Evaluation of the water quality monitoring network layout based on driving-pressure-state-response framework and entropy weight TOPSIS model: A case study of Liao River, China.

The establishment of river water quality monitoring network is crucial for watershed protection. However, the evaluation process of monitoring network layout involves significant subjectivity and has not yet to form a complete indicator system. This study constructed an indicator system based on the DPSR (Driving-Pressure-State-Response) framework in the Liao River Basin, China. SWAT model and ArcGIS were used to quantify the indicators. And the entropy weight-TOPSIS method was employed to rank monitoring points. The results showed that pressure and state indicators had a greater impact on the network layout, with the indicator for proportion of land use in residential areas carrying the largest weight of 0.136. It suggested that the risk of river pollution remained high, and the governance strategies needed to be improved. Priority monitoring points were mainly located in the east and middle of the basin, consistent with the distribution of human activities such as urban areas and farmland. In addition, the redundancy of points should be avoided, and evaluation results should be adjusted based on the actual situation. The study provided an evaluation method for the layout of monitoring points.

Online health community-An empirical analysis based on grounded theory and entropy weight TOPSIS method to evaluate the service quality.

Introduction: With the enhancement of people's health awareness and the impact of the coronavirus pandemic in recent years, people's demand for online health information continues to expand, and online health communities (OHCs) have developed rapidly. However, the service quality of OHCs is uneven, and problems such as content quality, privacy disclosure are increasingly prominent. It's of great significance to establish normalized OHC service quality evaluation standards and develop effective evaluation tools and methods for the improvement of OHC service quality. Material and Methods: Based on the grounded theory, the raw materials obtained from semi-structured interviews were coded in three stages to construct a service quality evaluation system for OHC. Through empirical analysis, the rationality and effectiveness of the evaluation system were verified. Then six representative Chinese OHCs were selected and their service quality was evaluated by the entropy weight TOPSIS method. Results: The service quality evaluation system of OHC was constructed which includes 4 first-level indicators and 16 second-level indicators. The weights of the first-level indicators from large to small are content quality, emotional experience quality, interaction quality and function quality. Among the second-level indicator weights, the top three are perceived cost reasonableness, content professionalism and effectiveness of interactive content. Conclusions: The indicator system is reasonable and effective and the evaluation method has strong applicability and operability. This study will provide theoretical guidance for community platform operators and relevant departments to design effective evaluation mechanism of OHC service quality, offering a reference for decisions and policymakers.

Geopolitical Risk Evolution and Obstacle Factors of Countries along the Belt and Road and Its Types Classification.

As a great practice of building a community of shared future for mankind, the Belt and Road Initiative is facing geopolitical risk brought by great power games, regional conflicts and terrorism. It is an important mission of geopolitical research to scientifically deal with the geopolitical risk along the Belt and Road. This study systematically constructs the geopolitical risk assessment index system and analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution, obstacle factors and risk types of geopolitical risk of countries along the Belt and Road by using the entropy weight TOPSIS model, obstacle degree model and minimum variance method. The research results showed that: (1) From 2005 to 2020, the polarization of geopolitical risk in countries along the Belt and Road was very significant, and the overall trend of geopolitical risk tended to deteriorate. (2) The Middle East and Eastern Europe were the most important geopolitical risk zones along the Belt and Road, and Afghanistan, Iraq, Russia and Ukraine were the main high geopolitical risk centers, with significant risk spillover effects from these centers. (3) Terrorism and close relations with the United States were the most important obstacle factors for geopolitical risk in countries along the Belt and Road, and military intervention politics, trade dependence degree and foreign debt burden were important obstacle factors for geopolitical risk in countries along the Belt and Road. (4) Geopolitical risk along the Belt and Road can be divided into sovereign risk dominant type, sovereign and military risk dominant type, sovereign and major power intervention risk dominant type, and sovereign and military and major power intervention risk jointly dominated type, among which sovereign and military and major power intervention risk jointly dominated type was the most important geopolitical risk type. In order to scientifically deal with geopolitical risk in countries along the Belt and Road, it is necessary to strengthen geopolitical risk awareness, pay attention to the dominant geopolitical risk factors, strengthen the control of regional geopolitical risk spillover and formulate reasonable risk prevention and control scheme based on geopolitical risk types.

