The social representation of digital transformation: The IT professionals' perspective.

In this study, we aimed to identify how Information Technology professionals make sense of digital transformation, in order to compare this perception with the scientific literature on the topic. To conduct the research, we adopted the Social Representation Theory. Thus, via an online tool, we applied the words evocation technique as well as an ancillary questionnaire comprising open and closed questions. The expressions collected were then semantically treated and categorized, being then analyzed vis-à-vis their frequency of evocation, relevance, connectedness, and cooccurrence. Then, we performed similarity and content analyses for the open answers received. In doing so, we detected dissonance between scientific production on the concept of digital transformation and the perception of Information Technology professionals on this construct, concluding that such professionals have a technocentric view of digital transformation, based mainly on its technological aspects, which can prevent digital transformation initiatives from fully achieving the desired objectives.

Hormones regulate the flowering process in saffron differently depending on the developmental stage.

Flowering in saffron is a highly complex process regulated by the synchronized action of environmental cues and endogenous signals. Hormonal regulation of flowering is a very important process controlling flowering in several plants, but it has not been studied in saffron. Flowering in saffron is a continual process completed in months with distinct developmental phases, mainly divided into flowering induction and flower organogenesis/formation. In the present study, we investigated how phytohormones affect the flowering process at different developmental stages. The results suggest that different hormones differentially affect flower induction and formation in saffron. The exogenous treatment of flowering competent corms with abscisic acid (ABA) suppressed both floral induction and flower formation, whereas some other hormones, like auxins (indole acetic acid, IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA), behaved contrarily at different developmental stages. IAA promoted flower induction, while GA suppressed it; however, GA promoted flower formation, whereas IAA suppressed it. Cytokinin (kinetin) treatment suggested its positive involvement in flower induction and flower formation. The expression analysis of floral integrator and homeotic genes suggests that ABA might suppress floral induction by suppressing the expression of the floral promoter (LFY, FT3) and promoting the expression of the floral repressor (SVP) gene. Additionally, ABA treatment also suppressed the expression of the floral homeotic genes responsible for flower formation. GA reduces the expression of flowering induction gene LFY, while IAA treatment upregulated its expression. In addition to these genes, a flowering repressor gene, TFL1-2, was also found to be downregulated in IAA treatment. Cytokinin promotes flowering induction by increasing the expression levels of the LFY gene and decreasing the TFL1-2 gene expression. Moreover, it improved flower organogenesis by increasing the expression of floral homeotic genes. Overall, the results suggest that hormones differently regulate flowering in saffron via regulating floral integrator and homeotic gene expression.

Research Progress in Physiological Evaluation and Treatment of Visually Induced Motion Sickness in Virtual Reality / 中国医学科学院学报

Visually induced motion sickness(VIMS)is the major barrier to be broken in the development of virtual reality(VR)technology,which seriously affects the progress in the VR industry.Therefore,the detection and evaluation of VIMS has become a hot research topic nowadays.We review the progress in physiological assessment of VIMS in VR based on several physiological indicators,including electroencephalogram(EEG),postural sway,eye movements,heart rate variability,and skin electrical signals,and summarize the available therapies,aiming to provide an outlook on the future research directions of VIMS.

[Research Progress in Physiological Evaluation and Treatment of Visually Induced Motion Sickness in Virtual Reality].

Visually induced motion sickness(VIMS)is the major barrier to be broken in the development of virtual reality(VR)technology,which seriously affects the progress in the VR industry.Therefore,the detection and evaluation of VIMS has become a hot research topic nowadays.We review the progress in physiological assessment of VIMS in VR based on several physiological indicators,including electroencephalogram(EEG),postural sway,eye movements,heart rate variability,and skin electrical signals,and summarize the available therapies,aiming to provide an outlook on the future research directions of VIMS.

Representational risks associated with interview-based animated documentaries.

This article provides an analysis of representational issues associated with interview-based animated documentary productions directed by non-autistic filmmakers, attempting to represent one or more autistic participants. The article draws insights from three case studies: A Is for Autism (Webb 1992), An Alien in the Playground (Glynne 2009) and the author's own practice-based research film, Drawing on Autism (Widdowson 2021). Drawing insights from psychoanalysis, film theory and ethnography, the article will examine animated documentary practice in terms of the risks of Othering participants, look for evidence of the filmmaker's unconscious bias and consider how the cinematic gaze can be used to decode ideological systems that informed their construction. From this analysis, the author reaches the conclusion that the properties of documentaries, that rely on animation rather than live-action cinematography, present a specific set of ethical responsibilities that skew towards issues of representation.

