


Subject(s)
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Telemedicine , Humans , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy , Health Status , Patient Satisfaction
5.
Rev. esp. patol. torac ; 34(4): 209-216, dic. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-214619

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Hay poca información actualizada sobre las características clínicas y la gravedad de los pacientes con EPOC que ingresan por una agudización. Nuestro objetivo fue caracterizar a los pacientes que ingresan por agudización de EPOC según la limitación al flujo aéreo: obstrucción leve (Volumen Espiratorio Forzado en el primer segundo [VEF1] ≥ 80%); moderada (VEF1 50 - 79%); grave (VEF1 30 - 49%); o muy grave (VEF1 <3 0%).Métodos: Realizamos un análisis post-hoc del ensayo clínico multicéntrico SLICE (Significance of Pulmonary Embolism in COPD Exacerbations), que reclutó pacientes consecutivos con agudización de EPOC que requirieron ingreso en 18 hospitales españoles en el periodo comprendido entre septiembre de 2014 y julio de 2020.Resultados: Incluimos 737 pacientes, con una edad media (DE) de 70,2 ± 9,9 años, y un predominio de hombres (73,5%). La espirometría clasificó a los pacientes con obstrucción leve, moderada, grave o muy grave en el 8%, 31,5%, 45% y el 15,5%, respectivamente. Al comparar a los pacientes de acuerdo al grado de obstrucción, observamos que los pacientes con mayor obstrucción al flujo aéreo eran más jóvenes (leve: 71,7 ± 8,8, moderada: 72,4 ± 10, grave: 70,2 ± 9,8, muy grave: 66,6 ± 9,2; p < 0,001), presentaban más insuficiencia respiratoria crónica (37,3% vs. 30,2% vs. 44,9% vs. 64,3%; p < 0,001), presentaban más cianosis (5,8% vs. 5,9% vs. 8,5% vs. 15,3%; p < 0,001), presentaron mayor porcentaje de agudizaciones y estaban más taquicárdicos a su llegada al centro hospitalario (92 ± 16 latidos por minuto [lpm] vs. 94 ± 18 vs. 96 ± 18 lpm vs. 99 ± 18 lpm; p < 0,001). Además, la gasometría arterial al ingreso mostraba un pH menor y una pCO2 mayor cuanto más grave era la obstrucción al flujo aéreo (p < 0,001). Conclusión: La gravedad de la obstrucción al flujo aéreo se asocia con la forma de presentación y el resultado de la gasometría arterial del paciente con agudización de EPOC que requiere ingreso hospitalario. (AU)


Introduction: There is little up-to-date information on the clinical characteristics and severity of COPD patients admitted for an exacerbation. Our objective was to characterize patients admitted due to COPD exacerbation according to airflow limitation: mild obstruction (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second [FEV1] ≥ 80%); moderate (FEV1 50 - 79%); severe (FEV1 30 - 49%); or very severe (FEV1 <3 0%).Methods: We performed a post-hoc analysis of the multicenter clinical trial SLICE (Significance of Pulmonary Embolism in COPD Exacerbations), which recruited consecutive patients with COPD exacerbation who required admission to 18 Spanish hospitals in the period between September 2014 and July 2020.Results: We included 737 patients, with a mean (SD) age of 70.2 ± 9.9 years, and a predominance of men (73.5%). Spirometry classified patients with mild, moderate, severe, or very severe obstruction in 8%, 31.5%, 45%, and 15.5%, respectively. When comparing the patients according to the degree of obstruction, we observed that the patients with greater airflow obstruction were younger (mild: 71.7 ± 8.8, moderate: 72.4 ± 10, severe: 70.2 ± 9.8, very severe: 66.6 ± 9.2; p < 0.001), had more chronic respiratory failure (37.3% vs. 30.2% vs. 44.9% vs. 64.3%; p < 0.001), had more cyanosis (5.8% vs. 5.9% vs. 8.5% vs. 15.3%; p < 0.001), had a higher percentage of exacerbations and were more tachycardic on arrival at the center hospital (92 ± 16 beats per minute [bpm] vs. 94 ± 18 vs. 96 ± 18 bpm vs. 99 ± 18 bpm; p < 0.001). In addition, arterial blood gases on admission showed a lower pH and a higher pCO2 the more severe the airflow obstruction was (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The severity of the airflow obstruction is associated with the form of presentation and the result of the arterial blood gases of the patient with COPD exacerbation who requires hospital admission. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Symptom Flare Up , Spain , Hospitalization , Spirometry
6.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 158(10): 472-475, mayo 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-204552

ABSTRACT

Introducción:Numerosos estudios muestran que los pacientes con Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC) realizan una técnica de inhalación (TI) incorrecta. Nuestra investigación pretende describir los errores cometidos y la Importancia Clínica de dichos Fallos (ICF), e identificar los factores relacionados con ello.Pacientes y métodos:Estudio descriptivo transversal de 995 pacientes seguidos en 20 Centros de Salud de Andalucía. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, calidad de vida, estado mental-cognitivo, espirometría, gravedad, número de dispositivos, realización correcta de la TI, instrucción previa e ICF.Resultados:906 pacientes (91,1%) realizaban una TI incorrecta. Los errores más frecuentes presentaban ICF2-moderada y se relacionaron con nivel cognitivo bajo, pico flujo inhalatorio bajo y menos visitas al neumólogo. Los errores críticos-ICF3 mostraron relación con mayor gravedad, uso de Turbuhaler® y peor calidad de vida.Discusión:Altísima tasa de técnica incorrecta cuyos errores más frecuentes comprometen de forma moderada la eficacia del fármaco, se relacionan con el modo de realizar la TI y no con la dificultad en el manejo del dispositivo. Esto muestra la importancia de entrenar correctamente a nuestros pacientes. (AU)


