ABSTRACT
In this study, we studied the solubility and permeability of matrine, oxymatrine, sophoridine, and oxysophocarpine, four alkaloids in the Mongolian herbal medicine Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, and evaluated the absorption mechanism with the Caco-2 cell model, so as to provide a basis for the new drug development and efficacy evaluation of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix. The results showed that all the four alkaloids had high solubility and high permeability and can be well absorbed, belonging to the class-I drugs of Biopharmaceutical Classification System(BCS). The absorption(APâBL) and excretion(BLâAP) of matrine and oxymatrine were not affected by the concentration while the absorption depended on P-gp protein. The absorption(APâBL) and excretion(BLâAP) of sophoridine and oxysophocarpine were positively related to the concentration and time, and the absorption process was independent from P-gp protein. The results provide scientific reference and an experimental basis for the development of Mongolian medical prescriptions containing Sophorae Flavescentis Radix.
Subject(s)
Alkaloids , Biological Products , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Sophora , Caco-2 Cells , Herbal Medicine , HumansABSTRACT
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Hanchuan Zupa Granule (HCZP), a traditional Chinese ethnodrug, has the functions of supressing a cough, resolving phlegm, warming the lungs, and relieving asthma. In clinical practice employing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), HCZP is commonly used to treat acute colds, cough and abnormal mucous asthma caused by a cold, or "Nai-Zi-Lai" in the Uygur language. Studies have confirmed the use of HCZP to treat cough variant asthma (CVA) and other respiratory diseases. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of HCZP remain unrevealed. AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the anti-tussive and anti-asthmatic effects and the possible pharmacological mechanisms of HCZP in the treatment of CVA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A guinea pig CVA animal model was established by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) combined with intraperitoneal injection of aluminium hydroxide adjuvant and atomized OVA. Meanwhile, guinea pigs with CVA received oral HCZP (at dosages of 0.571, 0.285 and 0.143 g/kg bodyweight). The number of coughs induced by aerosol capsaicin was recorded, and the airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) of CVA guinea pigs was detected with the FinePointe series RC system. H&E staining of lung tissues was performed to observe pathological changes. ELISA was used to detect inflammatory cytokines. qRT-PCR and western blotting analyses were used to detect the expression of Th1-specific transcription factor (T-bet), Th2-specific transcription factor (GATA3), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signal transduction elements. These methods were performed to assess the protective effects and the potential mechanisms of HCZP on CVA. RESULTS: Great changes were found in the CVA guinea pig model after HCZP treatment. The number of coughs induced by capsaicin in guinea pigs decreased, the body weights of guinea pigs increased, and inflammation of the eosinophilic airway and AHR were reduced simultaneously. These results indicate that HCZP has a significant protective effect on CVA. A pharmacological study of HCZP showed that the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum decreased. The amount of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) increased, mRNA and protein expression of TLR4 and GATA3 weakened, and mRNA and protein expression of T-bet increased. CONCLUSIONS: HCZP ameliorated the symptoms of guinea pigs with CVA induced by OVA by regulating the Th1/Th2 imbalance and TLR4 receptors.
Subject(s)
Anti-Asthmatic Agents/pharmacology , Antitussive Agents/pharmacology , Asthma/drug therapy , Cough/drug therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Animals , Anti-Asthmatic Agents/therapeutic use , Antitussive Agents/therapeutic use , Asthma/chemically induced , Body Weight/drug effects , Capsaicin/toxicity , Cough/chemically induced , Cytokines/blood , Disease Models, Animal , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Flavonoids/chemistry , GATA3 Transcription Factor/genetics , GATA3 Transcription Factor/metabolism , Glycyrrhizic Acid/chemistry , Guinea Pigs , Lung/drug effects , Lung/metabolism , Lung/pathology , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Ovalbumin/toxicity , Respiratory Hypersensitivity/chemically induced , Respiratory Hypersensitivity/drug therapy , T-Box Domain Proteins/genetics , T-Box Domain Proteins/metabolism , Th1 Cells/drug effects , Th2 Cells/drug effects , Toll-Like Receptor 4/genetics , Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism , Triterpenes/chemistryABSTRACT
In this study, we studied the solubility and permeability of matrine, oxymatrine, sophoridine, and oxysophocarpine, four alkaloids in the Mongolian herbal medicine Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, and evaluated the absorption mechanism with the Caco-2 cell model, so as to provide a basis for the new drug development and efficacy evaluation of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix. The results showed that all the four alkaloids had high solubility and high permeability and can be well absorbed, belonging to the class-I drugs of Biopharmaceutical Classification System(BCS). The absorption(AP→BL) and excretion(BL→AP) of matrine and oxymatrine were not affected by the concentration while the absorption depended on P-gp protein. The absorption(AP→BL) and excretion(BL→AP) of sophoridine and oxysophocarpine were positively related to the concentration and time, and the absorption process was independent from P-gp protein. The results provide scientific reference and an experimental basis for the development of Mongolian medical prescriptions containing Sophorae Flavescentis Radix.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alkaloids , Biological Products , Caco-2 Cells , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Herbal Medicine , SophoraABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To apply DNA barcoding coupled with high resolution melting analysis to distinguish Gentiana rhodantha from its adulterants. METHODS: The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) barcode was selected for HRM analysis to produce standard melting profile of the selected species. RESULTS: The ITS2 molecular regions coupled with HRM analysis can effectively differentiate five herbal species, including two Gentiana rhodantha and their four common adulterants. CONCLUSION: DNA barcoding coupled with HRM analysis is a accurate, reliable, rapid, cost-effective and robust tool, which may contribute to the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine in the natural health product industry.
ABSTRACT
Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease, belonging to the "Arthromyodynia (Bi Zheng)" category in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the ethnomedicine has a unique understanding of RA, with a long-term clinical experience accumulation and significant efficacy in the treatment of RA, and it has now become one of the important means in treatment of RA. On the basis of literature research, the understanding of RA and commonly used Tibetan medicine, Mongolian medicine, Hui medicine and other herbs and preparations were reviewed in this paper, with the aim of providing a reference for its clinical treatment of RA and research and development of innovative drugs.
Subject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Medicine, Traditional , Humans , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Medicine, Mongolian Traditional , Medicine, Tibetan Traditional , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease, belonging to the "Arthromyodynia (Bi Zheng)" category in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the ethnomedicine has a unique understanding of RA, with a long-term clinical experience accumulation and significant efficacy in the treatment of RA, and it has now become one of the important means in treatment of RA. On the basis of literature research, the understanding of RA and commonly used Tibetan medicine, Mongolian medicine, Hui medicine and other herbs and preparations were reviewed in this paper, with the aim of providing a reference for its clinical treatment of RA and research and development of innovative drugs.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To establish the rapid method of multi-component library preparation of large ethnodrug compound prescription and offer large amounts of samples for active components high-throughput screening. Methods: The ethyl acetate extract from Mongolian medicine BaiMai Powder was separated into a series of fractions by linear gradient elution with flash chromatography. The separation efficiency was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Twenty-nine sequential components were prepared from the ethyl acetate extract of the prescription, enrichment and separation of compounds with different nature were well complished. Conclusion: Multi-component library of ethnodrug compound prescription can be constructed by flash chromatography. This method will help to overcome the difficulty of the pharmacodynamic chemical substances research of large ethnodrug compound prescription.
