ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The Conners Scale for Parents (CRS-P) is one of the reference tools for the diagnostic assessment of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD). It is commonly used in both research and clinical practice. The latest edition of the Conners Parents Scale Long Version (CRS-P3L) has undergone extensive modifications but has never been compared with the 2nd edition (CRS-P2L). We aim to study the concordance between the last two editions of the CRS-P, their internal consistency, and their validity against the criteria of the ADHD-RS. METHODS: The study population was a cohort of 30 children diagnosed with ADHD participating in a clinical trial. The parents of these children completed both editions of the CRS (P2L and P3L), as well as a DSM-IV ADHD Diagnostic Criteria Rating Scale (ADHD-RS). A linear regression model with the calculation of Lin's concordance coefficient (LCC) was used to study the concordance between the scales. Internal validity was estimated with Cronbach's alpha and inter-criteria validity with Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The internal consistency found was "correct" to "good" for both editions (Cronbach alpha 0.85 and 0.77), their correlation with the ADHD-RS was medium to low (Spearman's coefficient 0.25 and 0.09). Concordance between the overall score and the sub-scores of the two editions of the same Conners scale (CRS-P2L and CRS-P3L) was fair to medium (LCC 0.29 to 0.69). CONCLUSIONS: The third edition of the long version of the CRS-P showed very poor concordance with the previous edition. The diagnostic profile of the children seems to have evolved with the new edition, which appears to affect the interpretation of the tests.
ABSTRACT
Since March 2017, minors returning from the terrorist groups' operation areas benefit from a medical and psychological assessment by referral centres throughout France. At the Avicenne hospital in Bobigny (AP-HP, 93), a team assesses the children of jihadists who land at Paris-Roissy-Charles-de-Gaulle airport. This evaluation raises unprecedented clinical questions and confronts professionals with challenges related to the history of these children and the context of their return.
Subject(s)
Mental Health Services , Minors , Terrorism , Child , France , Humans , Islam , Mental Health Services/organization & administration , Minors/psychology , Minors/statistics & numerical data , Referral and ConsultationABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Migrants and refugees often face potentially traumatic events and post-migratory stressors. Upon arrival in the host country, they can be referred to mental health services to assess the impact of their previous experiences. These cross-cultural clinical encounters may raise questions, particularly regarding the assessment of mental health using models based on Western conceptions of psychopathology. OBJECTIVES AND METHOD: The objective of the present non-systematic review of the literature is to discuss the psychological evaluation of post-traumatic reactions in migrants and refugees. More specifically, we present current research on psychopathology, resilience and post-traumatic development (PTG) among the migrant and refugee population. We also examine the cross-cultural validity of concepts such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, resilience and PTG. Finally, we describe the most frequently used tools in cross-cultural psychological assessment and briefly reflect on the question of cultural sensitivity of mental health professionals. A bibliographic search was carried out using the databases: PILOTS, Pubmed, APA PsycNET, and Google Scholar using the following keywords: "migrants", "refugees", "posttraumatic stress disorder", "mental health", "Psychopathology", "risk factors", "protection factors", "posttraumatic growth" and "resilience". We have also reviewed the reference lists of articles encountered from database searches. RESULTS: Responses to a potentially traumatic situation are multiple. Regarding the migrant and refugee population, the reviewed articles studied different post-traumatic reactions such as resilience, post-traumatic development, and psychopathologies. The most studied psychopathological responses were depression, anxiety and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. After reviewing these studies, we asked the following question: considering the complexity of the migration process, what are the factors associated with the development of these different post-traumatic responses? Indeed, several individual and social factors before, during and after migration influence the mental health of individuals in a migration situation. Among the most cited risk factors identified were: to be a victim of or witness to violence in the country of origin and, after migration, to face post-migration difficulties such as asylum denial, to be in a precarious situation with regard to housing and work, as well as the difficulties linked to adaptation to the new culture. We have also described protective factors for the mental health of this population, such as: social support, psychological support, and a good quality of life in the host country. The reviewed articles also describe an important influence of cultural aspects on mental health, such as the perception of an event as traumatic. Although the authors of the reviewed articles accept this influence of culture on post-traumatic responses, most of the tools used to assess the mental health of migrants and refugees were created in a Western context. Studies show a growing concern with these cultural aspects, and certain tools that allow a more culturally sensitive evaluation, such as the "Cultural Formulation Interview", are being developed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Even if the concern with the sensitivity of the tools used in cross-cultural assessment seems to be more present in the international literature, researchers seem to encounter difficulties in better understanding the effects of culture on the mental health of individuals. With increasingly diverse societies, new research should not be based on participants' geographic or ethnic origins, but rather try to "unpack" culture with, for example, the exploration of the relationships between certain values or orientations and the different expressions of psychological distress. Finally, given the still lacking development in the field of cross-cultural research, certain practices, such as the participation of interpreters, the supervision of cultural mediators or the use of culturally sensitive tools, can help the clinician to maintain good practices with patients from different cultures in the diagnostic and psychotherapeutical processes.
