Effects of sexual orientation-based prejudice and discrimination in family of origin on depressive symptoms and life satisfaction in a Chinese sample: Reciprocal and authoritarian filial piety as moderators.

Experiencing prejudice and discrimination from family has been found to be positively associated with mental health problems among sexual minorities. Emerging evidence also shows the value of contextualizing the internalization of minority stress by considering individual cultural factors, such as filial piety. We examined whether authoritarian filial piety (AFP) and reciprocal filial piety (RFP) moderated the link between distal stressors in one's family and mental health outcomes. A total of 362 (56.9% male; age: M = 24.55, SD = 6.60) Chinese lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer/questioning, and other non-heterosexual (LGBQ+) individuals participated in this study. They provided demographic information and completed a battery of measures for AFP and RFP, sexual orientation-based prejudice and discrimination in family of origin (SOPDF), depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction. Structural equation modeling results showed that SOPDF had a positive and negative link with depressive symptoms and life satisfaction, respectively. In addition, we identified AFP and RFP as significant moderators for the association between SOPDF and depressive symptoms, and the association between SOPDF and life satisfaction, respectively. Specifically, the positive effect of SOPDF on depressive symptoms was greater for participants with higher levels of AFP; the negative effect of SOPDF on life satisfaction was greater for participants who endorsed higher levels of RFP. Our findings corroborated past studies' conclusion about the detrimental impact of familial sexual stigma on LGBQ+ people's mental health. Furthermore, such impact on negative and positive mental health outcomes are respectively conditioned by the degree to which LGBQ+ individuals endorse AFP and RFP. These findings underscore the importance for therapists who endorse family therapy to help LGBQ+ clients navigate familial sexual stigma and consider the role of filial piety beliefs in shaping the impact of familial sexual stigma on these clients' mental health.

The role of emotional dysregulation in the association between family-of-origin conflict and romantic relationship maintenance.

Family-of-origin systems are consequential for the emotional well-being of offspring. These influences are likely to last into adulthood, affecting adult children's romantic relationships. The mechanisms by which family-of-origin environments influence adult romantic relationships are not fully understood. In a sample of 118 different-sex couples, we tested the effects of negative family-of-origin conflict on adult offspring's provision of relationship maintenance to their romantic partner using structural equation modeling. We evaluated emotional dysregulation as a mediator of this effect, using two measures of emotional dysregulation. Results from structural models demonstrated a negative effect of family-of-origin conflict on the provision of relationship maintenance via higher levels of emotional dysregulation. Our results highlight emotional self-regulation as a valuable intervention point for couple therapists.

Unraveling the link between family of origin and parental responsiveness toward own child.

This study investigates the influence of family of origin on parental responsiveness toward own child, taking into account gender differences. A total of 110 triads of mothers, fathers, and their first child aged 6-10 months participated in the standardized Free Play procedure. Parental responsiveness was assessed through observational measures (using Ainsworth procedure) and self-reported scales (Parental Responsiveness Scale). Results revealed correlations between objectively assessed responsiveness and self-reported parental styles in the family of origin, separately for mothers and fathers. Among mothers having daughters, parental sensitivity (an important aspect of observationally measured responsiveness) was positively correlated with having had a liberal loving mother and a negative correlation with an autocratic mother. Cooperation (another aspect of observationally measured responsiveness) was correlated positively with having had a liberal loving mother. Meanwhile, having a liberal unloving mother predicted lover sensitivity and cooperation. Similar correlations were not observed for mothers having sons. Among fathers having daughters, both aspects of observed responsiveness were positively correlated with having had a democratic father and negatively with autocratic or liberal unloving parents. Moreover, having a liberal unloving father and autocratic mother predicted their lower responsiveness toward daughters. These findings highlight the role of family dynamics in shaping parental responsiveness and emphasize the importance of understanding these dynamics in promoting responsive parenting.

Associations between early family environment and ideal number of children.

