Experiência no uso das ferramentas de abordagem familiar por uma equipe da Estratégia Saúde da Família / Experiencia en el uso de herramientas de abordaje familiar por un equipo de Estrategia de Salud de la Familia / Family Health Strategy team's experience in the use of family approach tools

Problema: Experiência da intervenção de uma equipe multiprofissional da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) em uma família por meio das ferramentas de abordagem familiar. Entre os problemas identificados no caso estão a sobrecarga de trabalho da paciente índice, diagnóstico de Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) nos filhos dela, etilismo crônico do esposo e relacionamento hostil no ciclo familiar. Método: Estudo descritivo, qualitativo, de relato de experiência, desenvolvido em uma família da área de abrangência da equipe da ESF no segundo semestre de 2019, escolhida em razão da hiperutilização do serviço pela paciente índice. As ferramentas aplicadas foram o genograma, ecomapa, Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Outcome (FIRO), problem, roles, affect, communication, time in life, illness, coping with stress, environment/ecology (PRACTICE) e ciclo de vida familiar. Resultados: Com a aplicação das ferramentas foram identificadas as estruturas e modos de compartilhamento das relações familiares, os problemas de saúde presentes, os possíveis vínculos identificados e o estágio no ciclo de vida. Como modos de intervenção, a equipe propôs consultas de cuidado em saúde, assistência psicológica e escutas qualificadas. Além disso, por meio de reuniões intersetoriais, foi solucionado o problema escolar que afetava a condição de saúde da paciente. Conclusão: A aplicação das ferramentas foi um excelente método para realizar o estudo, pois permitiu uma visão global da família, além de identificar fragilidades a serem corrigidas ou minimizadas com recurso a intervenções pela equipe de saúde.

Problem: Intervention experience of a multidisciplinary team of the Family Health Strategy (ESF) through family approach tools. Among the problems identified in the case are the work overload of the index patient, diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in her children, husband's chronic alcoholism and hostile relationship within the family circle. Method: Descriptive and qualitative experience report. Developed by an ESF team in a family in the coverage area. Experience conducted in the second half of 2019. The tools applied were the genogram, ecomap, FIRO, PRACTICE and the family life cycle. The tools were chosen because of the index patient's frequent use of the ESF's services. Results: Through the application of the tools, the structures and ways of sharing family relationships, the health problems, the possible bonds identified and the stage in the life cycle were identified. As modes of intervention, the team proposed health care consultations, psychological assistance and qualified listening. In addition, through intersectional meetings, a school problem that affected the patient's health condition was solved. Conclusion: The application of the tools was an excellent method to carry out the study. It allowed a global view of the family, in addition to identifying weaknesses to be corrected or minimized, through interventions by the health team.

Problema: Experiencia de la intervención de un equipo multidisciplinario de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF) en una familia a través de herramientas de abordaje familiar. Entre los problemas identificados en el caso están la sobrecarga de trabajo de la paciente índice, diagnóstico de Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) en sus hijos, alcoholismo crónico del marido y relación hostil dentro del ciclo familiar. Método: Estudio descriptivo, cualitativo de relato de experiencia desarrollado en una familia de la zona de cobertura del equipo de la ESF en el segundo semestre de 2019. Las herramientas aplicadas fueron el genograma, ecomapa, F.I.R.O., P.R.A.C.T.I.C.E. y el ciclo de vida familiar, elegido por la sobreutilización del paciente índice de los servicios de la ESF. Resultados: Mediante la aplicación de las herramientas se identificaron las estructuras y formas de compartir las relaciones familiares, los problemas de salud presentes, los posibles vínculos identificados y la etapa del ciclo de vida. Como modos de intervención, el equipo propuso la consulta de salud, la asistencia psicológica y la escucha cualificada. Además, a través de reuniones intersectoriales se solucionó un problema escolar que afectaba el estado de salud del paciente. Conclusión: La aplicación de las herramientas fue un método excelente para la realización del estudio, ya que permitió una visión global de la familia, además de identificar debilidades a ser corregidas o minimizadas, a través de intervenciones del equipo de salud.