Introduction:Numerous studies show that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) perform an incorrect inhalation technique (IT). This research aims to describe inhalation errors committed and their clinical importance, and to identify factors related to them.Patients and methods:A total of 995 patients were recruited in this cross-sectional, descriptive study that was conducted across 20 Andalusian Health Care Centres. The following variables were collected: socio-demographic data, quality of life, mental and cognitive status, spirometry tests, severity, number of IT devices, IT correct performance, previous instruction and clinical importance of errors.Results:Of the 995 patients, 906 (91,1%) performed an incorrect IT. The most common errors showed moderate errors, which were related to low-cognitive level, low-peak expiratory flow and fewer medical consultations with the pulmonologist. Critical errors were correlated with greater severity, usage of Turbuhaler® and worse quality of life.Discussion:Soaring incorrect technique rate, whose most common errors sparingly compromise the drug effectiveness. These errors are related to the way the patients perform the IT, and not to the difficulty in handling the device. This information demonstrates the relevance of training patients in a proper way. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Organization and Administration , Inhalation , Nebulizers and Vaporizers , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy , Quality of Life , Cross-Sectional Studies , Spirometry/methods
7.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 158(10): 472-475, 2022 05 27.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34392985

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Numerous studies show that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) perform an incorrect inhalation technique (IT). This research aims to describe inhalation errors committed and their clinical importance, and to identify factors related to them. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 995 patients were recruited in this cross-sectional, descriptive study that was conducted across 20 Andalusian Health Care Centres. The following variables were collected: socio-demographic data, quality of life, mental and cognitive status, spirometry tests, severity, number of IT devices, IT correct performance, previous instruction and clinical importance of errors. RESULTS: Of the 995 patients, 906 (91,1%) performed an incorrect IT. The most common errors showed moderate errors, which were related to low-cognitive level, low-peak expiratory flow and fewer medical consultations with the pulmonologist. Critical errors were correlated with greater severity, usage of Turbuhaler® and worse quality of life. DISCUSSION: Soaring incorrect technique rate, whose most common errors sparingly compromise the drug effectiveness. These errors are related to the way the patients perform the IT, and not to the difficulty in handling the device. This information demonstrates the relevance of training patients in a proper way.


Subject(s)
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Quality of Life , Administration, Inhalation , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Nebulizers and Vaporizers , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy , Spirometry/methods
8.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 57(12): 741-749, dic. 2021. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-212445

ABSTRACT

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze current data on the population's level of knowledge about COPD and to evaluate certain diagnostic interventions, such as the use of spirometry. Material and methods: An epidemiological, observational, cross-sectional study by telephone interview, with random dialing of landline telephone numbers, was conducted in November 2019, in a nationally representative sample of adults over 40 years of age. Results: From a total of 51,079 telephone calls, a total of 1920 individuals responded. Mean age was 61.9 years and 31.6% were men. Overall, 19.4% were current smokers and 13.4% reported respiratory disease (5% reported COPD). In total, 27.9% had spontaneous knowledge of COPD, which is a relative increase from the 17% observed in 2011. The most frequent information channel was the media (35.5%), with a significant presence of social networks and the Internet (25.7%). Almost one fifth (18.1%) had chronic respiratory symptoms. Of these, 59.3% had requested medical care, and 66.2% had undergone spirometry. Spirometry was performed less frequently in subjects treated in primary care compared to respiratory medicine departments (51.9% versus 79.1%; P < .001). Conclusions: Knowledge of COPD is still scarce, and strategies are needed to increase awareness and the importance of assessing respiratory symptoms and increased use of spirometry. (AU)


Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los datos actuales del nivel de conocimiento de la población sobre la EPOC y evaluar algunas actuaciones diagnósticas, como el uso de espirometría. Material y métodos: Estudio epidemiológico, observacional y transversal mediante entrevista telefónica, con marcación aleatoria de números de teléfono fijos, realizado en noviembre del 2019, con una muestra representativa a nivel nacional en adultos mayores de 40 años. Resultados: De un total de 51079 contactos telefónicos se obtuvo un total de 1920 encuestados. La edad media era 61,9 años con 31,6% de hombres. 19,4% eran fumadores actuales y un 13,4% referían tener alguna enfermedad respiratoria (5% referían una EPOC). El 27,9% tenía conocimiento espontáneo sobre la EPOC, lo que supone un aumento relativo respecto al 17% observado en el 2011. El canal de información más frecuente eran los medios de comunicación (35,5%), con importante presencia de redes sociales e internet (25,7%). Un 18,1% tenían síntomas respiratorios crónicos. De ellos, un 59,3% solicitaron atención médica, y 66,2% se realizó la espirometría. La espirometría era realizada con menor frecuencia en sujetos atendidos en atención primaria respecto a neumología (51,9% versus 79,1%; P < .001). Conclusiones: El conocimiento de la EPOC es todavía escaso, y son necesarias estrategias para aumentar la concienciación y la importancia de evaluar los síntomas respiratorios y el mayor uso de la espirometría. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Spirometry , Spain , Epidemiologic Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Interviews as Topic
9.
Arch Bronconeumol ; 57(12): 741-749, 2021 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35698980