Anxiety, beliefs and covid-19 in two periods of the pandemic in Brazil: a comparative study / Ansiedad, creencias y Covid-19 en dos períodos de la pandemia en Brasil: un estudio comparativo

Abstract This research compared evocations regarding the term "coronavirus" during two different periods in the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil in 2020 - March (beginning of the pandemic in the country) and June (Brazil as the epicenter of the pandemic) -, considering the presence or absence of anxiety symptoms in participants. The methodology adopted the free evocation technique and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2) symptom scale. The sample was composed of 5,961 women and 1,153 men. Participant selection was relegated to convenience sampling by means of an online questionnaire. Results showed that the coronavirus had differential impacts among the groups that were assessed and according to the time of data collection. In general, in March, people with anxiety symptoms had a more catastrophic view of the future, while people without those symptoms had a less unfavorable repertoire to adjust to the situation. In June, both groups reported a negative view of the scenario, indicating a decrease or exhaustion in their capacity for psychological adjustment. This suggests the possibility of an increase of some conditions that result in adaptive impairment, exhaustion, and mental illness. Finally, it is important to understand people's beliefs about the coronavirus at different times of the pandemic because it is a favorable period for the emergence and/or intensification of mental disorders.

Resumen Esta investigación comparó evocaciones sobre el término "coronavirus" en dos períodos diferentes durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Brasil - en marzo (inicio de la pandemia en el país) y en junio (Brasil como epicentro de la pandemia) de 2020. Se consideró la presencia o la ausencia de síntomas de ansiedad en los participantes. En los métodos, se utilizó la técnica de evocación libre y la escala de síntomas de Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada (GAD-2). En total, 5961 mujeres y 1153 hombres participaron en el estudio. La selección de los participantes se realizó mediante una muestra de conveniência com un cuestionario online. Los resultados mostraron que el coronavirus se sintió de manera diferente entre los grupos que fueron evaluados y según el momento de la recolección de los datos. En general, en marzo, las personas con síntomas de ansiedad tenían una visión más catastrófica del futuro, mientras que las personas sin esos síntomas evidenciaban un repertorio menos desfavorable para ajustarse a la situación. En junio, ambos grupos reportaron una visión negativa del escenario, lo que indica una disminución o agotamiento en la capacidad de ajuste psicológico. Esto sugiere la posibilidad de un aumento de algunas condiciones que resultan en deterioro adaptativo, agotamiento y enfermedad mental. Finalmente, es importante comprender las creencias sobre el coronavirus en diferentes momentos de la pandemia, porque es un período favorable para la aparición y/o intensificación de los trastornos mentales.

Emotional Campaigning in Politics: Being Moved and Anger in Political Ads Motivate to Support Candidate and Party.

Political advertising to recruit the support of voters is an inherent part of politics. Today, ads are distributed via television and online, including social media. This type of advertisement attempts to recruit support by presenting convincing arguments and evoking various emotions about the candidate, opponents, and policy proposals. We discuss recent arguments and evidence that a specific social emotion, namely the concept kama muta, plays a role in political advertisements. In vernacular language, kama muta is typically labeled as being moved or touched. We compare kama muta and anger theoretically and discuss how they can influence voters' willingness to support a candidate. We then, for the first time, compare kama muta and anger empirically in the same study. Specifically, we showed American participants short political ads during the 2018 United States midterm election campaigns. All participants saw both kama muta- and anger-evoking ads from both Democratic or Republican candidates. In total, everybody watched eight ads. We assessed participants' degree of being moved and angered by the videos and their motivation for three types of political support: ideational, financial, and personal. The emotional impact of an ad depended on its perceived source: Participants felt especially angry after watching the anger-evoking ads and especially moved by moving ads if they identified with the political party that had produced the video. Both emotions mediated were associated with increased intentions to provide support. Importantly, if one of the two emotions was evoked, its effect on political support was enhanced if participants identified with the party that had produced the ad. We discuss limitations of the method and implications of the results for future research and practice.

