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1.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 38(4): 246-252, dic. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1441386

ABSTRACT

Las malformaciones arteriovenosas pulmonares (MAVP) consisten en comunicaciones directas entre el sistema arterial y el sistema venoso pulmonar, sin paso de la sangre por el lecho capilar, produciéndose un cortocircuito de derecha a izquierda extracardíaco, pueden ser congénitas o adquiridas. Algunos casos pueden ser asintomáticos, en cambio en otros pueden ocasionar diversas manifestaciones clínicas y se pueden asociar a complicaciones severas. En niños se observa una baja incidencia y son más frecuentes las formas congénitas. La MAVP se debe sospechar por las manifestaciones clínicas y las imágenes de la radiografía de tórax (RxTx) y su confirmación se realiza mediante una AngioTomografía Computada (TC) de tórax. La embolización endovascular es actualmente el tratamiento de elección, con excelentes resultados, aunque requiere de un seguimiento posterior y de un operador experimentado. Reportamos el caso de una niña que ingresó con clínica muy sugerente, incluyendo: disnea, acropaquia, cianosis periférica, e hipoxemia refractaria. Sin embargo, inicialmente el cuadro clínico fue confundido con una crisis asmática. La Angio-TC de tórax confirmó el diagnóstico y el tratamiento mediante embolización endovascular resultó exitoso.


Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) are communications between the arterial and the pulmonary venous system, without passage of blood through the capillary bed, causing a left to right extracardiac shunt. Some cases may be asymptomatic, while others may cause various clinical manifestations and may be associated with severe complications. In children a low incidence is observed, and congenital forms are more frequent. PAVM should be suspected by clinical manifestations and chest x-ray imaging and confirmed by chest Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA). Endovascular embolization is currently the treatment of choice, with excellent results, although it requires subsequent follow-up. We report a patient who was admitted with a very suggestive clinical history, including: dyspnea, clubbing, peripheral cyanosis, and severe hypoxemia, refractory to oxygen therapy. However, initially the clinical picture was confounded with an asthmatic crisis. CTA confirmed the diagnosis and treatment by endovascular embolization was successful.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Arteriovenous Malformations/therapy , Arteriovenous Malformations/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Artery/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Veins/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Artery/abnormalities , Pulmonary Veins/abnormalities , Radiography, Thoracic , Embolization, Therapeutic , Computed Tomography Angiography , Oxygen Saturation , Hypoxia
2.
Rev. cuba. angiol. cir. vasc ; 22(2): e210, 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1289362

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Existe un incremento anual de pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica tributarios a hemodiálisis. Para la realización de esta se requiere de la correcta inserción de accesos vasculares que sean duraderos y funcionales. Objetivo: Caracterizar la durabilidad y funcionabilidad de las fístulas arterio-venosas en pacientes no diabéticos con enfermedad renal crónica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio ambispectivo en 60 pacientes no diabéticos, con enfermedad renal crónica, portadores de una fístula arterio-venosa interna autóloga. Se describieron las variables: edad, sexo, grado de la enfermedad, lugar de confección, durabilidad, funcionabilidad, intentos, superficialización, uso de prótesis de poli-tetra-fluoro-etileno y complicaciones. Resultados: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 55,7 ± 12,7 años y la mitad estuvo entre 40 y 59 años. Los del sexo masculino ocuparon el 71,7 por ciento. Las fístulas duraderas (66,7 por ciento) y las funcionales (71,7 por ciento) se mostraron como las de mayor aparición. Los pacientes con la enfermedad en grado 4 ocuparon el 51,7 por ciento. Las fístulas en zonas radio-cefálica (43,3 por ciento) y húmero-cefálica (45 por ciento) primaron. Solo el 71,7 por ciento tuvo un intento de cirugía. Únicamente en el 20 por ciento se realizó superficialización y cuatro pacientes (6,4 por ciento) recibieron prótesis de poli-tetra-fluoro-etileno. La trombosis representó la complicación más frecuente (25 por ciento). Conclusiones: La durabilidad y la funcionabilidad de las fístulas elaboradas se asociaron con factores como el grado de la enfermedad, el número de intentos, el uso de prótesis vasculares y las complicaciones(AU)


Introduction: There is an annual increase of patients with chronic renal impairment who need haemodialysis. The correct insertion of vascular accesses that are durable and functional is required to perform haemodialysis. Objective: Characterize the durability and functionability of arterio-venous fistulas in non-diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods: An ambispective study was conducted in 60 non-diabetic patients, with chronic kidney disease carrying an autologous internal arterio-venous fistula. The described variables were: age, sex, stage of the disease, place of manufacture, durability, workability, attempts, superficialization, use of polytetrafluoroethylene prostheses, and complications. Results: The average age of patients was 55.7 ± 12.7 years and half were between 40 and 59 years old. Males were 71.7 percent. Durable (66.7 percent) and functional (71.7 percent) fistulas were shown as the most common ones. Patients with a grade 4 disease represented the 51.7 percent. Fistulas in radio-cephalic zones (43.3 percent) and humerus-cephalic zone (45 percent) prevailed. Only 71.7 percent had an attempt of surgery. Only 20 percent had superficialization and four patients (6.4 percent) received polytetrafluoroethylene prostheses. Thrombosis was the most common complication (25 percent). Conclusions: The durability and functionability of the prepared fistulas were associated with factors such as the stage of the disease, the number of attempts, the use of vascular prostheses, and the complications(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Arteriovenous Fistula/epidemiology , Renal Dialysis/methods , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology , Thrombosis/complications
3.
Rev. cuba. angiol. cir. vasc ; 21(3): e132, sept.-dic. 2020. tab, fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1156380

