Competencia emocional y características sociodemográficas y profesionales de las enfermeras / Competência emocionais e características sociodemográficas e profissionais de enfermeiros / Emotional competence and sociodemographic and professional characteristics of nurses

Introducción: En los profesionales de la salud, las habilidades que les permitan lidiar con las emociones propias y ajenas garantizan la calidad de la atención brindada y una relación terapéutica eficaz. Por lo tanto, son fundamentales para los enfermeros, es decir, para aquellos que actúan en las unidades de salud de la familia. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la competencia emocional de las enfermeras que trabajan en unidades de salud de la familia en un grupo de centros de salud en el norte de Portugal y sus características sociodemográficas y profesionales. Método: Metodología cuantitativa, de tipo transversal descriptivo-correlacional. Datos recogidos a través de un cuestionario electrónico que constaba de dos partes: características sociodemográficas y profesionales de los participantes y cuestionario de competencia emocional. 66 enfermeras compusieron la muestra. Resultados: Las enfermeras del estudio mostraron altos niveles de competencia emocional (media = 205,1, desviación estándar = 20,9). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las características sociodemográficas y profesionales y la competencia emocional.Conclusiones: Aunque no está clara la relación entre la competencia emocional y las características sociodemográficas y profesionales, es cierta la importancia de la inteligencia emocional en la práctica asistencial. (AU)

Introdução: Em profissionais de saúde, competências que permitam lidar com as próprias emoções e com as dos outros garantem a qualidade dos cuidados prestados e uma relação terapêutica eficaz. Daí serem fundamentais para enfermeiros, nomeadamente para os que executem funções em unidades de saúde familiares. Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre a competência emocional dos enfermeiros das unidades de saúde familiar de um agrupamento de centros de saúde do norte de Portugal e as suas características sociodemográficas e profissionais. Método: Metodologia quantitativa, do tipo transversal descritivo-correlacional. Dados recolhidos através de um questionário eletrónico que consistia em duas partes: características sociodemográficas e profissionais dos participantes e questionário de competência emocional. 66 enfermeiros compuseram a amostra. Resultados: Os enfermeiros do estudo apresentaram elevados níveis de competência emocional (média = 205,1, desvio padrão = 20,9). Não se evidenciaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as características sociodemográficas e profissionais e a competência emocional. Conclusões: Apesar de não ser clara a relação entre a competência emocional e as características sociodemográficas e profissionais, é certa a importância da inteligência emocional na prática de cuidados. (AU)

Introduction: In health professionals, skills that allow them to deal with their own emotions and those of others guarantee the quality of care provided and an effective therapeutic relationship. Hence, they are fundamental for nurses, namely for those who work in family health units. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the emotional competence of nurses working in family health units in a group of health centers in the north of Portugal and their sociodemographic and professional characteristics.Method: Quantitative methodology, of the transversal descriptive-correlational type. Data collected through an electronic questionnaire that consisted of two parts: sociodemographic and professional characteristics of the participants and emotional competence questionnaire. 66 nurses composed the sample.Results: The nurses in the study showed high levels of emotional competence (mean = 205.1, standard deviation = 20.9). There were no statistically significant differences between sociodemographic and professional characteristics and emotional competence. Conclusions: Although the relationship between emotional competence and sociodemographic and professional characteristics is unclear, the importance of emotional intelligence in care practice is certain. (AU)

Um olhar sobre a autonomia: percepções de enfermeiras sobre suas práticas na atenção primária / A look at autonomy: nurses' perceptions about their practices in primary care / Una mirada a la autonomía: percepciones de los enfermeros sobre sus prácticas en la atención primaria

Objetivo: Analisar a percepção de enfermeiras sobre a autonomia no exercício de suas práticas no contexto da atenção primária à saúde. Métodos: Estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa que analisou 108 entrevistas realizadas com enfermeiras(os) das quatro capitais da região sudeste do Brasil. As entrevistas, guiadas por roteiro semiestruturado, foram gravadas e transcritas. Os dados produzidos foram tratados e explorados com auxílio do software NVIVO®. Resultados: A maior parte das participantes eram mulheres, brancas, residiam na mesma cidade onde trabalham, graduaramse em instituições privadas. Foram organizadas duas categorias: repercussões da autonomia e seus desdobramentos para a resolutividade das necessidades em saúde dos usuários; e (des)conhecimento sobre a regulamentação das práticas da enfermeira: desafios para a autonomia. Conclusão: As enfermeiras compreendem a importância da autonomia para suas práticas, mas enfrentam interferências no cotidiano do trabalho, tanto por parte da gestão, da estrutura dos serviços ou da necessidade do uso de protocolos que garantam o exercício de sua atividade profissional de modo autônomo. (AU)

Objective: To analyze nurses' perception of autonomy to exercise their practices in the context of primary health care. Methods: A descriptive study with a qualitative approach that analyzed 108 interviews carried out with nurses from the four capitals of the southeastern region of Brazil. The interviews, guided by a semi-structured script, were recorded and transcribed. The data produced were processed and explored with the help of the NVIVO® software. Results: Most of the participants were women, white, lived in the same city where they work, and graduated from private institutions. Two categories were organized: repercussions of autonomy and its consequences for solving users' health needs; and (lack of) knowledge about the regulation of nursing practices: challenges for autonomy. Conclusion: Nurses understand the importance of autonomy for their practices, but they face interference in their daily work, either by management, the structure of services or the need for protocols that guarantee the exercise of their professional activity. (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar la percepción de autonomía de los enfermeros para ejercer sus prácticas en el contexto de la atención primaria de salud. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo que analizó 108 entrevistas realizadas con enfermeros de las cuatro capitales de la región sureste de Brasil. Las entrevistas, guiadas por un guión semiestructurado, fueron grabadas y transcritas. Los datos producidos fueron procesados y explorados con la ayuda del software NVIVO®. Resultados: La mayoría de los participantes eran mujeres, de raza blanca, vivían en la misma ciudad donde trabajan y egresaron de instituciones privadas. Se organizaron dos categorías: repercusiones de la autonomía y sus consecuencias para la solución de las necesidades de salud de los usuarios; y (falta de) conocimiento sobre la regulación de las prácticas de enfermería: desafíos para la autonomía. Conclusión: Los enfermeros comprenden la importancia de la autonomía para sus prácticas, pero enfrentan interferencias en su trabajo diario, ya sea por parte de la dirección, la estructura de los servicios o la necesidad de protocolos que garanticen el ejercicio de su actividad profesional. (AU)