Entre grifos, esboços e rasuras: as representações sociais de psicólogo para estudantes de psicologia / Between underlines, drafts and erasures: social representations of the psychologist for psychology students / Entre grifos, esbozos y rastros: las representaciones sociales del psicólogo para estudiantes de psicología

Objetiva-se discutir os resultados de um estudo que enfocou as representações sociais de psicólogo para os estudantes de Psicologia da Universidade Federal de Alagoas/Unidade Educacional de Palmeira dos Índios. Com fundamento teórico-metodológico na Teoria das Representações Sociais, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, com a reunião de procedimentos metodológicos diversos: a análise documental, Técnica de Associação Livre de Palavras ­ TALP ­ e grupo focal. Devido ao recorte proposto, o presente trabalho discute os dados provenientes da TALP, da qual participaram 169 estudantes de Psicologia do referido curso e que foi realizada com a associação ao termo "psicólogo". Com a técnica de análise do conteúdo, chegou-se a cinco categorias, que compõem o campo semântico de psicólogo: perfil, função, trabalho, ciência e processo formativo. Os resultados sinalizam que o desenho do psicólogo aproxima-se do modelo tradicional de atuação, entretanto, tal desenho encontra-se em movimento, com a inserção de outros traços que apontam práticas que visam romper com tal modelo. Diante disso, para possibilitar a reconfiguração desse modelo, o processo formativo deve abrir espaço para o diálogo entre diferentes saberes, objetivando a reflexão sobre a Psicologia e suas práticas subjacentes.

This paper aims to discuss the results of a study focused on the social representations of the psychologist for psychology students at the Federal University of Alagoas / Palmeira dos Índios Educational Unit. Theoretically and methodologically based on the Theory of Social Representations, a qualitative research was conducted with the combination of several methodological procedures: document analysis, free evocation of words technique ­ FEWT - and focus group. The data from FEWT, attended by 169 Psychology students from Palmeira dos Índios, which was held with the evocation to the word "psycho- logist" is analyzed. With the content analysis technique, five categories were reached that cover the psychologist semantic field: profile, function, work, science and educational process. The results indicate that the psychologist drawing approaches the traditional model of work, however, such a design is in constantly changing with the inclusion of other traits that link practices intended to break away from such a model. Therefore, in order to enable the reconfiguration of this model, the educational process should open space for the dialogue between different knowledges, aiming to reflect on psychology and its underlying practices.

Se pretende discutir los resultados de un estudio que enfocó en las representaciones sociales del psicólogo para los estudiantes de Psicología de la Universidad Federal de Alagoas/Unidad educacional de Palmeira dos Indios. Con fundamento teórico-metodológico en la teoría de las representaciones sociales, fue realizada una investigación cualitativa, con la reunión de diversos procedimientos metodológicos: el análisis documental, técnica de asociación libre de palabras-TALP- y grupo focal. Debido al objetivo propuesto, el presente trabajo discute los datos provenientes de la TALP, en la cual participaron 169 estudiantes de psicología del curso referido y que fue realizada con la asociación al termino "psicólogo". Con la técnica de análisis de contenido, se establecieron cinco categorías, que componen el campo semántico de psicólogo: perfil, función, trabajo, ciencia y proceso formativo. Los resultados señalizaron que el diseño del psicólogo se aproxima al modelo tradicional de actuación, Entre grifos, esboços e rasuras 145 sin embargo, tal diseño se encuentra en movimiento, con la inserción de otros trazos que apuntan prácticas que visan quebrar con tal modelo. Frente a eso, para posibilitar la reconfiguración dese modelo, el proceso formativo debe abrir espacio para el diálogo entre diferentes saberes, objetivando la reflexión sobre la psicología y sus prácticas subyacentes.

Configurations of time, the body, and verbal communication: Temporality in patients who express their suffering through the body.

This paper focuses on the study of temporality used as a clinical pointer to processes of affect regulation in patients who express their suffering through a discourse driven by bodily allusions. Differences between symptoms revealed by body language that conveys an experience of conflict (psychoneurotic symptoms) and somatizations are reviewed. Somatization is examined as a benchmark for the failure to resolve states of tension. The body in the session is conceptualized as a speech event. The body is considered as a psychical construction organized in the exchanges with a fellow human-being. It is thus established as a support for subjectivity. Two discourse registers are described: the discourse of the evoked body and the discourse of the perceived body. The study of Greek mythology allows us to distinguish two different types of temporality: Chronos and Kairos. Chronos represents chronological whereas Kairos subjective time. Both are present in the subject; but if greater mental disorganization supervenes, Chronos predominates as it paves the way for a defence against suffering, designed to avoid the unbearable meaning of ceasing to be. Adherence to one or other mode of temporality signals different conceptions of analytic work. The topics addressed are illustrated by various clinical vignettes.