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La fístula arterio-venosa para hemodiálisis es el acceso vascular utilizado con mayor frecuencia. De su adecuada funcionalidad depende la calidad de vida de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes a los que se les confeccionó fístulas arterio-venosas para hemodiálisis. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en 73 pacientes, a los que se les confeccionó una fístula arterio-venosa para hemodiálisis. Las variables de estudio fueron: edad, sexo, tipo de fístula arterio-venosa, localización, complicaciones y tratamiento quirúrgico de las complicaciones. Resultados: Se encontró un predominio del sexo masculino y del grupo etario entre 51 y 60 años. El 94,6 por ciento de las fístulas realizadas fueron autólogas; y, de estas, el 44,1 por ciento, radio-cefálicas. El 27,3 por ciento de las autólogas y el 20 por ciento de las protésicas se presentó trombosis, y el 18,2 por ciento y el 40 por ciento presentaron hipertensión venosa para las autólogas y protésicas, respectivamente. El 43,5 por ciento de los tratamientos realizados frente a las complicaciones resultó la confección de una nueva fístula. Conclusiones: Los pacientes a los que se les confeccionó fístulas arterio-venosas eran predominantemente adultos mayores del sexo masculino y las fístulas más realizadas fueron las autólogas radio-cefálicas. Como principal complicación de las fístulas se encontró la trombosis y se realizaron escasos procederes para el rescate de estas(AU)


Introduction: Arterio-venous fistula for haemodialysis is the most commonly used vascular access. Its proper functionality depends on the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease. Objective: Describe patients to whom were made arterio-venous fistulas for haemodialysis. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in 73 patients to whom were made an arterio-venous fistula for haemodialysis. The study variables were: age, sex, type of arterio-venous fistula, location, complications and surgical treatment of complications. Results: It was found a predominance of male sex and the age group of 51 to 60 years. 94.6 percent of the fistulas made were autologous; and, of these, 44.1 percent were radio-cephalic. 27.3 percent of the autologous fistulas and 20 percent of the prosthetics ones developed thrombosis, and 18.2 percent and 40 percent showed venous hypertension for autologous and prosthetic fistulas, respectively. 43.5 percent of the treatments performed to face complications resulted in the making of a new fistula. Conclusions: The patients to whom were made arterio-venous fistulas were predominantly older adults of the male sex and the most performed fistulas were the radio-cephalic autologous. As the main complication of fistulas, thrombosis was found and a few practices were performed to rescue them(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Renal Dialysis/adverse effects , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Fistula/surgery , Quality of Life
4.
Radiologia (Engl Ed) ; 60(3): 237-249, 2018.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29110903

ABSTRACT

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas are produced by direct communication between the arterial and venous systems of the spinal cord, causing hypertension in the latter with spinal cord dysfunction. It is a rare pathology with unknown etiology and non-specific clinical symptoms that usually results in a delayed diagnosis. Often radiologists are the first to guide the disease towards an adequate diagnosis. Characteristic findings can be seen through MR or MR angiography, and may even locate the fistula in a high percentage of cases, although the pathology must be confirmed by spinal angiography. There are two treatment modalities: endovascular and surgical therapy. Endovascular treatment has improved in recent years with the advantages of a less invasive approach and is therefore usually chosen as primary therapy. In this article we review the main clinical manifestations, imaging findings and treatment of this pathology.


Subject(s)
Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations , Spinal Cord/blood supply , Adult , Aged , Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations/diagnostic imaging , Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations/surgery , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Angiography , Male , Middle Aged , Vascular Surgical Procedures
5.
Rev. cuba. angiol. cir. vasc ; 18(2): 167-177, jul.-dic. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-844816