Subject(s)
Refugees , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Anxiety Disorders , Humans , Mental Health , Quality of Life , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The paper describes an action research for indicative assessment of psychological problems of young children following the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, and the interest of using the Creole version of the questionnaire PSYCa 3-6. The survey took place in Port-au-Prince, and the evaluators were trained to a proper standardized administration of the questionnaire. BACKGROUND: The mental health needs of young children in natural disaster contexts often remain unaddressed. The lack of a rapid and simple tool for screening combined with few mental health professionals available to accurately diagnose and provide appropriate care mean that young children remain without care. Here, we present the results of psychological screening of young children aged 3 to 6 using the questionnaire PSYCa 3-6. METHODS: This study was conducted in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. The scale was translated into Haitian Creole using corroboration of independent translations and submitted twice to the parents at home, at the end of 2011 and again at the beginning of 2013. At the first stage 166 children 3 to 6 years old were included 49 of whom were included at the second stage. The results and diagnostic properties were assessed comparing the PSYCa 3-6 to the Clinical Global Impression Severity Scale as the gold standard. RESULTS: Boys were more prone to psychological disturbances than girls. The size and position among the siblings increased the score of psychological disturbance. The neighborhood and the perception of environmental violence had a significant impact on the score of psychological disturbance. The significant improvement in scores between the two examinations showed moderate resiliency whose main factors seemed to be the social support received by the family, the rapid return to school, faith and religious practice.
Subject(s)
Disasters , Earthquakes , Resilience, Psychological , Stress, Psychological/epidemiology , Birth Order/psychology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Haiti/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Residence Characteristics , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Queixas de dificuldades na escolarização são frequentes na escola. Em vista de tal problemática, a psicologia escolar tem dedicado vários estudos acerca da avaliação psicológica. Este artigo tem como objetivos relatar o processo de avaliação-intervenção psicológica realizada com um estudante do Ensino Fundamental e apresentar a influência desse processo na aprendizagem, com base nos fundamentos da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural. Abordaremos a relação ensino e aprendizagem, o processo de avaliação psicológica e, na continuidade, relataremos a avaliação realizada, descrevendo as intervenções com professores, pais e estudante. Concluindo, entendemos que, quando iniciamos o processo de avaliação, o entorno escolar e social se modifica, a família e a escola estabelecem outro tipo de relação com o estudante, e as mediações tornam-se diferenciadas, interferindo na apropriação do conhecimento. Consideramos que esta é uma importante dimensão ético-política do trabalho do psicólogo na escolarização...
Complaints of learning difficulties are rather common in the school. In fact, school psychology has devoted several investigations on psychological evaluation. Current paper analyzes the psychological evaluation-intervention undertaken with a primary school student and, based on Historical and Cultural Psychology, demonstrates the influence of the process on learning. The relationship between teaching and learning and the psychological evaluation process are debated. The evaluation under taken is reported and the interventions with teachers, parents and the student described. When the evaluation process starts, the school and social environment changes; the family and the school establish a differently of relationship with the student; mediations become differentiated and interfere in the appropriation of knowledge. We believe that this is an important ethical-political dimension of the work of the psychologists in schooling...
Las quejas de dificultades en la escolarización son frecuentes en la escuela. En razón de tal problemática, la psicología escolar ha dedicado varios estudios acerca de la evaluación psicológica. Este artículo tiene como objetivos relatar el proceso de evaluación-intervención psicológica realizada con un estudiante de la Enseñanza Fundamental y presentar la influencia de ese proceso en el aprendizaje, con base en los fundamentos de la Psicología Histórico-Cultural. Se abordará la relación enseñanza y aprendizaje, el proceso de evaluación psicológica y, en la continuidad, se relatará la evaluación realizada, describiéndose las intervenciones con profesores, padres y estudiante. Concluyendo, entendemos que, cuando se comienza el proceso de evaluación, el entorno escolar y social se modifica, la familia y la escuela comienzan a establecer otro tipo de relación con el estudiante, y las mediaciones se vuelven diferenciadas, interfiriendo en la apropiación del conocimiento. Creemos que esta es una importante dimensión ético-político del trabajo del psicólogo en la educación...