Marital Status and Happiness During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: This study examines the long-observed marital advantage in happiness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic may have altered the marital advantage in happiness due to changes in social integration processes. However, this has not been explored in previous studies. Method: Data were from the COVID-19 substudy of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (N=2622). A series of regressions were estimated to understand marital status differences in pandemic happiness and changes in relationships with non-resident family and friends. Karlson-Holm-Breen mediation analysis was conducted to examine whether relationships with non-resident family and friends explained the marital association with pandemic happiness. Results: From pre-pandemic to pandemic, married respondents experienced a greater increase in unhappiness than unmarried counterparts, narrowing happiness gaps. However, unmarried individuals, including cohabiting, divorced, widowed, and never married individuals, continued to report higher levels of unhappiness during the pandemic than married peers. These differences primarily stemmed from pre-pandemic happiness. After controlling for pre-pandemic happiness, cohabiting, widowed, and never married older adults did not significantly differ from their married counterparts in reporting unhappiness during the pandemic. In contrast, divorced individuals remained consistently more unhappy than married individuals during the pandemic, mainly due to deteriorated relationship quality with non-resident family. Conclusion: During a global crisis, it is crucial for policymakers, healthcare providers, and researchers to develop innovative interventions to promote happiness and healthy aging among all older adults, paying special attention to those who are divorced.

The Clinical Generational Interview. An instrument for family assessment.

Interviews are the privileged tool for carrying out qualitative research and clinical assessments on family relationships. Nevertheless, there are limited examples of interviews in clinical and psychosocial literature that are explicitly aimed at the evaluation of relational-family constructs. This paper presents the essential characteristics of the Clinical Generational Interview (CGI): an original tool for investigating and evaluating family relationships, that aims to combine the complexity of the subject being studied with the systematic and rigorous approach. It was created according to the following criteria: a flexible qualitative approach, the production and relational reading of information, intersubjective measurability and control of the inferential/interpretative process, and clinical use. Although it is organized in a structured and well-defined form and provides a precise system for encoding information, it is not a test, nor an algorithm that can be used in a mechanically diagnostic sense; it is a very versatile psychological tool that can be used in two different areas: the first is related to clinical research on family and couple relationships, the second to relational assessments. The contribution illustrates the path of construction and elaboration of the instrument, considering first of all its theoretical foundations and the constructs derived from them and around which the set of items is organized. The criteria for coding and analyzing the information thus produced and the different possible areas of application are then described. Finally, the theoretical and methodological characteristics of the instrument are also considered in relation to the main interviews in the literature in order to highlight differential particularities.

[The perception gap on migraine: a survey study of the migraine patients, family members, and physicians].

Migraine is a disease that is difficult to be recognized by those around the patients, even though it causes significant hindrances. In this study, we conducted an exploratory comparison of the perceptions on migraine among patients, family members living with them, and physicians treating migraine patients. Patients and family members shared a common understanding on the pain of migraine, and hoped to spend more/better time together as a family. However, although family members felt compassion for the patients, lack of understanding by and patients' concern for the surroundings led to feelings of resignation and endurance on the side of patients. Regarding physicians' medical care, our results suggested the importance to understand the wishes and obstacles of each patient and to propose treatment accordingly. In order to reduce the burden of migraine, it is necessary to create an environment and raise awareness that allows people around the patients to understand and support the pain and hopes that each patient feels.

Discrepancies in Mate Preferences among Chinese Families between Fathers, Mothers, and Children: A Latent Profile Analysis.

Parents develop their own preferences regarding prospective in-laws, which influence their children's mate selection processes and outcomes. From an evolutionary perspective, fathers, mothers, and their offspring have partially divergent genetic interests, potentially leading to conflicts in mate preferences. Currently, the characteristics of discrepancy profiles in mate preferences within Chinese families and their influencing factors remain unclear. Adopting an individual-centered perspective, this study examined the profiles of discrepancies in mate preferences between fathers, mothers, and children across a diverse set of Chinese families, along with their associations with family relations and evaluations of children. This study recruited 337 complete families. The results revealed three distinct profiles of father-mother mate preference discrepancies in families with sons and four profiles in families with daughters. Additionally, both families with sons and daughters displayed three profiles of discrepancies in parent-child mate preferences. Parental perceptions of marital relationships and their evaluations of children were linked to diverse father-mother discrepancy profiles in both families with sons and daughters. The father-son relationship was associated with the profiles of parent-child discrepancies in families with sons, while maternal evaluations of children and daughters' self-evaluations were related to the profiles of parent-child discrepancies in families with daughters. This study provides insights into understanding the conflict patterns and underlying reasons regarding mate preference between Chinese parents and their children within family settings.