Childhood family is vital for the formation of fertility preferences and attitudes towards family life. Yet previous studies mainly focused on structural aspects of the family, whereas the role of perceptions of one's family in relation to fertility preferences remained largely understudied. This study examined how different aspects of the early family environment (i.e. relationships with parents, happiness in childhood, parental conflicts, family resources, as well as family structure) are related to the ideal number of children reported in adulthood. Using representative cross-sectional survey data from the Finnish Family Barometer 2015, the sample comprised men and women aged 20-45 with and without children. Poisson regression models indicated that a higher number of siblings was associated with a higher ideal number of children, whereas living in a single-parent household and overall negative perceptions of parents were related to a lower ideal number of children independent of various socio-demographic characteristics. Further analyses showed that these family characteristics were associated with the ideal number of children mainly among childless people but not among parents. The findings suggest that the early family environment is related to the formation of the ideal number of children, especially for childless people.

The long-lasting effect of early life family structure on social position, well-being, and biological condition in adulthood.

BACKGROUND: The absence of even one parent has short- and long-term effects on the child's current and future health. The purpose of the study was to determine whether there is a long-term relationship between the type of family in which men were raised and an individual's adult social position, well-being in adulthood and their biological condition regardless of social status in adulthood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data for 4528 males, aged 25-80 years, were selected from the archives of the Lower Silesian Medical Centre in Wroclaw, Poland. A total of 329 men declared that they grew up in incomplete families. Height, weight, % fat, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, blood parameters, and health of men who grew up in complete or incomplete families were compared. RESULTS: Growing up in an incomplete family reduced chances for better education, decreased life satisfaction in adulthood, and negatively affected the final height. After taking into account the education achieved, the effect persisted only for diastolic blood pressure, creatinine, and serum phosphorus levels. CONCLUSIONS: Growing up in an incomplete family has a significant impact on male's socioeconomic position (SES), life satisfaction, and final height. A poorer quality of diet is proposed as an early life risk factor for adult health.

From parentification to parenthood: caregiving responsibilities in childhood and childbearing desire in young adulthood.

INTRODUCTION: Childbearing and childrearing challenge parents' physical, social and emotional capacities. Childbearing motivations and desires are indicators of person's psychological readiness to meet these challenges and to establish a healthy bond with the child. Yet, much uncertainty still exists on how childbearing motivations and desires develop in the life course and to what extent early experiences in the family of origin contribute to their development. OBJECTIVE: The overall goal of the present study was to understand the relationship between early caregiving responsibilities (i.e. childhood parentification) in the family of origin and childbearing motivations and the desire to have a first child. METHODS: In the cross-sectional design study, childless Polish adults (N = 384; 20-35 years old) completed a set of self-report measures. Different dimensions of parentification experienced in childhood were measured retrospectively using the Parentification Inventory, and childbearing-related variables were assessed using the Childbearing Questionnaire. Data were analysed using mediation analyses. RESULTS: We found that past experiences of parent- and sibling-oriented parentification were positively associated with the desire to have a child, and these relationships were fully mediated by positive childbearing motivation. Further, our results showed that satisfaction with childhood caregiving responsibilities positively predicted childbearing desire, and this effect was partially mediated by positive and negative childbearing motivation. CONCLUSION: Individuals' early caring activities, especially when they evoke feelings of satisfaction and appreciation in the child, may play an important role in shaping childbearing motivations and desires that underlie their future reproductive behaviours.

El Ser del Terapeuta: A narrative examination into family-of-origin influence on the professional self of students in family therapy training in Colombia.

This qualitative narrative study aimed to examine how a family of origin influenced the professional self of Colombian students pursuing a profession in family therapy. Few research studies have investigated the development of self among native Spanish speakers from Colombia. Undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in clinical psychology and family therapy internships (N = 16) from the Colombian cities of Medellín, Pereira, and Santa Marta participated in this study. Data collection using personal diaries, family albums, autobiographies, and in-depth interviews served as sources for narrative analysis. Two themes and four subthemes representing positive and negative aspects of influences of families of origin helped organize the findings. Student experiences illustrate abilities, skills, and potentialities in the narratives. Implications for clinical training and future research recommendations highlight a path forward.

Neighborhood disadvantage, household chaos, and personal stressors: exploring early-life contextual factors and current mental health symptoms in college students.

