The Effect of Social Norms on Residential Insecticide Use.

Insecticide products are widely used in homes around the world, despite concerns about their adverse health effects. Variations in insecticide use levels can stem not only from differences in environmental conditions, but also from societal factors. This study investigates the impact of religiosity on insecticide use in Jewish households, hypothesizing that religious families might use more insecticides because insects are considered taboo in Judaism. Data from interviews with 70 families, examining their insecticide use, exposure to pests, aversion to cockroaches, and other predisposing factors, revealed that despite similar levels of pest exposure, religious families reported higher insecticide use and greater aversion to cockroaches. Multiple linear regression analysis identified religiosity as the primary predictor of insecticide use, followed by pest exposure levels. The elevated insecticide use among religious Jewish families may stem from several factors, with the Jewish categorization of insects as "impure animals" that should be strictly avoided likely playing a crucial role in promoting insecticide use. Understanding how attitudes toward insects influence insecticide use across different societies is crucial for health and environmental authorities to develop novel insecticide-reduction initiatives that will be tailored to the unique social characteristics of various communities.

el degeneracionismo al exterminio en la psiquiatría nazi. De Arthur de Gobineau y Benedict Morel a Emil Kraepelin y Ernst Rüdin / From degenerationism to extermination in nazi psychiatry. From Arthur de Gobineau and Benedict Morel to Emil Kraepelin and Ernst Rüdin

Este artículo analiza, a partir el vínculo entre psiquiatría y antropología, cómo se consolidó un discurso organicista capaz de legitimar el exterminio nazi y las políticas eugenésicas en los países democráticos. Partimos del degeneracionismo del siglo XIX y contrastamos la vertiente étnica y racial de Arthur de Gobineau con la vertiente alienista de Benedict Morel, hasta llegar a la síntesis de Cesare Lombroso. Visibilizamos el vínculo que Emil Kraepelin estableció entre la “degeneración” de los individuos y la de las razas, señalando al pueblo judío, como determinante en la consolidación científica de la Rassenhygiene en la que Adolf Hitler fundamentó su Mein Kampf. Destacamos como la justificación para “destruir la vida indigna de ser vivida”, que emergió desde el ensamblaje entre la psiquiatría y la justicia, fue determinante en la transición del III Reich entre la esterilización forzosa y el exterminio. Abordamos el Programa de Eutanasia forzosa a través del importante papel político de Ernst Rüdin, sucesor de Kraepelin y fundador de la psiquiatría genética. Concluimos que el nacionalsocialismo llevó a su máxima expresión la lógica de muerte inscrita en el degeneracionismo. Finalmente, tras una reflexión sobre las reacciones y alternativas de posguerra, destacamos la persistencia contemporánea tanto del determinismo biológico como de la desigualdad legal que marcaron el destino de las primeras víctimas del exterminio nazi.(AU)

This article analyses, from the link between psychiatry and anthropology, how an organicist discourse capable of legitimizing both, nazi extermination and eugenic policies in democratic countries, was consolidated. We depart from 19th century theory of degeneration and contrast the ethnic and racial facet of Arthur de Gobineau with the alienist facet of Benedict Morel, until reaching the synthesis of Cesare Lombroso. We highlight the link that Emil Kraepelin established between the “degeneration” of individuals and that of races, pointing out to the Jews, as determinative in the scientific consolidation of Rassenhygiene in which Adolf Hitler based its Mein Kampf. We stress the justification for “destroying life unworthy of live”, that emerged from the assemblage between psychiatry and justice, as determinant in the Third Reich transition between forced sterilization and extermination. We approach the forced Euthanasia Program through the important political role of Ernst Rüdin, Kraepelin’s successor and founder of genetic psychiatry. We conclude that National Socialism took to its maximum expression the logic of death inscribed in the theory of degeneration. Finally, after a reflection on post-war reactions and alternatives, we highlight the contemporary persistence of both biological determinism and legal inequality that marked the fate of the first victims of nazi extermination.(AU)

Suicides in Brazilian Federal Highway Police: A retrospective study with 20-years' data (2001-2020).

