Exploring determinants of sex and family history-based disparity in type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence among clinical patients.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents a multifaceted disorder characterized by intricate pathophysiological mechanisms, encompassing diminished insulin secretion, augmented hepatic glucose production, and heightened insulin resistance. This study aims to assess the sex (Male and Female only) and family history-based differences in the prevalence of T2DM and explore the determinants contributing to this disparity among clinical patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study encompassed a diverse pool of clinical patients, encompassing both individuals with diabetes and those without the condition, who had previously sought medical attention for clinical checkups at healthcare centers. The collected data included essential parameters such as blood pressure, weight, height, smoking habits, educational background, and physical activity levels. To ensure methodological rigor and data accuracy, blood pressure measurements adhered to the stringent guidelines set forth by the World Health Organization. RESULTS: Participants of the present study reported diabetes, among which notable findings emerged regarding health indicators. It was observed that the prevalence of high blood pressure, obesity, and high blood cholesterol exhibited a statistically significant increase among the female participants, underscoring the sex-based disparities in these health parameters. The male population aged 60 or older, the presence of a family history of DM accentuated this risk, resulting in a striking 3.1 times higher prevalence compared to females, who exhibited a 2.4 times higher risk (OR = 2.4, p = 0.0008). This intriguing relationship between diabetes and cholesterol levels was not limited to sex. Both male (OR = 2.47) and female (OR = 2.1) diabetes patients displayed highly significant associations with cholesterol levels. The risk of T2DM was significantly associated with triglycerides in both sexes (1.58 times higher in males, and 1.71 times higher in females). CONCLUSIONS: The significance of hypertension as a comorbidity in T2DM, highlighting sex-specific associations and the potential impact of a family history of diabetes on blood pressure. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering lipid profiles, obesity, and their sex-specific associations when assessing and managing diabetes risk. Comprehensive diabetes care should include strategies for lipid control, weight management, and cardiovascular risk reduction, tailored to the individual's sex and specific risk profile.

The interaction of perfluoroalkyl acids and a family history of diabetes on arthritis: analyses of 2011-2018 NHANES.

Whether a family history of diabetes (FHD) and exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are correlated with an increased risk of developing arthritis remains unclear. This cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the correlations between FHD or exposure to PFAAs and arthritis as well as their interaction using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). In total, 6,194 participants aged ≥ 20 years from the 2011-2018 NHANES were enrolled. PFAAs are a cluster of synthetic chemicals, including perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS). FHD was evaluated using self-reported questionnaires. Arthritis was classified into three types, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), and others, which were diagnosed using questionnaires. Generalized linear models (GLMs) were used to test the correlation between FHD and arthritis. To examine the joint effects of PFAAs and FHD on arthritis, interaction terms were applied in the GLM. Arthritis incidence was 26.7% among all participants. FHD was associated with both RA [OR = 1.70 (95% CI: 1.15-2.50)] and other types of arthritis [OR = 1.62 (95% CI: 1.21-2.16)]. However, the relationship between FHD and OA was not significant after adjustment (P = 0.18). Interaction outcomes indicated that higher PFDA levels increased the association between FHD and arthritis. FHD is associated with an increased incidence of arthritis, which may be increased by PFDA. Given the heavy burden of arthritis, preventive measures for arthritis and reduction of PFAAs exposure for patients with FHD are required.

Affected brother as the highest risk factor of type 1 diabetes development in children and adolescents: One center data before implementing type 1 diabetes national screening.