Competências auto percebidas pelos enfermeiros de família: Controlo e prevenção da infeção por Vírus Imunodeficiência Humana / Family nurses' self-perceived competencies: Control and prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection / Competencias autopercibidas por los enfermeros de familia: Control y prevención de la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana

Resumo Enquadramento: A infeção pelo Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (VIH) constitui um problema de saúde pública. O Enfermeiro de Família desempenha um papel significativo na Prevenção e Controlo da Infeção (PCI). Objetivo: Analisar a auto perceção dos enfermeiros face às competências que detêm na PCI por VIH e a sua relação com a formação na área. Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo e descritivo-correlacional. Amostra selecionada a partir dos enfermeiros de família da Administração Regional de Saúde do Norte que aceitaram participar no estudo. Utilizou-se um formulário que integrou a ECAPC-VIH_CSP. Recorreu-se à estatística descritiva e inferencial através do IBM SPSS Statistics, versão 25.0. Resultados: Os enfermeiros apresentaram um nível medio (M = 4,44 ± 1,24) de auto perceção de competências na PCI por VIH. Os enfermeiros com formação específica apresentam maior perceção da competência. Conclusão: Os resultados evidenciam um nível medio de competências na PCI por VIH auto percebidas pelos enfermeiros. Conclui-se da necessidade da formação dos enfermeiros para o desenvolvimento das competências para a qualidade e segurança na PCI por VIH.

Abstract Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is a public health issue. Family nurses play a significant role in HIV Infection Prevention and Control (IPC). Objective: To analyze nurses' self-perceived competencies in HIV IPC and determine their association with training in the area. Methodology: Quantitative and descriptive-correlational study. The sample was selected from family nurses from the Northern Regional Health Administration who agreed to participate. A form that included the ECAPC-VIH_CSP scale was applied. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics in IBM SPSS Statistics, version 25.0. Results: Nurses had an average level (M = 4.44 ± 1.24) of self-perceived competencies in HIV IPC. Nurses with specific training had higher self-perceived competence. Conclusion: The results show that nurses had an average level of self-perceived competencies in HIV IPC. Nurses require training to develop competencies in HIV IPC, improving the quality and safety of care.

Resumen Marco contextual: La infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) es un problema de salud pública. El enfermero de familia desempeña un papel importante en la prevención y el control de las infecciones (PCI). Objetivo: Analizar la autopercepción de los enfermeros sobre sus competencias en PCI del VIH y su relación con la formación en este ámbito. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo-correlacional. Muestra seleccionada entre los enfermeros de familia de la Administración Sanitaria Regional del Norte que aceptaron participar en el estudio. Se utilizó un formulario que integró el ECAPC-VIH_CSP. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva e inferencial a través del IBM SPSS Statistics, versión 25.0. Resultados: Los enfermeros presentaron un nivel medio (M = 4,44 ± 1,24) de autopercepción de competencias en la PCI del VIH. Los enfermeros con formación específica mostraron una mayor percepción de la competencia. Conclusión: Los resultados mostraron un nivel medio de competencias autopercibidas en la PCI del VIH entre el personal de enfermería. Se concluye que es necesario formar al personal de enfermería para que desarrolle competencias de calidad y seguridad en la PCI del VIH.

Utilização da telenfermagem por enfermeiras durante a pandemia da covid-19 / Use of telenursing by nurses during the covid-19 pandemic / Uso de la teleenfermería por parte de las enfermeras durante la pandemia de covid-19

Objetivo: conhecer as perspectivas de enfermeiras sobre a utilização da telenfermagem durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: estudo exploratório e qualitativo, realizado entre os meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2021, em um município de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se entrevistas individuais, analisadas por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo sob a luz da teoria das transições de Afaf Ibrahim Meleis. Resultados: as participantes mostraram-se receptivas à telenfermagem, porém a baixa acessibilidade e o desconhecimento acerca deste recurso pela população podem influenciar na aplicabilidade e no alcance. Em contrapartida, houveram participantes que destacaram a importância do cuidado presencial associado à telenfermagem. Na condição de pacientes, as enfermeiras não foram unânimes em relação à sua aceitação. Conclusão: as participantes reconhecem a otimização que a tecnologia pode oferecer, porém, dada a incipiência da inserção da telenfermagem no contexto brasileiro e a modos particularidades de compreender a necessidade de avanço e aprimoramento de práticas, há uma parcela que apresenta ainda dificuldades nesse processo de transição quer seja para a concretização dessa forma de assistência como na utilização para seus cuidados pessoais. (AU)

Objective: to know the perspectives of nurses on the use of telenursing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: exploratory and qualitative approach, carried out between January and February 2021, in a municipality of Mato Grosso, Brazil. For data collection, individual interviews were used, analyzed using the content analysis technique under the light of Afaf Ibrahim Meleis' theory of transitions. Results: the participants were receptive to telenursing, but the low accessibility and lack of knowledge about this resource by the population can influence its applicability and reach. On the other hand, there were participants who highlighted the importance of face-to-face care associated with telenursing. As patients, nurses were not unanimous about their acceptance. Conclusion:: the participants recognize the optimization that technology can offer, however, given the incipience of the insertion of telenursing in the Brazilian context and the particular ways of understanding the need to advance and improve practices, there is a portion that still presents difficulties in this process transition, whether for the realization of this form of assistance or in the use for their personal care. (AU)