OBJECTIVE: Using Bronfenbrenner's socio-ecological model as a frame, we explored the impact of neighborhood disadvantage, household chaos, and personal stressors on current mental health symptoms in college students. PARTICIPANTS: 144 students at a large, public university in the southern U.S. METHODS: Participants completed measures of demographics, family-of-origin household chaos, stressors, anxiety, and depression, and provided their childhood home ZIP code. Using U.S. Census Data, four structural indicators of neighborhood disadvantage were extracted and appended to each participant's ZIP code. RESULTS: Hierarchical regression revealed that all three variables predicted anxiety symptoms. However, only household chaos and personal stressors predicted current depressive symptoms. Unexpectedly, greater neighborhood disadvantage predicted lower levels of current anxiety. Mediation analyses demonstrated that personal stressors partially mediated the relationships between household chaos and mental health symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: College administration and counseling centers may wish to consider pre-college factors that influence college students' current anxious and depressive symptoms.

Violencia en la familia de origen y socialización en hombres perpetradores de maltrato en el seno de la pareja / Violence in the family of origin and socialization in male perpetrators of abuse within the couple

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la violencia sufrida en la familiade origen y con otras formas de polivictimización y su relación con las ideasdistorsionadas sobre las mujeres y el uso de la violencia, habiéndose constatado larelevancia de la violencia infantil en su transmisión intergeneracional. Se hautilizado una muestra de 120 hombres que ejercieron violencia contra la pareja conuna edad media de 43 años (DT= 11,88). Los resultados refieren diferencias entrequienes fueron testigos de la violencia contra su madre, sufrieron violenciapsicológica y/o violencia física en la infancia respecto a otras formas depolivictimización, encontrándose un riesgo alto entre estos sucesos. No se observórelación entre dichos sucesos y los pensamientos distorsionados sobre la violenciacontra las mujeres. Además, se hallaron tres perfiles de agresores entre los cualesexisten diferencias, lo que podría favorecer intervenciones específicas. Se hacenecesario seguir profundizando en el estudio de la violencia con el fin de eliminarlacomo forma normalizada de interacción social en las dinámicas familiares. (AU)

The objective of this research is to analyze the violence suffered in the familyof origin and in other forms of polyvictimization and its relationship with distortedideas about women and the use of violence, having verified the relevance of childviolence in its intergenerational transmission. A sample of 120 men who usedviolence against their partner with a mean age of 43 years (SD= 11.88) wasanalyzed. The results reveal differences between those subjects who witnessedviolence against their mother, suffered psychological violence and/or physicalviolence during their childhood compared to other forms of poly-victimization,finding a high risk in these conditions. No relationship was observed between theseconditions and distorted thoughts about violence against women. In addition,three different profiles of aggressors were found which could favor specificinterventions. Further studies of violence are needed in order to eliminate it as anormalized form of social interaction in family dynamics. (AU)

Employment Stress and Couple Adjustment among Clients With Disorders of Gambling and Alcohol Use: Themes of Transfers in Congruence Couple Therapy.

Background: Individuals with problematic gambling, alcohol and substance use commonly report lower employment rates and more employment-related problems such as job loss, work conflicts and poor performance. Method: A thematic qualitative analysis was conducted to extract employment-related themes from 21 sets of addiction counselors' case notes of couple therapy sessions (average 10 sessions per case) from a randomized controlled trial of Congruence Couple Therapy (CCT). Case notes were examined for the types of employment issues to answer the research question: What are the interconnections of employment, couple adjustment and addictive behaviors as revealed in the CCT counselors' case notes? Results: Five key areas of employment-related stress were identified: (1) unemployment, (2) financial concerns, (3) history of crime, (4) overworking and workaholism, and (5) workplace conflict. These themes interacted negatively with couple adjustment and addictive behaviors. Using CCT as an intervention, clients gained skills in 4 areas transferred to employment: (1) awareness of self, other and family of origin, (2) congruent communication, (3) work-family balance, and (4) enlisting spousal support. These themes intersected with enhanced work functioning and reduced stress, alcohol use and gambling. Conclusion: Employment problems negatively impacted addictive behaviors, couple adjustment and well-being of partners and clients. Skills and awareness gained in CCT promoted changes in addicted clients' employment functioning and coping with employment stress. The domains of work and couple adjustment are mutually influential in increasing or reducing stress with implications for addiction recovery. CCT as a viable intervention for enhancing employment function should be further studied.