Les plaintes de difficultés à l'école sont fréquentes à l'école. Compte tenu de ces problèmes, la psychologie scolaire a consacré plusieurs études sur l'évaluation psychologique. Cet article vise à décrire le processus de l'évaluation psychologique-intervention effectuée avec un étudiant de l'école élémentaire et de présenter l'influence de ce processus sur l'apprentissage, sur les motifs de la psychologie historique et culturel. Nous allons discuter de la relation entre l'enseignement et l'apprentissage, le processus d'évaluation psychologique et la continuité, rendrons compte de l'évaluation effectuée, décrivant les comprofessores interventions, les parents et les étudiants. En conclusion, nous croyons que lorsque nous avons commencé le processus d'évaluation, l'environnement scolaire et sociale des changements, la famille et l'école d'établir une relation différente avec l'élève, et les médiations se différencier, en interférant avec l'appropriation des connaissances. Nous croyons que cette éthique de travail est-politique la dimension d'un psychologue important dans la scolarité...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Underachievement , Psychological TestsABSTRACT
Queixas de dificuldades na escolarização são frequentes na escola. Em vista de tal problemática, a psicologia escolar tem dedicado vários estudos acerca da avaliação psicológica. Este artigo tem como objetivos relatar o processo de avaliação-intervenção psicológica realizada com um estudante do Ensino Fundamental e apresentar a influência desse processo na aprendizagem, com base nos fundamentos da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural. Abordaremos a relação ensino e aprendizagem, o processo de avaliação psicológica e, na continuidade, relataremos a avaliação realizada, descrevendo as intervenções com professores, pais e estudante. Concluindo, entendemos que, quando iniciamos o processo de avaliação, o entorno escolar e social se modifica, a família e a escola estabelecem outro tipo de relação com o estudante, e as mediações tornam-se diferenciadas, interferindo na apropriação do conhecimento. Consideramos que esta é uma importante dimensão ético-política do trabalho do psicólogo na escolarização.(AU)
Complaints of learning difficulties are rather common in the school. In fact, school psychology has devoted several investigations on psychological evaluation. Current paper analyzes the psychological evaluation-intervention undertaken with a primary school student and, based on Historical and Cultural Psychology, demonstrates the influence of the process on learning. The relationship between teaching and learning and the psychological evaluation process are debated. The evaluation under taken is reported and the interventions with teachers, parents and the student described. When the evaluation process starts, the school and social environment changes; the family and the school establish a differently of relationship with the student; mediations become differentiated and interfere in the appropriation of knowledge. We believe that this is an important ethical-political dimension of the work of the psychologists in schooling.(AU)
Las quejas de dificultades en la escolarización son frecuentes en la escuela. En razón de tal problemática, la psicología escolar ha dedicado varios estudios acerca de la evaluación psicológica. Este artículo tiene como objetivos relatar el proceso de evaluación-intervención psicológica realizada con un estudiante de la Enseñanza Fundamental y presentar la influencia de ese proceso en el aprendizaje, con base en los fundamentos de la Psicología Histórico-Cultural. Se abordará la relación enseñanza y aprendizaje, el proceso de evaluación psicológica y, en la continuidad, se relatará la evaluación realizada, describiéndose las intervenciones con profesores, padres y estudiante. Concluyendo, entendemos que, cuando se comienza el proceso de evaluación, el entorno escolar y social se modifica, la familia y la escuela comienzan a establecer otro tipo de relación con el estudiante, y las mediaciones se vuelven diferenciadas, interfiriendo en la apropiación del conocimiento. Creemos que esta es una importante dimensión ético-político del trabajo del psicólogo en la educación.(AU)
Les plaintes de difficultés à l'école sont fréquentes à l'école. Compte tenu de ces problèmes, la psychologie scolaire a consacré plusieurs études sur l'évaluation psychologique. Cet article vise à décrire le processus de l'évaluation psychologique-intervention effectuée avec un étudiant de l'école élémentaire et de présenter l'influence de ce processus sur l'apprentissage, sur les motifs de la psychologie historique et culturel. Nous allons discuter de la relation entre l'enseignement et l'apprentissage, le processus d'évaluation psychologique et la continuité, rendrons compte de l'évaluation effectuée, décrivant les comprofessores interventions, les parents et les étudiants. En conclusion, nous croyons que lorsque nous avons commencé le processus d'évaluation, l'environnement scolaire et sociale des changements, la famille et l'école d'établir une relation différente avec l'élève, et les médiations se différencier, en interférant avec l'appropriation des connaissances. Nous croyons que cette éthique de travail est-politique la dimension d'un psychologue important dans la scolarité.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Psychological Tests , UnderachievementABSTRACT