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze current data on the population's level of knowledge about COPD and to evaluate certain diagnostic interventions, such as the use of spirometry. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An epidemiological, observational, cross-sectional study by telephone interview, with random dialing of landline telephone numbers, was conducted in November 2019, in a nationally representative sample of adults over 40 years of age. RESULTS: From a total of 51,079 telephone calls, a total of 1920 individuals responded. Mean age was 61.9 years and 31.6% were men. Overall, 19.4% were current smokers and 13.4% reported respiratory disease (5% reported COPD). In total, 27.9% had spontaneous knowledge of COPD, which is a relative increase from the 17% observed in 2011. The most frequent information channel was the media (35.5%), with a significant presence of social networks and the Internet (25.7%). Almost one fifth (18.1%) had chronic respiratory symptoms. Of these, 59.3% had requested medical care, and 66.2% had undergone spirometry. Spirometry was performed less frequently in subjects treated in primary care compared to respiratory medicine departments (51.9% versus 79.1%; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of COPD is still scarce, and strategies are needed to increase awareness and the importance of assessing respiratory symptoms and increased use of spirometry.


Subject(s)
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Smoking/epidemiology , Spirometry/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Interviews as Topic , Knowledge , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/etiology , Smoking/adverse effects , Spain/epidemiology
10.
Rev Clin Esp (Barc) ; 217(7): 387-393, 2017 Oct.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28732795

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the overall incidence of cancer is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyse the incidence of cancer (pulmonary or extrapulmonary) in patients with COPD during follow-up in a specialised outpatient unit, as well as to assess its relationship with the degree of airflow obstruction. METHODOLOGY: A prospective observational study was conducted with a cohort of 308 patients with COPD in pulmonology outpatient follow-up consultations from January 2012 to December 2015. The diagnosed malignancies during this period were divided into pulmonary and extrapulmonary. RESULTS: The overall incidence rate of cancer, lung cancer and extrapulmonary cancer were 10.3, 3.4 and 7.3 cases per 1,000 patients with COPD per year, respectively. The most common cancers were lung cancer (31%), genitourinary tract cancer (29%) and gastrointestinal cancer (21%). Mild-moderate stages (gradeI-II of the 2009 GOLD classification) and the increase in the pack-year index (PYI) were related to an increase in the onset of malignancies, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.16 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.087-4.309; P=.026) and 1.01 (95% CI: 1.002-1.031; P=.023), respectively. CONCLUSION: The incidence of extrapulmonary cancer in patients with COPD was twice that of lung cancer; stagesI-II of the 2009 GOLD classification and the PYI were significantly related to the onset of malignancies.

11.
Emergencias ; 28(6): 387-395, 2016.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29106083

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To study the influence of quality of life on the decision to admit patients attended for exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a hospital emergency department (ED) and to explore the association with poor outcome at 2 months. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study of a cohort of patients with exacerbated COPD attended in an ED between November 2011 and September 2012. We collected sociodemographic and clinical data as well as scores on the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), the modified scale of the Medical Research Council, and the Borg scale for Perceived Dyspnea at the following times: baseline (clinically stable) (t0), on exacerbation (emergency) (t1), 15 days later or on discharge (t2), and 2 months after the emergency (t3). The outcome measures were hospital admission, revisits to the ED, and readmission within 2 months of the exacerbation. RESULTS: A total of 191 patients treated for exacerbated COPD were included. The mean (SD) age was 74.9 (10.2) years; 173 (90.6%) were men. The exacerbations were mild in 97 cases (56.4%). The median (interquartile range) CAT scores were 14.5 (9-21), 20 (15-28), 16 (10-22), and 14.5 (10-21) at t0, t1, t2 and t3, respectively. One hundred twenty-three patients (64.4%) were admitted, 68 (35.6%) revisited the ED, and 39 (20.4%) were readmitted within 2 months. A high level of disease impact on quality of life at t1 (vs low impact) was independently associated with hospital admission (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.7; 95% CI, 1.0-13.2; P=.043). Impact on t2 was associated with a revisit within 2 months (adjusted OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.1-11.7; P=.031). Minimal change between the t1 and t2 CAT scores was independently associated with an ED revisit within 2 months (adjusted OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2-7.4; P=.023). When the data for patients discharged from the ED were analyzed separately from those for admitted patients, the differences were statistically significant only for those who had been hospitalized. CONCLUSION: The CAT score could be useful for predicting hospital admissions and revisiting within 2 months, especially in patients admitted for exacerbated COPD.


OBJETIVO: Estudiar la influencia de la calidad de vida en la toma de decisión de ingreso y los resultados adversos a 2 meses en pacientes atendidos en urgencias por exacerbación de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EAEPOC). METODO: Estudio cohortes prospectivo que incluyó a pacientes atendidos por EAEPOC en un SUH entre noviembre de 2011 y septiembre de 2012. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, datos clínicos, el cuestionario CAT, la escala de disnea mMRC y la escala Borg de disnea en cuatro momentos diferentes (basal, urgencias, 15 días o alta y a los 2 meses, t0, t1, t2 y t3 respectivamente). Las variables de resultado fueron el ingreso hospitalario, la revisita y el reingreso en los dos primeros meses tras la atención en urgencias. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 191 pacientes [edad media de 74,9 (DE 10,2) años, (90,6%) hombres, 97 (56,4%) con exacerbación leve]. La mediana de la puntuación CAT fue de 14,5 (RIC 9-21) en t0, de 20 (RIC 15-28) en t1, de 16 (RIC 10-22) en t2 y de 14,5 (RIC 10-21) en t3. Ciento veintitrés (64,4%) casos, 68 (35,6%) revisitaron urgencias y 39 (20,4%) reingresaron en planta en los 2 primeros meses. Un alto impacto en relación a un bajo impacto en la calidad de vida en t1 se asoció de forma independiente con el ingreso hospitalario (OR ajustada 3,7; IC95% 1,0-13,2 p = 0,043) y en t2 con la revisita a urgencias en los 2 primeros meses (OR ajustada 3,6; IC95% IC 1,1-11,7; p = 0,031). Los pacientes con un cambio mínimo en el CAT en t0 y en t2 fue un factor independiente de revisita a los 2 meses (OR ajustada 2,9; IC95% 1,2-7,4 p = 0,023). El análisis estratificado en función del ingreso o alta directa desde urgencias mostró que estos hallazgos solo son estadísticamente significativos en la población hospitalizada por EAEPOC. CONCLUSIONES: La escala CAT podría ser una herramienta de utilidad a la hora de predecir el ingreso hospitalario y la revista en los 2 primeros meses, especialmente en la población ingresada por EAEPOC.