Exposição à violência conjugal na infância e perpetuação transgeracional da violência: revisão sistemática / Exposure to marital violence in childhood and transgenerational perpetuation of violence: systematic review / Exposición a la violencia marital en la infancia y perpetuación transgeneracional de la violencia: revisión sistemática

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as repercussões da exposição à violência conjugal na infância na perpetuação transgeracional da violência, com base em uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Foram considerados artigos empíricos disponíveis em bases de dados eletrônicas e publicados entre 2009 e 2021. Os estudos selecionados foram analisados qualitativamente, a partir das categorias temáticas: caracterização das amostras; características metodológicas; tipos de violência conjugal que embasam os estudos; e, repercussões da exposição à violência conjugal na infância na perpetuação transgeracional da violência. Compreendeu-se que os modelos aprendidos nas relações vivenciadas na família de origem e a exposição à violência conjugal durante a infância aparecem como fatores relevantes para a manutenção de uma relação conjugal violenta, reforçando a probabilidade de perpetuação transgeracional da violência. Os resultados encontrados demonstram a necessidade de um olhar cuidadoso de profissionais da área da saúde na tentativa de se pensar intervenções para romper o ciclo transgeracional.

This study aimed to investigate the repercussions of exposure to marital violence in childhood on the transgenerational perpetuation of violence, based on a systematic literature review. Empirical articles were considered, available in electronic databases and published between 2009 and 2021. The selected studies were analyzed qualitatively from the thematic categories: sample characterization; methodological characteristics; types of marital violence that support the researches; and, the repercussions of exposure to marital violence in childhood on the transgenerational perpetuation of violence. It was understood that the models learned in the relationships experienced in the family of origin and the exposure to marital violence during the childhood emerge as relevant factors for maintaining a violent marital relationship, reinforcing the possibility of transgenerational perpetuation of violence. The results found demonstrate the need for a careful look by health professionals in an attempt to think interventions to break the transgenerational cycle.

Este estudio investigó las repercusiones de la exposición a la violencia marital en la infancia en la perpetuación transgeneracional de la violencia, con base en una revisión sistemática. Fueron considerados artículos publicados entre 2009 y 2021. Los estudios fueron analizados cualitativamente, a partir de las categorias temáticas: caracterización de las muestras; características metodológicas; tipos de violencia marital que sustentan los estudios; y, repercusiones de la exposición a la violencia marital en la infancia en la perpetuación transgeneracional de la violencia. Se ha comprendido que los modelos aprendidos en las relaciones vividas en la familia de origen y la exposición a la violencia marital durante la infancia aparecen como factores relevantes para el mantenimiento de una relación conyugal violenta, reforzando la probabilidad de perpetuación transgeneracional de la violencia. Los resultados encontrados demuestran la necesidad de una mirada cuidadosa de profesionales en el intento de pensar intervenciones para romper el ciclo transgeneracional.

The mediating role of emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between family of origin violence and intimate partner violence.

The effects of family of origin violence and intimate partner violence have been extensively documented; however, very few studies have examined the interaction with emotion regulation strategies. Thus, the objective of this research was to analyze whether different types of emotion regulation strategies, both adaptive and maladaptive, mediate the relationship between family of origin violence and intimate partner violence in the Mexican population. A total of 838 participants (45.9% men and 54.1% women) responded to instruments addressing family of origin violence, emotion regulation strategies, and intimate partner violence. The results revealed that both structural models were significant. For women, the model showed an adequate fit X2 (11, N = 838) = 22.75, p = .288, GFI = .95, AGFI = .91, NFI = .98, CFI = .97, RMSEA = .05. Likewise, we found similar indexes for men X2 (11, N = 838) = 28.20, p = .348, GFI = .97, AGFI = .93, NFI = .97, CFI = .95, RMSEA = .04. Specifically, the direct effects of adaptive strategies on intimate partner violence were statistically significant. Meanwhile, the direct effects of family of origin violence on maladaptive emotion regulation strategies were significant, as were the direct effects of maladaptive strategies on intimate partner violence. In turn, the indirect effects of family of-origin violence were significantly related to intimate partner violence via maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. In addition, the results clearly showed that men reported higher levels of aggression against women. Finally, regarding the selection of emotion regulation strategies, while women employed more adaptive emotion regulation, men showed a more definite tendency to use maladaptive emotion regulation.