Visando contribuir para sistematizar reflexões sobre as implicações do transitar na Metrópole, iremos, neste artigo, discutir aspectos relacionados a previsibilidade e imprevisibilidade na área do trânsito, bem como os limites da avaliação psicológica, neste quadro. Apontamos que o morador da metrópole experimenta, no seu transitar, uma realidade perpassada por algo que escapa, em grande parte, ao seu controle. Mostramos o entrelaçamento, neste contexto, de conflitos com os quais nos defrontamos na circulação urbana, muitos provenientes de nossos modos de relacionamento na cidade contemporânea. Ao considerar que viver e circular, efetivamente, estão associados a uma certa imprevisibilidade, constatamos, por outro lado, que a avaliação psicológica encontra muitos limites frente ao agir cotidiano das pessoas, e envolve aspectos bem mais amplos, que fogem ao âmbito restrito da avaliação. Mostramos que a discussão destas questões tem que ser colocada em uma dimensão mais abrangente, propiciando assim, abertura de novos espaços de reflexão para os profissionais que trabalham na área da psicologia, vinculada ao trânsito. Ressaltamos que cabe a estes profissionais, levarem em consideração, de maneira mais efetiva, durante suas avaliações, aspectos associados ao convívio social, muito presentes na forma de organização do trânsito. Concluímos que a avaliação psicológica deve ser pensada, de modo não tão restrito ao que é apreendido pela mediação dos testes, mas, contrariamente, de modo mais abrangente, podendo levar os profissionais envolvidos a uma implicação mais efetiva com a circulação na cidade contemporânea.(AU)
With an objective to contribute to systematize reflections about the implications of traffic in the capital, we will discuss, in the present article, topics related to predictability and unpredictability concerning the field of traffic, as well as regarding the limits of psychological evaluation in this context. We called attention to the dweller's capital experiment, in your traffic, a reality crossed with something that escape, in general, his control. We showed the interlacement, in this context, of conflicts which we faced in the urban circulation, many came from our way of establish relationships in the modern capital. Considering that to live and to drive are effective related with a certain unpredictability, we found, on the other hand, that the psychology evaluation face many limits with the everyday people actions, it evolve wider aspects, that escape to the restrict field of the evaluation. We showed that the discussion of these questions needs to be put in a broad dimension, providing and opening new reflection spaces to the professionals that work in the psychology field, related with traffic. We emphasized that this professionals ought to consider, in more effective way, during their psychological evaluations, aspects related with the social relationships, that are included in the traffic organization. We concluded that the psychological evaluation, ought not to be restricting on the test results, but on the opposite, in a more ample vision that can bring the professionals evolved in a more effective implication with the modern city drive.(AU)
Para contribuir para el desarrollo de una reflexión sistemática sobre las consecuencias de tránsito en la metrópoli, discutiremos, en este artículo, aspectos de la previsibilidad y la imprevisibilidad en el tránsito, así como los límites de la evaluación psicológica en este marco. Se señala que los habitantes de la ciudad hacen la experiencia, en la circulación urbana de una realidad impregnada de algo que no pueden controlar. Se muestra, en este contexto, el entrelazamiento de conflictos humanos e sociales con los cuales nos enfrentamos en el tráfico urbano. Cuando se considera que vivir y circular, en efecto, están asociados con una cierta imprevisibilidad, observamos, las muchas limitaciones de la evaluación psicológica frente a la acción cotidiana de la gente, que tiene implicaciones mucho más amplias, que van más allá del limitado alcance de la evaluación. Se demuestra que la discusión de estos temas tienen que estar ubicada en una escala más amplia, proporcionando así nuevas oportunidades para la reflexión para los profesionales que trabajan en el campo de la psicología, vinculados al tránsito. Hacemos hincapié en que corresponde a estos profesionales, considerar, en sus evaluaciones, los aspectos relacionados con la vida social, muy presentes en la forma de organizar el tráfico. Se concluye que la evaluación psicológica debe ser diseñado a fin de no limitarse a lo que se percibe a través de la mediación de las pruebas, pero, por el contrario, más en general, lo que pude llevar los profesionales a una participación más efectiva con el movimiento de la circulación en la ciudad contemporánea.(AU)