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El Síndrome de Klippel Trenaunay es uno de los síndromes congénitos neuro-cutáneos con afecciones vasculares, es de presentación poco frecuente y caracterizado por angioma o nevus flammeus, hipertrofia asimétrica de tejidos blandos y várices, aunque se pudieran observar otras alteraciones asociadas. Objetivo: Identificar la frecuencia y las características de las fístulas arteriovenosas en Ecuador. Métodos: De un total de 3 000 enfermos atendidos por distintas causas vasculares, se detectaron y estudiaron 23 pacientes diagnosticados con fístulas arteriovenosas congénitas por examen clínico y estudios complementarios (escaniometría de miembros, gasometría venosa comparativa de miembros, presión de oxígeno y angiotomografía axial computarizada dinámica). Se analizaron las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, localización de las fístulas y tratamiento. Resultados: Se encontró una elevada frecuencia de fístulas (34,7 por ciento) en menores de un año, seguidos de grupo de edades entre 6 a 10 años (26 por ciento). Se constató que la localización más frecuente (86,6 por ciento) correspondió a los miembros inferiores y el tratamiento médico fue el más utilizado. Conclusiones: En Ecuador existe una alta frecuencia de fístulas arteriovenosas congénitas, sobre todo en las edades tempranas de la vida. En el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad se destaca la importancia de la clínica y de la gasometría venosa comparativa(AU)


Introduction: Klippel Trenaunay syndrome is an infrequent congenital neurocutaneos syndrome causing vascular conditions, and characterized by angioma or nevus flammeus, asymmetric hypertrophy of soft tissue and varicose veins, although other associated alterations might be observed. Objective: To identify the frequency and characteristics of arteriovenous fistulae in Ecuador. Methods: Out of 3 000 patients, who were seen because of various vascular causes, 23 patients were detected and studied. They had been diagnosed with congenital arteriovenous fistulas based on clinical examination and complementary studies (of limb scanning, comparative venous blood gasometry to determine oxygen pressure and dynamic axial angiotomography. The following variables were analyzed: age, sex, location of fistulas and treatment. Results: High frequency of fistulas (34.7 percent) was found in children aged less than one year, followed by 6- 10 years age group (26 percent). The most frequent location (86.6 percent) was in lower limbs and medical treatment was the most widely used. Conclusions: In Ecuador, there is high frequency of congenital arteriovenous fistulae, above all at early ages of life. Clinic study and comparative venous blood gasometry are important for the diagnosis of this disease(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Gas Analysis/methods , Arteriovenous Fistula/drug therapy , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prospective Studies , Ecuador , Observational Study
6.
Rev. cuba. angiol. cir. vasc ; 18(2): 192-201, jul.-dic. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-844818

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La trombosis constituye la principal causa de disfunción y pérdida de las fístulas arterio-venosas para hemodiálisis. Objetivo: actualizar los aspectos relacionados con los principales tratamientos de las fístulas arterio-venosas trombosadas. Fuente de los datos: Se realizó la búsqueda de artículos sobre el tema en la base de dato Medline, artículos publicados en páginas web y revistas líderes en la publicación de estudios sobre fístulas arterio-venosas para hemodiálisis. Síntesis de los datos: La trombosis es la complicación más frecuente de las fístulas arterio-venosas, su principal causa lo constituyen los errores técnicos en la trombosis precoz y las estenosis en las tardías. Conclusiones: La repermeabilización precoz de las fístulas arterio-venosas y tratar las estenosis en el mismo acto quirúrgico, es lo que se recomienda. Para tales fines se cuenta con las técnicas quirúrgicas identificadas como el gold standard y las endovasculares, con resultados alentadores(AU)


Introduction: Thrombosis is the most frequent cause of dysfunction and loss of hemodyalisis arteriovenous fistula. Objective: To update knowledge on the epidemiology, the characteristics and the main treatments of the thrombosed hemodyalisis arteriovenous fistulae. Data source: A literature research about the topic was made in Medline, in articles published in different web pages and in leading journals in the publication of studies about hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula. Data synthesis: Thrombosis is the most frequent complication of the arteriovenous fistula, being the technical errors the main cause of premature thrombosis and the stenosis in the late thrombosis. Conclusions: It is recommended to use early repermeabilization of the arteriovenuos fistulae and to treat stenosis in the same surgical act; for that purpose the surgical treatment identified as the "standard gold" and the endovascular technique achieve encouraging results(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Arteriovenous Fistula/surgery , Arteriovenous Fistula/complications , Arteriovenous Fistula/diagnosis , Renal Dialysis/methods
7.
Rev. cuba. angiol. cir. vasc ; 18(2)jul.-dic. 2017.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-67266

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La trombosis constituye la principal causa de disfunción y pérdida de las fístulas arterio-venosas para hemodiálisis.Objetivo: actualizar los aspectos relacionados con los principales tratamientos de las fístulas arterio-venosas trombosadas.Fuente de los datos: Se realizó la búsqueda de artículos sobre el tema en la base de dato Medline, artículos publicados en páginas web y revistas líderes en la publicación de estudios sobre fístulas arterio-venosas para hemodiálisis.Síntesis de los datos: La trombosis es la complicación más frecuente de las fístulas arterio-venosas, su principal causa lo constituyen los errores técnicos en la trombosis precoz y las estenosis en las tardías.Conclusiones: La repermeabilización precoz de las fístulas arterio-venosas y tratar las estenosis en el mismo acto quirúrgico, es lo que se recomienda. Para tales fines se cuenta con las técnicas quirúrgicas identificadas como el gold standard y las endovasculares, con resultados alentadores(AU)