The Relationship Between Exposure to Violence in the Family of Origin During Childhood, Psychological Distress, and Perpetrating Violence in Intimate Relationships Among Male University Students.

Witnessing or experiencing violence early in childhood is a significant risk factor for later perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) by men against women. Despite a large body of research on the topic, there is a need for more specific information about how differing patterns of family violence might pose distinct risks of later mental health problems and violence perpetration. Using a self-administered questionnaire, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 745 male university students in Israel (age = 21-43, M = 25.56, SD = 3.172) to examine the effects of their exposure to family violence (i.e., parent-to-child psychological aggression [PA] and physical violence [PV] and witnessing interparental PA and PV) on their use of IPV. This study also examined whether psychological distress mediates the relationship between family violence exposure (witnessing or experiencing) and later IPV perpetration. Results indicate that experiencing PA and PV in childhood and current psychological distress predict significantly current IPV perpetration. Results also revealed that psychological distress mediates only the relations between participants experiencing parental violence and their PA against intimate partners. However, results showed that higher rates of participants witnessing interparental violence correlate significantly with lower rates of their PV against intimate partners; this relationship was not mediated by their psychological distress. It was also found that experiencing parental violence has significant direct and indirect positive effect on participants' PV against intimate partners. The limitations of the study and the implications of its results are discussed.

Experiences within the Family of Origin and Intimate Partner Violence: A Dyadic Model Analysis / Experiências na Família de Origem e Violência Conjugal: Análise do Modelo Diádico / Experiencias Familiares de Origen y Violencia Conyugal: Análisis de un Modelo Diádico

Abstract Intimate partner violence may be influenced by family experience. This study aims to test a dyadic model verifying the relationship between events experienced in the family of origin and intimate partner violence. This study addressed 304 heterosexual couples using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2), and Family Background Questionnaire (FBQ). The analyses were performed using the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) and the structural equation model. Less intense violence was positively and significantly correlated with violence perpetrated by husbands and wives (r = 0.661; p < 0.01), whereas no correlation was found between severe violence and latent factors, excluding interdependence between the dyads. All the seven models presented satisfactory goodness of fit (CFI > 0.91; RMSEA < 0.08), except for the dimension "sexual abuse". Therefore, the results reinforce that the events experienced in the family of origin influence intimate partner violence.

Resumo A violência conjugal pode ser influenciada pela vivência familiar. Este estudo objetivou testar um modelo diádico de relação entre as experiências na família de origem e a violência conjugal. Realizou-se investigação com 304 casais heterossexuais com base em questionário de dados sociodemográficos, no Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2) e no Family Background Questionnaire (FBQ). As análises foram realizadas utilizando-se o modelo de interdependência ator-parceiro (APIM) por meio de equações estruturais. A violência de menor intensidade correlacionou-se positiva e significativamente entre a violência cometida pelos maridos e pelas esposas (r = 0,661; p < 0,01). Já a violência grave não foi correlacionada significativamente entre os fatores latentes, excluindo a interdependência entre a díade. Entre os sete modelos testados, todos apresentaram bons índices de ajuste (CFI > 0,91; RMSEA < 0,08), exceto a dimensão "abuso sexual". Assim, reforça-se que as experiências vivenciadas na família estão relacionadas à violência conjugal.