The interaction of family functioning and disease- and treatment-related factors on quality of life for children after cancer.

PURPOSE: Children with cancer experience low quality of life (QOL), yet heterogeneity underscores a need to understand how risk and resilience factors interact. This study evaluated if family functioning relates to QOL differentially depending on diagnosis and treatment intensity. METHODS: Participants included children (ages 8-14) who completed treatment within six months for either brain tumor (BT; n = 42) or non-central nervous system solid tumor (ST; n = 29). Caregivers and children rated QOL and family functioning. Treatment intensity was categorized as low, moderate, or high. Cross-informant moderation models tested hypothesized interactions. RESULTS: Child-reported family functioning significantly interacted with diagnosis and treatment intensity in models of caregiver-reported QOL. More maladaptive family functioning was associated with reduced QOL for children with BT and moderately-intense treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Children with BT and moderate treatment intensities are sensitive to family functioning, highlighting an at-risk group to target for family-level intervention. Future work should evaluate these associations longitudinally.

Collaborative practice with parents in occupational therapy for children: A scoping review.

INTRODUCTION: In childhood intervention, parent-therapist collaboration is central to the family-centred approach. Despite long-standing discussion in occupational therapy literature, the field faces challenges, including inconsistent terminology and difficulties in translating theory into practice. This paper represents the first part of a comprehensive scoping review study aimed at developing foundational concepts for collaborative practices with parents in occupational therapy for children. Therefore, this paper focusses on mapping existing practices, types, and approaches articulated in the literature. METHODS: We searched English-language sources published worldwide from 1998 to 2022 discussing collaborative practices with parents in occupational therapy for children aged 0-10 with any diagnosis, including multidisciplinary practices. Seven databases were searched. Data from peer-reviewed indexed literature, theses and dissertations, and book chapters were extracted and analysed through basic numerical and descriptive analyses before being synthesised into similar categories. The Joanna Briggs Institute Manual and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis-extension for Scoping Reviews were used. RESULTS: The scoping review yielded 299 papers. Parent-therapist collaboration was prominent in clinics, family homes, schools, and hospitals, particularly during therapy implementation, goal setting, and planning. Most reported practice types included 'interventions with parent engagement', 'parent-directed interventions', and 'parent education'. 'Family-centred', 'occupational-focussed', and 'client-therapist collaborative' approaches were frequently mentioned. There were inconsistencies in the terms used to describe collaborative practice characteristics. CONCLUSION: Over the past 24 years, the collaborative practice literature has expanded and evolved, with parent-therapist collaboration observed across various occupational therapy settings. Inconsistencies in this collaboration across different therapeutic stages were revealed, which could impact intervention success and sustainability. Further research is needed to explore parent-therapist collaboration mechanisms within and across stages. This scoping review also underscores the need for a common framework to guide practice and research. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: This literature review explores how occupational therapists and parents work together in childhood intervention. Collaboration is essential for understanding and meeting children's needs within their family and community settings. However, occupational therapists and parents face challenges in applying family-centred practices and using a common language to bridge theory with practice. To address these challenges, we examined 299 papers published between 1998 and 2022 to understand how collaborative practices with parents have been described in the literature. Our review revealed that therapists and parents collaborate across various settings, such as clinics, schools, homes, and hospitals, mainly during therapy sessions, goal setting, and planning interventions. Collaborative practices take different forms. For instance, therapists often encourage parents to actively engage and take the lead in therapy, requiring therapists to recognise and respect parents' priorities and learning preferences. They often develop strategies together to support the child within family routines. While we found several studies on therapist-parent collaboration, the review outlined inconsistencies in how this practice was described and applied, which could affect its success. Therefore, more research is needed to understand the best ways in which collaboration can occur at each stage of therapy. The need for a core guideline for collaborative practice with parents in occupational therapy was also observed. While therapist-parent collaboration is used in occupational therapy for children, there is a clear need to minimise inconsistencies and gaps found in the literature, as well as to ensure a common language to promote intervention quality and success.

