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1.
Gastroenterol. hepatol. (Ed. impr.) ; 45(4): 265-273, Abr. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-204220

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La efectividad del tratamiento del virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) parece ser menor en usuarios de drogas por vía parenteral (UDVP). Analizamos la influencia de diversos factores como los trastornos psiquiátricos y la terapia de sustitución con opiáceos (TSO) en el tratamiento con antivirales de acción directa (AAD) de este colectivo.Pacientes y métodos: Trescientos treinta y dos pacientes UDVP fueron tratados con AAD en 12 hospitales de España entre 2004 y 2020. Se catalogaron, si se disponía del dato, en consumidores recientes y pasados (según si el último consumo fue en los últimos 3 años) y se recogieron diversas variables, evaluándose la efectividad del tratamiento según la carga viral 12 semanas tras la finalización del tratamiento con el parámetro «respuesta viral sostenida» (RVS12).Resultados: El 23,4% eran consumidores recientes y el 27,7% estaban en TSO. El 41,5% presentaban algún diagnóstico de enfermedad psiquiátrica. La RVS12 fue del 84,04%, ascendiendo al 96,21% al excluir del análisis a los pacientes que perdieron el seguimiento (12,7%). La RVS12 fue significativamente inferior debido a un aumento de la pérdida de seguimiento en consumidores recientes, aquellos en TSO, los que habían estado en prisión los últimos 5 años y pacientes naïve, así como en el trastorno de ansiedad generalizada y consumidores de benzodiacepinas.Conclusiones: La efectividad del tratamiento del VHC con AAD en UDVP es similar a la población general si se consigue un adecuado seguimiento. Es importante realizar un seguimiento más estrecho en pacientes en TSO, consumidores recientes y aquellos con enfermedad psiquiátrica.(AU)


Introduction: The effectiveness of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment seems to be lower in people who inject drugs (PWID). We analyze the influence of various factors as psychiatric disorders and opioid substitution therapy (OST) on the treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAA) in this collective.Patients and methods: Three hundred thirty-two PWID patients were treated with DAA in 12 Spanish hospitals between 2004 and 2020. They were catalogued in recent and former consumers (if the last consumption was in the last 3 years) and several variables were included, evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment according to the viral load 12 weeks after the end of the treatment with the parameter «sustained viral response» (SVR12).Results: 23.4% were recent consumers and 27.7% were on OST. The 41.5% had any diagnosis of psychiatric disorder. SVR12 was 84.04%, ascending to 96.21% when excluded from the analyses the patients lost to follow-up (12.7%). SVR12 was lower due to an increase in the loss to follow-up in recent consumers and other factors like OST, being in prison the last 5 years, naïve patients, generalized anxiety disorder and benzodiazepine consumption.Conclusions: The effectiveness of the HCV treatment with DAA in PWID is similar than in general population in patients whit an appropriate follow-up. It is important to maintain a closer follow-up in patients on OST, recent consumers and those with psychiatric disorders.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Antiviral Agents/adverse effects , Drug Users , Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy , Mental Disorders/drug therapy , Opiate Substitution Treatment , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology , Gastroenterology , Cohort Studies , Retrospective Studies
2.
Rev. med. cine ; 18(1): 11-14, ene.-mar. 2022.
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-210040

ABSTRACT

Indian Cinema fondly referred to as Bollywood, has remained the cultural barometer of the country while being a powerful medium of entertainment articulating contemporaneous societal and medical issues. Particularly, the portrayal of mental illnesses remains an interesting yet under-studied domain to-date. Initially projected as synonymous with madness or insanity, psychiatric conditions gradually metamorphosed to more rational screen reflection. This article analyses the portrayal of the mental illness in three Hindi feature films ( Omkara (2006), Haider (2014), Maqbool (2003) by Vishal Bhardwaj) that were based on the screen adaptations of Shakespearean Tragedy namely Othello, Hamlet and Macbeth, respectively. Through this phenomenological deliberation, we discuss how these movies in their own style and expressions have embodied mental illness in a hitherto unexplored way. Using extended case studies, we qualitatively investigated how the spectrum of mental illness was depicted; how these representations operated within cinematic narratives; whether the characters presented as an ideal; and, how the idea of the mental illness was an important construct for rendering structures comprehensible according to commonly held cultural understandings. Overall, we found, mental illness representations were characterized by a multi-dimensional morality; accompanied by gloomy structures with social chaos. Such adaptation of Shakespeare in the Indian context brings to light how mental illnesses is still perceived in India. (AU)