Resumen La violencia conyugal puede verse influida por la experiencia familiar. Este estudio tiene como objetivo probar un modelo diádico de la relación entre las experiencias en la familia de origen y la violencia conyugal. Se llevó a cabo una investigación con 304 parejas heterosexuales, utilizando un cuestionario sociodemográficos, Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2) y Family Background Questionnaire (FBQ). Los análisis se realizaron utilizando el modelo de interdependencia actor-socio (APIM) utilizando ecuaciones estructurales. La violencia menos intensa se correlacionó positiva y significativamente entre la violencia cometida por maridos y esposas (r = 0,661; p < 0,01), mientras que en la violencia severa no hubo correlación significativa entre los factores latentes, excluyendo interdependencia entre la díada. Entre los siete modelos probados, todos mostraron buenas tasas de ajuste (CFI > 0,91; RMSEA < 0,08), excepto por la dimensión "abuso sexual". Así, se refuerza que las experiencias vividas en la familia están relacionadas con la violencia conyugal.

The mediating role of emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between family of origin violence and intimate partner violence

Abstract The effects of family of origin violence and intimate partner violence have been extensively documented; however, very few studies have examined the interaction with emotion regulation strategies. Thus, the objective of this research was to analyze whether different types of emotion regulation strategies, both adaptive and maladaptive, mediate the relationship between family of origin violence and intimate partner violence in the Mexican population. A total of 838 participants (45.9% men and 54.1% women) responded to instruments addressing family of origin violence, emotion regulation strategies, and intimate partner violence. The results revealed that both structural models were significant. For women, the model showed an adequate fit X 2 (11, N = 838) = 22.75, p = .288, GFI = .95, AGFI = .91, NFI = .98, CFI = .97, RMSEA = .05. Likewise, we found similar indexes for men X2 (11, N = 838) = 28.20, p = .348, GFI = .97, AGFI = .93, NFI = .97, CFI = .95, RMSEA = .04. Specifically, the direct effects of adaptive strategies on intimate partner violence were statistically significant. Meanwhile, the direct effects of family of origin violence on maladaptive emotion regulation strategies were significant, as were the direct effects of maladaptive strategies on intimate partner violence. In turn, the indirect effects of family of-origin violence were significantly related to intimate partner violence via maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. In addition, the results clearly showed that men reported higher levels of aggression against women. Finally, regarding the selection of emotion regulation strategies, while women employed more adaptive emotion regulation, men showed a more definite tendency to use maladaptive emotion regulation.

How Well Do Couples Care When They Are Expecting Their First Child? Family and Dyadic Predictors of Parental Sensitivity in Expectant Couples.

Belsky's Process Model points to family-of-origin (especially experiences of mistreatment in childhood) as well as personality and marital relations as determinants of parenting quality, including parental sensitive responsiveness. Parental sensitivity might be intuitively developed during pregnancy and affects perinatal mental health. However, there is a lack of studies investigating effects of family-of-origin and relationship perceptions on expectant couples' parental sensitive responsiveness. The aim of the presented study was to test mediation and moderation effects of perceived partner's empathic concern and retrospectively assessed abuse experienced in childhood on sensitive parental responsiveness operationalized as caretaking behaviors and emotional reactions to a crying life-like doll. One hundred eleven expectant couples (N = 222; age: M women = 28.4 years, SD = 3.03; age: M men = 29.2 years, SD = 3.31; relationship duration: M years = 6.8, SD = 3.43; gestational week: M = 31.3, SD = 4.58) assessed the extent to which they experienced physical and emotional abuse from their parents in childhood and rated their current partner's empathic concern. In the experimental procedure, couples reacted to a crying life-like doll and were assessed by trained psychologists using the modified Ainsworth Sensitivity Scale to measure couples' sensitive responsiveness. The results confirmed a significant mediational effect of perceived women's (and not men's) empathic concern for the relationship between the reported experience of abuse in family-of-origin by expectant fathers (and not mothers) and couples' sensitivity. Support and interventions regarding couples' empathy and parenting competence can be offered to both mothers and fathers to identify those who are at risk of low parental sensitivity.

