ABSTRACT
Introducción. El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas ilegales en el embarazo constituye un problema creciente. En pocas maternidades latinoamericanas se aplica una estrategia de detección y los datos publicados son escasos. Objetivos. Comparar dos quinquenios de resultados de una estrategia de detección de sustancias psicoactivas ilegales implementada en el posparto. Población y métodos. Estudio de corte transversal. Detección por inmunoensayo en orinas de binomios madre-hijo/a, en un hospital público argentino entre 2009 y 2018. Resultados. En 76/191 binomios se detectaron sustancias en 10 años. El criterio de detección más frecuente fue la comunicación o antecedente de uso de drogas: 25/37 y 32/39 en cada quinquenio. Predominaron cannabis (21/37 y 26/39) y cocaína (19/37 y 16/39) en ambos períodos. No hubo diferencias en datos demográficos, ginecológicos, del embarazo ni neonatales en los quinquenios comparados. Conclusiones. No se encontraron diferencias en la frecuencia ni en el tipo de sustancias detectadas a lo largo de 10 años.
Introduction. The use of illicit psychoactive substances during pregnancy is a growing problem. Few Latin American maternity centers implement a screening strategy, and published data are scarce. Objectives. To compare the outcomes of 2 five-year periods of a postpartum strategy to screen for illicit psychoactive drugs. Population and methods. This was a cross-sectional study. Immunoassay detection in urine of mothernewborn infant dyads in an Argentine public hospital between 2009 and 2018. Results. Substances were detected in 76/191 dyads over 10 years. The most frequent detection criterion was reporting or history of drug use: 25/37 and 32/39 in each five-year period. Cannabis (21/37 and 26/39) and cocaine (19/37 and 16/39) predominated in both periods. No differences were observed in demographic, gynecological, pregnancy, or neonatal data between both five-year periods. Conclusions. No differences were found in the frequency or type of substances detected over 10 years
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Illicit Drugs , Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Central Nervous System Agents , Cross-Sectional Studies , MothersABSTRACT
El Uso Racional de Medicamentos refiere a prácticas adecuadas en cada componente de la cadena de utilización. En este trabajo, nuestro objetivo radicó en determinar el perfil de las prescripciones de psicofármacos recibidas y dispensadas en una oficina de farmacia de la provincia de Mendoza (Argentina), evaluar posibles errores, medir la magnitud del consumo e identificar los psicofármacos de primera elección. Se efectuó un análisis observacional, transversal y retrospectivo de prescripciones dispensadas entre el 1 de enero y el 30 de junio de 2020. Los datos se obtuvieron directamente desde las prescripciones. Los fármacos se codificaron según el sistema de clasificación ATC y los diagnósticos según la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades, ambos propuestos por la OMS. La prueba del Chi-cuadrado se utilizó para comparar las variables. Una probabilidad de p<0,05 fue considerada estadísticamente significativa. Se registraron 7.836 prescripciones en 7.041 recetas (media por paciente = 1,11±0,32). Hubo mayor prescripción de psicofármacos a pacientes femeninos (χ2 p<0,001). Las especialidades médicas que más prescribieron los psicofármacos dispensados fueron Clínica, Medicina Familiar y Psiquiatría. Los fármacos psicolépticos fueron los mayormente prescritos, seguido de los antiepilépticos, psicoanalépticos y analgésicos. El 43,76% del total correspondió a benzodiacepinas, principalmente clonazepam, alprazolam y bromazepam. Clonazepam fue el fármaco más prescrito en el período analizado (21,75%), principalmente para diagnósticos de trastornos de ansiedad, hipertensión arterial y depresión. Los registros obtenidos muestran un elevado consumo de ciertos psicofármacos, resultando coincidente con estudios semejantes, hallándose idéntica relación con los fármacos más prescritos, sexo y especialidad del profesional prescriptor. (AU)
The Rational Use of Medicines it refers to adequate practices in each component of the utilization chain. In this work, our objective was to determinate profile of psychotropic drugs prescriptions received and dispensed in a pharmacy office of Mendoza province (Argentina), with evaluation of possible errors, determination of the magnitude consumption and identification of first-choice psychotropic drugs. It was performed an observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective analysis of the prescriptions dispensed between January 1 and June 30, 2020. Data were obtained directly from prescriptions. Drugs were coded according to the ATC classification system and diagnoses according to the International Classification of Diseases, both proposed by the WHO. The Chi-square test was used to compare the variables. A probability of p<0.05 was considered significant statistically. It was registered 7,836 prescriptions in 7,041 prescriptions (mean per patient = 1.11±0.32). There was a greater prescription of psychotropic drugs to female patients (χ2 p<0.001). The clinical medical did result the professional that more prescribed the psychotropic drugs dispensed followed by Family Medicine and Psychiatry specialties. Psycholeptic drugs were the most prescribed, followed by antiepileptic, psychoanaleptic and analgesic drugs. 