An Unusual Presentation of Posterior Globe Rupture Detected During Pars Plana Vitrectomy.

A 54-year-old gentleman presented with a history of poor vision in the right eye for three months and a prior forgotten trauma. The anterior segment was normal. He was diagnosed with subtotal bullous rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), but no apparent tear was observed. Vitrectomy commenced, and upon exploration, there was a posterior globe rupture with retinal and vitreous incarceration. The scleral wound was sutured with heavy liquid in situ. Orbital imaging post-surgery revealed the presence of an intraorbital foreign body. This is a peculiar presentation of posterior globe rupture, as it was unperceived by the patient, and the slit lamp examination conducted indicated no clinical evidence. Identifying posterior globe rupture remains a challenge that necessitates a high index of suspicion and appropriate management.

Alterações oculares decorrentes de picada de abelha na córnea / Ocular changes due to corneal bee sting

RESUMO O propósito deste estudo foi reportar as alterações oculares observadas após picada de abelha com ferrão retido na córnea. Destacamos o tratamento e o desfecho de uma lesão de córnea incomum e sua patogênese. Trata-se de relato de caso e revisão da literatura de lesões oculares por picada de abelha. Paciente do sexo feminino, 63 anos, procurou atendimento oftalmológico de urgência devido à picada de abelha na córnea do olho direito há 6 dias. Queixava-se de embaçamento visual, dor e hiperemia ocular. Apresentou acuidade visual de vultos no olho afetado. Ao exame, notaram-se hiperemia moderada de conjuntiva bulbar, edema corneano com dobras de Descemet e presença do ferrão alojado na região temporal, no estroma profundo da córnea. A paciente foi internada para ser abordada no centro cirúrgico sob anestesia geral. Durante a cirurgia, o ferrão teve que ser retirado via câmara anterior, mediante a realização de uma paracentese e uma lavagem da câmara anterior, com dupla via e solução salina balanceada. Ainda não existe na literatura um tratamento padrão na abordagem de pacientes com lesões oculares por picada de abelha, sendo importantes a identificação e o reconhecimento precoce de possíveis complicações que ameacem a visão.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to report the ocular changes observed after a bee sting with a stinger retained in the cornea. We show the treatment and outcome of an unusual corneal injury and its pathogenesis. This is a case report and literature review of ocular injuries caused by bee stings. A 63-year-old female patient sought emergency ophthalmic care because of a bee sting on the cornea of her right eye six days before. She complained of blurred vision, pain, and ocular hyperemia. She had glare sensitivity on visual acuity in the affected eye. Examination revealed moderate hyperemia of the bulbar conjunctiva, corneal edema with Descemet's folds and a stinger lodged in the temporal region, in the deep stroma of the cornea. The patient was admitted to the operating room under general anesthesia. During surgery, the stinger had to be removed via the anterior chamber, by performing a paracentesis and washing the anterior chamber with a double flushing and balanced saline solution. There is still no standard treatment in the literature for patients with eye injuries caused by bee stings, and early identification and recognition of possible sight-threatening complications is important.

Keratitis in patients with corneal foreign bodies: a cross-sectional study in Cali, Colombia / Ceratite em pacientes com corpos estranhos na córnea: um estudo transversal em Cali, Colômbia

ABSTRACT Purposes: To describe the clinical characteristics and factors associated with keratitis in patients with corneal foreign bodies in Colombia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on a clinical records review of patients who had corneal foreign bodies and were admitted to the emergency department between June 2018 and June 2019 in Cali, Colombia. The primary outcome was the presence of keratitis diagnosed based on clinical criteria. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify associated factors. Results: A total of 381 corneal foreign bodies in 372 patients were analyzed (median age, 40.0; interquartile range, 29.0-53.0 years; male, 94.7% (n=352). Ninety-five patients developed keratitis (24.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 20.8%-29.5%). In the multivariate analysis, age 30 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.15, 95% CI 1.06-4.36), finding of aqueous flare (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.39-5.66]), and a foreign body in the peripheral cornea (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.19-3.50] were associated with an increased risk for keratitis. Sex, time between injury and admission, and corneal edema were not related to keratitis (p>0.05). Conclusion: In Cali, Colombia, a high proportion of keratitis was reported in patients with corneal foreign body. Age, an aqueous flare, and a foreign body in the peripheral cornea were the factors associated with keratitis.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as características clínicas e os fatores associados à presença de ceratite em pacientes com corpos estranhos na córnea em uma população colombiana. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal baseado na revisão dos registros clínicos de pacientes com corpos estranhos na córnea admitidos em um departamento de emergência em Cali, Colômbia, entre junho de 2018 e junho de 2019. O desfecho primário foi a presença de ceratite diagnosticada através de critérios clínicos. Foram utilizados modelos de regressão logística univariada e multivariada para identificar os fatores associados. Resultado: Neste estudo, foi analisado um total de 381 corpos estranhos na córnea em 372 pacientes (idade média: 40,0 anos, intervalo interquartil: 29,0-53,0; sexo masculino: 94,7% [352 casos]). Noventa e cinco casos desenvolveram ceratite (24,9%, intervalo de confiança de 95% — IC 95%: 20,8%-29,5%). Na análise multivariada, para idade ≤30 anos (razão de chances — RC: 2,15, IC 95%: 1,06-4,36), o achado de flare aquoso (RC: 2,81, IC 95%: 1,39-5,66]) e a presença de corpo estranho na periferia da córnea (RC: 2,05, IC 95%: 1,19-3,50) foram associados a um risco aumentado de ceratite. Sexo, tempo entre a lesão e a internação, e edema da córnea não foram relacionados à ceratite (p>0,05). Conclusão: Há uma proporção elevada de ceratite em casos de corpos estranhos na córnea em Cali, Colômbia. Os três fatores associados à ceratite foram a idade, o achado de flare aquoso e a presença de corpo estranho na periferia da córnea.