Objetivo: conocer las perspectivas de los enfermeros sobre el uso de la teleenfermería durante la pandemia de Covid 19. Métodos: estudio exploratorio y cualitativo, realizado entre enero y febrero de 2021, en un municipio de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron entrevistas individuales, analizadas mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido a la luz de la teoría de las transiciones de Afaf Ibrahim Meleis. Resultados: los participantes se mostraron receptivos a la teleenfermería, pero la baja accesibilidad y el desconocimiento de este recurso por parte de la población pueden influir en su aplicabilidad y alcance. Por otro lado, hubo participantes que destacaron la importancia de la atención presencial asociada a la teleenfermería. Como pacientes, las enfermeras no fueron unánimes en su aceptación. Conclusion: los participantes reconocen la optimización que la tecnología puede ofrecer, sin embargo, dado el inicio de la inserción de la teleenfermería en el contexto brasileño y las formas particulares de entender la necesidad de avanzar y mejorar las prácticas, hay una parte que todavía presenta dificultades en este proceso de transición, ya sea para la realización de esta forma de asistencia o en el uso para su cuidado personal. (AU)

Educational technology on tuberculosis: construction shared with Primary Health Care nurses / Tecnología educativa sobre tuberculosis: construcción compartida con enfermeros de la Atención Primaria de Salud / Tecnologia educacional sobre tuberculose: construção compartilhada com enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop, in a participatory way, an educational technology to assist nurses in the management of tuberculosis cases in Primary Health Care. Methods: methodological research with a qualitative approach. Data were collected between June and October 2022, in 25 Basic Health Units, with 41 nurses interviewed individually. Thematic content analysis was carried out to guide technology elaboration. Results: three empirical categories were organized, demonstrating the facilities and difficulties in tuberculosis management, the conceptions about educational technology as a facilitator of the teaching-learning process in Primary Health Care and participatory development of technology. Nurses were in favor of constructing an instructional guide technology, and made suggestions to encourage its creation and use in daily service routine. Final considerations: the participatory process made it possible to create technology to assist nurses in the teaching-learning process in Primary Health Care about caring for people with tuberculosis.

RESUMEN Objetivo: desarrollar, de forma participativa, una tecnología educativa para auxiliar a los enfermeros en el manejo de casos de tuberculosis en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: investigación metodológica con enfoque cualitativo. Los datos fueron recolectados entre junio y octubre de 2022, en 25 Unidades Básicas de Salud, con 41 enfermeros entrevistados individualmente. Se realizó un análisis de contenido temático para orientar la elaboración de la tecnología. Resultados: se organizaron tres categorías empíricas, demostrando las facilidades y dificultades en el manejo de la tuberculosis, las concepciones sobre la tecnología educativa como facilitadora del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la Atención Primaria de Salud y el desarrollo participativo de la tecnología. Los enfermeros se mostraron a favor de la construcción de una tecnología en forma de guía instructiva y realizaron sugerencias para incentivar su creación y uso en el cotidiano de los servicios. Consideraciones finales: el proceso participativo posibilitó la creación de tecnología para asistir a los enfermeros en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la Atención Primaria de Salud sobre el cuidado de las personas con tuberculosis.

RESUMO Objetivo: elaborar, de forma participativa, uma tecnologia educacional para auxiliar enfermeiros no manejo dos casos de tuberculose na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: pesquisa metodológica com abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados entre junho e outubro de 2022, em 25 Unidades Básicas de Saúde, com 41 enfermeiros entrevistados individualmente. Realizou-se análise de conteúdo temática para guiar a elaboração da tecnologia. Resultados: organizaram-se três categorias empíricas, demonstrando as facilidades e dificuldades no manejo da tuberculose, as concepções sobre tecnologia educacional como facilitadora do processo ensino-aprendizagem na Atenção Primária à Saúde e o desenvolvimento participativo da tecnologia. Os enfermeiros foram favoráveis à construção de uma tecnologia na forma de guia instrutivo, e teceram sugestões para incentivar sua criação e utilização no cotidiano dos serviços. Considerações finais: o processo participativo possibilitou criar a tecnologia para auxiliar enfermeiros no processo ensino-aprendizagem na Atenção Primária à Saúde sobre os cuidados à pessoa com tuberculose.

Quality assessment of prenatal and puerperium care

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate prenatal and puerperium care levels received and identify their association with sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to December 2020 and included women who gave birth at the Municipal Hospital of Fazenda Rio Grande, Paraná, Brazil. Data were collected through interviews and review of portfolios and medical records. The variables extracted from the prenatal protocols of Paraná and the Ministry of Health were grouped into five compliance indices: CI1 - clinical examination; CI2 - health education; CI3 - queries; CI4 - examinations and vaccines; and CI5 - postpartum appointments. Prenatal care was considered adequate when 80% or more adequacy was obtained. Results A total of 307 women participated in this study. Prenatal compliance was 16.6% considering the entire set of variables. The best performance was for CI4 (54.7%) and the worst for CI5 (13.3%). The lowest adequacy occurred among single women (10.9%) compared to those who lived with a partner (19.9%) (p=0.043) and among women with black/brown skin color (9.5%) compared to those with white/yellow skin color (20.3%) (p=0.016). Conclusion Most women did not receive adequate care, with those in situations of greater social vulnerability received worse quality care.