43.76% of the total corresponded to benzodiazepines, mainly clonazepam, alprazolam and bromazepam. Clonazepam was the most prescribed drug in the analyzed period (21.75%), mainly for diagnosing anxiety disorders, arterial hypertension, and depression. The records obtained show a high consumption of certain psychotropic drugs groups, which coincides with similar studies, finding an identical relationship with the most prescribed drugs, sex, and specialty of the prescribing professional. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Psychotropic Drugs , Drug Prescriptions , Pharmacoepidemiology , ArgentinaABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect that participating in support groups for caregivers has on the quality of life and psychotropic drug use of family caregivers of adults with limitations in activities of daily living. A controlled quasi-experimental longitudinal design was used with 134 caregivers (64 in the experimental group and 70 in the control group). The outcomes were health-related quality of life (EuroQol 5D3L test) and psychotropic drug use (no/yes). The analyses were performed using SPSS and R statistical software. An interaction was observed between the condition and the level of limitations in activities of daily living of the care receiver, having an effect on the caregiver's psychotropic drug use (p = 0.003), with this use being lower among caregivers who attend support groups when their relatives present fewer limitations in activities of daily living. Moreover, the quality of life was higher in the post-test in the experimental group (B = 8.66, p = 0.015). In conclusion, support groups could improve the caregiver's quality of life and decrease psychotropic drug use when the care receiver has low limitations in activities of daily living.
El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el efecto que tiene la participación en grupos de apoyo para cuidadores en la calidad de vida y el consumo de fármacos psicotrópicos de cuidadores familiares de adultos con limitaciones en las actividades de la vida diaria. Se usó un diseño longitudinal cuasiexperimental controlado con 134 cuidadores (64 en el grupo experimental y 70 en el grupo de referencia). Los criterios de evaluación fueron la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (test EuroQol 5D3L) y el consumo de fármacos psicotrópicos (sí / no). Los análisis se realizaron usando los programas estadísticos SPSS y R. Se observó una interacción entre la enfermedad y el nivel de limitaciones en las actividades de la vida diaria del receptor del cuidado y el efecto que tuvo en el consumo de fármacos psicotrópicos del cuidador (p=0.003). Este consumo fue menor entre los cuidadores que asisten a grupos de apoyo cuando sus familiares presentan menos limitaciones en las actividades de la vida diaria. Además, la calidad de vida fue mayor en el grupo experimental después del test (B=8.66, p=0.015). En resumen, los grupos de apoyo podrían mejorar la calidad de vida del cuidador y disminuir el consumo de fármacos psicotrópicos cuando el receptor del cuidado tiene pocas limitaciones en las actividades de la vida diaria.
Subject(s)
Caregivers , Quality of Life , Activities of Daily Living , Adult , Humans , Psychotropic Drugs/therapeutic use , Self-Help GroupsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore the prevalence of the use of hypnotics and sedatives in a sample of the Spanish working population and to examine its association with certain work-related stress factors. METHODS: Using data from the 2007 Spanish Household Survey on Alcohol and Drugs (Encuesta Domiciliaria sobre Alcohol y Drogas en España [EDADES]), we analyzed the distribution of the use of hypnotics and sedatives in the previous month in the working population aged 16 to 64 years old (n=13,005). Associations with exposure to certain work-related stress factors (noxious working environment, precariousness, workload, and social support) were examined using logistic regression modelling. RESULTS: The prevalence of the use of hypnotics and sedatives among women in the previous month doubled that of men (6.5% and 3.3%, respectively), while use among the oldest age group was twice that of the youngest group in both sexes (10.2% in women and 5.5% in men older than 45 years), and was four times higher among those reporting poor health (18.9% in women and 11% in men). Concerning work-related stress, exposure to moderate (OR: 1.96; 95%CI: 1.31-2.92) and high (OR: 1.95; 95%CI: 1.14-3.34) levels of precariousness in men and moderate levels in women (OR: 1.43; 95%CI: 1.03-1.99) was associated with the use of hypnotics and sedatives. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of the use of hypnotics and sedatives was high in women and in workers older than 45 years. Further research is needed on the relationship between the use of hypnotics and sedatives and workers' health, and on the role that work-related stress factors play in this association.