Introduction: Thrombosis is the most frequent cause of dysfunction and loss of hemodyalisis arteriovenous fistula.Objective: To update knowledge on the epidemiology, the characteristics and the main treatments of the thrombosed hemodyalisis arteriovenous fistulae.Data source: A literature research about the topic was made in Medline, in articles published in different web pages and in leading journals in the publication of studies about hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula.Data synthesis: Thrombosis is the most frequent complication of the arteriovenous fistula, being the technical errors the main cause of premature thrombosis and the stenosis in the late thrombosis.Conclusions: It is recommended to use early repermeabilization of the arteriovenuos fistulae and to treat stenosis in the same surgical act; for that purpose the surgical treatment identified as the "standard gold" and the endovascular technique achieve encouraging results(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Arteriovenous Fistula/complications , Arteriovenous Fistula/diagnosis , Arteriovenous Fistula/drug therapy , Renal Dialysis/methods
8.
Rev. cuba. angiol. cir. vasc ; 16(2): 205-215, jul.-dic. 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-756353

ABSTRACT

El acceso vascular ideal debe proporcionar un flujo adecuado a las necesidades de la diálisis, debe ser de larga duración y tener una baja tasa de complicaciones. La realización de una fístula autóloga se considera de primera elección como acceso vascular para la hemodiálisis. Si bien se conocen las causas de los aneurismas y pseudoaneurismas de las fistulas, estos son muy pocos frecuentes y por ello es importante conocer que aparecen. Mostramos varios casos de aneurismas y pseudoaneurismas de las fístulas, causas y que hacer para evitarlos. Se presentan seis casos de pacientes con fístulas arteriovenosas para hemodiálisis realizada la cirugía en el hospital "Victoria Mahe" de islas Seychelles en dos años, el diagnóstico fue clínico y ultrasonográfico. Se encontró un paciente diabético de edad avanzada con pseudoaneurismas de la arteria de la fístula luego de su ligadura a nivel del codo; uno con múltiples aneurismas venosos en una fístula de más de cinco años de evolución y cuatro pacientes con pseudoaneurismas de la vena por ruptura de las fístulas. Es importante no solo hacer un acceso vascular para diálisis, sino cuidar del mismo para evitar que aparezcan los aneurismas y pseudoaneurismas, para ello: rotar los sitios de punción, evitar la hipotensión severa, educar a los pacientes sobre lo que no deben hacer con el brazo de la fístula y realizar una buena asepsia y antisepsia antes de iniciar la diálisis para evitar la sépsis y con ello otras complicaciones, y preparar al personal de enfermería que realizará el proceder(AU)


The ideal vascular access should provide adequate flow to meet dialysis requirements, should be long lasting and also have a low rate of complications. Autologous fistula is considered the first choice for vascular access in hemodialysis. If the causes of aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms of fistulae are well known, they are very unusual and so, it is important to know why they occur. Several cases of aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms of fistulae, their causes and how to prevent them were shown. Six cases with arteriovenous fistulae for hemodialysis were presented; the surgery was performed in "Victoria Mahe" Hospital in Seychelles islands in two years, the diagnosis was clinical and ultrasonographic. There were one elderly diabetic patient with pseudo-aneurysm in the artery of the fistula after ligation at the elbow, one with multiple venous aneurysms in a fistula of over 5 years of progression and four patients with vein pseudo-aneurysms due to fistula rupture. It is very important not only to make a vascular access for dialysis, but also to take care of it so as to avoid aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms. To this end, it is advisable to rotate the puncture sites, to severe hypotension, to educate patients about what should not be done with the fistula arm, to perform good aseptic- antiseptic actions before starting dialysis to prevent sepsis and other complications and to prepare nurses to conduct the procedure(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Arteriovenous Fistula/complications , Aneurysm, False/complications , Renal Insufficiency/complications , Aneurysm/complications
9.
Rev cuba angiol y cir vasc ; 16(2)jul.-dic. 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-62621

ABSTRACT

El acceso vascular ideal debe proporcionar un flujo adecuado a las necesidades de la diálisis, debe ser de larga duración y tener una baja tasa de complicaciones. La realización de una fístula autóloga se considera de primera elección como acceso vascular para la hemodiálisis. Si bien se conocen las causas de los aneurismas y pseudoaneurismas de las fistulas, estos son muy pocos frecuentes y por ello es importante conocer que aparecen. Mostramos varios casos de aneurismas y pseudoaneurismas de las fístulas, causas y que hacer para evitarlos. Se presentan seis casos de pacientes con fístulas arteriovenosas para hemodiálisis realizada la cirugía en el hospital Victoria Mahe de islas Seychelles en dos años, el diagnóstico fue clínico y ultrasonográfico. Se encontró un paciente diabético de edad avanzada con pseudoaneurismas de la arteria de la fístula luego de su ligadura a nivel del codo; uno con múltiples aneurismas venosos en una fístula de más de cinco años de evolución y cuatro pacientes con pseudoaneurismas de la vena por ruptura de las fístulas. Es importante no solo hacer un acceso vascular para diálisis, sino cuidar del mismo para evitar que aparezcan los aneurismas y pseudoaneurismas, para ello: rotar los sitios de punción, evitar la hipotensión severa, educar a los pacientes sobre lo que no deben hacer con el brazo de la fístula y realizar una buena asepsia y antisepsia antes de iniciar la diálisis para evitar la sépsis y con ello otras complicaciones, y preparar al personal de enfermería que realizará el proceder(AU)