Unnoticed metallic foreign body in the camerular angle inducing chronic uveitis / Corpo estranho metálico não notado em ângulo camerular induzindo uveíte crônica

ABSTRACT We report the case of an eight-year-old male patient with a four-month history of unilateral anterior chronic uveitis, associated with a pigmented lesion surrounded by fibrinoid material in the inferior camerular angle and with a fibrotic lesion in the extreme periphery of the inferior retina. The patient had no history of trauma or any other clinical symptoms. Although the patient was suspected of having toxocariasis, serological tests were negative. Partial symptomatic improvement was achieved using both orally and topically administered corticosteroids. In addition, a decrease in fibrinoid material around the pigmented camerular lesion revealed it to be regular and cylindric. Computed tomography of the orbits revealed a metallic foreign body in the topography of the inferior camerular angle. The patient underwent removal of the foreign body through a corneal incision and photocoagulation around the inferior retinal traction. Excellent visual and anatomical results were obtained.(AU)

RESUMO Os autores relatam o caso de paciente do sexo masculino, 8 anos de idade, com história de uveíte crônica anterior unilateral há quatro meses, associada a lesão pigmentada envolvida por material fibrinóide em ângulo camerular inferior e a lesão fibrótica em extrema periferia de retina inferior. Não havia histórico de trauma ou outros sintomas clínicos. A hipótese de toxocaríase foi afastada diante de testes sorológicos negativos. Melhoria sintomática parcial foi alcançada com administração de corticosteróide vias oral e tópica. Ademais, redução na quantidade de material fibrinóide ao redor da lesão camerular a revelou regular e cilíndrica. Foi realizada tomografia computadorizada de órbitas, permitindo a detecção de corpo estranho metálico na topografia de ângulo camerular inferior. O paciente foi submetido a remoção do corpo estranho através de incisão corneana e a fotocoagulação ao redor da tração retiniana inferior. Excelentes resultados visual e anatômico foram obtidos.(AU)

¿Cuerpo extraño o tumor ocular? Presentación de un caso / Foreign body or eye tumor? Case presentation

RESUMEN Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina, de 15 años de edad, cuyo motivo de consulta fue la sensación de cuerpo extraño y aumento de volumen de coloración oscura en el globo ocular derecho. Antecedentes personales de trauma no referidos. Al examen físico se encontró una masa alargada, oscura, de bordes regulares y dura a la palpación, por debajo de la conjuntiva bulbar. Se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico y se extrajo un cuerpo extraño subconjuntival compatible con la punta de un lápiz, englobado en su extremo distal por un tejido fibrovascular, oscuro y con brillo metálico. Se exponen algunas consideraciones que pudieran ser la explicación para el comportamiento tisular adyacente al cuerpo extraño. Por lo poco común del caso se decidió su presentación.

ABSTRACT The case of a 15-year-old female patient is presented, whose main complaint was the sensation of a foreign body and increased volume of dark coloration in the right eyeball. Personal history of trauma not reported. On physical examination, an elongated, dark mass with regular edges and hard on palpation was found below the bulbar conjunctiva. Surgical treatment was performed and a subconjunctival foreign body compatible with the tip of a pencil was removed, encompassed at its distal end by a dark, fibrovascular tissue with metallic luster. Some considerations that could be the explanation for the tissue behavior adjacent to the foreign body are exposed. Due to its unusual nature, the presentation of the case was decided.

Epidemiologia das urgências e emergências oftalmológicas em um Hospital Universitário Terciário / Epidemiologic profile of ophthalmic emergencies in a Tertiary University Hospital

Resumo O estudo buscou analisar e estudar a prevalência e as circunstâncias de urgências e emergências oftalmológicas no Pronto Socorro do Hospital de Clínicas de Uberlândia da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (HCU-UFU) e no Ambulatório Amélio Marques no período de agosto de 2016 a agosto de 2017. Faz-se necessário tal estudo, pois emergências oftalmológicas são importantes causas de morbidades na sociedade(1). Ademais, através dele políticas de prevenção poderão ser feitas, além de maior capacitação de profissionais a partir do conhecimento das principais causas de atendimento. A metodologia proposta incluiu a coleta de dados do prontuário, sendo colhidas as informações sexo, idade e ocupação/profissão. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico exploratório observacional predominantemente descritivo do tipo transversal. O trabalho evidenciou que o sexo masculino foi o mais acometido e a faixa etária mais incidente foi entre 19 e 45 anos. Das causas de procura pelo pronto-atendimento oftalmológico, o trauma ocular por corpo estranho é a mais comum havendo uma estreita relação com as atividades laborais (mecânicos e ferragistas). Dessa forma, os dados serão um recurso importante para o auxiliar na compreensão do perfil epidemiológico do pronto-atendimento oftalmológico visando otimizar a administração do mesmo e para estimular a adoção de políticas públicas de prevenção no âmbito da saúde do trabalhador.