El cine indio, conocido cariñosamente (entrañablemente) como Bollywood, se ha mantenido como el barómetro cultural del país al mismo tiempo que es un poderoso medio de entretenimiento que articula problemas sociales y médicos contemporáneos. En particular, la descripción de las enfermedades mentales sigue siendo un dominio interesante pero poco estudiado hasta la fecha. Proyectadas inicialmente como sinónimo de locura o insania, las condiciones psiquiátricas se metamorfosearon gradualmente en un reflejo más tradicional en la pantalla. Este artículo analiza la representación de la enfermedad mental en tres largometrajes en hindi ( Omkara (2006), Haider (2014), Maqbool (2003) de Vishal Bhardwaj) que se basaron en las adaptaciones cinematográficas de Tragedias Shakespearianas a saber Otelo, Hamlet y Macbeth respectivamente. A través de esta deliberación fenomenológica, discutimos cómo estas películas en su propio estilo y expresiones han encarnado la enfermedad mental de una manera hasta ahora inexplorada. Utilizando estudios de casos ampliados, investigamos cualitativamente cómo se describía el espectro de las enfermedades mentales; cómo operaron estas representaciones dentro de las narrativas cinematográficas; si los personajes se presentan como un ideal; y cómo la idea de la enfermedad mental fue un constructo importante para hacer comprensibles las estructuras de acuerdo con los entendimientos culturales comúnmente sostenidos. En general, encontramos, que las representaciones de enfermedades mentales se caracterizaban por una moralidad multidimensional; acompañadas de estructuras lúgubres en un caos social. Tal adaptación de Shakespeare en el contexto indio pone de manifiesto cómo todavía se perciben las enfermedades mentales en la India. (AU)


Subject(s)
Motion Pictures , Mental Disorders , India , Mental Health , Medicine in the Arts
3.
Gastroenterol Hepatol ; 45(4): 265-273, 2022 Apr.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34543719

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The effectiveness of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment seems to be lower in people who inject drugs (PWID). We analyze the influence of various factors as psychiatric disorders and opioid substitution therapy (OST) on the treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAA) in this collective. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three hundred thirty-two PWID patients were treated with DAA in 12 Spanish hospitals between 2004 and 2020. They were catalogued in recent and former consumers (if the last consumption was in the last 3 years) and several variables were included, evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment according to the viral load 12 weeks after the end of the treatment with the parameter «sustained viral response¼ (SVR12). RESULTS: 23.4% were recent consumers and 27.7% were on OST. The 41.5% had any diagnosis of psychiatric disorder. SVR12 was 84.04%, ascending to 96.21% when excluded from the analyses the patients lost to follow-up (12.7%). SVR12 was lower due to an increase in the loss to follow-up in recent consumers and other factors like OST, being in prison the last 5 years, naïve patients, generalized anxiety disorder and benzodiazepine consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of the HCV treatment with DAA in PWID is similar than in general population in patients whit an appropriate follow-up. It is important to maintain a closer follow-up in patients on OST, recent consumers and those with psychiatric disorders.


Subject(s)
Drug Users , Hepatitis C, Chronic , Hepatitis C , Mental Disorders , Substance Abuse, Intravenous , Antiviral Agents/adverse effects , Hepatitis C/drug therapy , Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy , Humans , Mental Disorders/drug therapy , Opiate Substitution Treatment , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology
4.
rev. psicogente ; 23(44): 189-206, jul.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1361216