12.
Arch Bronconeumol ; 51(8): 403-16, 2015 Aug.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25596991

ABSTRACT

ALAT-2014 COPD Clinical Practice Guidelines used clinical questions in PICO format to compile evidence related to risk factors, COPD screening, disease prognosis, treatment and exacerbations. Evidence reveals the existence of risk factors for COPD other than tobacco, as well as gender differences in disease presentation. It shows the benefit of screening in an at-risk population, and the predictive value use of multidimensional prognostic indexes. In stable COPD, similar benefits in dyspnea, pulmonary function and quality of life are achieved with LAMA or LABA long-acting bronchodilators, whereas LAMA is more effective in preventing exacerbations. Dual bronchodilator therapy has more benefits than monotherapy. LAMA and combination LABA/IC are similarly effective, but there is an increased risk of pneumonia with LABA/IC. Data on the efficacy and safety of triple therapy are scarce. Evidence supports influenza vaccination in all patients and anti-pneumococcal vaccination in patients <65years of age and/or with severe airflow limitation. Antibiotic prophylaxis may decrease exacerbation frequency in patients at risk. The use of systemic corticosteroids and antibiotics are justified in exacerbations requiring hospitalization and in some patients managed in an outpatient setting.


Subject(s)
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists/therapeutic use , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Bronchodilator Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Environmental Exposure , Epidemiologic Studies , Evidence-Based Medicine , Female , Humans , Male , Mass Screening , Muscarinic Antagonists/therapeutic use , Opportunistic Infections/prevention & control , Prognosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Risk Factors , Sex Distribution , Smoking/adverse effects , Vaccination
13.
Rev. med. Risaralda ; 20(1): 20-23, ene.-jun. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-729634

ABSTRACT

La evaluación del trabajo que desarrollamos en atención primaria es una forma de detectar los puntos débiles, ayudándonos a mejorar. El objetivo del presente trabajo es conocer la opinión de los médicos de familia de un centro de salud (CS) sobre sus pacientes con EPOC. Como método se ha utilizado una encuesta a la que respondieron los médicos antes y después de presentar los resultados de la evaluación de esos pacientes. Se ha evaluado anualmente durante un periodo de tres años (junio 2008 - mayo 2011) una muestra aleatoria de 137 pacientes con diagnóstico activo de EPOC en su historia clínica electrónica (HCE). La prevalencia registrada de EPOC en el CS ha pasado de 3,07% en 2009 a 3,23% en 2011. El porcentaje de pacientes diagnosticados incorrectamente de EPOC en la HCE ha sido del 20,4%. La edad media era de 70,3 años (DE 12,4) y el 69,3% eran varones. En el tercer año evaluado, constaba un 31% de pacientes fumadores, un porcentaje similar de no fumadores y en el 38% restante no había registro de dicho hábito. Se registraron 89 espirometrías. En el 69,3% se realizó una radiografía de tórax. La vacuna antineumocócica sólo constaba en el 12,4% de los casos. A la vista de estos datos cuantitativos nos damos cuenta de que existen aspectos susceptibles de mejorar, pero esto sólo si conocemos la realidad objetiva que nos aporta la evaluación de nuestro trabajo y no sólo la sensación subjetiva de cómo creemos tener controlados a nuestros pacientes.


The assessment of our work in primary health care is a way of detecting the weak points, helping us to improve. The objective of this study is to find out the opinion of the general practitioners (GP) from a health care center (HCC) about their chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The methodology consisted in using a questionnaire to which the GPs responded before and after presenting these patients assessment data. A random sample of 137 patients with COPD active diagnosis in their electronic medical records was evaluated yearly for a period of three years (from June, 2008 to May, 2011). COPD registered prevalence in the HCC turned from 3.07% in 2009 to 3.23% in 2011. There were a 20.4% of patients incorrectly diagnosed with COPD. Mean age was 70.3 years old (SD 12.4) and 69.3% were males. In the third evaluation year, there were 31% of them registered as smokers, a similar percentage as non-smokers and the rest of them (38%) didn't have any registered data regarding the smoking habit. There were 89 spirometries registered. In 69.3% of the patients a chest X-ray was performed. Anti-pneumococcal vaccination was registered in 12.4% of the cases only. Taking into account these quantitative data we realize that there are aspects to improve. This becomes possible only if we get to know the objective reality that our work assessment brings to light and not just guiding ourselves by the subjective sensation of how we think we have our patients controlled.