Foundational concepts of collaborative practice with parents in occupational therapy for children.

INTRODUCTION: In occupational therapy for children, collaborative practice with parents is crucial for meaningful family-centred interventions, yet it remains undefined and inconsistently addressed. This study aimed to establish foundational concepts for collaborative practice with parents in occupational therapy for children in progressing the field with a universal description. METHODS: This paper encompasses the second dataset of a larger scoping review and a preliminary validation of findings by an advisory panel. Data were gathered from indexed sources on collaborative practice with parents in occupational therapy for children (ages 0-10) using MedLine, PsychInfo, ERIC, Embase, OTSeeker, Scopus, and ProQuest Central. Data were extracted, charted, and descriptively analysed by paired independent reviewers. The Joanna Briggs Institute Manual and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis-extension for Scoping Reviews were used. A draft definition of collaborative practices, developed based on preliminary review findings and an operational definition, was validated by an advisory panel of 13 experienced Australian occupational therapists, whose input was integrated into a final, comprehensive description of collaborative practice. RESULTS: The scoping review encompassed 299 sources, revealing three major components of collaborative practice: 'collaborative practice aims', 'parent-therapist partnership', and 'strategies for collaboration'. The advisory panel endorsed the draft definition, confirmed its professional relevance, and suggested some modifications. CONCLUSION: The major outcome of this study is an evidence-based and discipline-specific preliminary description of collaborative practice with parents in occupational therapy for children. This description provides a common language and foundational concepts for the future development of a collaborative practice framework to guide practice and research. Future studies can explore specific components, exploring their mechanisms and significance. Further expanded validation is required, incorporating the perspectives of a wider community of occupational therapists and families to enhance the description's applicability.

The CARING study: Examining biological, behavioral, and genetic mechanisms in the intergenerational transmission of toxic stress.

When children experience extreme or persistent stressors (e.g., maltreatment, housing insecurity, intimate partner violence), prolonged elevation of the stress-response system can lead to disrupted development of multiple physiological systems. This response, known as toxic stress, is associated with poor physical and mental health across the life course. Emerging evidence suggests that the effects of toxic stress may be transmitted through generations, but the biological and behavioral mechanisms that link caregivers' childhood history with the health of the children they care for remain poorly understood. The purpose of this report is to describe the research protocol for The CARING (Childhood Adversity and Resilience In the Next Generation) Study, a cross-sectional study of caregivers with children aged 3-5 years designed to (1) examine the intergenerational transmission of toxic stress and protective factors; (2) explore three hypothesized pathways of transmission: parenting, daily routines, stressors, and supports; and (3) explore the extent to which genotypic variation in candidate genes related to caregiving and stress contribute to caregivers' and children's susceptibility to the effects of early childhood experiences (i.e., gene × environment interactions). We expect that findings from this study will provide critical data needed to identify targets for precision health interventions, reduce health disparities related to toxic stress, and prevent cycles of adversity among families at risk.

The Influence of Gifted Children's Stress Management on Parental Stress Levels.

This study explores the associations between gifted children's stress management and parental stress level. A sample of 78 primary school children and their 76 parents took part in this study. Children were screened for intelligence and emotional quotients, while parents were tested for stress levels. Results show that the more children are aware of their stress-management skills, the less parents are stressed out. Moreover, the intelligence quotient is not significant in mediating this association, supporting the idea that it is not an a priori protective factor from a developmental perspective. The study findings suggest that when a child is equipped with the skills to handle stress by harnessing their emotional intelligence, it can have a beneficial effect on the entire family's well-being. Given that these skills can be developed, and the significant positive influence they have on a child's growth and adaptation, it is essential to offer specialized educational programs to gifted children. These programs should aim to enhance their emotional skills, which, in turn, can indirectly bolster the psychological health of the family unit as a whole.

Role of family communication patterns as predictors of behavioral health among students of public universities in north of Iran.