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: Según los estudios, la adolescencia es un periodo de alta vulnerabilidad para el desarrollo de psicopatologías y aparición de conductas suicidas, siendo cada vez más evidente su presencia y aumento, a menor edad. Objetivo: analizar la relación entre psicopatologías e ideación suicida en adolescentes escolarizados. Método: Estudio no experimental de tipo descriptivo correlacional y corte transversal, a partir del Inventario de Evaluación de Personalidad para Adolescentes y el Inventario de Ideación Suicida Positiva y Negativa, en una muestra de 249 adolescentes (134 mujeres y 115 hombres), con edades entre 12 y 17 años y escolaridad entre sexto y undécimo grado, seleccionados por muestreo estratificado. Resultados: Los análisis descriptivos y factoriales revelan mayor presencia de síntomas psicopatológicos como quejas somáticas y manía (12,4 %), esquizofrenia y trastornos de ansiedad (8,8 %), y depresión (7,6 %); así mismo, se reportó ideación suicida entre niveles medio y alto en un 48,5 % ; respecto a la correlación, el análisis factorial exploratorio arrojó dos factores: el primero, con las escalas esquizofrenia (0,76), ansiedad (0,67), trastornos relacionados con ansiedad (0,66), paranoia (0,65), somatización (0,60), rasgos límites (0,47), depresión (0,46) y manía (0,43), relacionaron con ideación suicida positiva (0,24); y el segundo, las escalas depresión (0,46) y rasgos límites (0,47), con ideación suicida negativa (0,79). Conclusiones: Si bien, se identificó la relación entre las psicopatologías reportadas y la ideación suicida, depresión y rasgos límites, correlacionan con pensamientos suicidas; las restantes, con déficit de factores protectores.


Abstract Introduction: According to studies, adolescence is a period of high vulnerability for the development of psychopathologies and the appearance of suicidal behavior, its presence and increase becoming increasingly evident at a younger age. Objective: Was to analyze the relationship between psychopathology and suicidal ideation in adolescents schooling. Method: Non-experimental study a correlational descriptive, from the Adolescent Personality Assessment Inventory and the Positive and Negative Suicidal Ideation Inventory. 249 adolescents, (134 women and 115 men), with ages between 12 and 17 years and schooling between the sixth and eleventh grade selected by stratified sampling. Results: Descriptive and factorial analyses reveal greater presence of psychopathological symptoms related to somatic complaints and mania (12,4 %), schizophrenia and anxiety-related disorders (8,8 %), and depression (7,6 %); suicide ideation was reported between medium and high levels in 48,5 % of participants. With respect to correlation, exploratory factorial analysis yields two factors: the first, includes schizophrenia scales (0,76), anxiety (0,67), anxiety-related disorders (0,66), paranoia (0,65), somatization (0,60), boundary traits (0,47), depression (0,46) and mania (0,43) and is related to positive suicidal ideation (0,24); and the second, includes depression scales (0,46) and limiting traits (0,47) and are associated with negative suicidal ideation (0,79). Conclusion: that while the psychopathologies evaluated are related to suicidal ideation, only the pathologies of depression and limiting traits correlate with suicidal thoughts, specifically, the others, are related to the deficiency of protective factors.

5.
Radiologia (Engl Ed) ; 60(5): 368-377, 2018.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29544987

ABSTRACT

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an advanced tool for the study of brain functions in healthy subjects and in neuropsychiatric patients. This tool makes it possible to identify and locate specific phenomena related to neuronal metabolism and activity. Starting with the detection of changes in the blood supply to a region that participates in a function, more complex approaches have been developed to study the dynamics of neuronal networks. Studies examining the brain at rest or involved in different tasks have provided evidence related to the onset, development, and/or response to treatment in various diseases. The diversity of the possible artifacts associated with image registration as well as the complexity of the analytical experimental designs has generated abundant debate about the technique behind fMRI. This article aims to introduce readers to the fundamentals underlying fMRI, to explain how fMRI studies are interpreted, and to discuss fMRI's contributions to the study of the mechanisms underlying diverse diseases of the nervous system.