Abstract The study aimed to analyze and study the prevalence and circumstances of ophthalmic emergencies and urgencies in the Emergency Room of the Hospital de Clínicas de Uberlândia and the Central Ambulatory (Amélio Marques) of the Federal University of Uberlândia (HCU-UFU) from August 2016 to August 2017. This is a necessary study since ophthalmic emergencies are important causes of morbidities in society(1). In addition, this study will help to develop prevention policies and to make greater training of professionals based on knowledge of the main causes of eye emergencies. The proposed methodology included the collection of data from the medical record, with the information of sex, age and occupation/profession being collected. This is an observational, descriptive, transversal, exploratory epidemiological study. The study showed that males were the most affected and the most incident age group was between 19 and 45 years old. Eye trauma due to a foreign body is the most common cause of demand for ophthalmologic emergency care with a close relationship with work activities (mechanics and ironmongers). In this way, the data will be an important resource to assist in understanding the epidemiological profile of the ophthalmology emergency room in order to optimize its administration and to encourage the adoption of public prevention policies within the scope of occupational health.

[Clinical observation of ocular injury caused by chestnut burr].

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment of ocular injury caused by chestnut burr. Methods: Retrospective case series study. Data of 48 patients (48 eyes) with ocular injuries caused by chestnut burrs hospitalized in Qingdao Eye Hospital were collected from January 2013 to March 2019. All patients were followed up for at least 3 months. The time of seeking medical advice, lesion region, and characteristics and treatment methods were analyzed. Results: There were 48 patients, including 33 males and 15 females, aged 19 to 74 years [mean, (56±10) years]. The time of injury was late September (25 cases) and early October (23 cases). The shortest time to visit our hospital was 3 hours after injury, and the longest was 8 months after injury. There were 13 cases (27.1%, 13/48) with corneal and/or scleral foreign bodies. All patients were treated with corneal or scleral foreign body extraction. Twenty-four patients (50.0%, 24/48) developed fungal keratitis. Among them, 18 patients had a corneal ulcer, and the infection involved the superficial or full-thickness corneal layer. Six patients had no corneal ulcer, and the infection involved the deep stroma and corneal endothelial surface. The positive rate of fungal examination by confocal microscopy was 87.5% (21/24). Antifungal drugs (2 cases), corneal debridement (5 cases), conjunctival flap covering (2 cases), corneal stroma injection (1 case), and penetrating keratoplasty(14 cases) were given according to the depth of fungal infection. Most of the pathogens were Alternaria spp. Eleven patients (22.9%, 11/48) with necrotizing scleritis were treated with exploration of the sclera. Three patients had scleral foreign body residues on ultrasound biomicroscopy examination, which were removed by operation. Four patients were found to have fungi at the necrotic site of the sclera. Conclusions: The main types of ocular injuries caused by chestnut burrs are corneal and/or scleral foreign bodies, fungal keratitis, and necrotizing scleritis. Chestnut burr foreign bodies should be removed as soon as possible. In the case of fungal keratitis, a drug or surgical intervention should be carried out as early as possible. Necrotizing scleritis is often induced by long-term foreign body retention. Scleral incision and exploration is an effective form of treatment. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56: 370-375).

The role of various imaging techniques in identifying and locating intraocular foreign bodies related to open-globe injury: three case reports and literature review. / Papel de distintas técnicas de imagen para identificar y localizar cuerpos extraños intraoculares relacionados con trauma ocular abierto: reporte de tres casos y revisión de la literatura.

BACKGROUND: Determining the precise location of intraocular foreign bodies is crucial for the management of patients with open-globe injury. Computed tomography is the most common method for detecting intraocular foreign bodies in the posterior segment. In this article, we describe three cases of open-globe injury with different types of intraocular foreign bodies in the posterior segment that were accurately located using computed tomography scans and B-scan ultrasonography. CASE PRESENTATION: Each of the three cases of open-globe injury described in this report had different types of ocular trauma, clinical symptoms, and intraocular foreign bodies. Computed tomography scans showed the exact location of the intraocular foreign bodies in the posterior segment in two of the three cases. A B-scan ultrasound was used to determine the location of a non-metallic intraocular foreign body in the third case. All three patients had intraocular foreign bodies, and one of them had an additional orbital foreign body. Case 1 had a perforating eye injury with the additional intraorbital foreign body; Cases 2 and Case 3 had different types of intraocular foreign bodies and prognoses. Various treatment approaches were used, ranging from observation to surgery, depending on the location of the intraocular foreign bodies, and all cases were successfully managed. These three cases show that proper use of various types of imaging tests is indispensable in the context of an intraocular foreign body related to open-globe injury. CONCLUSION: Imaging techniques are crucial for the detection of an intraocular foreign body, and computed tomography is one of the simplest and most useful, especially in cases of open-globe injury.