BACKGROUND: There is an increased risk for childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D) when T1D and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are reported in relatives. OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to evaluate current family risk factors for T1D development before implementing a national screening program for T1D. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A population of 879 Caucasian children and adolescents with T1D and 286 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. All participants completed the same questionnaire, which collected information about family history of diabetes over 3 generations. In statistical analyses, frequency tables and χ2 tests evaluated possible multicollinearity among risk factors that were significantly associated with the outcomes. RESULTS: Family history of diabetes was more frequent in controls (n = 75, 26.2%) than in patients with T1D (n = 146, 16.6%, odds ratio (OR) = 1.785, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.299-2.452, degrees of freedom (df) = 12.976, p = 0.004), especially with a family history of T2D (n = 62, 21.7% compared to n = 79, 9.0%, respectively, OR = 2.803, 95% CI: 1.948-4.034, df = 32.669, p < 0.001). Also, there was a tendency for the nuclear family of T1D patients to be more frequently affected by T1D (n = 74, 8.4%) than the controls (n = 15, 5.2%, OR = 1.605, 95% CI: 0.937-2.751, df = 3.081, p = 0.079). The risk of T1D was associated with the closest family members being affected and accelerated over generations. Indeed, it was highest in siblings, especially brothers (OR = 12.985, 95% CI: 0.782-215.743, Fisher's test: p < 0.001). A positive family history of T2D burden among second-degree relatives was 2.728 times more frequent in the control group than in the T1D group (OR = 2.728; 95% Cl: 1.880-3.962, p < 0.001). Furthermore, a positive family history of T1D among first-degree relatives was less frequent in the controls than in the T1D group (OR = 0.124; 95% Cl: 0.030-0.516, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: A family history of T1D, but not T2D, is a significant risk factor for T1D development. Indeed, the priority in screening for T1D should be given to first-degree relatives of T1D patients, starting from siblings.

Assessing Individuals Attending the Family Medicine Clinic for Periodic Health Examinations in Screening of Diabetes Mellitus.

PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate the presence and risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the factors affecting the risk in those who visited the family medicine outpatient clinic. METHODS: The present study included adult patients who presented to the outpatient clinic for periodic health examination between February 4, 2022, and April 4, 2022, and who had no known history of DM and were eligible for screening. Anthropometric measurements of the participants were made and their clinical and familial histories were taken in relation to DM. HbA1c and fasting blood glucose (FBG) tests were conducted for each participant. RESULTS: A total of 125 participants, 87 (69.6%) women and 38 (30.4%) men, were included in the study, and five (4%) participants had diabetes. The analysis of the independent risk factors associated with diabetes by multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of DM in the family increased the risk of having HbA1c ≥ 5.7% (OR: 3.441; 95% CI: 1.381-8,574; p=0.008). Among women, the waist circumference being > 95 cm was determined as a discriminating factor for HbA1c ≥ 5.7% (sensitivity: 61.54% and specificity: 68.85%). CONCLUSION: Accurate patient-centered risk assessments by family physicians can lead to positive lifestyle modifications in patients. For this purpose, family physicians should evaluate the patients for diabetes and its associated risk factors and encourage them to take measures in order to prevent diabetes.

Investigating the relationship between lifestyle factors, family history, and diabetes mellitus in non-diabetic visitors to primary care centers.

We investigated the risk levels associated with diabetes mellitus. They were assessed based on whether anyone in their family had a history of diabetes. The data collected are measurements of blood pressure, weight, height, and smoking habits, as well as physical activity and educational status. Based on the American Diabetes Association's (ADA) recommendations, the questionnaire included a diabetes risk assessment. The risk of diabetes was 76.3% among participants with a family history of diabetes. There is a 41.1% chance of diabetes among those participants whose fathers had diabetes, and a 39.3% chance of diabetes among those participants whose mothers had diabetes. Additionally, those participants who have siblings with diabetes were 24% at high risk for developing diabetes. The prevalence of the risk of having a family history of diabetes is higher in the women in the family (RR = 3.12; P = 0.0001) as compared to the men in the family (RR = 1.9; P = 0.0001). Risk of diabetes more in the male (1.13 times higher) in the current study based on the ADA scale. There is evidence that various factors, including lifestyle choices, physical attributes, and family history, influence the risk of developing diabetes in the current study. The results of the current study indicate that there is a strong association between patients with T2D and those who have a family history of diabetes. Considering Saudi Arabia's high diabetes risk, evidence-based lifestyle modifications are needed.

Assessment of the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among a Rural Population in South India Using the Indian Diabetic Risk Score.

Objective The objective of our study was to assess the risk for diabetes using the Indian Diabetic Risk Score (IDRS) questionnaire and compare the components of IDRS between the risk groups. Methods It was a cross-sectional study involving 270 male and female attendees who visited Melmaruvathur Adhiparasakthi Institute of Medical Sciences (MAPIMS) from December 2019 to May 2020. The diabetes risk was assessed using the IDRS questionnaire. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) was used for statistical analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results IDRS categorization showed 12.6%, 73.7%, and 13.7% in the low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk groups, respectively. Age, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the high-risk group when compared with the low-risk group. Subjects with a positive family history of diabetes and no/mild physical activity were higher in the moderate and high-risk group but there is no significant association present between them. Conclusion The current study estimates the effectiveness of IDRS in identifying people at high risk for diabetes in the community. This study also emphasizes the need for early identification of high-risk individuals and planning for the appropriate intervention to prevent, or delay, the onset of diabetes and thus reduces the burden of diabetes in India.