Subject(s)
Brain Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Humans , Neurosciences/methods
6.
Rev. Kairós ; 20(4): 263-277, dez. 2017. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-908663

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma análise do estado da arte das publicações científicas brasileiras direcionadas à saúde mental do idoso. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática que seguiu as diretrizes do método PRISMA. Os descritores utilizados na busca foram: "saúde mental, idoso, Brasil", com seus correspondentes em inglês nas bases de dados: LILACS; MEDLINE; PubMed. Foram incluídos estudos publicados entre os anos de 2005 a 2015, realizados no Brasil cujo tema principal era a saúde mental de idosos. A triagem inicial resultou em 775 estudos; após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, 32 estudos foram analisados na íntegra. Deste total, 86% são estudos quantitativos; 36% publicados na língua inglesa; 36% foram realizados no estado de São Paulo. Quanto aos temas principais abordados, 43% dos estudos tiveram como tema principal a depressão no idoso; 21%, transtornos mentais; e 21%, questões relacionadas à cognição. Concluiu-se pela constatação de uma relativa escassez de estudos desenvolvidos nessa temática, diante do atual contexto de envelhecimento populacional do Brasil, sugerindo-se, portanto, a necessidade de pesquisas voltadas para a saúde mental do idoso.


The objective of the present study was to carry out an analysis of the state of the art of the Brazilian scientific publications directed to the mental health of the elderly. It is a systematic review that followed the guidelines of the PRISMA method. The descriptors used in the search were "mental health, elderly, Brazil" with their correspondents in English in the databases: LILACS; MEDLINE; PubMed. We included studies published between the years 2005 to 2015, carried out in Brazil, whose main theme was mental health of the elderly. Initial screening resulted in 775 studies, after application of the inclusion criteria 32 studies were analyzed in their entirety. Of this total, 86% are quantitative studies; 36% published in English; 36% were performed in the state of São Paulo. Regarding the main themes addressed, 43% focused on the depression of the elderly; 21% in mental disorder and 21% in cognition related issues. We conclude that there is a relative paucity of studies in this area in the context of the current context of aging in Brazil, suggesting the need for research on the mental health of the elderly.


El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar un análisis del estado del arte de las publicaciones científicas brasileñas dirigidas a la salud mental del anciano. Se trata de una revisión sistemática que siguió las directrices del método PRISMA. Los descriptores utilizados en la búsqueda fueron "salud mental, anciano, Brasil" con sus correspondientes en inglés en las bases de datos: LILACS; MEDLINE; PubMed. Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre los años 2005 a 2015, realizados en Brasil cuyo tema principal era salud mental de ancianos. La clasificación inicial resultó en 775 estudios, después de la aplicación de los criterios de inclusión 32 estudios se analizaron en su totalidad. De este total, el 86% son estudios cuantitativos; 36% publicados en la lengua inglesa; El 36% se realizaron en el estado de São Paulo. En cuanto a los temas principales abordados, el 43% se centró en la depresión del anciano; 21% en el trastorno mental y 21% cuestiones relacionadas con la cognición. Se concluye una relativa escasez de estudios desarrollados en esta temática frente al actual contexto de envejecimiento poblacional de Brasil, sugiriéndose por lo tanto la necesidad de investigaciones dirigidas a la salud mental del anciano.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Mental Health , Aged/psychology , Review Literature as Topic , Mental Disorders
7.
In. Buenos Aires (Provincia). Ministerio de Salud. Subsecretaría de Determinantes Sociales de la Salud y la Enfermedad Física, Mental y de las Adicciones. Congreso Provincial de Salud Mental y Adicciones (1er: 2017 may. 11-13). La Plata, Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud;Tandil. Municipalidad, 20170000. .
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-849376

ABSTRACT

El suicidio en la Provincia de Buenos Aires, al igual que en el resto del país, viene en aumento en los últimos años y continua siendo la segunda causa de muerte traumática en edades infanto juveniles. Se evaluaron prevalencia del intento de suicidio , principales causas, métodos, distribución en la provincia. Se tiene en cuenta las adicciones como desencadenantes del mismo en casi el 50% de los suicidios.(AU)


Subject(s)
Epidemiologic Studies , Adolescent
8.
Salud ment ; 40(1): 29-42, Jan.-Feb. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-846004