Introjective identification: the analytic work of evocation.

This paper focuses on a particular counter-transference process-introjective identification and the evocation it enables. Introjective identification enables evocation because it engages the analyst's radical openness to the experience of the patient at the most primordial level. The accumulated wisdom of Ferenczi and those who followed him is used to discuss the role of introjective identification in the treatment of patients with non-neurotic structures.

Representações sociais do meio ambiente e da água / Social representation of the environment and water / Representaciones sociales del medio ambiente y del agua

Resumo Na atualidade, as questões relacionadas à temática ambiental têm despertado interesse da sociedade em geral e especialmente da comunidade científica. Considerando a importância que o meio ambiente assume em todas as esferas e o impacto que o seu cuidado ou degradação representa para todo o planeta, buscou identificar as representações sociais do meio ambiente e da água. Compuseram a amostra 150 pessoas da Cidade de Florianópolis, SC. Metade dos participantes de cada sexo, divididos em três faixas etárias, responderam questões de evocação livre com termos indutores “meio ambiente” e “água”. As respostas foram tratadas pelos programas Evoc, Similitude e SPAD 7, e analisadas através da teoria do núcleo central. Os resultados indicam que a representação social do meio ambiente é formada pelos recursos que o compõem, preocupações com cuidado e seu papel como provedor de saúde. A representação social da água volta-se ao uso cotidiano, como provedora de saúde e vida e sua degradação. Foram identificadas relações entre as representações e diferenças de acordo com a faixa etária dos respondentes.(AU)

Abstract Today, issues related to environmental themes have aroused the interest of society and especially the members of the scientific community. Considering the importance of the environment and the impact that its care or degradation has on the planet, we sought to identify the social representations of the environment and water. The sample comprised 150 people of the city of Florianópolis, SC. half of each sex, divided into three age groups, who answered questions on free evocations, with the inductive terms of “environment” and “water.” The responses were treated by programs such as Evoc, Similitude, andSPAD 7 and analyzed through the theory of the central nucleus. The results indicate that the social representation of the environment is formed by the resources that compose it, concerns regarding care, and its role as a health care provider. The social representation of water back up to its everyday use , as a provider of health and life; still comes to their degradation. We identified relations between representations as well as differences according to age of respondents.(AU)

Resumen En la actualidad, las cuestiones relacionadas con los temas ambientales ha despertado el interés de la sociedad en general y en especial de la comunidad científica. Considerando la importancia que el medio ambiente tiene en todos los ámbitos y el impacto que su cuidado o degradación plantea para todo el planeta, se trató de identificar las representaciones sociales del medio ambiente y el agua. La muestra estuvo constituida por 150 personas de la ciudad de Florianópolis, SC. La mitad de los participantes de cada sexo, divididos en tres grupos de edad, respondieron a las preguntas de recuerdo libre con términos inductores “medio ambiente” y “agua”. Las respuestas fueron tratados por los programas de EVOC, similitud y SPAD 7, y se analizaron por medio de la teoría del núcleo central. Los resultados indican que la representación social del medio ambiente está formada por los recursos que la componen, la preocupación por el cuidado y su papel como proveedor de atención médica. La representación social del agua es dirigida al uso cotidiano, como proveedor de la salud y la vida y su degradación. Se identificaron relaciones entre las representaciones y las diferencias según la edad de los encuestados.(AU)

Representações sociais do meio ambiente e da água / Social representation of the environment and water / Representaciones sociales del medio ambiente y del agua

Na atualidade, as questões relacionadas à temática ambiental têm despertado interesse da sociedade em geral e especialmente da comunidade científica. Considerando a importância que o meio ambiente assume em todas as esferas e o impacto que o seu cuidado ou degradação representa para todo o planeta, buscou identificar as representações sociais do meio ambiente e da água. Compuseram a amostra 150 pessoas da Cidade de Florianópolis, SC. Metade dos participantes de cada sexo, divididos em três faixas etárias, responderam questões de evocação livre com termos indutores “meio ambiente” e “água”. As respostas foram tratadas pelos programas Evoc, Similitude e SPAD 7, e analisadas através da teoria do núcleo central. Os resultados indicam que a representação social do meio ambiente é formada pelos recursos que o compõem, preocupações com cuidado e seu papel como provedor de saúde. A representação social da água volta-se ao uso cotidiano, como provedora de saúde e vida e sua degradação. Foram identificadas relações entre as representações e diferenças de acordo com a faixa etária dos respondentes.