Association Between Family History of Diabetes, Irrational Beliefs, and Health Anxiety with 10-Year Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: the ATTICA Epidemiological Study (2002-2012).

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the relationship between family history of diabetes, irrational beliefs, and health anxiety in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHOD: ATTICA is a prospective, cohort study (2002-2012). The working sample included 845 participants (18-89 years), free of diabetes at baseline. Α detailed biochemical, clinical, and lifestyle evaluation was performed, while participants' irrational beliefs and health anxiety were assessed through the Irrational Beliefs Inventory and the Whiteley index scale, respectively. We evaluated the association between the participants' family history of diabetes mellitus with the 10-year risk of diabetes mellitus, both in the total study's sample and separately according to their levels of health anxiety and irrational beliefs. RESULTS: The crude 10-year risk of T2DM was 12.9% (95%CI: 10.4, 15.4), with 191 cases of T2DM. Family history of diabetes was associated with 2.5 times higher odds (2.53, 95%CI 1.71, 3.75) of T2DM compared to those without family history. Among participants with family history of diabetes, the highest likelihood of developing T2DM, regarding their tested psychological features (i.e., low/high irrational beliefs in the entire group, low/high health anxiety in the entire group, and low/high irrational beliefs, low/high healthy anxiety), had people with high irrational beliefs, low health anxiety (OR 3.70, 95%CI 1.83, 7.48). CONCLUSIONS: The findings underline the important moderating role of irrational beliefs and health anxiety in the prevention of T2DM, among participants at increased risk of T2DM.

Men With Both Diabetes and a Family History of Diabetes Were Associated With Depressed Mood in Korean Adults.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is strongly associated with depression, especially in women. This study was designed to investigate the gender-specific association between DM and depressive mood by family history of diabetes. Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a population-based cross-sectional survey in 2020, were used. Of 6,133 participants aged 19 years or older, 4,259 participants were included after excluding participants without data of laboratory or physical examination, medical or family history of diseases, or depression scores of Patient Health Questionnaire-9. We examined associations of glucose and insulin metabolism, and DM with depressed mood by sex and family history of diabetes using logistic regression analyses with three stepwise models. In men, fasting glucose and HbA1c (odds ratio [OR]: 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.10, 1.42]) levels were significantly associated with depressed mood. Men with DM and a family history of diabetes were also significantly associated with depressed mood (OR: 1.84, 95% CI: [1.12, 3.05]), whereas DM without a family history showed no association. In women, glucose and insulin metabolism had no associations with depressed mood, and DM was also not associated with depressed mood regardless of a family history of diabetes. In Korean adults, DM with a family history of diabetes and glucose metabolism showed significant associations with depressed mood in men, but not in women. Our results suggest that men with both DM and a family history of diabetes should be paid more attention to depressed moods, considering ethnic characteristics.

Serum and salivary adiponectin levels as predictive markers for diabetes mellitus in children with a family history of diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic, metabolic condition marked by defects in insulin production, action, or both. Environmental and genetic factors can contribute to the onset of diabetes mellitus. Adiponectin, a hormone affecting pancreatic beta cell proliferation, has emerged as a potential indicator of diabetes risk. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate serum and salivary adiponectin levels as predictors of diabetes mellitus in children with/without a family history of diabetes mellitus. The study was conducted at Al-Zahra Hospital in Najaf city and included 125 children aged 5 to 16. Data on demographics, including name, age, and gender, were collected, and body mass index (BMI) was assessed. Serum and salivary adiponectin levels were measured and analyzed in relation to family history and BMI. Children with a family history of DM had high serum adiponectin (ADP) levels. Serum adiponectin levels were significantly higher in children with first-degree relatives having a history of diabetes mellitus, except for cases involving mothers and other relatives with diabetes mellitus history (p<0.05). Furthermore, serum adiponectin levels were higher in obese children. Salivary adiponectin levels were significantly elevated in children with a maternal family history of diabetes (p=0.01), while no significant correlation was found with BMI. A significant negative correlation (r=-0.180, p=0.05) between salivary and serum adiponectin concentrations was observed. Compared to children with a normal, healthy weight, children with obesity had decreased salivary adiponectin levels and increased serum adiponectin levels.