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background. People with a severe mental illness (SMI) are a highly vulnerable group for the transmission risk of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). They have a higher seroprevalence compared with the general population and their life expectancy is shorter than those of people without the disease. This narrative review describes individual factors or those inherent to a person’s characteristics and the sociocultural factors conditioning sexual behaviour and prevention norms. Objective. The purpose of this narrative review is to describe individual and sociocultural factors associated with the risk of HIV in people with a severe mental illness. Method. 82 empirical studies published between 1981 and 2015, addressing HIV transmission risk factors and sociocultural dimensions related to vulnerability were selected. Four indexes were used for this purpose: ISI Web of Knowledge, Redalyc, SciELO, and PUBMED; and four multidisciplinary electronic databases: Ebscohost Web, ProQuest, Sage Publications and ScienceDirect. Results. The analysis based on coding and systematic categorization shows that people with SMI are more vulnerable to risk than the general population, with differentials based on the severity of the disease symptomatology and economic and sociocultural characteristics associated with HIV-related risk practices. Discussion and conclusion. The need to design longitudinal studies with mixed methodology is proposed to attain a deeper understanding of the interaction of factors associated and processes conditioning risk. In this population group, structural preventive programs that take into account social and gender inequality must be implemented.


Resumen Antecedentes. Las personas con trastornos mentales graves (TMG) constituyen un grupo de alta vulnerabilidad al riesgo de transmisión del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Asimismo, presentan una mayor seroprevalencia en comparación con la población en general y su esperanza de vida es más corta que la de personas sin TMS. La presente revisión narrativa describe los factores individuales e inherentes a las características de estas personas y los factores socioculturales que condicionan los comportamientos sexuales y las normas de prevención. Objetivo. Describir los factores individuales y socioculturales asociados con el riesgo de infección del VIH en personas con trastornos mentales graves. Método. Se seleccionaron 82 estudios empíricos publicados entre 1981 y 2015 sobre los factores asociados al riesgo de transmisión del VIH y dimensiones socioculturales relacionadas con la vulnerabilidad. Se utilizaron cuatro índices: ISI Web of Knowledge, Redalyc, SciELO y PUBMED; y cuatro bases de datos electrónicas multidisciplinarias: Ebscohost Web, ProQuest, Sage Publications y ScienceDirect. Resultados. Un análisis basado en la codificación y categorización sistemática muestra que las personas con TMG son más vulnerables al riesgo que la población general, con diferenciales basados en la gravedad sintomatológica de la enfermedad y en las características económicas y socioculturales que se asocian con prácticas de riesgo. Discusión y conclusión. Se propone desarrollar estudios con un diseño longitudinal y metodología mixta para alcanzar una comprensión más profunda de la interacción de factores asociados y procesos que condicionan el riesgo. Los programas preventivos estructurales realizados con este grupo de personas deben considerar las desigualdades sociales y la inequidad de género.

10.
Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment ; 8(4): 207-17, 2015.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25435363

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: We used data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 to report on the burden of neuropsychiatric disorders in Spain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The summary measure of burden used in the study was the disability-adjusted life-year (DALY), which sums of the years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs) and the years lived with disability (YLDs). DALYs were adjusted for comorbidity and estimated with 95% uncertainty intervals. RESULTS: The burden of neuropsychiatric disorders accounted for 18.4% of total all-cause DALYs generated in Spain for 2010. Within this group, the top five leading causes of DALYs were: depressive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, migraine, substance-use disorders, and anxiety disorder, which accounted for 70.9% of all DALYs due to neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurological disorders represented 5.03% of total all cause YLLs, whereas mental and substance-use disorders accounted for 0.8%. Mental and substance-use disorders accounted for 22.4% of total YLDs, with depression being the most disabling disorder. Neurological disorders represented 8.3% of total YLDs. CONCLUSIONS: Neuropsychiatric disorders were one of the leading causes of disability in 2010. This finding contributes to our understanding of the burden of neuropsychiatric disorders in the Spanish population and highlights the importance of prioritising neuropsychiatric disorders in the Spanish public health system.