Today, issues related to environmental themes have aroused the interest of society and especially the members of the scientific community. Considering the importance of the environment and the impact that its care or degradation has on the planet, we sought to identify the social representations of the environment and water. The sample comprised 150 people of the city of Florianópolis, SC. half of each sex, divided into three age groups, who answered questions on free evocations, with the inductive terms of “environment” and “water.” The responses were treated by programs such as Evoc, Similitude, andSPAD 7 and analyzed through the theory of the central nucleus. The results indicate that the social representation of the environment is formed by the resources that compose it, concerns regarding care, and its role as a health care provider. The social representation of water back up to its everyday use , as a provider of health and life; still comes to their degradation. We identified relations between representations as well as differences according to age of respondents.

En la actualidad, las cuestiones relacionadas con los temas ambientales ha despertado el interés de la sociedad en general y en especial de la comunidad científica. Considerando la importancia que el medio ambiente tiene en todos los ámbitos y el impacto que su cuidado o degradación plantea para todo el planeta, se trató de identificar las representaciones sociales del medio ambiente y el agua. La muestra estuvo constituida por 150 personas de la ciudad de Florianópolis, SC. La mitad de los participantes de cada sexo, divididos en tres grupos de edad, respondieron a las preguntas de recuerdo libre con términos inductores “medio ambiente” y “agua”. Las respuestas fueron tratados por los programas de EVOC, similitud y SPAD 7, y se analizaron por medio de la teoría del núcleo central. Los resultados indican que la representación social del medio ambiente está formada por los recursos que la componen, la preocupación por el cuidado y su papel como proveedor de atención médica. La representación social del agua es dirigida al uso cotidiano, como proveedor de la salud y la vida y su degradación. Se identificaron relaciones entre las representaciones y las diferencias según la edad de los encuestados.

Índices complementares para o estudo de uma representação social a partir de evocações livres: raridade, diversidade e comunidade / Complementary indexes to study a social representation from free evocations data: rarity, diversity and community / Índices adicionales para el estúdio de una representación social con evocaciones: rareza, diversidad y comunidad

Este artigo visa apresentar, com exemplos empíricos, três índices calculáveis a partir de dados de evocações livres. Dois desses índices foram elaborados por Flament e Rouquette (2003) e indicam o grau de diversidade e de raridade das evocações. O terceiro índice permite o estudo da proporção de elementos comuns a dois corpora de evocações, por isso foi nomeado de índice de comunidade. A partir desses três indicadores, é possível ter informações sobre o grau de compartilhamento social de cada objeto, seu nível de idiossincrasia e a proporção de comunidade entre dois corpora. Essas informações, quando associadas a outras técnicas, podem ser úteis para uma melhor compreensão da relação população-objeto.

This paper aims at presenting three indexes that can be calculated from free evocation data. Two of those indexes were elaborated by Flament and Rouquette (2003), and they indicate the diversity and rarity degrees of evocations. The third index allows for the study of the proportion of elements common to two evocation corpora. From these three indicators it is possible to have information about the degree of social sharing of each object, their idiosyncrasy level and the community proportion between two corpora. When associated with other techniques, such information might be useful for a better understanding of the population-object relationship.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar, con ejemplos empíricos, tres índices estimados a partir de datos de evocaciones libres. Dos de estos índices fueron desarrollados por Flament y Rouquette (2003) e indican el grado de diversidad y rareza de las evocaciones. El tercer índice permite estudiar la proporción de elementos comunes a los dos corpora de evocaciones, por lo que fue llamado el índice de la comunidad. A partir de estos tres indicadores es posible tener información sobre el grado de participación social de cada objeto, su nivel de la idiosincrasia y la proporción de comunidad entre los dos corpora. Esta información, cuando se combina con otras técnicas, puede ser útil para una mejor comprensión de la relación población-objeto.