En vue de contribuer à l'établissement d'une réflexion systématique sur les implications de la circulation dans la métropole, nous discuterons, dans cet article, des aspects de la prévisibilité et l'imprévisibilité dans le trafic urbain, ainsi que les limites de l'évaluation psychologique dans ce cadre. Nous indiquons qu'au cours de la traversée de son parcours, l'habitant de la grande ville expérimente une réalité qui échappe en grande partie à son contrôle. Nous montrons l'enchevêtrement de conflits auquels nous sommes confrontés dans la circulation urbaine. Considérant que vivre et circuler se trouvent associés à une certaine imprévisibilité, nous constatons, par ailleurs, les limites de l'évaluation psychologique face à l'agir quotidien des personnes dans la métropole, qui met en jeu des questions au-delà de sa portée habituelle. Nous montrons que la discussion de ces questions doit être placée à un autre niveau afin d'offrir un champ nouveau de réflexion aux professionnels travaillant dans le domaine de la psychologie de la circulation. Nous soulignons qu'il leur revient de prendre en considération, dans leurs analyses, les rapports sociaux sous-jacents aux modes d'organisation de la circulation. Nous concluons que l'évaluation psychologique doit être conçue de manière plus globale, afin que les professionnels concernés puisse effectivement prendre en compte le mouvement de la circulation dans la ville contemporaine.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Practice, Psychological , Psychological Tests , TransportationABSTRACT
Visando contribuir para sistematizar reflexões sobre as implicações do transitar na Metrópole, iremos, neste artigo, discutir aspectos relacionados a previsibilidade e imprevisibilidade na área do trânsito, bem como os limites da avaliação psicológica, neste quadro. Apontamos que o morador da metrópole experimenta, no seu transitar, uma realidade perpassada por algo que escapa, em grande parte, ao seu controle. Mostramos o entrelaçamento, neste contexto, de conflitos com os quais nos defrontamos na circulação urbana, muitos provenientes de nossos modos de relacionamento na cidade contemporânea. Ao considerar que viver e circular, efetivamente, estão associados a uma certa imprevisibilidade, constatamos, por outro lado, que a avaliação psicológica encontra muitos limites frente ao agir cotidiano das pessoas, e envolve aspectos bem mais amplos, que fogem ao âmbito restrito da avaliação. Mostramos que a discussão destas questões tem que ser colocada em uma dimensão mais abrangente, propiciando assim, abertura de novos espaços de reflexão para os profissionais que trabalham na área da psicologia, vinculada ao trânsito. Ressaltamos que cabe a estes profissionais, levarem em consideração, de maneira mais efetiva, durante suas avaliações, aspectos associados ao convívio social, muito presentes na forma de organização do trânsito. Concluímos que a avaliação psicológica deve ser pensada, de modo não tão restrito ao que é apreendido pela mediação dos testes, mas, contrariamente, de modo mais abrangente, podendo levar os profissionais envolvidos a uma implicação mais efetiva com a circulação na cidade contemporânea.
With an objective to contribute to systematize reflections about the implications of traffic in the capital, we will discuss, in the present article, topics related to predictability and unpredictability concerning the field of traffic, as well as regarding the limits of psychological evaluation in this context. We called attention to the dweller's capital experiment, in your traffic, a reality crossed with something that escape, in general, his control. We showed the interlacement, in this context, of conflicts which we faced in the urban circulation, many came from our way of establish relationships in the modern capital. Considering that to live and to drive are effective related with a certain unpredictability, we found, on the other hand, that the psychology evaluation face many limits with the everyday people actions, it evolve wider aspects, that escape to the restrict field of the evaluation. We showed that the discussion of these questions needs to be put in a broad dimension, providing and opening new reflection spaces to the professionals that work in the psychology field, related with traffic. We emphasized that this professionals ought to consider, in more effective way, during their psychological evaluations, aspects related with the social relationships, that are included in the traffic organization. We concluded that the psychological evaluation, ought not to be restricting on the test results, but on the opposite, in a more ample vision that can bring the professionals evolved in a more effective implication with the modern city drive.