Subject(s)
Humans , Physicians, Family , Primary Health Care , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Electronic Health Records , General Practitioners , Spirometry , Smoking , Prevalence , Pneumococcal Vaccines , Delivery of Health Care , Non-Smokers
14.
West Indian med. j ; 62(8): 738-743, Nov. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045743

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (ECOPD) are a major problem worldwide and usually a leading cause for hospitalizations and in some cases, indication for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the length of stay in hospital and outcome of ECOPD patients. We compared the length of hospital stay in the medical ward, intensive care unit (ICU) departments and discharges during a period of six months. METHODS: This was an observational, longitudinal prospective study of 242 COPD patients that were admitted with COPD exacerbation. In each patient, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score and serial arterial blood gases (ABG) were measured upon and during admission. RESULTS: Eighty per cent (194) of242 COPD patients were admitted to the medical department and most of them were discharged within five days. Forty-eight needed IMV and stayed in hospital more than ten days; overall mortality rate was about 5%. CONCLUSION: Most of the hospitalized patients with COPD exacerbation (60%) were discharged within five days, 20% needed IMV and stayed in hospital more than ten days.


ANTECEDENTES: Las exacerbaciones de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) representan un problema grave en todo el mundo, constituyen generalmente una de las causas principales de las hospitalizaciones, y son en algunos casos la indicación de que se requiere ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI). OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la duración de la estancia en el hospital y el resultado de los pacientes de EPOC. Comparamos la duración de la estancia hospitalaria en la sala médica, las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI), y las altas producidas en un período de seis meses. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio prospectivo, observacional, y longitudinal de 242 pacientes con EPOC que fueron ingresados con exacerbación de la EPOC. A cada paciente se le hicieron mediciones mediante la puntuación de la escala de Evaluación de la fisiología aguda y salud crónica (APACHE II) y la gasometría arterial seriada, tanto al momento de ingresar como durante el ingreso. RESULTADOS: El ochenta por ciento (194) de los pacientes 242 pacientes con EPOC, fueron ingresados en el departamento médico, y la mayoría de ellos fueron dados de alta en cinco días. Cuarenta y ocho necesitaron VMI, y permanecieron en el hospital más de diez días. La tasa de mortalidad general fue alrededor del 5%. CONCLUSIÓN: La mayoría de los pacientes hospitalizados con exacerbación de la EPOC (60%) fueron dados de alta dentro de cinco días. El 20% necesitó VMI, y se permaneció en el hospital más de diez días.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Patients' Rooms/statistics & numerical data , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Patient Discharge/statistics & numerical data , Respiration, Artificial , Prospective Studies , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy
15.
Rev. MED ; 20(2): 82-100, jul.-dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-681743

ABSTRACT

El avance de la investigación médica, en los campos de la biología molecular y la ingeniería genética, ha traído consigo el desarrollo de una serie de nuevos medicamentos dirigidos a bloquear diferentes vías de la respuesta inmune celular. La terapia biológica, nombre con el cual se reconoce a estos nuevos medicamentos, ofrece una nueva oportunidad terapéutica para el manejo de enfermedades crónicas progresivas. En las enfermedades pulmonares crónicas como el asma, la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), la enfermedad pulmonar parenquimatosa difusa (EPPD) y el cáncer de pulmón, el tratamiento con medicamentos biológicos ha aportado importantes avances para comprender con mayor claridad estas enfermedades y en algunos casos gracias a la eficacia de los mismos, mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes que las presentan. Debido al número cada vez mayor de medicamentos de terapia biológica y su aplicación terapéutica creciente en enfermedades inflamatorias crónicas y cáncer, creemos necesario revisar su estado actual en el manejo de la patología pulmonar crónica.


The advancement of medical research in molecular biology and genetic engineering has given rise to the development of new drugs aimed at blocking different pathways of cellular immune responses. Biological therapy is a new therapeutic option for progressive chronic disease management. In chronic lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD) and lung cancer, treatment with biologics has made important advances in the understanding of these diseases, and in some cases, due to their effectiveness, has contributed to the improvement in life quality of patients who suffer them. Due to the increasing number of biological therapy drugs and their therapeutic application in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer, it is relevant to review their current status in the management of chronic lung diseases.


O avanço da pesquisa médica, nos campos da biologia molecular e da engenharia genética, trouxe consigo o desenvolvimento de uma série de novos medicamentos dirigidos a bloquear diferentes vias da resposta imune celular. A terapia biológica, nome com o qual são conhecidos estes novos medicamentos, oferece uma nova oportunidade terapêutica para o tratamento de doenças cônicas progressivas. Nas doenças pulmonares crônicas como a asma, a doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC), a doença parenquimatosa difusa pulmonar (DPDP) e o câncer de pulmão, o tratamento com medicamentos biológicos tem contribuído com importantes avanços para compreender com maior claridade estas doenças e em alguns casos graças à eficácia dos mesmos, melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes que as apresentam. Devido ao número cada vez maior de medicamentos de terapia biológica e sua aplicação terapêutica crescente em doenças inflamatórias crônicas e câncer, acreditamos que é necessário revisar seu estado atual no tratamento da patologia pulmonar Crônica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biological Factors , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Immunomodulation , Immunotherapy , Antibodies, Monoclonal
16.
Rev. cuba. anestesiol. reanim ; 11(3): 237-243, sep.-dic. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-739106