BACKGROUND: Communication is one of the oldest and greatest human achievements and the basis of social life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of family communication patterns as predictors of behavioral health among students of public universities in the north of Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 461 students from all the public universities of Babol, Iran, were selected in 2019. A stratified sampling random method was used to select the samples. The demographic characteristics, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire, and Communication Skills Interpersonal Test were used to collect data. Simple and multi-variate linear regressions as well as Pearson's correlation coefficient were utilized for data analysis. RESULTS: The mean and standard deviation scores of conversation orientation and conformity orientation were 35.61 ± 0.55 and 19.31 ± 0.41, respectively. Family conversation orientation was a significant predictor of behavioral health scales of students (except for acceptance and action), predicting negatively and significantly depression, anxiety, stress, and positively self-esteem and inter-personal communication skills of students. Family conformity orientation was also a significant predictor of behavioral health scales (except for inter-personal communication skills) of students, which predicted positively and significantly depression, anxiety, stress, and negatively acceptance, action, and students' self-esteem. CONCLUSION: To prevent behavioral health problems, it is necessary to observe conformity orientation and rely on conversation orientation.

Association of type 2 diabetes with family history of diabetes, diabetes biomarkers, mental and physical disorders in a Kenyan setting.

This study aimed to determine the degree of family relations and associated socio-demographics characteristics, clinical/physical and mental disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Kenyan diabetes clinic. This study was part of a large multicentre study whose protocol and results had been published. It took place at the outpatient diabetes clinic at a County Teaching and Referral Hospital in South East Kenya involving 182 participants. We used a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Hamilton Depression (HAM-D) and PHQ-9 rating scales for depression, the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI; V5 or V6) for DSM-5 diagnoses, the WHO-5 Well-being scale and Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID). We extracted from the notes all physical conditions. We enquired about similar conditions in 1st and 2nd degree relatives. Descriptive, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, one way ANOVA, and Multinomial logistic regression analysis were conducted to test achievements of our specific aims. Of the 182 patients who participated in the study, 45.1% (82/182) reported a family history of diabetes. Conditions significantly (p < 0.05) associated with a degree of family history of diabetes were retinopathy, duration of diabetes (years), hypertension, and depressive disorder. On average 11.5% (21/182) scored severe depression (≥ 10) on PHQ-9 and 85.2% (115/182) scored good well-being (≥ 13 points). All DSM-5 psychiatric conditions were found in the 182 patients in varying prevalence regardless of relations. In addition, amongst the 182 patients, the highest prevalence was poor well-being on the WHO quality of life tool. This was followed by post-traumatic disorders (current), suicidality, and psychotic lifetime on DSM-5. The least prevalent on DSM-5 was eating disorders. Some type 2 diabetes mellitus physical disorders and depression have increased incidence in closely related patients. Overall, for all the patients, the prevalence of all DSM-5 diagnoses varied from 0.5 to 9.9%.

Percepção de mães sobre a visitação aberta na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal / Mothers' perception of open visitation in the neonatal intensive care unit / Percepción de las madres sobre las visitas abiertas en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales

Objetivo: compreender a percepção de mães sobre a visitação aberta na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Métodos: estudo descritivo, qualitativo, realizado por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e individualizada, em uma maternidade pública situada no interior de São Paulo, Brasil, em 2019. A amostra foi definida pelo método de saturação de dados e constou de 14 mães. Os dados foram submetidos a Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Resultados: elencaram-se duas categorias: evidenciando os benefícios da visitação aberta e desafios a serem superados. Os benefícios incluíram a satisfação em permanecer com o filho, participar dos cuidados, fortalecer o vínculo maternal, acompanhar a evolução do bebê, evidenciar a qualidade do cuidado e o envolvimento afetivo, redução de sentimentos negativos e visitação do pai no período noturno. Em contrapartida, os desafios incluíram a impossibilidade de permanecer com o filho, estar presente somente em horários pré-estabelecidos para receber informações de médicos, prioriza-las em relação as fornecidas pela enfermagem, receber informações parciais, ter receio em expressar as dúvidas e vivenciar sentimentos negativos. Conclusão: os achados deste estudo fornecem subsídios para que a equipe de saúde e os gestores promovam a adesão de mães à visitação aberta em unidades de terapia intensiva neonatais. (AU)