Family Nurse Practitioners: an exploratory study / Enfermera de Práctica Avanzada de Familia: estudio exploratorio / Enfermeiro de Prática Avançada da Família: estudo exploratório

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand Family Nurse Practitioners' practice, educational process and policy in the United States. Method: This is an exploratory, quantitative and qualitative study, developed in 2019 based on clinical observations and interviews with seven Family Nurse Practitioners in the state of New York. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed by the researcher through the observations made and also by the Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires software. The research was approved under Opinion IRB19-49. Results: Three content partitions emerged in the Descending Hierarchical Classification: 1) Being a nurse practitioner; 2) Educational paths and possibilities for action; and 3) Being political: a path to transformation. It was possible to describe skills and competencies considered outstanding in relation to other professional categories, points of improvement in their educational background and the importance of political representation and being active in role performance. Conclusion: This study highlights the similarities with the nurse working in Primary Care in Brazil and serves as a subsidy in the process of implementing this category in Brazilian Primary Care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender la práctica, el proceso educativo y la política de las Enfermeras de Familia de Práctica Avanzada en los Estados Unidos. Método: Estudio exploratorio, cuantitativo y cualitativo, desarrollado en 2019 a partir de observaciones clínicas y entrevistas con siete enfermeras de práctica familiar avanzada en el estado de Nueva York. Las entrevistas fueron transcritas y analizadas por el investigador a través de las observaciones realizadas y también por el software Interface de R pour Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionneires. La investigación fue aprobada bajo la Opinión IRB19-49. Resultados: Surgieron tres particiones de contenido en la Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente: 1) Ser Enfermero de Práctica Avanzada; 2) Rutas Educativas y posibilidades de acción; y 3) Ser político: un camino hacia la transformación. Fue posible describir competencias y habilidades consideradas sobresalientes en relación a otras categorías profesionales, puntos de mejora en su formación y la importancia de la representación política y ser activo en el desempeño de la función. Conclusión: La realización de este estudio destaca las similitudes con el enfermero que actúa en la Atención Primaria en Brasil y sirve como un subsidio en el proceso de implementación de esta categoría en la Atención Primaria brasileña.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender sobre a prática, processo educacional e política dos Enfermeiros de Prática Avançada da Família dos Estados Unidos. Método: Estudo exploratório, quanti-qualitativo, desenvolvido em 2019 a partir de observações clínicas e entrevistas com sete Enfermeiros de Prática Avançada da Família no estado de Nova Iorque. As entrevistas foram transcritas e analisadas pela pesquisadora mediante as observações realizadas e também pelo software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionneires. A pesquisa foi aprovada sob Parecer IRB19-49. Resultados: Três partições de conteúdo emergiram na Classificação Hierárquica Descendente: 1) O ser Enfermeiro de Prática Avançada; 2) Rotas Educacionais e possibilidades de atuação; e 3) Ser político: um caminho para transformação. Foi possível descrever competências e habilidades consideradas destaque em relação a outras categorias profissionais, pontos de melhorias na sua formação educacional e a importância da representação política e do ser ativo no desempenho da função. Conclusão: A realização deste estudo realça as similaridades com o enfermeiro atuante na Atenção Primária no Brasil e serve como subsídio no processo de implementação dessa categoria na Atenção Primária brasileira.

The Effect of an educational Intervention on Anxiety of Pregnant Women: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of study is the effect of educational intervention on anxiety of pregnant women. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study is done on the pregnant women referring to family physicians offices in Gerash City, Iran. 62 women were selected and divided into 2 groups (control and intervention). In intervention group the anxiety reduction training classes were held as a group discussion in 4 weekly 90-minute sessions. Control group received routine care. The anxiety assessment completed by two groups before and after the educational intervention. The measurement instruments included a demographic information questionnaire and the short form of the Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ-17). RESULTS: Comparison of the mean scores of different dimensions of pregnancy anxiety in the pre-intervention and post-intervention stages in the intervention group using paired t-test indicated a statistically significant difference in the dimensions Fear of childbirth, Fear of giving birth to a physically or mentally disabled child, Fear of mood swings and Fear of changes in marital relations (p < 0.05) in comparison with control group. CONCLUSIONS: Holding pregnancy-training classes using group discussion method is a good strategy to reduce anxiety in pregnant women. Therefore, it is recommended that this educational strategy classes be used with mothers from the second trimester of pregnancy in urban family physician centers or those referred to a nearby clinic.

The Effect of an educational Intervention on Anxiety of Pregnant Women: A Quasi-Experimental Study / El efecto de una intervención educativa sobre la ansiedad de las mujeres embarazadas: Un estudio cuasi experimental / O efeito de uma intervenção educativa na ansiedade de gestantes: um estudo quase experimental

Objective. The aim of study is the effect of educational intervention on anxiety of pregnant women. Methods. This quasi-experimental study is done on the pregnant women referring to family physician's offices in Gerash City, Iran. 62 women were selected and divided into 2 groups (control and intervention). In intervention group the anxiety reduction training classes were held as a group discussion in 4 weekly 90-minute sessions. Control group received routine care. The anxiety assessment completed by two groups before and after the educational intervention. The measurement instruments included a demographic information questionnaire and the short form of the Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ-17). Results. Comparison of the mean scores of different dimensions of pregnancy anxiety in the pre-intervention and post-intervention stages in the intervention group using paired t-test indicated a statistically significant difference in the dimensions Fear of childbirth, Fear of giving birth to a physically or mentally disabled child, Fear of mood swings and Fear of changes in marital relations (p < 0.05) in comparison with control group. Conclusion. Holding pregnancy-training classes using group discussion method is a good strategy to reduce anxiety in pregnant women. Therefore, it is recommended that this educational strategy classes be used with mothers from the second trimester of pregnancy in urban family physician centers or those referred to a nearby clinic.

Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de una intervención educativa sobre la ansiedad de las mujeres embarazadas. Métodos. Estudio cuasi-experimental realizado con la participación de mujeres embarazadas que acuden a las consultas de los médicos de familia en la ciudad de Gerash, Irán. Se seleccionaron 62 mujeres y se dividieron en 2 grupos (control e intervención). En el grupo de intervención, las clases de entrenamiento para la reducción de la ansiedad se impartieron en forma de debate grupal en 4 sesiones semanales de 90 minutos. El grupo de control recibió atención rutinaria. Los dos grupos completaron la evaluación de la ansiedad antes y después de la intervención educativa. Los instrumentos de medición incluían un cuestionario de información sociodemográfica y la forma corta del Cuestionario de Ansiedad Relacionada con el Embarazo (PRAQ-17). Resultados. La comparación de las puntuaciones medias de las distintas dimensiones de la ansiedad durante el embarazo en las etapas previa y posterior a la intervención en el grupo de estudio indicó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en las dimensiones Miedo al parto, Miedo a dar a luz a un niño discapacitado física o mentalmente, Miedo a los cambios de humor, y Miedo a los cambios en las relaciones conyugales (p < 0.05), en comparación con el grupo de control. Conclusión. La realización de clases de formación durante el embarazo utilizando el método de discusión en grupo es una buena estrategia para reducir la ansiedad en las mujeres embarazadas. Por lo tanto, se recomienda que esta estrategia educativa se emplee con las madres desde el segundo trimestre del embarazo en los centros de medicina de familia o a aquellas que sean derivadas a la consulta externa.

Objetivo. Avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção educativa sobre a ansiedade em gestantes. Métodos. Estudo quase experimental realizado com a participação de gestantes atendidas em consultórios médicos de família na cidade de Gerash, Irã. 62 mulheres foram selecionadas e divididas em 2 grupos (controle e intervenção). No grupo de intervenção, as aulas de treinamento de redução de ansiedade foram ministradas como uma discussão em grupo e em 4 sessões semanais de 90 minutos. O grupo de controle recebeu cuidados de rotina. Ambos os grupos completaram a avaliação da ansiedade antes e após a intervenção educativa. Os instrumentos de medida incluíram um questionário de informações sociodemográficas e a versão curta do Questionário de Ansiedade Relacionada à Gravidez (PRAQ-17). Resultados. A comparação das pontuações médias das diferentes dimensões da ansiedade durante a gravidez nas etapas antes e após a intervenção no grupo de estudo indicou diferença estatisticamente significativa nas dimensões; medo do parto, medo de dar à luz um filho com deficiência física ou mental, medo de mudanças de humor e medo de mudanças nas relações conjugais (p < 0,05), em comparação com o grupo de controle. Conclusão. A realização de aulas de capacitação durante a gravidez utilizando o método de discussão em grupo é uma boa estratégia para reduzir a ansiedade em gestantes. Portanto, recomenda-se que essa estratégia educativa seja utilizada com mães a partir do segundo trimestre de gestação em centros de medicina de família ou com aquelas que são encaminhadas ao ambulatório.

Characteristics of family nurse practitioners and their preparation for practice in rural vs urban employment settings.

BACKGROUND: Policymakers are increasingly interested in using nurse practitioners to provide health care to rural populations, yet little is known about their characteristics and preparation for independent practice. METHODS: We obtained data from the 2018 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses and compared characteristics of family nurse practitioners (FNPs) employed in rural areas versus those employed in non-rural areas. Regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the outcome variable of interest, preparation for practice and other covariates. FINDINGS: FNPs practicing in a rural setting felt less prepared for independent practice than their counterparts in non-rural settings except for those prepared with a doctoral degree. DISCUSSION: The majority of FNPs working in rural areas believed they were not as well prepared for independent practice. Because rural FNPs often practice autonomously and without medical back up, nursing educators need to educate FNPs with the skills and knowledge necessary to practice effectively in rural settings.

An Intervention Program Based on Regular Home Visits for Improving Maternal Breastfeeding Self-efficacy: A Pilot Study in Portugal.

BACKGROUND: In this pilot study, the breastfeed care plus intervention program was implemented to support women and their families in breastfeeding success. Primary interests were women's self-efficacy in breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding. METHODS: A pilot study was developed in the region of Aveiro-Portugal in two Family Health Units. The experimental and control groups consisted of sixteen women each, initially. Four home visits with assessment and guidance focused on breastfeeding support aimed at women and families were delivered in the experimental group, while the control group received conventional care. Both groups were followed between the 5th and the 120th day postpartum and were subjected to three evaluation moments. RESULTS: On the 120th day postpartum, eleven women completed the BCP intervention program (three women stopped breastfeeding), and nine women received conventional care (seven women stopped breastfeeding). Both interventions proved to be effective in improving the 'perception of breastfeeding self-efficacy,' with higher scores being found in the experimental group (p < 0.001). The proportion of exclusive breastfeeding was also higher in the experimental group. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE: The BCP intervention program, during the first 120 days postpartum, showed promissory results in improving 'perception of breastfeeding self-efficacy' compared to conventional care, favoring breastfeeding duration and exclusivity, and cumulative breastfeeding competence of women/families.

Desafios do profissional de enfermagem da estratégia de saúde da família: peça-chave não valorizada / Desafíos del profesional de enfermería de la estrategia salud de la familia: pieza clave no valorada / Challenges of the nursing professional in the family health strategy: adepreciated key piece

RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer como profissionais de enfermagem descrevem aspectos que interferem em sua atuação na Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório de cunho qualitativo com aporte na Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Participaram das entrevistas dez enfermeiras que atuam na Estratégia de Saúde da Família de três municípios do interior da Bahia-Brasil. A coleta foi realizada entre agosto de 2016 e agosto de 2017. Resultado: do processo de análise dos dados, emergiram três categorias que representam o modelo teórico intitulado "Desafios do profissional de enfermagem da Estratégia de Saúde da Família: peça-chave não valorizada": a) O vínculo com a Estratégia de Saúde da Família, que retrata o envolvimento afetivo que o profissional desenvolve com a comunidadee como serviço; b) Muitas atribuições; c) Pouca valorização, que representa as barreiras que o profissional enfrenta para a atuação na Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Considerações finais; o excesso de trabalho e a desvalorização profissional desmotivam, geram frustração, comprometem a atuação e saúde emocional dos profissionais de enfermagem que atuam na Estratégia de Saúde da Família.

RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer cómo profesionales de enfermería describen aspectos que interfieren en su actuación en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia. Método: estudio descriptivo, exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo y aporte en la Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos. Participaron de las entrevistas diez enfermeras que actúan en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia de tres municipios del interior de Bahía-Brasil. La recolección fue realizada entre agosto de 2016 y agosto de 2017. Resultado: del proceso de análisis de los datos,surgieron tres categorías que representan el modelo teórico titulado "Desafíos del profesional de enfermería de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia: pieza clave no valorada": a) El vínculo con la Estrategia Salud de la Familia, que retrata el envolvimiento afectivo que el profesional desarrolla con la comunidad y con el servicio; b) Muchas atribuciones; c) Poca valoración, que representa las barreras que el profesional enfrenta para la actuación en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia. Consideraciones finales: el exceso de trabajo y la desvalorización profesional desmotivan, generan frustración, comprometen la actuación y salud emocional de los profesionales de enfermería que actúan en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia.

ABSTRACT Objective: to know how nursing professionals describe aspects that interfere with their performance in the Family Health Strategy. Method: descriptive and exploratory study, with a qualitative nature, based on the Grounded Theory. Ten nurses who work in the Family Health Strategy from three municipalities in the hinterland of Bahia-Brazil participated in the interviews. The collection was conducted between August 2016 and August 2017. Result: the data analysis process gave rise to three categories that represent the theoretical model entitled "Challenges of the nursing professional in the Family Health Strategy: adepreciated key piece": a) The link with the Family Health Strategy, which portrays the affective involvement that the professional develops with the community and with the service; b) Many assignments; c) Little appreciation, which represents the barriers that the professional faces to work in the Family Health Strategy. Final considerations: work overload and professional depreciation demotivate, generate frustration andundermine the performance and the emotional health of nursing professionals who work in the Family Health Strategy.

Atuação do enfermeiro da Estratégia de Saúde da Família no cuidado da pessoa que faz uso de substâncias psicoativas / Role of the Family Health Strategy nurse in the care of the person who uses psychoactive substances

Introdução: a Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) é um dos integrantes da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS) e é considerado o serviço de porta de entrada dos usuários aos serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Nesse serviço, o enfermeiro é uma peça chave no cuidado a pessoa que faz uso de álcool e outras drogas, por possuir formação baseada nas ciências do cuidado humano, devido sua proximidade com os usuários do serviço e por ser o líder da equipe de saúde da família. Objetivo: analisar a atuação do enfermeiro da ESF no cuidado da pessoa que faz uso de Substâncias Psicoativas (SPA). Materiais e Métodos: trata-se de um estudo exploratório com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com enfermeiros da ESF, em um município de pequeno porte na região do Vale do Araguaia, no estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, no período de novembro a dezembro de 2021, por meio de questionário autoaplicável. Os dados coletados foram duplamente digitados no programa Excel e posteriormente transportados para análise no programa estatístico SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) versão 24.0, para medida de associação foi aplicado o Teste Exato de Fisher, considerando o intervalo de confiança de 95% e p valor de <0,05 e o odds ratio para avaliar razão de chance entre as variáveis. O estudo respeitou todos os aspectos éticos. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 16 enfermeiros, que atuam em Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) há mais de cinco anos (75%), que atendem demanda de pessoa que fazem uso de SPA (94%), que acreditam ser possível tratar e acompanhar esse perfil de usuários (94%) neste nível assistencial, porém não sabem conduzir o atendimento (63%). Além disso, a atuação junto a essa população gera pouca satisfação profissional (67%), sobrecarga de trabalho (53,3%) e até mesmo constrangimento (20%). No serviço foram identificados fatores que dificultam sua assistência (87,5%), assim como facilitadores que auxiliam nesse atendimento (75%). A presença de facilitadores da assistência a pessoas que fazem uso de SPA apresentou 33 vezes mais chance de serem identificados por enfermeiros que cursaram a disciplina sobre SPA na graduação. Reconhecer a presença de facilitadores esteve diretamente associado com a forma que o enfermeiro avalia sua atuação profissional frente à pessoa que faz uso de SPA e com o fato deles acreditarem que podem colaborar para amenizar os prejuízos do consumo de SPA dessa população. Considerações finais: diante do exposto, observou-se que os enfermeiros reconheceram o seu potencial de desenvolver um importante papel no cuidado a estes usuários, sendo possível tratar e acompanhar esta demanda, contribuir para reduzir os danos do consumo, e reabilitar estas pessoas. Porém refere à existência de desafios que dificultam esta atuação, com destaque ao despreparo profissional para atuar neste cenário

Introduction: the Family Health Strategy is one of the members of the Psychosocial Care Network and is considered the gateway service for users to the services of the Unified Health System. In this service, the nurse is a key player in the care of the person who uses alcohol and other drugs, for having training based on the sciences of human care, due to his proximity to the service users and for being the leader of the health. Objective: to analyze the role of family health strategy nurses in caring for people who use psychoactive substances. Materials and Methods: this is an exploratory study with a quantitative approach, carried out with nurses from the family health strategy, in a small municipality in the region of Vale do Araguaia, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, in the period of november to december 2021, through a self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were double-entered in the Excel program and later transported for analysis in the SPSS statistical program (Statistical Package for the Social Science) version 24.0. Fisher's exact test was applied to measure the association, considering the 95% confidence interval and p value of <0.05 and the odds ratio to assess the odds ratio between the variables. The study respected all ethical aspects. Results: The sample consisted of 16 nurses, who work in the family health strategy for more than five years (75%), who meet the demand of people who use psychoactive substances (94%), who believe it is possible to treat and follow this user profile (94%) at this level of care, but they do not know how to conduct the service (63%). In addition, working with this population generates little job satisfaction (67%), work overload (53.3%) and even embarrassment (20%). In the service, factors were identified that hinder their assistance (87.5%), as well as facilitators who help in this service (75%). The presence of facilitators of assistance to people who use psychoactive substances was 33 times more likely to be identified by nurses who took the discipline on psychoactive substances at graduation. Recognizing the presence of facilitators was directly associated with the way nurses assess their professional performance towards the person who uses psychoactive substances and with the fact that they believe that they can collaborate to alleviate the harm caused by the consumption of psychoactive substances in this population. Final considerations: given the above, it was observed that nurses recognized their potential to play an important role in the care of these users, making it possible to treat and monitor this demand, contribute to reducing the harm caused by consumption, and rehabilitate these people. However, it refers to the existence of challenges that make this performance difficult, with emphasis on the professional unpreparedness to act in this scenario