Perfil sociodemográfico, judicial e experiências na família de origem de homens que cumprem pena por estupro de vulnerável / Sociodemographic, judicial profile and experiences in the family of origin of men serving time for rape of the vulnerable

Pesquisas com vitimizadores sexuais infantis são escassas, especialmente em contexto nacional. Objetivou-se descrever o perfil sociodemográfico, judicial e as experiências na família de origem de homens condenados pelo crime de estupro de vulnerável. Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo, realizado com 49 homens em cumprimento de pena. Foi realizado levantamento documental dos processos judiciais e aplicação de questionário de dados sociodemográficos e judiciais, além do Family Background Questionnaire. Análises estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais revelaram predomínio de vitimizadores solteiros (53,1%), mas com filhos (82,2%). Somente 6,1% tinham diagnóstico de transtorno pedofílico. Os crimes ocorreram preponderantemente em contexto intrafamiliar (54,5%) e com vítimas do sexo feminino (74,3%). Mais de 30% revelaram contato sexual indesejado ao longo da vida. Os vitimizadores de contextos extrafamiliares vivenciaram significativamente mais negligência na família de origem (M=22,71) do que os intrafamiliares (M=14,66). Ressalta-se a necessidade de novos estudos para compreender com mais abrangência o perfil desta população.

Research on sex offenders is scarce, especially in Brazil. This study aims to describe the socio-demographic and judicial profile of men convicted for statutory rape and their experiences in family of origin. It is a descriptive cross-sectional study performed with 49 men serving time. A documentary survey of their lawsuits was performed and the administration of a socio-demographic and judicial data questionnaire, as well as the Family Background Questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyzes revealed a predominance of single victimizers (53.1%), with children (82.2%). Only 6.1% had a diagnosis of pedophilic disorder. The crimes occurred predominantly inside the family (54.5%) and with female victims (74.3%). More than 30% revealed unwanted sexual contacts throughout their lives. Extra familiar victimizers had significantly higher levels of neglect in their family of origin (M = 22.71) than intrafamiliar (M = 14.66). Further studies are necessary to understand the profile of this population more comprehensively.

Seria o ciúme mediador entre as experiências na família de origem e a violência física na conjugalidade? / Is jealousy a mediator between experiences in the family of origin and physical violence in conjugality? / Serián los celos mediadores entre las vivencias en la familia de origen y la violencia física en la conjugalidad?

A violência conjugal é um fenômeno multideterminado, o qual sofre impacto de experiências precoces e atuais. O objetivo deste estudo foi testar um modelo teórico no qual o ciúme é mediador entre as experiências na família de origem e a violência física conjugal. Trata-se de um estudo com delineamento quantitativo, transversal e explicativo. Contou com uma amostra de 600 pessoas, de 18 a 65 anos, residentes em 13 estados brasileiros. Os instrumentos foram questionário sociodemográfico, FBQ, CTS2 e ICR, em uma coleta por formulário eletrônico na internet. Modelagem de equações estruturais foi utilizada para testar a validade empírica do modelo teórico. Os resultados indicaram que o ciúme media parcialmente as experiências na família de origem e a ocorrência da violência conjugal. Os dados apontam para a necessidade de atenção ao ciúme nos relacionamentos amorosos, como forma de atuar na prevenção às situações de violência conjugal. (AU)

Conjugal violence is a multidetermined phenomenon, which is impacted by early and present experiences. The objective of this study was to test a theoretical model in which jealousy mediates between experiences in the family of origin and physical domestic violence. This was a quantitative, transversal, and explanatory study, which counted on a sample of 600 people, aged from 18 to 65 years, from 13 Brazilian states. The instruments included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the FBQ, the CTS2, and the RJI, all collected electronically. Structural equation modeling was used to test the empirical validity of the theoretical model. The results indicated that jealousy partially mediates the experiences in the family of origin and the occurrence of conjugal violence. The data point to the need for attention to jealousy in love relationships, as a way of acting in the prevention of situations of conjugal violence. (AU)

La violencia conyugal es un fenómeno multideterminado, el cual sufre impacto de experiencias tempranas y actuales. El objetivo de este estudio fue testar un modelo teórico en el cual los celos son mediadores entre las vivencias en la familia de origen y la violencia física conyugal. Se trata de un estudio con delineamiento cuantitativo, transversal y explicativo. Se contó con una muestra de 600 personas, de 18 a 65 años, residentes en 13 estados brasileños. Los instrumentos fueron el cuestionario sociodemográfico, FBQ, CTS2 e ICR, recogidos por medio de formulario electrónico en internet. El modelo de ecuaciones estructurales fue utilizado para testar la validez empírica del modelo teórico. Los resultados indicaron que los celos midieron parcialmente las vivencias en la familia de origen y la ocurrencia de la violencia conyugal. Los datos señalan la necesidad de atención de los celos en las relaciones amorosas, como forma de actuar en la prevención de las situaciones de violencia conyugal. (AU)