ANTECEDENTES: La ubicación precisa de un cuerpo extraño intraocular es crucial para el manejo de pacientes con trauma ocular abierto. La tomografía computarizada se usa habitualmente para detectar su ubicación en el segmento posterior. Reportamos tres casos con diferentes cuerpos extraños intraoculares en el segmento posterior, que fueron localizados con precisión mediante la tomografía computarizada y ecografía modo B. PRESENTACIÓN DEL CASO: Presentamos tres casos con diferentes mecanismos de trauma, tipos de cuerpo extraño intraocular, síntomas clínicos y pronóstico visual. La tomografía computarizada determinó la ubicación exacta de todos los cuerpos extraños intraoculares en el segmento posterior. El ultrasonido modo B se realizó en un paciente con un cuerpo extraño intraocular no metálico. El primer caso tuvo una lesión ocular perforante con un cuerpo extraño intraorbitario; el caso dos y el caso tres presentaron diferentes tipos de cuerpos extraños intraoculares con pronóstico diferente. El manejo y el pronóstico fue distinto en todos los casos; todos se manejaron con éxito. La ubicación exacta de los cuerpos extraños intraoculares utilizando las diferentes modalidades de diagnóstico es importante en estos pacientes. Estos casos sirven como recordatorio de que el uso adecuado de las pruebas de imagen es indispensable en el contexto de un cuerpo extraño intraocular relacionado con trauma ocular abierto. CONCLUSIÓN: Las diferentes técnicas de imágenes son muy importantes para la detección de un cuerpo extraño intraocular. La tomografía computarizada es una de las modalidades de imagen más simple y efectiva para la localización de cuerpos extraños intraoculares relacionadas con trauma ocular abierto.

Papel de distintas técnicas de imagen para identificar y localizar cuerpos extraños intraoculares relacionados con trauma ocular abierto: reporte de tres casos y revisión de la literatura / The role of various imaging techniques in identifying and locating intraocular foreign bodies related to open-globe injury: three case reports and literature review

ANTECEDENTES La ubicación precisa de un cuerpo extraño intraocular es crucial para el manejo de pacientes con trauma ocular abierto. La tomografía computarizada se usa habitualmente para detectar su ubicación en el segmento posterior. Reportamos tres casos con diferentes cuerpos extraños intraoculares en el segmento posterior, que fueron localizados con precisión mediante la tomografía computarizada y ecografía modo B. PRESENTACIÖN DEL CASO Presentamos tres casos con diferentes mecanismos de trauma, tipos de cuerpo extraño intraocular, síntomas clínicos y pronóstico visual. La tomografía computarizada determinó la ubicación exacta de todos los cuerpos extraños intraoculares en el segmento posterior. El ultrasonido modo B se realizó en un paciente con un cuerpo extraño intraocular no metálico. El primer caso tuvo una lesión ocular perforante con un cuerpo extraño intraorbitario; el caso dos y el caso tres presentaron diferentes tipos de cuerpos extraños intraoculares con pronóstico diferente. El manejo y el pronóstico fue distinto en todos los casos; todos se manejaron con éxito. La ubicación exacta de los cuerpos extraños intraoculares utilizando las diferentes modalidades de diagnóstico es importante en estos pacientes. Estos casos sirven como recordatorio de que el uso adecuado de las pruebas de imagen es indispensable en el contexto de un cuerpo extraño intraocular relacionado con trauma ocular abierto. CONCLUSIÓN Las diferentes técnicas de imágenes son muy importantes para la detección de un cuerpo extraño intraocular. La tomografía computarizada es una de las modalidades de imagen más simple y efectiva para la localización de cuerpos extraños intraoculares relacionadas con trauma ocular abierto.

BACKGROUND: Determining the precise location of intraocular foreign bodies is crucial for the management of patients with open-globe injury. Computed tomography is the most common method for detecting intraocular foreign bodies in the posterior segment. In this article, we describe three cases of open-globe injury with different types of intraocular foreign bodies in the posterior segment that were accurately located using computed tomography scans and B-scan ultrasonography. CASE PRESENTATION: Each of the three cases of open-globe injury described in this report had different types of ocular trauma, clinical symptoms, and intraocular foreign bodies. Computed tomography scans showed the exact location of the intraocular foreign bodies in the posterior segment in two of the three cases. A B-scan ultrasound was used to determine the location of a non-metallic intraocular foreign body in the third case. All three patients had intraocular foreign bodies, and one of them had an additional orbital foreign body. Case 1 had a perforating eye injury with the additional intraorbital foreign body; Cases 2 and Case 3 had different types of intraocular foreign bodies and prognoses. Various treatment approaches were used, ranging from observation to surgery, depending on the location of the intraocular foreign bodies, and all cases were successfully managed. These three cases show that proper use of various types of imaging tests is indispensable in the context of an intraocular foreign body related to open-globe injury. CONCLUSION: Imaging techniques are crucial for the detection of an intraocular foreign body, and computed tomography is one of the simplest and most useful, especially in cases of open-globe injury.