Processo de Trabalho de Enfermeiras na Atenção Primária à Saúde de Hipertensos e Diabéticos / Nurses' Work Process in Primary Health Care of users Hypertensive and Diabetics / Proceso de Trabajo del Enfermero en la Atención Primaria de Salud a Personas Hipertensas y Diabéticas

Objetivo: Esse estudo analisou o processo de trabalho de enfermeiras das equipes de Saúde da Família na atenção aos usuários com hipertensão e/ou diabetes. Método: Realizado num município baiano, em setembro/outubro de 2017, a produção de dados envolveu entrevista de nove enfermeiras, observação sistemática de quatro atividades e análise de documentos orientadores, buscando identificar suas práticas e o que compreendem como sujeito, objeto, finalidade e instrumentos do processo de trabalho. Foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Resultados: Entre as práticas de atenção à saúde destaca-se a consulta de enfermagem. Como sujeito identificou-se equipe de saúde, gestão e usuários; o objeto compreende o usuário e suas demandas; a finalidade envolve a prevenção de doenças e danos, promoção da saúde, qualidade de vida do usuário, educação em saúde, adesão ao tratamento e melhora de quadro clínico; e os instrumentos consistem nas atividades educativas, consultas individuais e coletivas, acolhimento, conhecimento e registros. Conclusão: Constatou-se que o processo de trabalho das enfermeiras sofre influência de diversos fatores externos e se mostra confuso e desorganizado, sem clareza quanto a seu objeto de trabalho e objetivo a ser alcançado, e sobre os documentos que devem orientar sua prática na Atenção Básica.

Objective: This study analyzed the work process of nurses from the Family Health teams in caring for users with hypertension and/or diabetes. Method: Held in a municipality in Bahia, in September/October 2017, the production of data involved interviewing nine nurses, systematic observation of four activities and analysis of guiding documents, seeking to identify their practices and what they understand as subject, object, purpose and work process instruments. Content analysis, thematic modality, was used. Results: Among the health care practices, the nursing consultation stands out. As a subject, the health team, management and users were identified; the object understands the user and their demands; the purpose involves disease and damage prevention, health promotion, user's quality of life, health education, treatment adherence and clinical improvement; and the instruments consist of educational activities, individual and collective consultations, reception, knowledge and records. Conclusion: It was found that the work process of nurses is influenced by several external factors and is confused and disorganized, without clarity about their work object and objective to be achieved, and about the documents that should guide their practice in care Basic.

Objetivo: Este estudio analizó el proceso de trabajo de los enfermeros de los equipos de Salud de la Familia en el cuidado de los usuarios con hipertensión y/o diabetes. Método: Realizada en un municipio de Bahía, en septiembre/octubre de 2017, la producción de datos implicó entrevistas a nueve enfermeros, observación sistemática de cuatro actividades y análisis de documentos orientadores, buscando identificar sus prácticas y lo que entienden como sujeto, objeto, finalidad e instrumentos de proceso de trabajo. Se utilizó el análisis de contenido, modalidad temática. Resultados: Entre las prácticas de atención a la salud, se destaca la consulta de enfermería. Como tema se identificó al equipo de salud, gerencia y usuarios; el objeto comprende al usuario y sus demandas; la finalidad involucra la prevención de enfermedades y daños, la promoción de la salud, la calidad de vida del usuario, la educación en salud, la adherencia al tratamiento y la mejora clínica; y los instrumentos consisten en actividades educativas, consultas individuales y colectivas, recepción, conocimiento y registros. Conclusión: Se constató que el proceso de trabajo de los enfermeros está influenciado por varios factores externos y es confuso y desorganizado, sin claridad sobre su objeto de trabajo y objetivo a alcanzar, y sobre los documentos que deben orientar su práctica en el cuidado básico.

Efficacy of distant curricular models: Comparing hybrid versus online with residency outcomes in nurse practitioner education.

BACKGROUND: Nurse practitioner programs increasingly incorporate distant learning. Challenges establishing workforce preparedness and clinical competency are well documented in distance education literature. An evidence gap exists establishing the efficacy of online course delivery modalities. OBJECTIVE: To determine if an online clinical training program with required residencies is an effective delivery modality in nurse practitioner education. METHODS: This observational, cohort research evaluates distant learning by comparing student cohort outcomes from a successful hybrid family nurse practitioner (FNP) program to student cohort outcomes from an online with residency requirement program. Mixed methods, comparative research examine a convenience sample of 98 FNP students. Quantitative measures include 5 summative simulation based experiences, national certification exam pass rates, and an indirect student survey. Statistical analyses include equivalence tests with Bonferroni corrections for multiple comparisons and Pearson Chi-square test for independence. Qualitative analysis employs a short answer question, open-coded for thematic analysis, to assess curricular model perceptions. RESULTS: Analyses demonstrate no practical difference, broad statistical equivalency across 6 of 7 quantitative measures, and identify qualitative similarities in thematic analyses across cohorts. CONCLUSION: This study supports equivalency in outcomes between hybrid and online with residency course delivery models when curricular and clinical competency assessments are uniformly implemented. This research suggests the impact of curricular delivery modality is low.

Development of collaborative family nurse practitioner education using physician preceptors: A focused critical ethnographic study.