Comprehensive evaluation of the quality of Eriobotrya japonica leaves from different producing areas based on entropy weight TOPSIS method / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To comprehensively evaluate the quality of Eriobotrya japonica leaves from different producing areas. METHODS The contents of alcohol-soluble extracts were determined by hot-dipping method using 30 batches of E. japonica leaves from different producing areas as samples. The contents of total flavonoids and total triterpene acids were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The contents of five kinds of triterpenic acids （euscaphic acid，crataegolic acid，corosolic acid，oleanolic acid and ursolic acid） were determined by HPLC. The quality of E. japonica leaves from different producing areas was comprehensively evaluated by using entropy weight technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution （TOPSIS）. The bivariate correlation analysis of E. japonica leaves was conducted by SPSS 22.0 software in terms of weight， comprehensive evaluation value， the content of alcohol-soluble extract， the contents of total flavonoids， total triterpene acids and five triterpenic acids. RESULTS The contents of alcohol-soluble extract in 30 batches of E. japonica leaves were （24.56±0.08）%-（34.85±0.13）%； the contents of total flavonoids were （4.69±0.11）-（14.23±0.27） mg/g； the contents of total triterpene acid were （27.58±0.59）- （63.95±1.27） mg/g； the contents of euscaphic acid， crataegolic acid， corosolic acid， oleanolic acid and ursolic acid were （0.728± 0.011）-（6.064±0.063）， （0.526±0.013）-（3.245±0.022）， （1.222±0.025）-（8.807±0.094）， （0.856±0.021）-（2.931±0.075）， （4.704±0.087）-（11.806±0.283） mg/g， respectively. The analysis result of entropy weight TOPSIS method showed that the top three samples with comprehensive evaluation values （No.Kjcx-5） were S14 （Huotian Town， Yunxiao County， Zhangzhou，Fujian）， S19 （Qinnan District， Qinzhou， Guangxi） and S29 （Guoyang County， Bozhou， Anhui）. Comprehensive evaluation 0596-2559522。E-mail：jxrcwxp@163.com of E. japonica leaves was positively correlated with the contents of five kinds of triterpenic acids， such as euscaphic acid， crataegolic acid， corosolic acid， oleanolic acid and ursolic acid （P＜0.01）. The weight of E. japonica leaves was positively correlated with the comprehensive evaluation value （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS The qualities of E. japonica leaves from different producing areas are very different. Among them， the qualities of E. japonica leaves from Huotian Town， Yunxiao County， Zhangzhou of Fujian， Qinzhou Qinnan District of Guangxi， and Bozhou Guoyang County of Anhui are relatively better. The weight of E. japonica leaves is positively correlated with their quality.

[Analysis and evaluation of dynamic accumulation of multiple active constituents in Taxilli Herba in Guangxi].

A method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometry(UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of 33 active constituents, including flavonoids, organic acids, nucleosides, and amino acids in Taxilli Herba to analyze and evaluate the dynamic accumulation of their multiple active constituents. The separation was performed at 30 ℃ on an XBridge~® C_(18) column(4.6 mm×100 mm, 3.5 µm) with gradient elution using 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution-methanol as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL·min~(-1), and the injection volume was 2 µL. The constituents were ionized in the electrospray ionization source(ESI) and quantitated by the multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) mode. The entropy weight TOPSIS method was used to objectively assign weights to the target constituents and rank them according to their relative closeness coefficient(C_i) to construct a multi-index comprehensive evaluation model of Taxilli Herba. The results showed that the concentrations and peak areas of 33 target constituents had good linearity in their respective linear ranges, and the correlation coefficients(r) were not less than 0.999 0. The RSD of precision, reproducibility, and stability were not higher than 4.7%. The average recoveries were 98.03%-101.3% with RSD less than 4.0%. There were differences in the content of 33 active constituents in Taxilli Herba at different harvest periods. The overall quality of Taxilli Herba harvested from mid-February to early March was better, which was consistent with the traditional harvest period. This study provides basic information for revealing the rule of dynamic accumulation of multiple active constituents in Taxilli Herba and determining the suitable harvesting period. Meanwhile, it also provides a new methodological reference for the comprehensive evaluation of the intrinsic quality of Taxilli Herba.

Spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of urban resilience efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China.