The ideal vascular access should provide adequate flow to meet dialysis requirements, should be long lasting and also have a low rate of complications. Autologous fistula is considered the first choice for vascular access in hemodialysis. If the causes of aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms of fistulae are well known, they are very unusual and so, it is important to know why they occur. Several cases of aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms of fistulae, their causes and how to prevent them were shown. Six cases with arteriovenous fistulae for hemodialysis were presented; the surgery was performed in "Victoria Mahe" Hospital in Seychelles islands in two years, the diagnosis was clinical and ultrasonographic. There were one elderly diabetic patient with pseudo-aneurysm in the artery of the fistula after ligation at the elbow, one with multiple venous aneurysms in a fistula of over 5 years of progression and four patients with vein pseudo-aneurysms due to fistula rupture. It is very important not only to make a vascular access for dialysis, but also to take care of it so as to avoid aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms. To this end, it is advisable to rotate the puncture sites, to severe hypotension, to educate patients about what should not be done with the fistula arm, to perform good aseptic- antiseptic actions before starting dialysis to prevent sepsis and other complications and to prepare nurses to conduct the procedure(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Arteriovenous Fistula/surgery , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Renal Dialysis/methods , Arteriovenous Fistula/complications , Case Reports
10.
Rev cuba angiol y cir vasc ; 16(2)jul.-dic. 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-62544

ABSTRACT

El acceso vascular ideal debe proporcionar un flujo adecuado a las necesidades de la diálisis, debe ser de larga duración y tener una baja tasa de complicaciones. La realización de una fístula autóloga se considera de primera elección como acceso vascular para la hemodiálisis. Si bien se conocen las causas de los aneurismas y pseudoaneurismas de las fistulas, estos son muy pocos frecuentes y por ello es importante conocer que aparecen. Mostramos varios casos de aneurismas y pseudoaneurismas de las fístulas, causas y que hacer para evitarlos. Se presentan seis casos de pacientes con fístulas arteriovenosas para hemodiálisis realizada la cirugía en el hospital Victoria Mahe de islas Seychelles en dos años, el diagnóstico fue clínico y ultrasonográfico. Se encontró un paciente diabético de edad avanzada con pseudoaneurismas de la arteria de la fístula luego de su ligadura a nivel del codo; uno con múltiples aneurismas venosos en una fístula de más de cinco años de evolución y cuatro pacientes con pseudoaneurismas de la vena por ruptura de las fístulas. Es importante no solo hacer un acceso vascular para diálisis, sino cuidar del mismo para evitar que aparezcan los aneurismas y pseudoaneurismas, para ello: rotar los sitios de punción, evitar la hipotensión severa, educar a los pacientes sobre lo que no deben hacer con el brazo de la fístula y realizar una buena asepsia y antisepsia antes de iniciar la diálisis para evitar la sépsis y con ello otras complicaciones, y preparar al personal de enfermería que realizará el proceder(AU)


The ideal vascular access should provide adequate flow to meet dialysis requirements, should be long lasting and also have a low rate of complications. Autologous fistula is considered the first choice for vascular access in hemodialysis. If the causes of aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms of fistulae are well known, they are very unusual and so, it is important to know why they occur. Several cases of aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms of fistulae, their causes and how to prevent them were shown. Six cases with arteriovenous fistulae for hemodialysis were presented; the surgery was performed in "Victoria Mahe" Hospital in Seychelles islands in two years, the diagnosis was clinical and ultrasonographic. There were one elderly diabetic patient with pseudo-aneurysm in the artery of the fistula after ligation at the elbow, one with multiple venous aneurysms in a fistula of over 5 years of progression and four patients with vein pseudo-aneurysms due to fistula rupture. It is very important not only to make a vascular access for dialysis, but also to take care of it so as to avoid aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms. To this end, it is advisable to rotate the puncture sites, to severe hypotension, to educate patients about what should not be done with the fistula arm, to perform good aseptic- antiseptic actions before starting dialysis to prevent sepsis and other complications and to prepare nurses to conduct the procedure(AU)

11.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 82(1): e98-e101, 2015 Jan.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24598790

ABSTRACT

Cervical artery fistulas are rare arteriovenous malformations. The etiology of the vertebral arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) can be traumatic or spontaneous. They tend to be asymptomatic or palpation or continuous vibration in the cervical region. An arteriography is necessary for a definitive diagnosis. The treatment is complete embolization of the fistula. We present the case of a two year-old male, where the mother described it «like a washing machine in his head¼. On palpation during the physical examination, there was a continuous vibration, and a continuous murmur in left cervical region. A vascular malformation in vertebral region was clinically suspected, and confirmed with angio-MRI and arteriography. AVF are rare in childhood. They should be suspected in the presence of noises, palpation or continuous vibration in the cervical region. Early diagnosis can prevent severe complications in asymptomatic children.