Alegria momentânea: paradas do orgulho de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais / Momentary joy: lesbians, gays, bisexuals, travestites and transsexuals pride parades

Paradas do orgulho de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais (LGBT) são eventos de visibilidade para essa população. Originadas nos Estados Unidos como marchas de denúncia ante a violência contra homossexuais, no Brasil se tornaram manifestações com características carnavalescas. O presente estudo investigou as paradas a partir das percepções dos seus participantes. Foram aplicados 183 instrumentos de evocação ao termo "parada" para frequentadores das paradas de Brasília (n=123) e Goiânia (n=60). Os dados foram analisados por meio do software EVOC. Observou-se que os termos mais evocados das paradas são "alegria" (F=46, RM=1,978), "diversidade" (F=25, RM=2,360) e "liberdade" (F=8, RM=2,412). Conclui-se que os participantes compreendem as paradas como momentos propícios à liberdade de expressão dos afetos.(AU)

Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, Travestites and Transsexuals (LGBT) pride parades are events of visibility to this population. Originated in the United States as marches of complaint due to the violence against homosexuals, in Brazil these parades became manifestations with carnival-like characteristics. The present study investigated the parades through the views of their participants. One hundred and eighty three (183) instruments evoking the term "parade" were applied to people attending the parades in Brasília (n=123) and Goiânia (n=60). The data were analyzed by means of the software EVOC. It was noticed that the more evoked terms were "joy" (F=46, RM=1,978), "diversity" (F=25, RM=2,360) and "freedom" (F=85, RM=2,412). The conclusion was that participants understand parades as propitious moments for free expression of affections.(AU)

Alegria momentânea: paradas do orgulho de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais / Momentary joy: lesbians, gays, bisexuals, travestites and transsexuals pride parades

Paradas do orgulho de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais (LGBT) são eventos de visibilidade para essa população. Originadas nos Estados Unidos como marchas de denúncia ante a violência contra homossexuais, no Brasil se tornaram manifestações com características carnavalescas. O presente estudo investigou as paradas a partir das percepções dos seus participantes. Foram aplicados 183 instrumentos de evocação ao termo "parada" para frequentadores das paradas de Brasília (n=123) e Goiânia (n=60). Os dados foram analisados por meio do software EVOC. Observou-se que os termos mais evocados das paradas são "alegria" (F=46, RM=1,978), "diversidade" (F=25, RM=2,360) e "liberdade" (F=8, RM=2,412). Conclui-se que os participantes compreendem as paradas como momentos propícios à liberdade de expressão dos afetos.

Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, Travestites and Transsexuals (LGBT) pride parades are events of visibility to this population. Originated in the United States as marches of complaint due to the violence against homosexuals, in Brazil these parades became manifestations with carnival-like characteristics. The present study investigated the parades through the views of their participants. One hundred and eighty three (183) instruments evoking the term "parade" were applied to people attending the parades in Brasília (n=123) and Goiânia (n=60). The data were analyzed by means of the software EVOC. It was noticed that the more evoked terms were "joy" (F=46, RM=1,978), "diversity" (F=25, RM=2,360) and "freedom" (F=85, RM=2,412). The conclusion was that participants understand parades as propitious moments for free expression of affections.

Reflexões críticas sobre os processos intersubjetivos: contratransferência, revêrie e o processo de simbolização / Critical reflections on the inter-subjective processes: countertransference, reverie and the process of symbolization / Reflexiones críticas sobre los procesos intersubjetivos: contratransferencia, revêrie y el proceso de simbolización

Os autores traçam uma história dos conceitos de contratransferência e de revêrie desde suas introduções, associando-os aos novos conceitos psicanalíticos correlatos que foram sendo introduzidos e exigiram sua redefinição. Em seguida descrevem o processo que permeia a constituição da contratransferência e, sobretudo, o papel da evocação. Sonhos, narrativas e suas expressões atuadas evocam em nós metáforas que combinam articulações discursivas e não discursivas que dão forma aos sentimentos que estão sendo projetados em nós na transferência. Nós, ao interpretarmos, colocamos essas experiências evocadas numa outra base simbólica, ou seja, transmutamos a linguagem evocativa dos símbolos visuais do sonho ou das metáforas, ou ainda das vivências expressivas da contratransferência, em linguagem verbal descritiva de significados e, desta maneira, ampliamos a capacidade de pensar a experiência ao atribuirmos significado aos sentimentos envolvidos. Os trabalhos de Ogden sobre revêrie são discutidos e considerados seminais na elaboração do conceito de revêrie da forma como o utilizamos hoje.