BACKGROUND: To assess the incidence of suicides among Brazilian Federal Highway Police Officers (FHPO) between 2001 and 2020, as well as to describe their sociodemographic and occupational profile. METHODS: A retrospective study analyzed all suicides among FHPO of all Brazilian states between 2001 and 2020 based on personalized police record files. RESULTS: The average suicide rate was 18.7/100,000 persons per year. A total of 35 suicides were identified, of which 33 (91.4%) were by firearm. Most FHPO who died by suicide were male (94.3%), under the age of 40 (62.9%), working for 10 or more years (57.1%), married (65.7%), parents (68.6%), had health insurance (77.1%), and worked in alternating shifts (54.2%). CONCLUSION: The suicide rate among FHPO is high. Due to missing data on age and gender, standardized rates were not reported in the current study, therefore a careful interpretation of the rates reported should be considered.

In Vivo Evaluation of an Ivermectin and Allicin Combination Treatment for Eradicating Poultry Red Mite.

A safe and effective method for eradicating poultry red mite (PRM; Dermanyssus gallinae) is urgently needed, as existing treatments show a low efficacy or hazardous effects on chickens. We evaluated the efficacy of a combined treatment with ivermectin and allicin (IA) against PRMs in chickens and drug residues in non-target samples. The efficiency of PRM eradication by IA was compared with those of natural acaricides in vitro. Ivermectin (0.25 mg/mL) + allicin (1 mg/mL) (IA compound) was sprayed on isolator housing hens with PRMs. The PRM mortality rate, clinical symptoms, and ivermectin residue in hens were analyzed. IA showed the highest PRM-eradication efficacy among all tested compounds in vitro. The insecticidal rates of IA were 98.7%, 98.4%, 99.4%, and 99.9% at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of treatment, respectively. After inoculating PRMs, hypersensitivity, itching, and a pale-colored comb were observed in control animals, which were absent in treated hens. No clinical symptoms from IA and ivermectin residues were found in hens. IA effectively exterminated PRMs, demonstrating its potential for industrial use to treat PRMs.

Tumor-Specific Photothermal-Therapy-Assisted Immunomodulation via Multiresponsive Adjuvant Nanoparticles.

Multiresponsive adjuvant nanoparticles (RMmAGL) are fabricated to perform tumor-specific photothermal therapy while regulating the behavior of tumor-associated immune cells for primary tumor eradication and metastasis inhibition. Core-satellite-like RMmAGL have a core of mannose-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with the TLR7 agonist imiquimod (R837@MSN-mannose) connected via hydrazone bonds to satellites of glutamine (Glu)- and lysine (Lys)-comodified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs-Glu/Lys). During therapy, the acidic environment in tumor tissue cleaves the hydrazone bonds to release AuNPs-Glu/Lys, which further accumulate in tumor cells. After internalization, photothermal agents (aggregated AuNPs-Glu/Lys) are generated in situ through the intratumoral enzyme-catalyzed reaction between Glu and Lys, resulting in tumor-specific photothermal therapy. The detachment of AuNPs-Glu/Lys also triggers the release of R837, which matured dendritic cells (DCs) via a vaccine-like mechanism along with the tumor-associated antigens generated by photothermal therapy. These matured DCs further activates surrounding T cells for immunotherapy. Moreover, the resulting free MSN-mannose serves as an artificial glycocalyx to continuously induce the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages from an immunosuppressive phenotype to an inflammatory phenotype, thus further enhancing immunotherapy. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate significant inhibition of malignant tumors after therapy.

Acute toxicity of fipronil to an invasive ant, Lepisiota frauenfeldi.