Para contribuir para el desarrollo de una reflexión sistemática sobre las consecuencias de tránsito en la metrópoli, discutiremos, en este artículo, aspectos de la previsibilidad y la imprevisibilidad en el tránsito, así como los límites de la evaluación psicológica en este marco. Se señala que los habitantes de la ciudad hacen la experiencia, en la circulación urbana de una realidad impregnada de algo que no pueden controlar. Se muestra, en este contexto, el entrelazamiento de conflictos humanos e sociales con los cuales nos enfrentamos en el tráfico urbano. Cuando se considera que vivir y circular, en efecto, están asociados con una cierta imprevisibilidad, observamos, las muchas limitaciones de la evaluación psicológica frente a la acción cotidiana de la gente, que tiene implicaciones mucho más amplias, que van más allá del limitado alcance de la evaluación. Se demuestra que la discusión de estos temas tienen que estar ubicada en una escala más amplia, proporcionando así nuevas oportunidades para la reflexión para los profesionales que trabajan en el campo de la psicología, vinculados al tránsito. Hacemos hincapié en que corresponde a estos profesionales, considerar, en sus evaluaciones, los aspectos relacionados con la vida social, muy presentes en la forma de organizar el tráfico. Se concluye que la evaluación psicológica debe ser diseñado a fin de no limitarse a lo que se percibe a través de la mediación de las pruebas, pero, por el contrario, más en general, lo que pude llevar los profesionales a una participación más efectiva con el movimiento de la circulación en la ciudad contemporánea.
En vue de contribuer à l'établissement d'une réflexion systématique sur les implications de la circulation dans la métropole, nous discuterons, dans cet article, des aspects de la prévisibilité et l'imprévisibilité dans le trafic urbain, ainsi que les limites de l'évaluation psychologique dans ce cadre. Nous indiquons qu'au cours de la traversée de son parcours, l'habitant de la grande ville expérimente une réalité qui échappe en grande partie à son contrôle. Nous montrons l'enchevêtrement de conflits auquels nous sommes confrontés dans la circulation urbaine. Considérant que vivre et circuler se trouvent associés à une certaine imprévisibilité, nous constatons, par ailleurs, les limites de l'évaluation psychologique face à l'agir quotidien des personnes dans la métropole, qui met en jeu des questions au-delà de sa portée habituelle. Nous montrons que la discussion de ces questions doit être placée à un autre niveau afin d'offrir un champ nouveau de réflexion aux professionnels travaillant dans le domaine de la psychologie de la circulation. Nous soulignons qu'il leur revient de prendre en considération, dans leurs analyses, les rapports sociaux sous-jacents aux modes d'organisation de la circulation. Nous concluons que l'évaluation psychologique doit être conçue de manière plus globale, afin que les professionnels concernés puisse effectivement prendre en compte le mouvement de la circulation dans la ville contemporaine.