Perfil epidemiológico dos atendimentos em um serviço público de urgência oftalmológica / Epidemiological profile of visits in a public ophthalmic emergency service

Resumo Objetivo: Identificar os principais diagnósticos e características epidemiológicas dos pacientes atendidos em um serviço público de urgência oftalmológica. Métodos: Estudo transversal e retrospectivo, com análise de prontuários de 2834 pacientes atendimentos no período de julho a setembro de 2017, no serviço de Urgência Oftalmológica do Complexo Hospitalar Ouro Verde, Campinas, Brasil. As variáveis estudadas foram idade, gênero e diagnóstico. Resultados: Houve a prevalência do gênero masculino (52,6%) e da faixa etária de 30 a 59 anos (43,5%); 21,1% eram idosos. Os diagnósticos mais prevalentes foram conjuntivite infecciosa (23,9%), trauma ocular (15,7%) e doenças da superfície ocular (14,6%). Entre mulheres e crianças houve o predomínio de quadros infecciosos/inflamatórios; 83,6% dos traumas ocorreram em homens, sendo 62,2% devido a corpo estranho. Conclusão: Os diagnósticos mais prevalentes no serviço de urgência oftalmológica foram conjuntivite infecciosa e trauma ocular. Medidas de educação e prevenção são necessárias para reduzir morbidade e absenteísmo e evitar o uso inapropriado dos serviços especializados de emergência.

Abstract Objective: To identify the most frequent diagnosis and epidemiological characteristics of patients attended in a public ophthalmic emergency service. Methods: This is a retrospective and transverse study based on 2834 patients' chart attended from July to September 2017 at the Ouro Verde Hospital Complex, Campinas, Brazil. The following variables were investigated: age, gender, and diagnosis. Results: Most patients were male (52.6%) and aged between 30 to 59 years (43.5%); 21.1% were elderly. The most frequent diagnostics were conjunctivitis (23.9%), ocular trauma (15.7%), and ocular surface disorders (14.6%). Infectious/inflammatory conditions predominated among children and female; 83.6% of traumas occurred in man, and 62.2% were due to a foreign body. Conclusion: The most prevalent diagnoses in the ophthalmologic emergency department were infectious conjunctivitis and ocular trauma. Education and prevention measures are necessary to reduce morbidity and absenteeism and to avoid inappropriate use of specialized emergency services.

Pediatric ocular trauma: intraorbital foreign body. case report

ABSTRACT Introduction: Penetrating traumas in the orbit and intraorbital foreign bodies during pediatric age are rare and could be associated with vascular and optic nerve injuries. Clinical case: Five-year-old female patient with penetrating trauma in left orbit of 1 hour of evolution caused by a brush after accidentally tripping with a classmate while painting during art class. The patient was taken the pediatric emergency department of the Clinica Universitaria Colombia in Bogotá where she was admitted, assessed with scanographic studies and taken to surgery to remove the intraorbital foreign body. Discussion: The case of this patient was characterized by indemnity of the eyeball, central artery and vein of the retina and optic nerve, in addition to timely and interdisciplinary management that reduced the risk of complications. Conclusions: The analysis of the clinical evolution of the patient allowed identifying the key events to approach this type of cases, as well as the multiple management and prognosis alternatives according to the type and trajectory of the penetrating object.

RESUMEN Introducción. Los traumas penetrantes en la órbita y los cuerpos extraños intraorbitarios durante la edad pediátrica son raros, pero pueden asociar compromiso vascular y del nervio óptico. Presentación del caso. Paciente femenino de cinco años de edad con trauma penetrante en órbita izquierda de una hora de evolución causado con un pincel. La niña tropezó con un compañero mientras pintaba durante la clase de artes cuando se produjo el accidente. Fue llevada a urgencias pediátricas de la Clínica Universitaria Colombia en Bogotá, donde fue ingresada, valorada con estudios escanográficos y llevada a cirugía para extracción del cuerpo extraño intraorbitario. Discusión. El caso de esta paciente se caracterizó por la indemnidad del globo ocular, la arteria y vena centrales de la retina y el nervio óptico, además de un manejo oportuno e interdisciplinario que disminuyó el riesgo de complicaciones. Conclusiones. El análisis del curso clínico de la paciente permitió identificar los eventos clave para el abordaje de estos casos, sus variaciones de manejo y el pronóstico según el tipo y la trayectoria del objeto penetrante.

Intralenticular Cilia Following Penetrating Ocular Trauma: A Case Report.

Penetrating ocular trauma is one of the most important causes of vision loss, especially in men, and can be associated with intraocular foreign bodies. The incidence of intraocular cilia after trauma is very low. Here we report the case of a 24-year-old man who visited Poostchi Ophthalmology Clinic (Shiraz, Iran) due to a gradual vision loss in his left eye over the past 2 months. The probable cause was a foreign object (metal splinter) in the eye as a result of hammering metal on metal. An examination revealed the site of a 2-mm sealed corneal laceration, localized central cataract with intralenticular cilia, and moderate anterior reaction. The patient underwent foreign body removal, lensectomy, and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. One day after the operation, the visual acuity of the patient was 20/20. The intraocular cilia may have various clinical presentations; however, there is no report of a case with cilium embedded in the lens without any sight-threatening complications other than localized cataract and a moderate inflammatory reaction. Timely management and operation allow such patients to maintain a good vision.