Subject(s)
Arteriovenous Fistula/diagnosis , Auscultation , Vertebral Artery , Child, Preschool , Humans , Male , Neck
12.
J. vasc. bras ; 12(3): 257-259, Jul-Sep/2013. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-695195

ABSTRACT

A 17-year-old male patient presenting with an abdominal gunshot wound and severe hypovolemic shock was initially operated and presented several injuries to the small bowel and cecum associated with severe hemorrhage. The patient had to be operated twice due to hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy. In the late postoperative period, murmur and fremitus were observed. Angiography revealed a pseudoaneurysm associated with arteriovenous fistulae at the left external iliac vessels. Lesions were repaired with a stent graft placed in the external iliac artery, with a satisfactory outcome. Control computed tomography performed 6 months later evidenced artery integrity with closure of the fistulae. Endovascular therapy should be the preferred method in this type of vascular trauma complications.


Um paciente do sexo masculino com 17 anos de idade apresentando-se com ferimento abdominal por arma de fogo e choque hipovolêmico grave foi inicialmente operado e apresentava várias lesões no intestino delgado e ceco associadas a hemorragia grave. O paciente teve que ser operado duas vezes devido a hipotermia, acidose e coagulopatia. No período pós-operatório tardio, foram observados sopro e frêmito. Angiografia revelou um pseudoaneurisma associado a fístulas arteriovenosas nos vasos ilíacos externos ao lado esquerdo. As lesões foram tratadas mediante a colocação de stent na artéria ilíaca externa, com desfecho satisfatório. Tomografia computadorizada de controle realizada após 6 meses evidenciou integridade da artéria, com o fechamento das fístulas. O tratamento endovascular deve ser o método de escolha nesse tipo de complicação vascular traumática.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Aneurysm, False/diagnosis , Aneurysm, False/therapy , Wounds, Gunshot/surgery , Arteriovenous Fistula/therapy , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/complications , Stents , Time Factors , Tomography, Emission-Computed/methods
13.
Radiol. bras ; 46(3): 168-172, May-Jun/2013. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-681921

ABSTRACT

Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome or hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia is an autosomal dominant vascular disease involving multiple systems whose main pathological change is the presence of abnormal arteriovenous communications. Most common symptoms include skin and mucosal telangiectasias, epistaxis, gastrointestinal, pulmonary and intracerebral bleeding. The key imaging finding is the presence of visceral arteriovenous malformations. The diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and can be confirmed by molecular biology techniques. Treatment includes measures for management of epistaxis, as well as surgical excision, radiotherapy and embolization of arteriovenous malformations, with emphasis on endovascular treatment. The present pictorial essay includes a report of three typical cases of this entity and a literature review.


A síndrome de Rendu-Osler-Weber ou teleangiectasia hemorrágica hereditária é uma doença vascular autossômica dominante com acometimento de múltiplos sistemas, cujo principal achado patológico é a presença de comunicações arteriovenosas anômalas. Os sintomas mais comuns são teleangiectasias cutaneomucosas e epistaxe, além de sangramento pulmonar, gastrintestinal e intracerebral. O principal achado evidenciado nos métodos de diagnóstico por imagem é a presença de malformações arteriovenosas viscerais. O diagnóstico é realizado por meio de critérios clínicos e pode ser confirmado por técnicas de biologia celular. O tratamento inclui medidas para controle da epistaxe, bem como remoção cirúrgica, radioterapia e embolização das malformações arteriovenosas, com destaque para o tratamento endovascular. Neste ensaio, apresentamos três casos típicos desta entidade com revisão da literatura.

14.
Acta paul. enferm ; 22(spe1): 515-518, 2009.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: lil-544673

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Identificar as necessidades de aprendizagem de profissionais de enfermagem na prestação de assistência aos pacientes portadores de fístula arteriovenosa (FAV) em hemodiálise, a fim de melhorar os cuidados prestados a estes pacientes. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com coleta de dados realizada por meio de questionário semi-estruturado entregue aos profissionais de enfermagem que atuavam na unidade de hemodiálise de um Hospital Base do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Do total de 43 profissionais, 36 (83,7 por cento) responderam a esse questionário. Resultados: Dentre os 36 participantes do estudo, 44,9 por cento apresentaram dificuldades na assistência prestada ao paciente portador de FAV, sendo 47,2 por cento em puncionar a FAV; 19,4 por cento na hemostasia após a retirada das agulhas; 19,4 por cento informaram ter dúvidas na orientação dos pacientes e 13,9 por cento relataram falta de habilidade quando a FAV apresenta hematoma. Conclusão: Foi possível conhecer as necessidades de aprendizagem na assistência de enfermagem ao paciente portador de FAV e elaborar um protocolo para a assistência de enfermagem, a fim de melhor os cuidados prestados a estes pacientes.