Subject(s)
Cost of Illness , Mental Disorders/mortality , Nervous System Diseases/mortality , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Mortality, Premature , Quality-Adjusted Life Years , Spain/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/mortality , Young Adult
11.
Rev. chil. ter. ocup ; 14(2): 13-26, dic. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-768989

ABSTRACT

Este estudio se pregunta por la relación entre enfermedad mental e incapacidad en el Chile republicano del siglo XIX. Para ello revisa las formas de administración de la locura, centrándose en la interdicción por demencia. Mediante la revisión en profundidad de expedientes judiciales de interdicción guardados en el Archivo Nacional Histórico, introduce a los contextos cotidianos que fueron ubicando a la locura como enfermedad y a esta como sustrato de incapacidad, en décadas de organización ciudadana y de institucionalización del conocimiento científico. El estudio identifica los pretextos y contextos que fueron marginando a ciudadanos, aparentemente problemáticos e improductivos, y revela que las dificultades para adscribirse a las condiciones de la vida urbana y acatar los principios económicos de la modernidad, representaron importantes conectores de las nociones de enfermedad e incapacidad.


This study explores the relationship between mental illness and incapacity in 19th century Chile. It examines the management of insanity by focusing on mental interdiction. Through the analysis of interdiction legal records kept at the Archivo Nacional Histórico, the paper introduces both the daily forces that influence the transformation of madness in an illness, and the use of disease as an explanatory frame of incapacity, in a period portrayed by the organization of citizenship and the institutionalization of scientific knowledge. The study identifies the excuses and the contexts that promoted the social exclusion of apparently difficult and unproductive citizens. Theses traces how that the problems to follow the challenges of urban life and to accept the economic principles of modernity, represented pivotal connect or sof the notions of disease and incapacity.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , Intellectual Disability , Mental Health , Social Marginalization , Chile , History, 19th Century
12.
Rev. Fac. Med. UNAM ; 57(3): 22-30, may.-jun. 2014. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-956992

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se presentan resultados que buscan caracterizar el panorama epidemiológico sobre la tendencia de la mortalidad derivada de enfermedades mentales, específicamente psicosis alcohólica, ocurrido en los últimos 30 años, en la República Mexicana.


Abstract Here we present the results that show the tendency in mortality due to mental disorders, specifically alcohol-related psychosis, in the last 30 years in Mexico.

13.
Rev. colomb. psiquiatr ; 43(1): 40-46, ene.-mar. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-715335

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Explicar en qué consiste y qué implicaciones tiene en psiquiatría la imaginería mental. Método: Se realiza una búsqueda narrativa de la literatura. Resultados: Hay múltiples términos con los cuales se nombra este fenómeno; se define como las representaciones que dan la experiencia de percepción en ausencia de un estímulo sensorial; pueden darse en cualquiera de sus modalidades y se relacionan con casi el mismo sustrato neurobiológico de las percepciones que la generaron. No hay una teoría unificada sobre su funcionamiento, pero posiblemente sea un fenómeno del funcionamiento cerebral que corresponda a la forma en que se manipula la información para atender a las exigencias del medio. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos indican implicaciones tanto en el funcionamiento cotidiano como la memoria y la simulación mental y en condiciones patológicas como el trastorno de estrés postraumático, las alucinaciones, enfermedades afectivas, entre otros.


Objective: To provide an explanation about what mental imagery is and some implications in psychiatry. Methods: This article is a narrative literature review. Results: There are many terms in which imagery representations are described in different fields of research. They are defined as perceptions in the absence of an external stimulus, and can be created in any sensory modality. Their neurophysiological substrate is almost the same as the one activated during sensory perception. There is no unified theory about its function, but it is possibly the way that our brain uses and manipulates the information to respond to the environment. Conclusions: Mental imagery is an everyday phenomenon, and when it occurs in specific patterns it can be a sign of mental disorders.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychiatry , Neurologic Manifestations , Neurophysiology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Brain , Absenteeism , Hallucinations , Literature , Mental Disorders
14.
Rev Colomb Psiquiatr ; 43(1): 40-6, 2014 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26573255

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To provide an explanation about what mental imagery is and some implications in psychiatry. METHODS: This article is a narrative literature review. RESULTS: There are many terms in which imagery representations are described in different fields of research. They are defined as perceptions in the absence of an external stimulus, and can be created in any sensory modality. Their neurophysiological substrate is almost the same as the one activated during sensory perception. There is no unified theory about its function, but it is possibly the way that our brain uses and manipulates the information to respond to the environment. CONCLUSIONS: Mental imagery is an everyday phenomenon, and when it occurs in specific patterns it can be a sign of mental disorders.