Eight weeks of combined exercise training do not alter circulating microRNAs-29a, -133a, -133b, and -155 in young, healthy men.

PURPOSE: Individuals with a family history of type 2 diabetes (FH +) have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated as biomarkers of type 2 diabetes risk. Here, we investigated if four circulating miRNAs related to glucose metabolism were altered in men with a FH + and we conducted a preliminary analysis to determine if miRNA expressions were responsive to 8 weeks of combined exercise training. METHODS: Sixteen young healthy men (mean ± SD; age 22.5 ± 2.5; BMI 26.4 ± 4.0) with FH + or without a family history of type 2 diabetes (FH -) underweight 8 weeks of combined endurance and resistance exercise training (n = 8 FH -; n = 8 FH +). The expression of miR-29a, miR-133a, miR-133b, and miR-155 were measured in serum before and after exercise training. QIAGEN's Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis was used to examine miRNA target genes and their involvement in glucose metabolism signaling pathways. RESULTS: There were no differences in miRNA expressions between FH - and FH + . Exercise training did not alter miRNA expressions in either FH - or FH + despite improvements in insulin sensitivity, aerobic capacity, and muscular strength. miR-29a and miR-155 were inversely related to fasting glucose, and miR-133a and miR-133b were negatively correlated with glucose tolerance; however, correlations were not observed with insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: The circulating miRNAs- miR-29a, miR-133a, miR-133b, and miR-155 are related to measures of glucose metabolism in healthy, normoglycemic men, but do not reflect peripheral insulin sensitivity or improvements in metabolic health following 8 weeks of combined exercise training.

First-degree family history of diabetes is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease independent of glucose metabolic status.

BACKGROUND: The first-degree relatives of patients with diabetes (FDRs) share a common genetic background with patients with diabetes. Insulin resistance is recognized as a common contributor to diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The present study aimed to investigate the association between a first-degree family history of diabetes (FHD) and NAFLD and the influence of glucose metabolic status. METHODS: The present work analyzed a part of the baseline data of the REACTION study conducted in a community population. A total of 11,162 participants with an average age of 55.57 ± 9.66 years were enrolled, including 9870 non-FDRs and 1292 FDRs. First-degree FHD was defined as at least one patient with diabetes among parents, siblings or children. The fatty liver index (FLI) was calculated to identify NAFLD. RESULTS: The proportions of subjects without NAFLD, with intermediate FLI, and with NAFLD differed significantly between non-FDRs and FDRs (P < 0.001). FLI was one of the metabolic factors independently associated with first-degree FHD (P = 0.006). Multivariate variance analysis revealed positive associations of first-degree FHD and glucose metabolic status (both P < 0.001) with FLI, which were independent of each other (P for interaction = 0.182). Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis identified that first-degree FHD was independently and positively associated with FLI in men, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A first-degree FHD was an independent risk factor for NAFLD. Regardless of the status of glucose metabolism, FDRs were more susceptible to NAFLD.

Association of risk factors with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review.

Diabetes is the leading cause of severe health complications and one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. To date, diabetes has no cure, and therefore, it is necessary to take precautionary measures to avoid its occurrence. The main aim of this systematic review is to identify the majority of the risk factors for the incidence/prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus on one hand, and to give a critical analysis of the cohort/cross-sectional studies which examine the impact of the association of risk factors on diabetes. Consequently, we provide insights on risk factors whose interactions are major players in developing diabetes. We conclude with recommendations to allied health professionals, individuals and government institutions to support better diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.

Role of Metabolic Risk Factors, Family History, and Genetic Polymorphisms (PPARγ and TCF7L2) on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk in an Asian Indian Population.