BACKGROUND: Global oppressive power structures in healthcare systems and between professions hinder care delivery. The family nurse practitioner is a new role in Israel. Through an innovative international collaborative education partnership, 19 Israeli nurses were trained as family nurse practitioners. Israeli physician preceptors integrated them into a national health maintenance organization despite national and organizational resistance. OBJECTIVES: Explore Israeli physicians' experiences while providing clinical mentorship to family nurse practitioners and develop strategies for the implementation of the new community role. DESIGN: Qualitative focused critical ethnographic approach. PARTICIPANTS: Eleven Israeli physician preceptors were recruited from a larger pool of 50. METHODS: Physicians were interviewed via recorded phone calls and asked open-ended questions about precepting family nurse practitioners. Observations of the program were included from the year prior to the interviews. Data were analyzed using Carspecken's five steps for critical ethnographic approach. RESULTS: Three categories for transforming the current status were identified: role clarification, logistics, and collaborative education. Exemplar cases described collaborative practice regarding measurable outcomes. Learning happened through "shadowing" and "coaching" techniques. Findings led to the Collaborative Team Development Illustration which mirrors current recommendations from the World Health Organization and Institute of Medicine. CONCLUSIONS: The Collaborative Team Development Illustration offers a structured strategy for advocacy and transformation in other oppressive health systems considering introducing nurse practitioners. This paper provides evidence that physician participants believed partnerships with nurse practitioners could improve patient care delivery. We hope this research will contribute to changing power relations in healthcare and improve outcomes. This may offer hope for integration of family nurse practitioners in countries that currently do not support advanced practice nursing roles.

A family nurse-led intervention for reducing health services' utilization in individuals with chronic diseases: The ADVICE pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: Intensive health services' utilization is common in older individuals affected by chronic diseases. This study assessed whether a structured family nurse-led educational intervention would be effective in reducing health services' use (readmissions and/or emergency service access) among older people affected by chronic conditions. METHODS: This is a non-randomized before-after pilot study. A sample of 78 patients was recruited from two general practices in Italy and 70 among them were followed for 8 months. Standard home care was provided during the first four months' period (months 1-4), followed by the educational intervention until the end of the study (months 5-8). The intervention, based on the teach-back method, consisted of by-weekly 60-min home sessions targeting aspects of the disease and its treatment, potential complications, medication adherence, and health behaviours. Rates of health services' use were collected immediately before (T0), and after the interventions (T1). Differences in utilization rates were examined by the McNemar's test. Potential factors associated with the risk of health services' use were explored with a Cox proportional hazard regression model. RESULTS: The sample (n = 78) was predominantly female (n = 50, 64.1%), and had a mean age of 76.2 (SD = 4.8) years. Diabetes mellitus was the most frequent disease (n = 27, 34.6%). McNemar's test indicated a significant reduction in health services' use at T1 (McNemar χ 2 = 28.03, P < 0.001). Cox regressions indicated that time and patient education, as well as their interaction, were the only variables positively associated with the probability of health services' use. CONCLUSION: A teach-back intervention led by a family nurse practitioner has the potential to reduce health services' use in older patients with chronic diseases.

Effectiveness of a home-based nursing support and cognitive restructuring intervention on the quality of life of family caregivers in primary care: A pragmatic cluster-randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Caregivers of patients with chronic conditions or disability experience fatigue, burden and poor health-related quality of life. There is evidence of the effectiveness of support interventions for decreasing this impact. However, little is known about the benefits of home-based nursing intervention in primary health care. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of a home-based, nurse-led-intervention (CuidaCare) on the quality of life of caregivers of individuals with disabilities or chronic conditions living in the community, measured at 12-month follow-up. METHODS: A pragmatic, two-arm, cluster-randomized controlled trial with a 1-year follow-up period was performed between June 2013 and December 2015. Consecutive caregivers aged 65 years or older, all of whom assumed the primary responsibility of caring for people with disabling conditions for at least 6 months a year, were recruited from 22 primary health care centers. Subsequently, 11 centers were randomly assigned to usual care group, and 11 were assigned to the intervention group. The caregivers in the intervention group received the usual care and additional support (cognitive restructuring, health education and emotional support). The primary outcome was quality of life, assessed with the EQ-5D instrument (visual analog scale and utility index score); the secondary outcome variables were perception of burden, anxiety, and depression. Data were collected at baseline, at the end of the intervention, and at the 6- and 12-month follow-up visits. We analyzed the primary outcome as intention-to-treat, and missing data were added using the conditional mean single imputation method. RESULTS: A total of 224 caregivers were included in the study (102 in the intervention group and 122 in the usual care group). Generalized Estimating Equation models showed that the CuidaCare intervention was associated with a 5.46 point (95% CI: 2.57; 8.35) change in the quality of life, as measured with the visual analog scale adjusted for the rest of the variables at 12 months. It also produced an increase of 0.04 point (95% CI: 0.01; 0.07) in the utilities. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups at 12 months with respect to the secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that incorporating a home-based, nurse-led-intervention for caregivers into primary care can improve the health-related quality of life of caregivers of patients with chronic or disabling conditions.

Lack of pediatric mental health clinical experiences among FNP students.

BACKGROUND: Mental health disorders accounted for approximately 5% of outpatient child and adolescent visits between 2008 and 2011, and 34.8% of these children were seen by a primary care provider. As primary care providers, family nurse practitioners (FNP) are positioned to address mental health issues across the lifespan; however, they require appropriate training and experience. AIM: The study examined pediatric mental health assessment clinical experiences in a national survey of FNP students. METHODS: A secondary analysis was performed on a data set of FNP students (N = 3940). Frequencies and chi-square analyses were performed to examine pediatric mental health assessment clinical experiences. RESULTS: Nearly 30% (n = 1118) of FNP students reported experiencing two or fewer pediatric mental health assessments during their clinical rotations. More than half (53%) of these students were required to set up their own preceptors and clinical sites. CONCLUSION: Despite the growing need for mental health care in the U.S, students reported lacking pediatric mental health assessment clinical opportunities. Moreover, students who set up their own clinical sites and preceptors were even less likely to assess pediatric patients' mental health. FNP educators and programs are encouraged to provide students with the support and opportunity for adequate pediatric practice, including mental health assessment.