ABSTRACT
Introducción: Los mapas microbiológicos se consideran un marcador epidemiológico pues resumen estadísticamente las bacterias circulantes y su comportamiento frente a los antibióticos en uso. Permiten establecer una política de antibióticos que garantiza el uso más racional de los antimicrobianos y disminuye el riesgo de resistencia bacteriana. Objetivos: Identificar las bacterias aisladas con mayor frecuencia a partir de cultivos microbiológicos de pacientes hospitalizados en el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología durante el año 2020 y determinar la resistencia de las bacterias más frecuentes a los antimicrobianos ensayados, con vista a establecer el primer mapa microbiológico de la institución. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal que incluyó los cultivos de pacientes hospitalizados durante el año 2020. La identificación bacteriana se realizó según métodos convencionales y para determinar los perfiles de resistencia se empleó el método de Bauer-Kirby. Resultados: El hemocultivo fue el estudio microbiológico más indicado con una positividad de 32,80 por ciento. Predominaron las bacterias Gram negativas (81,71 por ciento), siendo las más identificadas Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp. y Escherichia coli. Entre las bacterias Gram positivas predominó Staphylococcus spp. coagulasa negativa. Se obtuvieron elevados porcentajes de resistencia frente a casi todos los antimicrobianos evaluados. Conclusiones: La realización del mapa microbiológico de la institución permite actualizar la política de uso de los antimicrobianos al identificar a los bacilos Gram negativos, con elevados porcentajes de resistencia, como los principales agentes etiológicos de las infecciones registradas en este centro de salud durante el año 2020(AU)
Introduction: Microbiological maps are considered an epidemiological marker as statistically summarize circulating bacteria and their behavior against antibiotics in use. They allow establishing an antibiotic policy that guarantees the most rational use of antimicrobials and decreases the risk of bacterial resistance. Objectives: Identify the isolated bacteria with more frequency from microbiological crops of hospitalized patients in the Institute of Hematology and Immunology during the year 2020 and determine the resistance of the most frequent bacteria to the antimicrobials tested, with a view to establishing the first microbiological map of the institution. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed that included cultures of patients hospitalized during the year 2020. Bacterial identification was carried out according to conventional methods and to determine the resistance profiles was used by the Bauer-Kirby method. Results: The blood culture was the most indicated microbiological study with 32.80 percent positivity. The Gram negative bacteria predominated (81.71percent), being the most identified Pseudomona spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli. Among the Gram positive bacteria predominate Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negative. High percentages of resistance were obtained in front of almost all antimicrobials evaluated. Conclusions: The completion of the institutional microbiological map allows updating the antimicrobial use policy by identifying the Gram negative bacilli, with high percentages of resistance, as the main etiological agents of the infections registered in this health center during 2020(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Centers , Allergy and Immunology , Gram-Negative Bacteria , Hematology , Anti-Infective AgentsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Feline cryptosporidiosis is an increasing problem, especially in catteries. In humans, close contact with cats could be a potential source of infection although the risk of contracting cryptosporidiosis caused by Cryptosporidium felis is considered to be relatively low. Sequencing of the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene is a commonly used tool for investigation of the genetic diversity and transmission dynamics of Cryptosporidium species. However, until now the sequence of gp60 from C. felis has not been available and genotyping has been limited to less discriminatory markers, such as 18S rRNA, COWP and HSP70. METHODS: We have identified the gp60 orthologue within the genome sequence of C. felis, and used the sequence to design a nested PCR for subtyping purposes. A total of 128 clinical isolates of both feline and human origin, were used to evaluate the marker. RESULTS: Sequence analysis revealed large variations between the different samples. The C. felis gp60 lack the characteristic serine-tract found in many other cryptosporidian orthologues, instead it has an insertion of variable length (361-742 nt). Also, two cases of suspected zoonotic transmission of C. felis between cats and humans were successfully confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: We have identified the gp60 gene in C. felis and show how this highly variable marker can be used in epidemiological investigations.