Principales causas de consulta de urgencias oftalmológicas en un instituto de atención terciaria en Colombia / Primary causes of emergency ophthalmological consultations at a tertiary care institution in Colombia / Principais causas de atendimento oftalmológico emergencial em uma instituição de atenção terciária na Colômbia

Introducción. Diversas condiciones oftalmológicas son causas de consultas a los servicios de urgencias. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar las causas más comunes de consulta al servicio de urgencias oftalmológicas de una institución terciaria en Colombia y, así, poder explorar en el futuro la posibilidad de identificar algunas medidas preventivas dirigidas a disminuir la frecuencia de esas causas. Metodología. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo basado en los registros de pacientes que asistieron al servicio de urgencias durante los años 2014 y 2015. Las patologías se identificaron a partir de los códigos de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades, CIE-10. Resultados. Se identificaron 9,088 y 8,162 registros para los años 2014 y 2015, respectivamente. Las causas de consulta a urgencias oftalmológicas más frecuentes para el año 2014 fueron: cuerpo extraño en la córnea o en la conjuntiva con un 20.2 % de los casos, conjuntivitis aguda no especificada con 11.3 %, traumatismo de la conjuntiva y abrasión corneal con 8.3 %, hemorragia conjuntival con 5.8 % y quemaduras corneales con 4.7 %. En el año 2015, las causas fueron: cuerpo extraño en la córnea o en la conjuntiva (23.6 %), traumatismo de la conjuntiva y abrasión corneal (9.0 %), conjuntivitis aguda no especificada (8.9 %), hemorragia conjuntival (4.4 %) y quemaduras corneales (4.0 %). Discusión. Las causas más frecuentes de consulta a urgencias oftalmológicas incluyeron los traumas y las infecciones del segmento anterior del ojo. Conclusiones. Existe la posibilidad de identificar algunas medidas preventivas (elementos de protección adecuados, protocolos de conducta en situaciones de riesgo, etc.) que ayuden a disminuir la frecuencia de traumas oculares y minimicen el riesgo de infecciones. Hay, entonces, cabida para más estudios en los que se analicen los mecanismos específicos de estas lesiones. Cómo citar. Galvis V, Díaz AL, Ochoa ME, Rey JJ, Ardila LC, Olivero LP, Tello A. Principales causas de consulta de urgencias oftalmológicas en un instituto de atención terciaria en Colombia. MedUNAB 2019;22(2):153-161. doi:10.29375/01237047.3489

Introduction. Several ophthalmological conditions are causes of consultations to the emergency services. The objective of this study was to determine the most common causes of consultation to the ophthalmological emergency service of a tertiary institution in Colombia and thus be able to explore in the future the possibility of identifying some preventive measures aimed at reducing the frequency of these causes. Methodology. Retrospective descriptive study based on the records of patients attending the emergency department during 2014 and 2015, identifying the diseases based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes. Results. 9,088 and 8,162 records were identified for 2014 and 2015, respectively. The most frequent causes of ophthalmologic urgency consultation for the year 2014 were: corneal or conjunctive foreign body with 20.2 %, acute conjunctivitis not specified 11.3 %, conjunctival trauma and corneal abrasion 8.3 %, conjunctival haemorrh age 5.8 % and corneal burns 4.7 %. In 2015 the causes were: foreign body in the cornea or conjunctiva (23.6 %), conjunctival trauma and corneal abrasion (9.0 %), acute unspecified conjunctivitis (8.9 %), conjunctival hemorrhage (4.4 %), and corneal burns (4.0 %). Discussion. The most frequent causes of consultation with ophthalmologic emergencies included trauma and infections of the anterior segment of the eye. Conclusions. There is a possibility of identifying some preventive measures (adequate protection elements, behavior protocols in situations of risk, etc.) that help to reduce the frequency of eye traumas and minimize the risk of infections. There is room for more studies in which the specific mechanisms of these injuries are analyzed. Cómo citar: Galvis V, Díaz AL, Ochoa ME, Rey JJ, Ardila LC, Olivero LP, Tello A. Principales causas de consulta de urgencias oftalmológicas en un instituto de atención terciaria en Colombia. MedUNAB 2019;22(2):153-161. doi:10.29375/01237047.3489

Introdução. Várias condições oftalmológicas são causas de atendimento nos serviços de emergência. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as causas mais comuns de atendimento oftalmológico emergencial em uma instituição terciária na Colômbia e, assim, poder explorar no futuro a possibilidade de identificar algumas medidas preventivas para reduzir a frequência dessas causas. Métodos. Estudo descritivo retrospectivo baseado nos registros de pacientes que compareceram ao serviço de emergência oftalmológica durante os anos 2014 e 2015. As patologias foram identificadas a partir dos códigos da Classificação Internacional de Doenças, CID-10. Resultados. Foram identificados 9,088 e 8,162 registros para os anos 2014 e 2015, respectivamente. As causas de atendimento oftalmológico emergencial mais frequentes em 2014 foram: corpo estranho na córnea ou na conjuntiva com 20,2 % dos casos, conjuntivite aguda não especificada com 11,3 %, trauma conjuntival e abrasão corneana com 8,3 %, hemorragia conjuntival com 5,8 % e queimaduras corneanas com 4,7 %. No ano 2015, as causas foram: corpo estranho na córnea ou na conjuntiva (23,6 %), trauma conjuntival e abrasão corneana (9,0 %), conjuntivite aguda não especificada (8,9 %), hemorragia conjuntival (4,4 %) e queimaduras corneanas (4,0 %). Discussão. As causas mais frequentes de atendimento oftalmológico emergencial incluíram traumas e infecções do segmento anterior do olho. Conclusões. Existe a possibilidade de identificar algumas medidas preventivas (elementos de proteção adequados, protocolos de conduta em situações de risco, etc.) que ajudem na redução da frequência de trauma ocular e para minimizar o risco de infecções. Há, então, espaço para mais estudos que analisem os mecanismos específicos dessas lesões Cómo citar. Galvis V, Díaz AL, Ochoa ME, Rey JJ, Ardila LC, Olivero LP, Tello A. Principales causas de consulta de urgencias oftalmológicas en un instituto de atención terciaria en Colombia. MedUNAB 2019;22(2):153-161. doi:10.29375/01237047.3489