INTRODUCTION: Women with family history of diabetes (FHD) are at significantly increased risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus which may eventually lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in later life. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the role of FHD on metabolic markers and gene polymorphisms and hence on T2DM susceptibility in nondiabetic pregnant women and the subsequent risks in their newborns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted on 200 healthy (nondiabetic and normotensive) adult Asian Indian women, including 100 with and 100 without FHD, living in and around Kolkata, India. During the gestational period, they were studied twice and followed up till delivery. During delivery, both mothers' venous blood and cord blood were collected to estimate serum CRP, glucose, and lipid profiles of the respective mothers and their newborns. Genotyping of PPARγ and TCF7L2 polymorphisms was done from these blood samples. RESULTS: A comparison of the metabolic variables among the subjects with and without FHD revealed significant differences among them. We also found close relationship between mothers and their newborn babies in terms of both PPARγ (rs1801282) C/G and TCF7L2 (rs7903146) C/T polymorphisms. More specifically, genotyping results for mothers with FHD and their newborn babies showed high concordance in inheritance of alleles: (i) for PPARγ via the risk allele G (74.0%) which is carried over to the newborn babies (64.5%) and (ii) for TCF7L2 via the risk allele T (73.0%) which is carried over to the newborn babies (68.5%). CONCLUSION: This study leads to the conclusion that Asian Indian women population based in Kolkata, India, are ethnically and genetically predisposed to the risk factors of diabetes through FHD, which is reflected in their gestational phase, and it has a significant implication on their birth outcomes.

Family history of diabetes determines the association of HOMA-IR with fasting and postprandial triglycerides in individuals with normal glucose tolerance.

BACKGROUND: Individuals with family history of diabetes carry nearly double the risk of diabetes than those without. However, the mechanism for this increased risk of diabetes in them is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: To study fasting and postprandial triglyceride levels in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) who had family history of diabetes and to ascertain their association with insulin resistance. METHODS: Fasting triglyceride levels and HOMA-IR were compared in 671 NGT individuals with and without a family history of diabetes. A standardized fat challenge test was also done in one tenth of individuals of each group and postprandial triglyceride responses were compared between them. Association of HOMA-IR with fasting and postprandial triglyceride levels was ascertained through pearson's coefficient of correlation. RESULTS: Individuals with family history of diabetes had significantly higher HOMA-IR (P < 0.001) and significantly higher postprandial triglyceride AUC (P = 0.04) after standardized fat meal despite having similar fasting triglyceride levels (P = 0.51) as those without family history of diabetes. Fasting as well as postprandial triglyceride levels significantly correlated with HOMA-IR (r = 0.35, P < 0.001 and r = 0.39, P = 0.04) only in those with a positive family history of diabetes but not in those without. Triglyceride levels mediated the associations of BMI (Δ ß = -0.053) and waist circumference (Δ ß = -0.075) with HOMA-IR. CONCLUSION: Triglyceride levels, both in the fasting and the postprandial state are associated with insulin resistance in NGT individuals with a family history of diabetes but not in those without.

Associations of early-life exposure to famine with abdominal fat accumulation are independent of family history of diabetes and physical activity.

The present study aimed to investigate the association of early-life exposure to famine with abdominal fat accumulation and function and further evaluate the influence of first-degree family history of diabetes and physical activity on this association. The present work analysed parts of the REACTION study. A total of 3033 women were enrolled. Central obesity was defined as waist circumferences (W) ≥ 85 cm. Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) was used to evaluate visceral adipose distribution and function. Partial correlation analysis showed BMI, W, glycated Hb and CVAI were associated with early-life exposure to famine (both P < 0·05). Logistic regression showed that the risks of overall overweight/obesity and central obesity in fetal, early-childhood, mid-childhood and late-childhood exposed subgroups were increased significantly (all P < 0·05). Compared with the non-exposed group, the BMI, W and CVAI of fetal, early- to late-childhood exposed subgroups were significantly increased both in those with or without first-degree family history of diabetes and in those classified as physically active or inactive, respectively (all P < 0·05). The associations of BMI, W and CVAI with early-life exposure to famine were independent of their associations with first-degree family history of diabetes (all P < 0·01) or physical activity status (all P < 0·001). Early-life exposure to famine contributed to abdominal fat accumulation and dysfunction, which was independent of the influence of genetic background and exercise habits. Physical activity could serve as a supplementary intervention for women with high risk of central obesity.

[Family diabetes and main noncommunicable diseases: The described and potential effect of metformin (remembering Vladimir Dilman).]