ABSTRACT
Visando contribuir para sistematizar reflexões sobre as implicações do transitar na Metrópole, iremos, neste artigo, discutir aspectos relacionados a previsibilidade e imprevisibilidade na área do trânsito, bem como os limites da avaliação psicológica, neste quadro. Apontamos que o morador da metrópole experimenta, no seu transitar, uma realidade perpassada por algo que escapa, em grande parte, ao seu controle. Mostramos o entrelaçamento, neste contexto, de conflitos com os quais nos defrontamos na circulação urbana, muitos provenientes de nossos modos de relacionamento na cidade contemporânea. Ao considerar que viver e circular, efetivamente, estão associados a uma certa imprevisibilidade, constatamos, por outro lado, que a avaliação psicológica encontra muitos limites frente ao agir cotidiano das pessoas, e envolve aspectos bem mais amplos, que fogem ao âmbito restrito da avaliação. Mostramos que a discussão destas questões tem que ser colocada em uma dimensão mais abrangente, propiciando assim, abertura de novos espaços de reflexão para os profissionais que trabalham na área da psicologia, vinculada ao trânsito. Ressaltamos que cabe a estes profissionais, levarem em consideração, de maneira mais efetiva, durante suas avaliações, aspectos associados ao convívio social, muito presentes na forma de organização do trânsito. Concluímos que a avaliação psicológica deve ser pensada, de modo não tão restrito ao que é apreendido pela mediação dos testes, mas, contrariamente, de modo mais abrangente, podendo levar os profissionais envolvidos a uma implicação mais efetiva com a circulação na cidade contemporânea.(AU)
With an objective to contribute to systematize reflections about the implications of traffic in the capital, we will discuss, in the present article, topics related to predictability and unpredictability concerning the field of traffic, as well as regarding the limits of psychological evaluation in this context. We called attention to the dweller's capital experiment, in your traffic, a reality crossed with something that escape, in general, his control. We showed the interlacement, in this context, of conflicts which we faced in the urban circulation, many came from our way of establish relationships in the modern capital. Considering that to live and to drive are effective related with a certain unpredictability, we found, on the other hand, that the psychology evaluation face many limits with the everyday people actions, it evolve wider aspects, that escape to the restrict field of the evaluation. We showed that the discussion of these questions needs to be put in a broad dimension, providing and opening new reflection spaces to the professionals that work in the psychology field, related with traffic. We emphasized that this professionals ought to consider, in more effective way, during their psychological evaluations, aspects related with the social relationships, that are included in the traffic organization. We concluded that the psychological evaluation, ought not to be restricting on the test results, but on the opposite, in a more ample vision that can bring the professionals evolved in a more effective implication with the modern city drive.(AU)
Para contribuir para el desarrollo de una reflexión sistemática sobre las consecuencias de tránsito en la metrópoli, discutiremos, en este artículo, aspectos de la previsibilidad y la imprevisibilidad en el tránsito, así como los límites de la evaluación psicológica en este marco. Se señala que los habitantes de la ciudad hacen la experiencia, en la circulación urbana de una realidad impregnada de algo que no pueden controlar. Se muestra, en este contexto, el entrelazamiento de conflictos humanos e sociales con los cuales nos enfrentamos en el tráfico urbano. Cuando se considera que vivir y circular, en efecto, están asociados con una cierta imprevisibilidad, observamos, las muchas limitaciones de la evaluación psicológica frente a la acción cotidiana de la gente, que tiene implicaciones mucho más amplias, que van más allá del limitado alcance de la evaluación. Se demuestra que la discusión de estos temas tienen que estar ubicada en una escala más amplia, proporcionando así nuevas oportunidades para la reflexión para los profesionales que trabajan en el campo de la psicología, vinculados al tránsito. Hacemos hincapié en que corresponde a estos profesionales, considerar, en sus evaluaciones, los aspectos relacionados con la vida social, muy presentes en la forma de organizar el tráfico. Se concluye que la evaluación psicológica debe ser diseñado a fin de no limitarse a lo que se percibe a través de la mediación de las pruebas, pero, por el contrario, más en general, lo que pude llevar los profesionales a una participación más efectiva con el movimiento de la circulación en la ciudad contemporánea.(AU)
En vue de contribuer à l'établissement d'une réflexion systématique sur les implications de la circulation dans la métropole, nous discuterons, dans cet article, des aspects de la prévisibilité et l'imprévisibilité dans le trafic urbain, ainsi que les limites de l'évaluation psychologique dans ce cadre. Nous indiquons qu'au cours de la traversée de son parcours, l'habitant de la grande ville expérimente une réalité qui échappe en grande partie à son contrôle. Nous montrons l'enchevêtrement de conflits auquels nous sommes confrontés dans la circulation urbaine. Considérant que vivre et circuler se trouvent associés à une certaine imprévisibilité, nous constatons, par ailleurs, les limites de l'évaluation psychologique face à l'agir quotidien des personnes dans la métropole, qui met en jeu des questions au-delà de sa portée habituelle. Nous montrons que la discussion de ces questions doit être placée à un autre niveau afin d'offrir un champ nouveau de réflexion aux professionnels travaillant dans le domaine de la psychologie de la circulation. Nous soulignons qu'il leur revient de prendre en considération, dans leurs analyses, les rapports sociaux sous-jacents aux modes d'organisation de la circulation. Nous concluons que l'évaluation psychologique doit être conçue de manière plus globale, afin que les professionnels concernés puisse effectivement prendre en compte le mouvement de la circulation dans la ville contemporaine.(AU)