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el tratamiento quirúrgico de la litiasis en la vesícula biliar por cirugía video-laparoscópica, minimiza la estadía hospitalaria y permite incluir muchos de estos pacientes en regímenes ambulatorios. Objetivo: presentar la evolución clínica de un paciente con una enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) severa, propuesto para trasplante pulmonar. Caso clínico: paciente masculino de 55 años, con diagnóstico de litiasis vesicular, fumador inveterado, con EPOC severa y linfoma de Hodgkin. Al examen físico presentaba murmullo vesicular disminuido, sibilantes, taquipnea y uso activo de los músculos accesorios del cuello para la respiración. Tiempo quirúrgico de 1 hora y 20 minutos. Recuperación satisfactoria. Al tercer día de posoperatoria se le constató íctero. En ultrasonido abdominal (US) se observó dilatación de la vía biliar principal y se realizó colédoco pancreatografía retrograda endoscópica de urgencia con anestesia general endovenosa, por medio de esta se constató lesión de la vía biliar principal. Se decidió realizar hepato-yeyunostomía por cirugía convencional con anestesia combinada (epidural continua-general orotraqueal). Luego de su traslado a la sala de Cuidados Posquirúrgicos, se mantuvo intubado para su recuperación y su seguimiento posterior, egresó del centro a los 21 días de su primera intervención con evolución satisfactoria. Conclusiones: en los pacientes portadores de EPOC grave, se puede utilizar cirugía mínimamente invasiva y se vigile de cerca, se realice anestesia con estabilidad de todos sistemas, vigilancia perioperatoria adecuada, control del dolor, prescindiendo de recuperarlos en salas de cuidados posquirúrgicos especializados.


Introduction: videolaparoscopic surgical treatment of gallstone disease reduces hospital stay to a minimum and makes it possible to treat many of the cases on an outpatient basis. Objective: describe the clinical evolution of a patient with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) proposed for lung transplantation. Clinical case: 55-year-old male patient diagnosed with gallstone disease, inveterate smoker with severe COPD and Hodgkin lymphoma. The physical examination revealed diminished vesicular murmur, sibilants, tachypnea and active use of accessory neck muscles for breathing. Surgical time was 1 hour 20 minutes. Recovery was satisfactory. Jaundice was observed on the third day of the postoperative period. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed dilatation of the main bile duct, and emergency endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography performed under general intravenous anesthesia showed a lesion on the main bile duct. It was decided to perform an hepaticojejunostomy by conventional surgery under combined anesthesia (continuous epidural-general orotracheal). After transfer to the postoperative care unit, the patient remained intubated with a view to his recovery and eventual follow-up, and was discharged from hospital 21 days after his first surgery exhibiting a satisfactory evolution. Conclusions: minimally invasive surgery may be used in patients with severe COPD as long as it is closely watched and the following requirements are met: anesthesia with stability of all systems, adequate perioperative surveillance, pain control and recovery in specialized postoperative care units.

17.
Rev. cuba. anestesiol. reanim ; 11(3): 237-243, sep.-dic. 2012.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-64900

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el tratamiento quirúrgico de la litiasis en la vesícula biliar por cirugía video-laparoscópica, minimiza la estadía hospitalaria y permite incluir muchos de estos pacientes en regímenes ambulatorios.Objetivo: presentar la evolución clínica de un paciente con una enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) severa, propuesto para trasplante pulmonar.Caso clínico: paciente masculino de 55 años, con diagnóstico de litiasis vesicular, fumador inveterado, con EPOC severa y linfoma de Hodgkin. Al examen físico presentaba murmullo vesicular disminuido, sibilantes, taquipnea y uso activo de los músculos accesorios del cuello para la respiración. Tiempo quirúrgico de 1 hora y 20 minutos. Recuperación satisfactoria. Al tercer día de posoperatoria se le constató íctero. En ultrasonido abdominal (US) se observó dilatación de la vía biliar principal y se realizó colédoco pancreatografía retrograda endoscópica de urgencia con anestesia general endovenosa, por medio de esta se constató lesión de la vía biliar principal. Se decidió realizar hepato-yeyunostomía por cirugía convencional con anestesia combinada (epidural continua-general orotraqueal). Luego de su traslado a la sala de Cuidados Posquirúrgicos, se mantuvo intubado para su recuperación y su seguimiento posterior, egresó del centro a los 21 días de su primera intervención con evolución satisfactoria.Conclusiones: en los pacientes portadores de EPOC grave, se puede utilizar cirugía mínimamente invasiva y se vigile de cerca, se realice anestesia con estabilidad de todos sistemas, vigilancia perioperatoria adecuada, control del dolor, prescindiendo de recuperarlos en salas de cuidados posquirúrgicos especializados(AU)


Introduction: videolaparoscopic surgical treatment of gallstone disease reduces hospital stay to a minimum and makes it possible to treat many of the cases on an outpatient basis. Objective: describe the clinical evolution of a patient with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) proposed for lung transplantation. Clinical case: 55-year-old male patient diagnosed with gallstone disease, inveterate smoker with severe COPD and Hodgkin lymphoma. The physical examination revealed diminished vesicular murmur, sibilants, tachypnea and active use of accessory neck muscles for breathing. Surgical time was 1 hour 20 minutes. Recovery was satisfactory. Jaundice was observed on the third day of the postoperative period. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed dilatation of the main bile duct, and emergency endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography performed under general intravenous anesthesia showed a lesion on the main bile duct. It was decided to perform an hepaticojejunostomy by conventional surgery under combined anesthesia (continuous epidural-general orotracheal). After transfer to the postoperative care unit, the patient remained intubated with a view to his recovery and eventual follow-up, and was discharged from hospital 21 days after his first surgery exhibiting a satisfactory evolution. Conclusions: minimally invasive surgery may be used in patients with severe COPD as long as it is closely watched and the following requirements are met: anesthesia with stability of all systems, adequate perioperative surveillance, pain control and recovery in specialized postoperative care units(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/pathology , Urinary Bladder Calculi/diagnosis , Anesthesia, Epidural , Anesthesia, General , Lung Transplantation/rehabilitation , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic/adverse effects , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic/methods
18.
Investig. andin ; 12(21): 71-86, sept. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-559386