Slow-acting fipronil is one of the best components for controlling invasive ants. However, its efficacy against invasive Lepisiota frauenfeldi, which recently invaded Japan, remains unclear. Here, its acute toxicity to Le. frauenfeldi was assessed, and its lethal concentrations were compared with those against other invasive ants (Linepithema humile and Solenopsis invicta). The LC10 and LC50 values of fipronil for Le. frauenfeldi were significantly lower than the previously reported values for Li. humile and/or S. invicta, and its LC90 value against Le. frauenfeldi was in the same range as that required for Li. humile extermination. Additionally, Le. frauenfeldi can be more sensitive to fipronil than non-target arthropods. Therefore, recent fipronil-based Li. humile and S. invicta eradication/control programs may be effective against Le. frauenfeldi as well. Moreover, applying fipronil at dosages appropriate for Le. frauenfeldi would lead to effective Le. frauenfeldi extermination/control with low damage to other native species/ants.

Por la vida, ¿Hasta la vida misma?: Líderes sociales en Riesgo (Colombia) / For Life, Even Life Itself?: Social Leaders In Jeopardy (Colombia)

Resumen No podemos ni debemos ver el crecimiento en la militarización, la criminalización, la eliminación de los movimientos sociales, populares, comunidades afro, indígenas, campesinos, etc., como meros fenómenos desconectados o meramente coyunturales, no podemos verlos de forma aislada, éstos son fenómenos estructurales, intencionados, direccionados, derivados de un modelo impuesto.

Abstract We cannot and must not see the growth in militarization, criminalization, the disposal of social and popular movements, Afro-descendant communities, indigenous peoples, and peasants, etc. as mere unconnected or just merely temporary phenomena. They cannot be regarded in isolation. They are structural, intentional, directed phenomena, which are derived from an imposed model.

Sulfuryl Fluoride Poisonings in Structural Fumigation, a Highly Regulated Industry-Potential Causes and Solutions.

Structural fumigations using sulfuryl fluoride for the extermination of dry-wood termites are conducted by the thousands in California and other warm-weather states. Sulfuryl fluoride is an odorless gas that targets the nervous system and can cause respiratory irritation, pulmonary edema, nausea, vomiting, seizures, and death. Structural voids or compartments such as wall sockets, crawl spaces, cabinets, or cells in air mattresses may create ongoing exposure after a structure has been certified as safe. The authors describe a case of potential sulfuryl fluoride exposure to a family following home fumigation. Despite regulation, sulfuryl fluoride poisonings from structural fumigations continue to occur. This article examines the physical characteristics of sulfuryl fluoride and the regulatory oversight of its application, in an effort to understand how and why these poisonings happen. Increasing aeration times of fumigated structures, overseeing monitoring efficacy, and using technology to capture clearance data could reduce sulfuryl fluoride exposure and illness.

Research on Pollution-free and Technical Regulations of Paeonia suffruticosa and Paeonia lactiflora / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Moutan Cortex and Paeonia Radix are also traditional Chinese herbal medicines. The market is in great demand. However, the market sales of Moutan Cortex and Paeonia Radix have problems such as pesticide residues, excessive heavy metals and degraded quality, which affect their safety and effectiveness. The establishment of a pollution-free and planting system can effectively reduce the pesticide residue and heavy metal content and improve the quality of the medicinal materials while ensuring the production of Moutan Cortex and Paeonia Radix. The article uses field data which based on P.suffruticosa and P.lactiflora cultivation, combined with growth habits and distribution of origin, this research has developed a pollution-free and planting technology system for P.suffruticosa and P.lactiflora. The system includes planting base regionalization, field management, fertilization, pest control and so on, which provides reference for P.suffruticosa and P.lactiflora.