The work discusses the two biomedical problems: family diabetes (bearing in mind the presence of cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the family, including its different generations) and the features of relationship of family diabetes with major non-communicable human diseases (NCDs). The paper is timed to the anniversary of the famous - in our country and abroad - expert in the field of gerontology and endocrinology, Professor V.M.Dilman. The widely recognized works of V.M.Dilman, based on original ideas and giving rise to important practical consequences (including the use of antidiabetic biguanides in areas not studied before him, the need to eliminate metabolic immunodepression, to take into account the changes with age at the level of the hypothalamic threshold in various homeostatic systems and a whole number of other essential proposals), which for a long time, as it seems, will stimulate the further scientific search of his followers and specialists, who have yet to get acquainted with the area that attracted Prof. Dilman and interested him for many years.

Screening Model for Estimating Undiagnosed Diabetes among People with a Family History of Diabetes Mellitus: A KNHANES-Based Study.

A screening model for estimating undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (UDM) is important for early medical care. There is minimal research and a serious lack of screening models for people with a family history of diabetes (FHD), especially one which incorporates gender characteristics. Therefore, the primary objective of our study was to develop a screening model for estimating UDM among people with FHD and enable its validation. We used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). KNAHNES (2010-2016) was used as a developmental cohort (n = 5939) and was then evaluated in a validation cohort (n = 1047) KNHANES (2017). We developed the screening model for UDM in male (SMM), female (SMF), and male and female combined (SMP) with FHD using backward stepwise logistic regression analysis. The SMM and SMF showed an appropriate performance (area under curve (AUC) = 76.2% and 77.9%) compared with SMP (AUC = 72.9%) in the validation cohort. Consequently, simple screening models were developed and validated, for the estimation of UDM among patients in the FHD group, which is expected to reduce the burden on the national health care system.

The association between family history of diabetes mellitus and offspring long-term neurological hospitalisation.

AIM: The aim of the present study was to determine whether being born to non-diabetic mother with a family history of diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with higher rates of long-term neurological hospitalisations of the offspring. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all live births and paediatric hospitalisations at Soroka University Medical Center between 1991 and 2014 was performed. Family history of DM was collected from prepartum women using anamnesis. During the study period, 208 728 deliveries met the inclusion criteria, and of them 8.2% (n = 17 040) were of non-diabetic mothers with family history of DM. Rates of neurological hospitalisation with or without family history were analysed. RESULTS: Offspring born to non-diabetic mothers with family history of DM had higher rates of neurological hospitalisations. The cumulative incidence of long-term neurological hospitalisations was higher as compared with those without family history of DM (log-rank test P = .007). Neurological hospitalisations was higher by 13% in the study group, after controlling for confounders such as maternal age, maternal obesity, hypertensive disorders, birth weight and caesarean delivery. (adjusted odds ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.23). CONCLUSION: Being born to a non-diabetic mother with a family history of DM is independently associated with higher long-term neurological hospitalisations of the offspring.

Family history of diabetes in both parents is strongly associated with impaired residual ß-cell function in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients.

AIMS/INTRODUCTION: The objective of the present study was to clarify the association of the type and number of first-degree family history of diabetes (FHD) with the clinical characteristics, especially with residual ß-cell function, in type 2 diabetes patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1,131 type 2 diabetes patients were recruited and divided into four groups according to FHD information as follows: (i) patients without FHD (FHD-); (ii) those with at least one sibling who had diabetes without parental diabetes (FHD+); (iii) those with one parent (FHD++); or (iv) those with both parents (FHD+++) who had diabetes with or without a sibling with diabetes. RESULTS: The percentages of the FHD-, FHD+, FHD++ and FHD+++ groups were 49.4%, 13.4%, 34.0% and 3.2%, respectively. Patients in the FHD++ and FHD+++ groups were significantly younger at the time of diabetes diagnosis (P < 0.001) than those in the FHD- and FHD+ groups, even after adjusting for confounding factors. In addition, the levels of insulin secretion were significantly lower in the patients in the FHD+, FHD++ and FHD+++ groups than those in the FHD- group (P < 0.05) after adjusting for confounding factors, and the patients in the FHD+++ group presented with the lowest levels of insulin secretion among the four groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that in type 2 diabetes patients, the degree of the associations between FHD and clinical characteristics differs according to the number and the type of FHD. In particular, FHD in both parents is most strongly associated with impaired residual ß-cell function.