ABSTRACT

Introducción: los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar aguda (Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria Aguda -SDRA/ Lesión Pulmona Aguda-LPA) o crónica(Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica- EPOC), presentan una importante alteración de su estado nutricional. La pérdida de peso tiene un efecto negativo en el curso clínico de estos pacientes. Las causas incluyen un disbalance energético, un incremento en las citoquinas, hipoxia y uso de glucocorticoides. El soporte nutricional está usualmente indicado como terapéutica o como apoyo en eltratamiento. Métodos: ésta es una revisión sistemática de literatura que consultó 1.026 números y seleccionó 87 artículos por su calidad y pertinencia.Resultados: se han propuesto diversas fórmulas de Nutrición Enteral (NE) yparenteral (NP) para contrarrestar los efectos adversos relacionados con elincremento en las demandas de ventilación mecánica de los pacientes alimentados con fórmulas estándar con altos contenidos de carbohidratos. Sin embargo, el uso de fórmulas especiales en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar sigue siendo objeto de controversia.Conclusión: esta revisión sistemática tuvo como propósito mostrar los principales factores asociados con la malnutrición en las enfermedades pulmonares y examinar objetivamente el uso de las fórmulas de nutrición enteral y parenteral en enfermedad pulmonar aguda y crónica. Incluye los estudios que evalúan la eficacia de estas fórmulas y aporta recomendaciones básicas para su uso en enfermedades pulmonares específicas.


Introduction: the potential for altered nutritional status in critically ill patients with either acute (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome-ARDS/Acute Lung Injury-ALI) or chronic pulmonary disease (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is significant. Weight loss in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has a negative effect on the clinical course of the patient. Causes of weight loss in this population are known to include effects of an energy imbalance, increased cytokines, hypoxia, and glucocorticoid use. Nutritional support is often indicated as a treatment modality. Methods: we searched 1026 articles and was selected 87 articles. Results: several enteral and parenteral formulas (EN-PN) have been suggested to help counteract the possible adverse respiratory effects associated with a standard formula with higher carbohydrates content to reduce ventilator demand of the patients. However, the use of these specialized enteral formulas in individuals with pulmonary disease remains controversial. Conclusion: the purposes of this systematic review was to synthesize the factors associated with malnutrition in pulmonary diseases and to evaluate the rationale for use of modified parenteral and enteral formulas in both chronic and acute pulmonary disease. This paper includes the available studies evaluating the efficacy of these formulas, and provides overall recommendations for the use of specialized formulas in individuals with pulmonary disease.


Introdução: os pacientes com enfermidade pulmonar aguda (Síndrome de Dificuldade Respiratória Aguda -SDRA/ Lesão Pulmonar Aguda -LPA) ou crônica (Enfermidade Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica- EPOC), apresentam uma importante alteração de seu estado nutricional. A perda de peso tem um efeito negativo no curso clínico destes pacientes. As causas incluem um desequilíbrio energético, um incremento nas citoquimicas, hipoxia e uso de glucocorticoides. O suporte nutricional está usualmente indicado como terapêutico ou como apoio no tratamento. Métodos: este é uma revisão sistemática da literatura que consultou 1026 números e selecionou 87 artigos por sua qualidade e pertinência. Resultados: têm-se proposto diversas fórmulas de Nutrição Enteral (NE) e parenteral (NP) para contra restar os resultados adversos relacionados ao incremento nas demandas de ventilação mecânica dos pacientes alimentados com fórmulas uniformes com altos conteúdos de carboidratos. Mas o uso de fórmulas especiais em pacientes com doenças pulmonar segue sendo objeto de controvérsia. Conclusão: esta revisão sistemática teve como propósito mostrar os principais fatores associados à má nutrição nas enfermidades pulmonares e examinar objetivamente o uso das fórmulas de nutrição enteral e parenteral em enfermidades pulmonares agudas e crônicas. Inclui estudos que avaliam a eficácia destas fórmulas e traz recomendações básicas para seu uso em enfermidades pulmonares específicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Lung Diseases , Nutritional Support
19.
Rev. cienc. salud (Bogotá) ; 6(1): 16-25, abr. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-635920

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Analizar el concepto del usuario con EPOC y de los médicos en un hospital público de Bogotá respecto a educación, tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico, de acuerdo con la GOLD. Método. Estudio descriptivo cualitativo, exploratorio, desarrollado mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a 8 médicos y 61 pacientes de consulta externa. Resultados. El 72% de los pacientes no ha recibido explicación acerca del tratamiento, recomendaciones de manejo, ni ha sido interrogado sobre aspectos personales, sociales, o nutricionales. El 70% manifiesta dificultades para acceder a citas médicas y obtener medicamentos. El 90% de los médicos conoce la GOLD; refieren que el tiempo, el volumen de consulta, la disponibilidad de recursos institucionales, el bajo nivel sociocultural, económico y de compromiso de los pacientes dificulta su aplicación. Conclusiones. Existen desventajas en la atención del paciente, ya sea por escasez de recursos, infraestructura, ausencia de programas de prevención, promoción y educación, características del Sistema de Seguridad Social, personales y del entorno.