15.
Rev. medica electron ; 33(7)dic. 2011.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-51340

ABSTRACT

Con este trabajo pretendemos exponer una síntesis biográfica del Dr. Manuel González Echeverría, significado médico y epileptólogo del siglo XIX. Siguiendo su trayectoria en Cuba, Norte América y Europa, damos una idea de su quehacer profesional y el impacto de su saber en la época que le tocó vivir. Destacamos su participación en sesiones ordinarias de la Real Academia de Ciencias Médicas Físicas y Naturales de La Habana, así como su colaboración como miembro corresponsal de dicha academia. Se hace un breve comentario a su obra cumbre: Sobre la Epilepsia; anatomía patológica y notas clínicas, publicada en New York, en 1870. Se tiene en cuenta su contribución a la causa por la independencia de Cuba de la metrópolis española. El ilustre habanero, Dr. Manuel González Echeverría, fue una vida consagrada al estudio de las enfermedades mentales y nerviosas, insigne neuro-psiquiatra del siglo XIX, que navegó en ese gran lago que es la vida, con su anverso de gloria y su reverso de sufrimientos. A su memoria este elogio(AU)


With this work we pretend to expose a short biography of Dr. Manuel González Echeverría, significant physician and epileptologist of the XIX century. Following his itinerary in Cuba, North America and Europe we give an idea of his professional work and the impact of his knowledge in the epoch he lived. We draw attention to his participation in the ordinary sessions of the Royal Academy of the Medical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Havana, and also to his collaborations as correspondent member of the academy. We make a short commentary to his most important work: On the epilepsy; pathologic anatomy and clinical notes, published in New York, in 1870. We take into account his contribution to the cause of the Cuban independence from Spain. The illustrious Havana citizen, Dr. Manuel González Echeverría, was a life devoted to the study of the mental and nervous diseases, prestigious neurosurgeon of the XIX century, who sailed in that great lake that life is, with its obverse of glory and its reverse of suffering. This tribute to his memory(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , History, 19th Century , Biographies as Topic , Neurology/history , History of Medicine , Cuba
16.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-56154

ABSTRACT

Se realiza un resumen del contexto histórico en el que se ha desarrollado el pensamiento científico de la región, desde sus raíces en la contribución de grandes pensadores, filósofos, literatos etc. Se enumeran las principales contribuciones del área a la CIE y su participación, cada vez más protagónica en la elaboración de sus diferentes versiones.Se destaca el desarrollo de grandes proyectos nacionales e internacionales, a partir de las contribuciones de grupos de colegas que actuaron independientemente, y el nacimiento de una escuela nosográfica y taxonómica latinoamericana a partir de la creación, a partir de 1971 de los Glosarios Cubanos de Psiquiatría y de la Guía Latinoamericana de Diagnóstico Psiquiátrico en el 2004. El autor trata con especial énfasis, las características, estado actual y perspectivas de los glosarios latinoamericanos, en el contexto del acontecer taxonómico actual(AU)


A review of the historical context in which the scientific knowledge has been developed in the region from its genesis in the contribution of great intellectuals, philosophers, literates , etc. The main contributions of the area to the Disease International Classification and its each time more important participation in the elaboration of its diferent versions.The development of great foreign and domestic projects are standed out since the contributions of colleagues that worked individually and to the begining of a Latinamerican taxonomic and nosographic school since the creation of the Psychiatry Cuban Glossaries and theLatinamerican Guide of Psychiatric Diagnoses in 2004.The author refers with special emphasis the characteristics, actual conditons and perspectives of the Latinamerican glosaries, in the up date taxonomic fact(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Classification/methods , Dictionaries as Topic , Psychiatry/education
17.
Rev. latinoam. psicopatol. fundam ; 12(1): 161-166, mar. 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-516020

ABSTRACT

No artigo de 1920 intitulado "Die Erscheinungsformen des Irreseins", publicado já na maturidade teórica de Kraepelin, o grande autor alemão propõe uma releitura de suas concepções sobre a psicopatologia, considerando que as manifestações clínicas das doenças mentais não são jamais expressão direta dos processos mórbidos subjacentes. Elas dependem de uma complexa interação com o sujeito e sua história, no qual tal alteração se instala e inscreve.