The authors thread a story of the concepts of countertransference and reverie, since the beginning of their use, associating them to new correlated psychoanalytic notions which were gradually introduced and which demanded the redefinition of these original concepts. Next, they describe the process which permeates the constitution of countertransference and, above all, the role of evocation. Dreams, narrations and their expressions evoke in us metaphors, which combine discursive and non-discursive articulations, which in turn give shape to the feelings which are being projected in us during transference. As we interpret, we place these evoked experiences on another symbolic base, transforming the evocative language of the visual symbols of the dream or metaphor, or yet of the expressive occurrences of countertransference, into a verbal language descriptive of meanings. As such, we amplify the capacity of reflecting upon the experience by attributing meaning to the feelings involved. The works of Ogden on reverie are discussed and considered primary to the elaboration of the concept in the way it is used today.

Los autores trazan una historia de los conceptos de contratransferencia y de revêrie desde que fueron introducidos asociándolos a los nuevos conceptos psicoanalíticos relacionados que fueron siendo introducidos y exigieron su redefinición. A continuación describen el proceso que permea la constitución de la contratransferencia y sobre todo el papel de la evocación. Sueños, narraciones y expresiones actuadas nos evocan metáforas que combinan articulaciones discursivas y no discursivas que dan forma a los sentimientos que están siendo proyectados en nosotros durante la transferencia. Nosotros al interpretar, colocamos estas experiencias evocadas, en otra base simbólica, es decir, transmutamos el lenguaje evocador de los símbolos visuales del sueño o de las metáforas o incluso de las vivencias expresivas de la contratransferencia, en un lenguaje verbal descriptivo de significados y de esta forma ampliamos la capacidad de pensar en la experiencia al atribuir significado a los sentimientos involucrados. Los trabajos de Ogden sobre revêrie son discutidos y considerados fundamentales en la elaboración de los conceptos de revêrie de la forma como los utilizamos hoy.

Critérios de construção e relato da análise prototípica para representações sociais / Criteria related to the realization and reporting of prototypical analysis for social representations

A análise prototípica é uma convenção de apresentação bastante difundida para caracterizar a estrutura de uma representação social a partir de dados de evocações livres. O presente texto visa a sistematizar e indicar algumas dessas informações que deveriam estar presentes na descrição de resultados da análise prototípica, discutindo brevemente os prós e contras de algumas opções de realização da análise. Para tanto, é feita uma breve introdução da análise e posteriormente passa-se a considerações técnicas, finalizando com um exemplo de relato.(AU)

Prototypical analysis is a largely diffused convention of presentation to characterize the structure of a social representation based on free association data. However, occasionaly the results of that analysis do not contain the essential information to guarantee its transparency. The present text aims at systematizing and indicating some of the information that should be present in the description of prototypical analysis results, briefly discussing the pros and cons of some analysis options. For that purpose, a brief introduction of the analysis is made, then moving on to technical considerations and closing the text with an example of an report.(AU)

Critérios de construção e relato da análise prototípica para representações sociais / Criteria related to the realization and reporting of prototypical analysis for social representations

A análise prototípica é uma convenção de apresentação bastante difundida para caracterizar a estrutura de uma representação social a partir de dados de evocações livres. O presente texto visa a sistematizar e indicar algumas dessas informações que deveriam estar presentes na descrição de resultados da análise prototípica, discutindo brevemente os prós e contras de algumas opções de realização da análise. Para tanto, é feita uma breve introdução da análise e posteriormente passa-se a considerações técnicas, finalizando com um exemplo de relato.

Prototypical analysis is a largely diffused convention of presentation to characterize the structure of a social representation based on free association data. However, occasionaly the results of that analysis do not contain the essential information to guarantee its transparency. The present text aims at systematizing and indicating some of the information that should be present in the description of prototypical analysis results, briefly discussing the pros and cons of some analysis options. For that purpose, a brief introduction of the analysis is made, then moving on to technical considerations and closing the text with an example of an report.

El estrés agudoiinterfiere con la evocación y pomueve la extinción de la memorria espacial en el laberinto de barnes / High stress interfers with evocation and promotes extintion of spatial memory in the Barnes maze