A transmissão transgeracional dos modelos conjugais / Transgerational transmission of conjugal models

A transgeracionalidade caracteriza-se pela transmissão de modelos familiares, perpassando gerações. Este estudo teve o objetivo de analisar padrões transgeracionais expressos na conjugalidade de um casal em primeira relação conjugal, com até cinco anos de convivência, residente do RS. Os parceiros responderam a uma entrevista conjunta, e outra, individual, com foco nas percepções das heranças familiares. A análise dos dados revelou aspectos transgeracionais identificados para além da cultura e valores familiares de origem. Os resultados referiram a individuação dos sujeitos, os aprendizados familiares e adaptação conforme suas demandas individuais e conjugais, revelando-se um aspecto funcional. Os padrões da relação mostraram-se positivos, já que o casal investigado se mostrou disponível à transformação dos padrões familiares qualificando a relação atual. O presente estudo pode auxiliar profissionais de diferentes áreas do conhecimento que atendem casais e famílias nos diferentes níveis de prevenção para a compreensão dos casos e possível intervenção.

The transgenerationality is characterized by the transmission of familiar models, throught generations. This study aimed analyzing transgenerational patterns expressed in the conjugality of a couple in the first marital relationship, with up to five years of living, in RS. The partners responded to a interview together, and another, individual. Each interview focused their perceptions of experiences in families of origin. Data analysis showed transgenerational aspects identified beyond culture and family values of origin. The results highlighted to individuation of the subjects, the family learning and adaptation according to their individual and conjugal demands, revealing a functional aspect. The patterns of the relationship were positive, since the couple investigated became available to the transformation of the familiar patterns qualifying the current relation. The present study can help professionals from different areas of knowledgement who work with couples and families at different levels of prevention to understanding the cases and possible intervention.

Participation of adults with cognitive, physical, or psychiatric impairments in family of origin and intimate relationships: a grounded theory study.

BACKGROUND: How adults with disabilities perceive participation has received little attention. Our purpose was to formulate a grounded theory on participation, based on the subjective experience of adults with cognitive, physical, or psychiatric impairment(s), and to identify barriers, facilitators, and support needs concerning participation in different areas of life. We aimed to explore whether the United Nations' Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), ratified by Switzerland in 2014, and its principles are being met. Here we report on the main category and focus on the participation areas 'family of origin' and 'intimate relationships.' METHODS: In a qualitative, grounded theory study, we conducted problem-centered interviews with 23 adults with cognitive, physical, or psychiatric impairments (30-53 years; 11 men, 12 women), with different housing (on their own, assisted living, with parents) and work situations (primary vs. secondary labor market) in nine German-speaking Swiss cantons. RESULTS: Participation can be understood as a continuum that extends on a horizontal level (from participation is restricted to participation takes place) and a vertical level (separative setting vs. inclusive setting). In separative as well as in inclusive settings, diverse levels of participation are possible. Many participants were stuck in an 'in-between' area between separative and inclusion-oriented settings. In the family of origin, there was a thin line between fulfilling relations that enhance participation and conflictual relations and overprotective parenting that limit participation. In intimate relationships, opportunities for participation were limited overall. Many interviewees were single. Social environment and family of origin (e.g., parents) can enable and facilitate intimate relationships and sexual contacts but can also be an important barrier. CONCLUSIONS: Participation can be understood as a continuum. Participation restrictions exist in separative as well as in inclusive-oriented settings, also in the areas of family of origin and intimate relationships. Participation barriers must be torn down in separative as well as in inclusion-oriented settings. Trajectories to inclusive settings should be facilitated. Families with children with impairment(s) should be supported from early on to create the best possible participation possibilities for the (adult) person with impairment(s) and to support the family of origin itself.