Amaurose por neuropatia óptica traumática direta secundária à corpo estranho transorbitário: relato de um caso atípico / Amaurosis by Traumatic Optic Neuropathy direct secondary to the "transorbitario" foreign body: Report of an atypical case

Resumo Neste trabalho descreve-se o caso clínico de um paciente do sexo masculino que evoluiu para cegueira tardia por neuropatia óptica traumática após queda de bicicleta. Enfatiza-se a importância do exame oftalmológico/reflexos pupilares e da tomografia computadorizada no diagnóstico de corpo estranho orbitário, sua remoção cirúrgica, abordagem interdisciplinar e evolução.

Abstract The purpose of this research is to describe a clinical study of a male patient who experienced late-blindness due to traumatic optic neuropathy after getting into a bicycle accident. It is stressed the importance of performing pupillary/reflexes examination and computed tomography scan in order to diagnose "transorbitário" foreign body. It is also cover its surgical removal as well as an interdisciplinary approach and clinical evolution.

Chorioretinitis sclopetaria caused by an intraorbital metallic foreign body / Coriorretinite esclopetária causada por um corpo estranho metálico intraorbitário

ABSTRACT A 44-year-old man was referred for evaluation of pain and temporal floaters after receiving a rebounded bullet impact to his right eye. Typical funduscopic findings, together with the confirmed presence of an intraorbital metallic foreign body, led to the diagnosis of chorioretinitis sclopetaria. Conservative management was performed as no severe symptoms were observed. The favorable clinical outcome was confirmed in subsequent reviews. Chorioretinitis sclopetaria is characterized by a proliferative chorioretinal inflammation as a consequence of the expansive wave caused by the entrance of a bullet between the eyeball and the orbit.

RESUMO Um homem de 44 anos foi encaminhado para avaliação de dor e flutuadores temporais após receber um impacto de bala ressaltado em seu olho direito. Achados fundoscópicos típicos, juntamente com a presença confirmada de um corpo estranho metálico intraorbitário, levaram ao diagnóstico de coriorretinite esclopetária. O manejo conservador foi realizado, pois não foram observados sintomas graves. O desfecho clínico favorável foi confirmado em revisões subsequentes. A coriorretinite esclopetária é caracterizada por uma inflamação coriorretiniana proliferativa como consequência da onda expansiva causada pela entrada de uma bala entre o globo ocular e a órbita.

Seasonal distribution of ocular conditions treated at the emergency room: a 1-year prospective study / Distribuição sazonal e causas de admissão em pronto atendimento oftalmológico - um estudo prospectivo de 1 ano

ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine the clinical characteristics and seasonal distribution of patients admitted to the ocular emergency department of a tertiary ophthalmology care center. Methods: The study cohort includes 27,120 patients who were admitted to ocular emergency room between November 2013 and November 2014. The age, sex, reason for admission, diagnosis, and complete ocular examination reports were recorded for each patient. X-ray and ultrasonographic examinations were performed if necessary. Results: The mean patient age was 32.83 ± 17.62 years (range, 0-95). The number of males was nearly two times the number of females, with 18,808 (69.4%) males and 8312 (30.6%) females. The diagnoses included viral conjunctivitis (7,859 patients; 29.0%), corneal foreign body (5,286 patients; 19.5%), bacterial conjunctivitis (3,892 patients; 14.4%), corneal abrasions (2,306 patients; 8.5%), and allergic conjunctivitis (1,433 patients; 5.3%) (Table 1). Other frequent diagnoses included subconjunctival hemorrhage, photo keratopathy, chemical eye injury, and penetrating and blunt eye injuries. Allergic conjunctivitis, ocular trauma, and corneal foreign body were more frequent in spring, whereas keratitis and chemical eye injury were more common in winter (chi-square test). The most common reasons for emergency room admission, in order of frequency, were viral conjunctivitis, corneal foreign body, bacterial conjunctivitis, and corneal abrasions. Conclusion: This study is the first long-term prospective study to evaluate the seasonal distribution and diagnosis of all adult and pediatric patients admitted to the emergency room for ocular conditions. The frequency of ophthalmological conditions seen in the emergency room may vary according to the season.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar as características clínicas e a distribuição sazonal dos pacientes admitidos no departamento de emergências oculares de um centro terciário de cuidados oftalmológicos. Métodos: Um total de 27.120 pacientes, admitidos no pronto atendimento ocular entre novembro de 2013 e novembro de 2014, foram incluídos neste estudo prospectivo. Idade, gênero, causa da admissão, diagnóstico e relatórios completos dos exames oculares dos pacientes foram registrados e exames de raios X e de ultrassonografia foram realizados quando necessários. Resultados: A idade média do paciente foi de 32,83 ± 17,62 anos (intervalo, 0-95). O número de homens era quase duas vezes maior que o número de mulheres, com 18.808 (69,4%) do sexo masculino e 8.312 (30,6%) do sexo feminino. Os diagnósticos incluíram conjuntivite viral (7.859 pacientes, 29,0%), corpo estranho corneano (5.286 pacientes, 19,5%), conjuntivite bacteriana (3.892 pacientes, 14,4%), abrasões corneanas (2.306 pacientes, 8,5%) e conjuntivite alérgica (1.433 pacientes, 5,3%) (Tabela 1). Outros diagnósticos freqüentes incluíram hemorragia subconjuntival, queratopatia fotográfica, lesões oculares químicas e lesões oculares penetrantes e contundentes. A conjuntivite alérgica, o trauma ocular e o corpo estranho da córnea foram mais frequentes na primavera, enquanto que a queratite e lesões oculares químicas foram mais comuns no inverno (teste qui-quadrado). Os motivos mais comuns para a admissão na sala de emergência, em ordem de frequência, foram conjuntivite viral, corpo estranho da córnea, conjuntivite bacteriana e abrasões da córnea. Conclusão: Este é o primeiro estudo prospectivo de longa duração avaliando as causas e a distribuição sazonal de todos os casos de admissão em um pronto atendimento oftalmológico para pacientes em idade adulta ou pediátrica. A frequência das causas de encaminhamento ao pronto atendimento pode variar em função da estação do ano.