A Juventude das periferias como alvo da violência: uma análise sobre enunciados difundidos pela sociedade brasileira / The Youth of peripheries as a target of violence: an analysis of statements spread by brazilian society / La Juventud de las periferias como objetivo de la violencia: un análisis sobre enunciados difundidos por la sociedad brasileña / Les Jeunes de la banlieue comme une cible de la violence: une analyse des déclarations diffusées par la société brésilienne

O artigo problematiza enunciados presentes em discursos que circulam na vida em sociedade e que correlacionam jovens residentes de regiões periféricas no Brasil a noções de desvio, o que implica que estes sejam circunscritos como alvos privilegiados de práticas de extermínio. Para tanto, buscamos um diálogo com as obras "Os anormais" de Michael Foucault e "Homo sacer: o poder soberano e a vida nua" de Giorgio Agamben, com vistas a articular elementos teóricos que auxiliem na construção de uma análise crítica deste fenômeno social. A análise documental se configurou como caminho metodológico para subsidiar a investigação proposta, sendo que parte das reflexões foi também elucidada por meio de trechos de reportagens destacados dos jornais "Folha de São Paulo", "O Globo" "Folha de Londrina", bem como da revista "Veja".

The article problematizes statements present in discourses that circulate in life in society and that correlate young residents of peripheral regions in Brazil with notions of deviance, which implies that these are circumscribed as privileged targets of extermination practices. For this, we seek a dialogue with the works "The Freaks" of Michael Foucault and "Homo sacer: the sovereign power and the naked life" of Giorgio Agamben, aiming to articulate theoretical elements that help in the construction of a critical analysis of this social phenomenon. The documentary analysis was configured as a methodological way to subsidize the proposed research, and part of the reflections was also elucidated through excerpts from prominent articles in the "Folha de São Paulo", "O Globo" and "Folha de Londrina" newspapers, as well as of Veja magazine.

El artículo problematiza enunciados presentes en discursos que circulan en la vida en sociedad y que correlacionan a jóvenes residentes de regiones periféricas en Brasil a nociones de desvío, lo que implica que éstos sean circunscritos como blancos privilegiados de prácticas de exterminio. Para ello, buscamos un diálogo con las obras "Los anormales" de Michael Foucault y "Homo sacer: el poder soberano y la vida desnuda" de Giorgio Agamben, con miras a articular elementos teóricos que ayuden en la construcción de un análisis crítico de este fenómeno social. El análisis documental se configuró como camino metodológico para subsidiar la investigación propuesta, siendo que parte de las reflexiones fue también elucidada por medio de extractos de reportajes destacados de los periódicos "Folha de São Paulo", "O Globo" "Folha de Londrina", así como de la revista "Veja".

L'article traite des énoncés présents dans les discours qui circulent dans la société et qui mettent en corrélation les jeunes habitants des régions périphériques au Brésil, les notions d'écart, ce qui implique qu'ils sont circonscrites comme un objectif majeur de la pratique de l'extermination. Pour les deux, nous recherchons un dialogue avec les œuvres, "L'anormal," Michel Foucault et "Homo prêtre: le pouvoir souverain et la vie nue" par Giorgio Agamben, en vue d'articuler les éléments théoriques qui aident à la construction d'une analyse critique de ce phénomène social. L'analyse documentaire a été configuré en tant que chemin d'accès de la méthodologie à l'appui de la proposition de recherche, et une partie de la réflexion a également été élucidé par le biais d'extraits de rapports de l'information du journal "Folha de São Paulo", "O Globo" "Folha de Londrina", ainsi que le magazine "Veja".Parte superior do formulário

Imagens, apesar da catástrofe / Image despite the catastrophe

O presente ensaio reafirma a validade da heterogeneidade de suportes nas intervenções sociais, principalmente nos casos considerados graves. Defende o conceito de que a dimensão do imaginário, na psicanálise, não se resume ao virtual; é uma das dimensões da linguagem, equivalente ao simbólico e ao real, articula a eles diversamente, porém não de qualquer maneira. Toma o exemplo dos campos de extermínio nazista, de onde foram extraídas quatro fotografias, tiradas pelos próprios prisioneiros, integrantes dos sonderkomman¬do. Uma forma de argumentar o quanto uma imagem pode contribuir para uma função simbólica. (AU)