Para evaluar los efectos del estrés agudo sobre la recuperación y la extinción de la memoria espacial, se utilizaron ratas entrenadas en el laberinto circular de Barnes. El entrenamiento consistió de 8 ensayos de adquisición (intervalo entre ensayos, IEE, de 5 min) en donde los animales debían aprender a encontrar una caja meta ubicada en uno de los 18 agujeros del laberinto. Todos los animales adquirieron el aprendizaje espacial, ya que invirtieron menos tiempo en encontrar la caja meta y cometieron menos errores a medida que se sucedían los ensayos de entrenamiento. Veinticuatro horas después del entrenamiento se evaluó la retención y extinción del aprendizaje espacial mediante una prueba con caja meta (PCC) seguida de siete pruebas sin caja (PSC), con un IEE de 5 min. Una hora y media antes de la sesión de evaluación de la memoria un grupo de animales fue sometido a estrés por restricción de movimientos durante una hora, permitiéndoles un período de recuperación de 30 min y otro grupo permaneció en su caja hogar sin manipulación (control). Los resultados indican que el estrés deteriora el proceso de evocación de la memoria espacial, ya que los animales estresados cometieron un mayor número de errores y demoraron más tiempo en encontrar la caja meta durante la PCC , respecto de los controles. Además, el estrés facilita el proceso de extinción, ya que, durante las PSCs los animales estresados no mostraron una persistencia en la exploración del agujero que, en el entrenamiento, conducía a la caja meta.

To evaluate the effects of acute stress on evocation and extinction of a spatial memory task, we used rats trained in the Barnes circular maze. The training protocol consisted of eight acquisition trials (intertrial interval, ITI; 5 min) where animals must learn to find an escape box placed under one of these eighteen holes of the maze. All animals learned the spatial memory task as indicated by diminished escape latency and weighted errors along the eight acquisition trials. Twenty four hours after training spatial memory evocation and extinction were tested (one trial with escape box, and seven consecutive trials without escape box, ITI: 5 min). One hour and a half before memory evaluation session half of the animals underwent movement restriction during one hour (one hour stress, 1H) and were allowed 30 min to recover, while the other half stayed in their home cage without manipulation (control, C). Stressed animals displayed a significant increase both in escape latency and in weighted errors during the trial with scape box. These results indicate that movement restriction-induced stress deteriorates the spatial memory evocation. Moreover, movement restriction-induced stress during one hour facilitates extinction, showed by the non-persistence in the exploration of the escape hole during the trials without escape box.

Representações sociais sobre saúde entre adolescentes de escolas públicas do município do Rio de Janeiro / Representaciones sociales sobre salud entre adolescentes de escuelas públicas del municipio de Rio de Janeiro / Social representations about health among adolescents at public schools in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro

A partir dos conceitos de Moscovici e Abric, buscou-se compreender as representações sobre saúde em um grupo de 753 adolescentes do ensino médio de duas escolas públicas do município do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados foram coletados em 2003, através de evocações livres ao termo indutor estar com saúde e analisados com a utilização do software EVOC 2000. Observou-se que, para estes jovens, a saúde é representada a partir da existência de cinco dimensões: hábitos de vida; bem-estar; avaliativa; funcional; e biomédica. Comparados a outros estudos, os resultados parecem similares, havendo, por vezes, uma modificação da localização dos elementos referidos, que ora se encontram no núcleo central e ora no sistema periférico. Conclui-se que existe uma representação hegemônica da saúde entre os jovens, que se repete em diferentes grupos sociais, possuindo, assim, um caráter uniforme.

This study draws on the concepts of Moscovici and Abric in an endeavor to understand representations about health among 753 adolescents at two public secondary schools in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Data were collected through free evocation from the inductor term estar com sáude [being healthy] and were analyzed using EVOC 2000 software. We observed that, for these young people, health is represented in terms of five dimensions: living habits; well-being; evaluative; functional; and biomedical. The results seem similar to those of others studies, although at times there are changes in where the elements referred to are located: in the central nucleus or in the peripheral system. It was concluded that there is a hegemonic representation of health among these young people, which repeats itself in different social groups and is thus of a uniform nature.

A partir de los conceptos de Moscovici y Abric, se buscó comprender las representaciones sobre salud en un grupo de 753 adolescentes del enseño medio de dos escuelas públicas del municipio de Rio de Janeiro-Brasil. Los dados fueron colectados a través de evocaciones libres al termo inductor estar con salud y analizados con la utilización del software EVOC 2000. Se observó que, para estos jóvenes, la salud es representada a partir de la existencia de cinco dimensiones: hábitos de vida; bienestar; evaluadora; funcional; y biomédica. Comparados a otros estudios, los resultados parecen similares, habiendo, por veces, una modificación de la localización de los elementos referidos, que o se encuentran en el núcleo central y o en el sistema periférico. Se concluye que existe una representación hegemónica de la salud entre los jóvenes, que se repite en diferentes grupos sociales, poseyendo, así, un carácter uniforme.