Objective: understand the perception of mothers about open visitation in the neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: descriptive, qualitative study, carried out through semi-structured and individualized interviews, in a public maternity hospital located in the interior of São Paulo, Brazil, in 2019. The sample was defined by the data saturation method and consisted of 14 mothers. Data were submitted to Thematic Content Analysis. Results: two categories were listed: showing the benefits of open visitation and challenges to be overcome. The benefits included the satisfaction of staying with the child, participating in care, strengthening the maternal bond, monitoring the baby's evolution, showing the quality of care and affective involvement, reducing negative feelings and visiting the father at night. On the other hand, the challenges included the impossibility of staying with the child, being present only at preestablished times to receive information from doctors, prioritizing it in relation to that provided by nurses, receiving partial information, being afraid to express doubts and experience negative feelings. Conclusion: the findings of this study provide support for the health team and managers to promote the adherence of mothers to open visitation in neonatal intensive care units. (AU)

Objetivo: comprender la percepción de las madres sobre la visita abierta en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, cualitativo, realizado a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas e individualizadas, en una maternidad pública ubicada en el interior de São Paulo, Brasil, en 2019. La muestra fue definida por el método de saturación de datos y estuvo conformada por 14 madres. Los datos se enviaron a Análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: se enumeraron dos categorías: mostrando los beneficios de la visita abierta y los desafíos a superar. Los beneficios incluyeron la satisfacción de quedarse con el niño, participar en los cuidados, fortalecer el vínculo materno, monitorear la evolución del bebé, mostrar la calidad del cuidado y el involucramiento afectivo, reducir los sentimientos negativos y visitar al padre por la noche. Por otro lado, los desafíos incluían la imposibilidad de quedarse con el niño, estar presente solo en horarios preestablecidos para recibir información de los médicos, priorizarla en relación a la brindada por enfermeras, recibir información parcial, tener miedo a expresar dudas y experimentar sentimientos negativos. Conclusión: los hallazgos de este estudio brindan apoyo al equipo de salud y gerentes para promover la adherencia de las madres a la visita abierta en las unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales. básico sobre las conductas frente a los accidentes, a pesar de desconocieren el flujo de atención del servicio. (AU)

Parenting styles and dental caries in Brazilian children and adolescents in foster care.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyse parenting styles as a possible factor associated with caries in foster children and adolescents who had been victims of domestic violence. METHODS: The study was carried out in nine foster shelters in Recife, Northeast Brazil, with a sample of 88 participants aged 8 to 17 years old. Data were collected through intraoral examinations to verify deft/DMFT indices, applying the Demandingness and Responsiveness Scales to determine parenting styles. In turn, sociodemographic data were retrieved from records filed at the institutions. Descriptive analysis was performed, with the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests being used to compare the categories of numerical variables. RESULTS: The mean deft/DMFT was of 3.78 in children (8 and 9 years old) and 1.93 in adolescents (10 years old and older). Overall, the index was of 2.31. Neglect was the main reason for the children's admission to foster care, while neglectful was the most prevalent parenting style. CONCLUSION: Children of indulgent parents had higher caries indices in both deciduous and permanent teeth, while children of authoritative (permanent teeth) and authoritarian parents (deciduous teeth) had the lowest caries indices. However, no significant associations were found between caries and parenting styles.

Analyzing Co-Occurrence of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury With Suicidal Ideation and Related Factors Among Adolescents in Jeju Island.

Objectives: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behavior, including suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts, are important predictors of suicide in adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the associations between NSSI, SI, NSSI+SI, mental health problems, and family factors in Korean adolescents in Jeju Island, with an emphasis on key findings. Methods: A total of 561 adolescents completed self-report questionnaires regarding demographics, NSSI, SI, suicidal behavior, perceived family functioning, and mental health problems, which were assessed using Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children, Screen for Children Anxiety-Related Disorders (SCARED), and Youth Self-Report (YSR). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, chi-square test, post-hoc analyses, and multivariate logistic regression. Results: In this study, 22.3% of adolescents reported either NSSI or SI, with 5.5% reporting NSSI and 20.7% reporting SI. Combined (NSSI+SI) group showed a significantly higher SCARED score, anxiety/depression, thought problems, attention problem, and rule breaking on YSR than did the SI only group. Higher level of depression and anxiety were significantly associated with NSSI and SI. Female sex and perceived family dissatisfaction were significantly associated factors for SI, but not for NSSI in multivariate logistic regression. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the clinical characteristics and associated factors among adolescents with NSSI, SI, and NSSI+SI in Jeju Island. Identifying these results can inform the development of targeted prevention and intervention strategies to mitigate the negative consequences of these behaviors and contribute to a better understanding of the role of family in this context.

Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Adolescents' Self-Perceived Need for Treatment.

The present study aimed to investigate associations between the self-perceived dental treatment need and clinical factors, familial characteristics, and school context in adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 746 students aged 15 to 19 years in a medium-sized city in Brazil. Data collection involved the use of a sociodemographic questionnaire, an oral health questionnaire, and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scales (FACES III) instrument. Clinical examinations were performed by two trained and calibrated examiners (Kappa > 0.80) using the Nyvad criteria. A robust logistic regression analysis for complex samples was performed using a multilevel approach (α = 5%). The individual factors associated with the self-perceived treatment need were dental pain (OR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01-1.16), the loss of the first molars (OR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.03-1.15), and disengaged family cohesion (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01-1.31). In terms of context, attending a public school was associated with the self-perceived treatment need (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.02-1.33). Thus, the individual factors of toothache, tooth loss, and a disengaged family, as well as the school context, exerted an influence on the self-perceived treatment need.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mood and family relationships of runners.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the mood of amateur runners and on their relationships with their partners and families. Methods: Adult runners 18 years or older (N = 260) completed an online survey that included demographic information, standardized psychological assessments of Exercise Dependence (EDS-R) and mood (POMS), and, to measure relationship functioning, either the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) if they did not have children, or the Basic Family Evaluation Questionnaire (CERFB), measuring conjugal and parental relationships. Participants also answered questions about their exercise habits and the coping strategies they adopted during lockdown. Results: The results suggest that runners who saw the largest reductions in time spent exercising during lockdown tended to feel significantly less energetic (p < 0.05) and friendly (p < 0.01). In addition, they recorded significantly lower scores in marital satisfaction with their peers (p < 0.05). The runners with a higher degree of dependence on physical exercise registered significantly higher levels of depression, tension and anger than non-dependent runners (p < 0.001). Runners whose partners were physically active and did not have children had significantly higher scores marital satisfaction than runners whose partners were not physically active and had children (p < 0.05). Discussion: These findings seem to indicate that the psychological approach to athletes in the context of crises such as the pandemic should consider not only individual aspects, but also include the family perspective.

Experiences of healthcare professionals, patients and families with video calls to stimulate patient- and family-centred care during hospitalization: A scoping review.

AIM: To synthesize the literature on the experiences of patients, families and healthcare professionals with video calls during hospital admission. Second, to investigate facilitators and barriers of implementation of video calls in hospital wards. DESIGN: Scoping review. METHODS: PubMed, CINAHL and Google Scholar were searched for relevant publications in the period between 2011 and 2023. Publications were selected if they focused on experiences of patients, families or healthcare professionals with video calls between patients and their families; or between families of hospitalized patients and healthcare professionals. Quantitative and qualitative data were summarized in data charting forms. RESULTS: Forty-three studies were included. Patients and families were satisfied with video calls as it facilitated daily communication. Family members felt more engaged and felt they could provide support to their loved ones during admission. Healthcare professionals experienced video calls as an effective way to communicate when in-person visits were not allowed. However, they felt that video calls were emotionally difficult as it was hard to provide support at distance and to use communication skills effectively. Assigning local champions and training of healthcare professionals were identified as facilitators for implementation. Technical issues and increased workload were mentioned as main barriers. CONCLUSION: Patients, families and healthcare professionals consider video calls as a good alternative when in-person visits are not allowed. Healthcare professionals experience more hesitation towards video calls during admission, as it increases perceived workload. In addition, they are uncertain whether video calls are as effective as in-person conservations. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE CLINICAL PRACTICE: When implementing video calls in hospital wards, policymakers and healthcare professionals should select strategies that address the positive aspects of family involvement at distance and the use of digital communication skills. PATIENT CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.