This essay try to reaffirm the importance of using differents ways in a clinical and social work, mainly when the difficults circunstances are extremely. This position is based in the psychoanalytical concept that the imaginary di¬mension is not completly defined by a virtual dimension. To the psychoanalysis, imaginary is one of the dimensions of the language and it’s articulated with the simbolic and the real. This articulation has diferents manners to occurs but not in every way. An example is taken from the nazi champs of extermination. Four photographs, the only that has taken by the prisionners themselves, formers members of the “sonderkommando” from auschwitz/birkenau. It’s a importante way to show how one image can have a simbolic function. (AU)

Psicoanálisis y perversión del lazo social / Pshycoanalysis and perversion of the social bond

El artículo busca dar cuenta de las consecuencias de la declinación de la versión patriarcal del Nombre-del-Padre, y se refiere, así, al surgimiento de los totalitarismos, de los Padres fetichizados como reprocura, en el marco de la instalación social, de esos padres brutales, más “confiables” como reguladores de los deseos, de los gozos, y de la circulación de los cuerpos mediante “bandos”, y no de leyes. En ese sentido, acompaña la tesis de Agamben - y de Foucault - mostrando como la nuda vida - sin derechos - es una cuestión biopolítica, y los campos de concentración y de exterminio - y la segregación, en general - son sus consecuencias lógicas, en función no solo de las experiencias nazi, sino de la Argentina. Así, muestra también el “parentesco” entre la democracia y la exclusión, muchas veces mortífera, de los “otros”. Concordamos con Lacan en su propuesta promovedora del lazo social: “una fraternidad discreta para la cual somos siempre demasiado desiguales”.

This article tries to investigate the consequences of the decline of a patriarchal view of the Name-of-the-Father, mentioning the birth of a totalitarian thought, of a fetish-father, as a search for a brutal father, more reliable to regulate desire and the circulation of bodies in groups, as opposed to laws. In this sense, we follow the thesis of Agamben - and Foucault - showing how naked life - without rights - is a bio-political issue, and that segregation and concentration/extermination camps are its logical consequences, both in Nazi experience as well in that of Argentina. In such manner, it also shows a “kinship” between democracy and the exclusion - sometimes deadly - of the “others”. We agree with Lacan and with his proposal of a social bond: “a discreet fraternity in which we are always too much unequal”.

Psicoanálisis y perversión del lazo social / Pshycoanalysis and perversion of the social bond

El artículo busca dar cuenta de las consecuencias de la declinación de la versión patriarcal del Nombre-del-Padre, y se refiere, así, al surgimiento de los totalitarismos, de los Padres fetichizados como reprocura, en el marco de la instalación social, de esos padres brutales, más “confiables” como reguladores de los deseos, de los gozos, y de la circulación de los cuerpos mediante “bandos”, y no de leyes. En ese sentido, acompaña la tesis de Agamben - y de Foucault - mostrando como la nuda vida - sin derechos - es una cuestión biopolítica, y los campos de concentración y de exterminio - y la segregación, en general - son sus consecuencias lógicas, en función no solo de las experiencias nazi, sino de la Argentina. Así, muestra también el “parentesco” entre la democracia y la exclusión, muchas veces mortífera, de los “otros”. Concordamos con Lacan en su propuesta promovedora del lazo social: “una fraternidad discreta para la cual somos siempre demasiado desiguales”. (AU)

This article tries to investigate the consequences of the decline of a patriarchal view of the Name-of-the-Father, mentioning the birth of a totalitarian thought, of a fetish-father, as a search for a brutal father, more reliable to regulate desire and the circulation of bodies in groups, as opposed to laws. In this sense, we follow the thesis of Agamben - and Foucault - showing how naked life - without rights - is a bio-political issue, and that segregation and concentration/extermination camps are its logical consequences, both in Nazi experience as well in that of Argentina. In such manner, it also shows a “kinship” between democracy and the exclusion - sometimes deadly - of the “others”. We agree with Lacan and with his proposal of a social bond: “a discreet fraternity in which we are always too much unequal”. (AU)