Dans l'article de 1920, intitule "Die Erscheinungsformen des Irreseins", publié à la maturité théorique de Kraepelin, le grand auteur allemand propose une relecture de ses propres conceptions sur la psychopathologie, selon laquelle il considère que les manifestations cliniques ne constituent jamais l'expression directe des processus morbides sous-jacents. Elles dépendend d'une intéraction complexe avec le sujet et son histoire, dans laquelle cette alteration s'installe et s'inscrit.


In an article of 1920 entitled "Die Erscheinungsformen des Irreseins," published in Kraepelin's phase of theoretical maturity, this great German scholar presented a re-reading of his thinking on psychopathology, considering that clinical manifestations of mental diseases are never direct expressions of underlying pathogenic processes. Manifestations depend on a complex interaction with the subject in his or her history during which changes have been installed and inscribed.


Subject(s)
Disease/psychology , Psychopathology , Mental Health
18.
Comunidad salud ; 5(1): 21-29, jun. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-690852

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio sobre la prevalencia de las enfermedades mentales en los municipios Girardot y José Félix Ribas del Estado Aragua para el año 2005. Para esto se utilizo la frecuencia de estas patologías en ambos municipios, tomando como población de estudio los usuarios que consultan por primera vez para el año 2005 en los establecimientos que prestan atención psiquiátrica residentes en los municipios referidos. La información se recolecta a través de la totalidad de las historias clínicas que existen en los departamentos de registros médicos de cada uno de estos establecimientos, determinando así el diagnóstico, según la Codificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE 10); el sexo, y la edad. Los resultados obtenidos establecen que las enfermedades mentales tienen una prevalencia de 69,50 por 10.000 habitantes para el municipio Girardot, teniendo los trastornos depresivos (F32) 15,94 por 10.000 habitantes y otros trastornos de ansiedad (F41) 12,21 por 10.000 habitantes. Para el municipio Ribas se obtiene 50,75 por 10.000 habitantes, donde la esquizofrenia (F20) tiene 12,90 por 10.000 habitantes y trastornos depresivos (F32) 12,12 por 10.000 habitantes. Según el sexo se obtiene una prevalencia de 44,46 por 10.000 habitantes, en mujeres para el municipio Girardot y 38,37 para el municipio Ribas. Las enfermedades mentales son más prevalentes en mayores de 25 años para ambos municipios. Es necesario resaltar la importancia que tienen este tipo de investigación para tener un amplio conocimiento en el área, pues como afirma la Organización Mundial de la Salud, para el año 2.020 las enfermedades mentales ocuparán cinco de las primeras 10 causas de morbilidad a nivel mundial, sin embargo en el estado Aragua no existen antecedentes publicados sobre este tipo de estudios.


A research on the prevalence of mental diseases during 2005 in Girardot and José Felix Ribas Municipalities, Aragua State was performed. For its determination, the frequency of these pathologies was assessed using as population in the survey, the patients attending for the first time the psychiatric consultation in the refered Municipalities Health Services, and living within the district. Information was collected from the totality of clinical records in the Departament of Medical Registration in each one of the clinics, as to assess the diagnosis according to the International Diseases Codification. (IDC 10). Sex and age were also codified. Results showed that mental diseases have a prevalence of 69.50 per 10.000 inhabitants in Girardot municipality on which depressive disturbances (F32)were 15.94 per 10.000 inhabitants and other anxiety disturbances (F 41), were 12.21 per 10.000 inhabitants. As for Ribas Municipality concern, the general figure was 50.75 per 10.000 where schizophrenia (F 20) shower a 12.90 per 10.000 and depressive disturbances (F 32), 12.12 per 10.000. According to sex, a prevalence of 44.46 per 10.000 was assessed in female patients in Girardot and 38.37 per 10.000 in Ribas Municipality. Mental illness shows a higher prevalence in population above 25 years in both Municipalities. It is useful to underline of this type of research as a tool for the knowledge on pathologies which according to WHO, will occupy by the year 2.020, 5 of the 10 highest morbidity causes in the world. Nevertheless, information concerning these diseases is practically absent as far as published information in Aragua State concerns.

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