Objective: To identify the learning needs of professional nurses to provide quality care for patients with arteriovenous fistula (AV Fistula) for hemodialysis. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 36 professional nurses from the hemodialysis unit of a hospital in the State of São Paulo. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Initially, questionnaires were distributed to 43 nurses, but only 36 (83.7 percent) responded and returned the questionnaires. RESULTS: A great number of nurses (44.9 percent) reported to have difficulties in providing quality care for patients with AV Fistula. Difficulties were related to the access of AV Fistula for hemodialysis (47.2 percent), hemostasis of the site when withdrawing the needle after hemodialysis (19.4 percent) and lack of competency for the management of hematoma (13.9 percent), and patient's instructions and education (19.4 percent). Conclusions: Nurses had many learning needs to prepare them to care for patients with arteriovenous AV Fistula. This finding led to the development of a protocol to facilitated quality care nursing care.


Objetivo: Identificar las necesidades de aprendizaje de profesionales de enfermería en la asistencia a los pacientes portadores de fístula arteriovenosa (FAV) en hemodiálisis a fin de mejorar los cuidados prestados a estos pacientes. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal, cuya recolección de datos fue realizado por medio de un cuestionario semi-estructurado entregado a los profesionales de enfermería que actuaban en la unidad de hemodiálisis de un Hospital Base del interior del Estado de Sao Paulo. Del total de 43 profesionales, 36 (83,7 por ciento) respondieron el cuestionario. Resultados: De los 36 participantes del estudio, el 44,9 por ciento presentaron dificultades en la asistencia prestada al paciente portador de FAV, siendo el 47,2 por ciento en la punción de la FAV; el 19,4 por ciento en la hemostasia después del retiro de las agujas; el 19,4 por ciento informaron tener dudas en la orientación de los pacientes y el 13,9 por ciento relataron falta de habilidad cuando la FAV presenta hematoma. Conclusión: Fue posible conocer las necesidades de aprendizaje en la asistencia de enfermería al paciente portador de FAV y elaborar un protocolo para la asistencia de enfermería, a fin de mejorar los cuidados prestados a estos pacientes.

15.
Rev. Asoc. Med. Bahía Blanca ; 18(2): 31-42, oct.-dic. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: lil-620994

ABSTRACT

Estudio analítico, longitudinal y prospectivo de tres años de duración. Se incluyen 79 fístulas arteriovenosas y se estudian las variables edad, sexo, patología de base, antecedentes de DBT/HTA, tiempo en dialisis, tipo de FAV, semiología, tiempo de maduración y tiempo de duración...


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Catheters, Indwelling , Renal Dialysis , Arteriovenous Fistula
16.
J. vasc. bras ; 7(3): 267-271, set. 2008. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-500246

ABSTRACT

Em isquemia crítica sem leito arterial distal, um dos modos de irrigar o membro isquêmico é derivar o fluxo de maneira retrógrada através do sistema venoso. As primeiras tentativas de fístulas arteriovenosas terapêuticas datam do início do século passado. Realizadas na parte proximal dos membros inferiores, não obtiveram resultados favoráveis. A partir da década de 70, com os trabalhos pioneiros de Lengua, as fístulas passaram a ser estendidas até o pé, e os bons resultados apareceram em várias publicações. Os autores relatam a evolução de um caso de tromboangeíte obliterante submetida ao procedimento. Essa é uma cirurgia de indicação precisa, que requer estudo pré-operatório arterial e venoso e observância a detalhes de técnica operatória.


In critical ischemia without arterial run-off, it is possible to irrigate the ischemic limb by turning the course of the flow reversely through the venous system. The first experiments with therapeutic arteriovenous fistulas date from the beginning of the last century. They were performed in the proximal area of the lower limbs, but showed unfavorable results. Since the 1970's, with the pioneer studies of Lengua, fistulas started being extended to the foot and several publications have reported good outcomes. The authors report the evolution of a case of thromboangiitis obliterans which was submitted to the procedure. This is an accurate surgical procedure which requires arterial and venous preoperative study and the observance of technical operative details.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Lower Extremity/injuries , Arteriovenous Fistula/surgery , Arteriovenous Fistula/therapy , Ischemia/complications , Angiography/methods , Angiography
17.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 67(6): 714-716, nov.-dic. 2007. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-633495

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad de Rendu-Osler-Weber es una enfermedad autosómica dominante que se manifiesta por telangiectasias en piel y mucosas y malformaciones arteriovenosas en diversos órganos. El compromiso neurológico puede ocurrir por la presencia de malformaciones arterio-venosas cerebrales, hemorragia intracraneal, y más habitualmente por accidentes cerebrovasculares isquémicos y abscesos cerebrales secundarios a embolia paradojal, en pacientes con malformaciones arteriovenosas pulmonares. El absceso intramedular es una entidad rara, inusual como complicación de la enfermedad de Rendu-Osler-Weber. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 56 años de edad, con antecedentes familiares de enfermedad de Rendu-Osler- Weber, que ingresó a Terapia Intensiva con cuadriplejia aguda e hipoxemia, en quien se diagnosticó fístulas arteriovenosas pulmonares y un absceso intramedular cervical.


Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multiple skin and mucosal telangiectasis and multiorgan arteriovenous malformations. Neurological manifestations may occur because of cerebral arteriovenous malformations, intracranial hemorrhage, and most commonly by ischemic stroke and brain abscess secondary to paradoxical embolization in patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Intramedullary abscess is a rare, unusual condition, in Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome. We report the case of a 56 years old woman, with a familial history of Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome, admitted to intensive care with acute quadriplegia and hypoxemia. Our diagnosis was pulmonary arteriovenous malformations and intramedullary abscess.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Abscess/complications , Arteriovenous Fistula/diagnosis , Spinal Diseases/complications , Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic/complications , Abscess/diagnosis , Arteriovenous Fistula/surgery , Fatal Outcome , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Pulmonary Artery/abnormalities , Pulmonary Veins/abnormalities , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
18.
J. bras. nefrol ; 29(2): 64-70, jun. 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-606107

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A detecção precoce de disfunção nas fístulas arteriovenosas (FAVs) para hemodiálise (HD) auxilia na otimização da patência do acesso vascular. Segundo as diretrizes de acesso vascular da National Kidney Foundation, diversos métodos podem ser usados na detecção precoce de estenose, apesar de ainda não haver evidência estabelecida para todos os métodos em FAVs. Objetivo: Avaliar a acurácia do Exame Físico (EF) no diagnóstico de estenose das FAVs em comparação ao diagnóstico estabelecido pelo Ultra-som Doppler (UD). Material e Método: O estudo foi realizado em uma única unidade de HD. Um total de 84 pacientes participou do estudo (54% homens, idade média de 50,7 ± 12,7 anos, 24,9 ± 7,8 meses de idade das FAVs, 52% Radiocefálicas). A suspeita diagnóstica de estenose foi considerada como positiva quando no EF, à palpação, foi detectado: 1- frêmito de baixa intensidade na anastomose; 2- ou quando o frêmito apresentou apenas o componente sistólico (não-contínuo); 3- ou quando foi observado surgimento de novo frêmito no segmento venoso; 4- ou quando o pulso não foi suave e não colapsou com a elevação do braço; 5- ou quando o segmento venoso não se tornou hiperpulsátil com a oclusão manual do pulso. O EF foi realizado por um único médico nefrologista. O UD e o diagnóstico de estenose foram realizados por um único radiologista. A medida do Volume do Fluxo Sanguíneo (VFS) foi a primeira etapa do exame (UD), sendo mensurada em um ponto da veia que apresentava fluxo laminar. O diagnóstico de estenose foi considerado presente quando havia uma redução do lúmen maior que 50% e quando o valor do pico de velocidade sistólica na área da estenose duplicava em relação ao pico de velocidade sistólica da área adjacente normal. Foram calculadas sensibilidade (S), especificidade (E), valor preditivo positivo (VPP), valor preditivo negativo (VPN) e acurácia para o EF.


Introduction: early detection of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) dysfunction aids in optimizing vascular access patency in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Although there isno established evidence for all methods of surveillance in AVFs, the Vascular Access Guidelines of National Kidney Foundation recommends these methods forthe detection of stenosis in AVFs. Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of Physical Examination (PE) in the diagnosis of stenosis in AVFs compared to the diagnosis established by Doppler Ultrasound (DU). Materials and Methods: The study was performed in one HD unit. A total of 84 patients (54% male, 50.7 ± 12.7 yearsold, 24.9 ± 7.8 months of AVFs age, 52% Radiocephalics) were allocated. The diagnosis of stenosis was considered to be positive when in PE evaluation wasobserved: 1- a low intensity thrill at the anastomosis; 2- a thrill with only systolic component; 3- the presence of a new thrill in the venous segment; 4- a non-softpulse which did not collapse with arm elevation; or 5- a pulse which did not present hyper-pulsation with total occlusion of venous segment. The PE was performedby a single nephrologist and the DU exam by a radiologist. The measurement of blood flow volume (BFV) was the first stage of DU evaluation and was carried outin a location with laminar flow in the venous segment. The diagnosis of stenosis was positive by DU if a reduction in internal vessel diameter was higher than 50%and an increased systolic peak velocity was greater than 100% in the location of stenosis compared with the normal adjacent area. The sensitivity (S), specificity (E), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy were calculated for PE. Results: The diagnosis of stenosis was made in 50(59%) AVFs by DU. The mean BFV was 1684 ± 641ml/min for normal AVFs and 509 ± 151ml/min for AVFs with stenosis (p<0.0001). The suspected diagnosis was positive in 56 (66%) AVFs by PE.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Physical Examination/methods , Physical Examination , Constriction, Pathologic/diagnosis
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