Unrecognized intraorbital wooden foreign body.

Intraorbital wooden foreign bodies may present difficulties in diagnosis due to their radiolucent nature. Delayed recognition and management can cause significant complications. We present a case report that demonstrates these problems and the sequela that can follow. A 56-year-old man presented with a 3-cm laceration in the right upper eyelid, sustained by a slipping accident. After computed tomography (CT) scanning and ophthalmology consultation, which revealed no fractures and suggested only pneumophthalmos, the wound was repaired by a plastic surgery resident. Ten days later, the patient's eyelid displayed signs of infection including pus discharge. Antibiotics and revisional repair failed to solve the infection. Nearly 2 months after the initial repair, a CT scan revealed a large wooden fragment in the superomedial orbit. Surgical exploration successfully removed the foreign body and inflamed pocket, and the patient healed uneventfully. However, the prolonged intraorbital infection had caused irreversible damage to the superior rectus muscle, with upgaze diplopia persisting 1 year after surgery and only minimal muscle function remaining. We report this case to warn clinicians of the difficulties in early diagnosis of intraorbital wooden foreign bodies and the grave prognosis of delayed management.

Unrecognized intraorbital wooden foreign body

Intraorbital wooden foreign bodies may present difficulties in diagnosis due to their radiolucent nature. Delayed recognition and management can cause significant complications. We present a case report that demonstrates these problems and the sequela that can follow. A 56-year-old man presented with a 3-cm laceration in the right upper eyelid, sustained by a slipping accident. After computed tomography (CT) scanning and ophthalmology consultation, which revealed no fractures and suggested only pneumophthalmos, the wound was repaired by a plastic surgery resident. Ten days later, the patient’s eyelid displayed signs of infection including pus discharge. Antibiotics and revisional repair failed to solve the infection. Nearly 2 months after the initial repair, a CT scan revealed a large wooden fragment in the superomedial orbit. Surgical exploration successfully removed the foreign body and inflamed pocket, and the patient healed uneventfully. However, the prolonged intraorbital infection had caused irreversible damage to the superior rectus muscle, with upgaze diplopia persisting 1 year after surgery and only minimal muscle function remaining. We report this case to warn clinicians of the difficulties in early diagnosis of intraorbital wooden foreign bodies and the grave prognosis of delayed management.

"Transorbitario" foreign body after ATV accident / Corpo estranho "transorbitário" após acidente com quadriciclo

Abstract This report aims to show an unusual case of "transorbitário" wooden foreign body causing visual loss due to optic nerve damage on the side contralateral penetration of foreign matter.

Resumo O presente relato tem o objetivo de mostrar um caso incomum de corpo estranho de madeira "transorbitário" que causou perda visual por lesão do nervo óptico do lado contralateral a penetração do corpo estranho.

[An analysis of intraocular metallic foreign body injury during hammer percussion].

Objective: To investigate the cause of intraocular metallic foreign body injury during hammer percussion and to observe the structure of the metallic foreign bodies. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in 21 inpatients with metallic foreign body injury in the posterior segment from January 2013 to April 2016. The foreign bodies were removed by magnetic drawing through external route of the sclera or vitrectomy. The shape of the foreign bodies was analyzed and the structural characteristics were observed under a metallurgical microscope. The visual acuity of the patients was compared before and after treatment. Results: All patients were discharged at one week after surgery. There was no significant difference in mean best corrected visual acuity of the patients between before treatment and after treatment (1.20±0.87 vs. 1.08±0.89, t=1.516, P>0.05). The metallic foreign bodies in all the 21 cases were magnetic and the injuries in 15 cases (71.43%) were caused by hammering on hard objects. The foreign bodies were mainly lamellar and shaped like a leaf or a lance. And the lamellar martensite structure was observed under a metallurgical microscope. Conclusion: The intraocular metallic foreign body injury often occurs during hammer percussion and the microstructure of the foreign bodies is lamellar martensite structure.