Urban resilience efficiency is an important indicator to explore the relationship between resource consumption and urban resilience, shedding new light on the study of urban sustainable development. Based on the panel data of 2008, 2012, and 2017, this paper makes a spatiotemporal assessment on the urban resilience efficiency of 126 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) in China by applying an entropy weight-TOPSIS method and a slack-based measure (SBM) model. Combined with the analysis of a geographically weighted regression model (GWR), the influencing factors on resilience efficiency are also investigated. The results show that both the resource consumption index (RC, inputs) and the urban resilience index (UR, outputs) presented a steady upward trend, and their spatial distribution characteristics were similar, showing a gradual decrease from the eastern coastal cities to the central and western inland cities. Derived from inputs and outputs, the mean values of resilience efficiency index (RE) in three periods were 0.3149, 0.2906, and 0.1625, respectively, revealing that there had been a noticeable decline. Spatially, its spatial distribution has evolved from a relatively balanced pattern to an unbalanced one, showing a gradual decrease from west to east. The results of the GWR model analysis indicate that the total electricity consumption and area of construction land had a considerable correlation with the overall urban resilience of the YREB. Furthermore, total quantity of water supply and science and technology (S&T) expenditure continued to be the main driving factors on urban resilience of the upstream cities. The midstream regions mainly depended on the scale of construction land, and the influencing factors are relatively single. The influencing factors in the downstream areas have changed from dominance of resources and capital factors to the single dominance of resource factors, and total electricity consumption had a strong explanatory power. Based on these findings, we had put forward the overall and local regional policy implications.

Comprehensive evaluation of the quality of Amomum tsao -ko based on entropy weight TOPSIS method / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of Amomum tsao -ko from different origins and harvesting periods comprehensively. METHODS The contents of total volatile oil in A. tsao -ko were determined by volatile oil measurement method A stated in 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （part Ⅳ）；the contents of total flavonoids and total polyphenols in A. tsao -ko were determined by aluminum nitrate-sodium nitrite colorimetry and folin-ciocalteu method. The contents of α-pinene，β-pinene， 1，8-cineole，α-terpineol，geraniol and trans-nerolidol in the volatile oil of A. tsao -ko were determined by gas chromatography ；the contents of protocatechuate and vanillic acid in A. tsao -ko were determined by ulta high performance liquid chromatography. The above 11 indicators were selected ，and entropy weight TOPSIS method was used to comprehensively evaluate the quality of 16 batches of A. tsao -ko. RESULTS The contents of total volatile oil ，total flavonoids ，total polyphenols ，α-pinene，β-pinene， 1，8-cineole，α-terpineol，geraniol，trans-nerolidol，protocatechuate and vanillic acid in 16 batches of A. tsao -ko were 15.833 3- 28.000 0 μL/g，29.100 5-78.199 6 mg/g，6.789 8-35.797 7 mg/g，0.088 7-0.401 3 mg/g，0.106 3-0.408 0 mg/g，3.709 6-8.533 1 mg/g，0.259 8-0.599 6 mg/g，0.314 8-1.324 1 mg/g，0.272 3-0.576 4 mg/g，9.301 2-19.818 5 μg/g，8.180 9-27.666 3 μg/g， respectively. Entropy weight TOPSIS results showed that the top three of relative closeness rankings were A. tsao -ko produced by Yunnan Baoshan in July ，Yunnan Honghe in October ，Yunnan Wenshan in September ；the last three of relative closeness rankings were A. tsao -ko produced by Yunnan Dehong in September ，Yunnan Dehong in November ，Yunnan Dehong in December. CONCLUSIONS A. tsao -ko produced by Yunnan Baoshan in July ，Yunnan Honghe in October and Yunnan Wenshan in September present better quality.

DRG medical service performance evaluation based on entropy weight TOPSIS and rank sum ratio method / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To evaluate medical service performance of the DRG pilot public hospitals in a city was carried out by using the entropy weight TOPSIS and the rank sum ratio method, so as to provid the decision-making basis for the DRG pilot reform and the high-quality development of public hospitals.Methods:The case-mix index(CMI) value, the number of DRG groups, the time consumption index, the cost consumption index, and the low-risk mortality rate were obtained from the first page of medical records of 21 DRG pilot hospitals in a city from January 2019 to December 2020.The entropy weight TOPSIS method and the rank sum ratio method were used to evaluate the medical services performance of 21 DRG pilot hospitals.Results:The CMI value and the number of DRG groups in 21 DRG pilot hospitals increased from 0.81 and 353 in 2019 to 0.86 and 369 in 2020 respectively, and the time consumption index decreased from 0.98 to 0.92. The entropy weight TOPSIS method and the rank sum ratio method had good consistency and correlation with the hospital performance evaluation results from 2019 to 2020 ( P<0.05). The overall ranking of the performance evaluation of pilot hospitals in 2020 was higher than that in 2019, the tertiary hospitals were higher than secondary hospitals, and hospitals were higher than maternal and child health care hospitals. Conclusions:The DRG payment reform had promoted the quality and efficiency of medical services in the city.