[The use of the microbial and entomological data for the diagnostics of prescription of death coming]. / Ispol'zovanie mikrobno-éntomologicheskikh dannykh dlia ustanovleniia davnosti nastupleniia smerti.

The objective of the present study was to demonstrate the possibility of the diagnostics of prescription of death coming (PDC) based on the results of the studies with the application of the entomological and microbiological methods. The entomological materials included larvae of two dipteran species Stearibia nigriceps (Piophilidae) and Fannia vesparia (Fanniidae) collected from bone tissue fragments and the bony bed. The detailed investigation of the succession of necrophilic insects taking place in the course of decomposition of organic matter and the development of the preimaginal stages of the dipterans made it possible to determine the duration of the period during which the corpse remained in the ambient environment. The microbiological studies made it possible to determine the composition of necrobiome of the bone remains. It included, among other things, the association of soil bacterial forms belonging to the orders Actinomycetales, Pseudomonadales, and Aeromonadales in the combination with the fungi of the order Endomycetales. The enteral microorganisms that trigger putrefaction at the early stages of corpse decomposition were totally absent in the remains that hosted soil microorganisms destroying the hard tissues. The predominance of Actinobacteria in the samples of bone remains gave evidence of active disintegration of the skeletal tissues by the bacterial species inhabiting the local soil milieu. The study demonstrated that the results of the analysis of the microbial constituent of the washouts from the surfaces of the skull and the left upper arm bone of the human corpse were consistent with the conclusion about the prescription of death coming based on the entomological data. It is agued that the development of the methods for the diagnostics of prescription of death coming, including those to be used for the examination of the skeletonized corpses, based on the results of the entomological and microbiological investigations has good prospects as an area of research in the field of forensic medicine.

Entomological investigations of dengue vectors in epidemic-prone districts of Pakistan during 2006–2010.

Intensive entomological investigations were carried out in seven dengue epidemic-prone districts of Pakistan, classifying them into three geographical regions, viz. southern, central and northern Pakistan. A total of 5132 water habitats from 2136 households in and around dengue-positive houses were sampled. Additionally, 264 samples each at least 30 metres away from dengue-positive houses were also collected from outdoor habitats. Only indoor samples data were used for the estimation of entomological indices. House Index, Container Index and Breteau Index were estimated at 39.42%, 27.96% and 67.20 respectively. Underground water tanks showed the highest (42.38%) positivity, followed by earthen pots (36.97%), drums (33.38%) and the least (4.58%) from discarded containers. From outdoor sites, only 5.05% (n=14) samples were found positive. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus species exhibited a distinct association with different geographical regions. In the south of the country only Ae. aegypti was recorded in all (n=452) positive habitats while in the central part, both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were reported from 88.2% (n=253) and 11.8% (n=34) of the total 287 positive habitats respectively. In the north/submountainous region, 88.45% (n=628) of 710 positive samples were found infested with Ae. albopictus. Both species showed a significant population-rising trend from September to November, similar to the dengue case-load trend.