ABSTRACT
Introducción: La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica es un problema de salud; constituye la tercera causa de muerte en el mundo, la exacerbación de esta enfermedad es responsable del fallecimiento de un elevado porcentaje de pacientes. Objetivo: Identificar factores de riesgo de mortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica exacerbada. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación transversal, analítica, en el Hospital General Provincial Camilo Cienfuegos de Sancti Spíritus, durante dos años. Se incluyeron 335 pacientes. Se estudiaron variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Para la identificación de factores de riesgo se elaboró un modelo de regresión logística binaria mediante el método hacia delante de Wald. Resultados: En el modelo de regresión logística el índice de porcentaje global que mostró la relación entre lo pronosticado respecto a lo observado fue de un 94,6 por ciento. Los predictores utilizados explicaron el 86,3 por ciento de la variabilidad de la variable dependiente. El análisis estadístico permitió identificar factores de riesgo de mortalidad: insuficiencia respiratoria aguda, diagnóstico de neumonía, tromboembolismo pulmonar, edad mayor de 60 años y adicción tabáquica. Conclusiones: La identificación de cinco factores de riesgo de mortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados por enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica exacerbada, con el empleo de un modelo predictivo para el cálculo de la probabilidad de fallecimiento; contribuyó al perfeccionamiento de la atención médica individualizada, en función de minimizar la ocurrencia de eventos fatales en estos pacientes(AU)
Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a health problem; It is the third cause of death in the world, the exacerbation of this disease is responsible for the death of a high percentage of patients. Objective: To identify risk factors for mortality in hospitalized patients with exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: A cross-sectional, analytical investigation was carried out, based on the epidemiological design of correlational studies, at the Camilo Cienfuegos Provincial General Hospital of Sancti Spíritus, for two years. 335 patients were included. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were studied. To identify risk factors, a binary logistic regression model was developed using the Wald forward method. Mortality during hospitalization for exacerbated COPD was considered the dependent variable. Results: In the logistic regression model, the global percentage index that showed the relationship between what was predicted with respect to what was observed was 94, 6 percent. The predictors used explained 86, 3 percent of the variability of the dependent variable. Statistical analysis allowed us to identify the following risk factors for mortality: acute respiratory failure, diagnosis of pneumonia, pulmonary thromboembolism, age over 60 years, and smoking addiction. Conclusions: The identification of five mortality risk factors in patients hospitalized for exacerbated COPD, with the use of a predictive model to calculate the probability of death; contributes to the improvement of individualized medical care, in order to minimize the occurrence of fatal events in these patients(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Risk Factors , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/mortality , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
In this observational prospective multicenter study conducted between October 2016 and October 2018, we tested the hypothesis that the use of prehospital non-invasive ventilation (phNIV) to treat patients with acute respiratory insufficiency (ARI) caused by severe acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and acute cardiopulmonary oedema (ACPE) is effective, time-efficient and safe. The data were collected at four different physician response units and three admitting hospitals in a German EMS system. Patients with respiratory failure due to acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute cardiopulmonary oedema were enrolled. A total of 545 patients were eligible for the final analysis. Patients were treated with oxygen supplementation, non-invasive ventilation or invasive mechanical ventilation. The primary outcomes were defined as changes in the clinical parameters and the in-hospital course. The secondary outcomes included time efficiency, peri-interventional complications, treatment failure rate, and side-effects. Oxygenation under phNIV improved equally to endotracheal intubation (ETI), and more effectively in comparison to standard oxygen therapy (SOT) (paO2 SOT vs. non-invasive ventilation (NIV) vs. ETI: 82 mmHg vs. 125 mmHg vs. 135 mmHg, p-value SOT vs. NIV < 0.0001). In a matched subgroup analysis phNIV was accompanied by a reduced time of mechanical ventilation (phNIV: 1.8 d vs. ETI: 4.2 d) and a shortened length of stay at the intensive care unit (3.4 d vs. 5.8 d). The data support the hypothesis that the treatment of severe AECOPD/ACPE-induced ARI using prehospital NIV is effective, time efficient and safe. Compared to ETI, a matched comparison supports the hypothesis that prehospital implementation of NIV may provide benefits for an in-hospital course.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The risk of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in patients with exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (e-COPD) is higher than in non-COPD states. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and the parameters that are critical for finding the incidence of PTE in patients with e-COPD. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 68 consecutive patients with the e-COPD, referred to the Pulmonary Disease Department at the Shariati Hospital in Tehran between 2013 and 2014. In addition to collecting data on the history of disease and physical examination, arterial blood sampling, spirometry, electrocardiography and echocardiography were performed for all patients. All patients underwent the computed the tomography pulmonary angiography (CT-PA) as a method of choice for diagnosing PTE. RESULTS: Out of 68 cases (7.4%), five were had CT angiography findings suggesting PTE. These patients were all male and had a higher mean age (79 vs. 65 years), lower mean systolic blood pressure (88.36 vs. 118.33 mmHg), and a higher mean heart rate (133.12 vs 90.33 beats/min), compared to e-COPD patients without PTE. Arterial blood gas analysis in patients with PTE demonstrated a lower HC03 (2.33 vs. 9.44 mEq/l) and PC02 (44.35 vs. 51.43 mmHg) levels. The mean LVEF was lower in patients with PTE (34.14 ±4.49% vs. 46.94 ± 8.27%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of PTE in our series of patients with e-COPD was 7.4%. According to the study results, male gender, advanced age, hypotension, tachycardia, and respiratory alkalosis are factors indicating possible PTE among patients with e-COPD.