Purpose. To analyze the concept of the outpatients with COPD and theirs physicians in a public hospital of Bogota, in relation to educational, pharmacological and non pharmacological treatment, according to GOLD. Method. Qualitative descriptive study, exploratory type, developed through semi structured interviews for eight (8) physicians and sixty one (61) outpatients with COPD. Results. Patients agree with the short explanation of the physician or health profesionals about the treatment they are receiving, the recommendations for the handling of their disease and the absence of questions about their personal, social, mental or nutritional life. The patients refer that medical treatment focuses in the present symptoms. On the other hand, 90% of the doctors manifest to know the standards of the GOLD, but the time, volume of consultation and availability of institutional resources, as well as the low social, cultural and economic level of the affected population and its commitment, makes difficult its application. Conclusions. The study shows disadvantages in the patient's attention either by the shortage of resources, the small infrastructure, lack of prevention and promotion actions, or the characteristics of the Public Health System, as well as diminished accessibility to pulmonary rehabilitation programs. The development of educative activities is very limited in the provided plan of attention, there is no control of factors that influence in the health state of these people, and there are no actions that treat favorably the participation of social, productive and governmental actors that benefit the attention of these patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Outpatients , Therapeutics , Public Health , Surveys and Questionnaires , Health Services
20.
Rev. cienc. salud (Bogotá) ; 5(3): 7-23, dic. 2007. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-635910

ABSTRACT

Premisa: Si bien numerosos estudios prospectivos, controlados y aleatorizados han demostrado el éxito de la ventilación no invasiva con presión positiva (VNI) en casos seleccionados de insuficiencia respiratoria aguda (IRA) hipercápnica, en contexto con intensidad de cuidado diferente, los datos de práctica clínica relativos al uso de la VNI en escenarios reales son limitados. Objetivo: Reportar los resultados de nuestra experiencia clínica sobre la VNI en la IRA aplicada en la Unidad de Terapia Semiintensiva Respiratoria (UTSIR), de la Unidad Operativa de Neumología de Arezzo, entre 1996-2006, en términos de tolerabilidad, efectos sobre los gases arteriales, tasa de éxito y factores predictivos del fracaso. Métodos: Trescientos cincuenta de los 1.484 pacientes (23,6%) ingresados consecutivamente por IRA en nuestra Unidad Operativa de Neumología, durante el periodo de estudio, recibieronla VNI asociada a la terapia estándar, posterior al cumplimiento de criterios predefinidos, empleados de rutina. Resultados: Ocho pacientes (2,3%) no toleraron la VNI por incomodidad producida por la máscara, mientras los 342 restantes (M: 240; F: 102; edad: mediana [intercuartiles] 74,0 años [68,0-79,3]; enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) [69,3%]) fueron ventilados por más de una hora. Los parámetros de ventilación (y su efecto sobre el pH) y de oxigenación mejoraron significativamente después de dos horas de VNI (media [desviación estándar] pH: 7,33 [0,07] contra 7,28 [7,25-7,31 ], p < 0,0001; PaCO2: 71,4 mmHg [15,3] contra 80,8 mmHg [16,6], p < 0,0001; PaO2/FiO2: 205 [61] contra 183 [150-222 ], p < 0,0001). La VNI evitó la intubación en 285/342 pacientes (83,3%), con una mortalidad hospitalaria del 14,0%. El fracaso de la VNI resultó ser predicho de modo independiente por el puntaje acute physiology and chronic health evaluation III (Apache III), por el índice de masa corporal y por el fracaso tardío de la VNI (mayor a 48 horas de ventilación), después de una respuesta positiva inicial. Conclusiones: Según nuestra experiencia clínica de diez años en una UTSIR, la VNI confirma ser bien tolerada, eficaz en el mejoramiento de los gases arteriales y útil en evitar la intubación en muchos episodios de IRA que no responden a la terapia estándar.


Background Although several prospective controlled randomized trials demonstrated the success of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in selected cases of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (ARF) in setting with different care levels, clinical practice data about the use of VNI in the “real world” are limited. Aim To report the results of our clinical experience in NIPPV applied for ARF in the Respiratory Semi-Intensive Care Unit (UTSIR) allocated within the Respiratory Division of Arezzo between the years 1996- 2006 in terms of: patient tolerance, effects upon arterial blood gases, success rate and predictors of failure. Methods: Three hundred and filthy out of the 1484 patients (23.6%) consecutively admitted for ARF to our Respiratory Division during the study period received NIPPV in addition to standard therapy, according to the predetermined routinely used criteria. Results: Eight patients (2.3%) did not tolerate NIPPV because of mask discomfort, while the remaining 342 (M: 240, F: 102); median (interquartiles) age: 74.0 (68.0-79.3) yrs; COPD: 69.3%) were ventilated for >1 hour. Arterial blood gases significantly improved after two hours of NIPPV (mean (standard deviation) pH: 7.33 (0.07) versus 7.28 (7.25-7.31), p<0.0001; PaCO2: 71.4 (15.3) mmHg versus 80.8 (16.6) mmHg, p<0.0001; PaO2/FiO2: 205 (61) versus 183 (150-222), p<0.0001). NIPPV avoided intubation in 285/342 (83.3%) with a hospital mortality of 14.0%. NIPPV failure was independently predicted by the Apache III (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III) score, the body mass index and by the late failure of NIPPV (> 48 hrs of ventilation) after an initial positive response. Conclusions: As results of ten years of clinical experience at our UTSIR, NIPPV was shown to be well tolerated, effective in improving arterial blood gases and useful in avoiding intubation in most ARF episodes non-responsive to standard therapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Noninvasive Ventilation , Hospital Mortality , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Intubation, Intratracheal
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