Anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-diabetic evaluation of ethanolic leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus alone and in combination therapy

The use of plants in disease treatment is cost effective and relatively safe. This study was designed to investigate anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-diabetic activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus alone and in combination therapy in hyperlipidemic & diabetic mice. Eight groups comprising five mice each were used. Group A was hyperlipidemic control, group B, C, D received atorvastatin (20 mg/kg), leaf extract (200 mg/kg) and leaf extract in combination with atorvastatin (200 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) orally for 15 days. Group E was diabetic control. Group F, G, H received sitagliptin (40 mg/kg), leaf extract (200 mg/kg) and extract in combination with sitagliptin (200 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg) orally for 7 days. Blood cholesterol levels were measured at 1st, 5th, 10th and 15th day and fasting blood sugar levels were measured at 2, 12, 24, 72 and 168 hours during treatment. One-way ANOVA with tukey- kramer multiple comparison test was used. The chemical characterization of ethanolic extract of Catharanthus roseus leaves showed presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. Ethanolic extract of Catharanthus roseus has significant anti-hyperlipidemic & anti-diabetic effects (p<0.05, p<0.01) when compared with control but had not cause significantly increase in anti-hyperlipidemic effects of atorvastatin. While significantly increased the antidiabetic effect of sitagliptin (p<0.05)

The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Insulin Resistance among Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of vitamin D supplementation on insulin resistance in a group of Iranian patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and vitamin D deficiency. METHODS: This was a clinical trial conducted in a tertiary medical center in Tehran, the capital city of Iran, from May 2015 to September 2015. The participants included 41 women between 20 and 40 years of age with polycystic ovary syndrome based on the Rotterdam criteria and vitamin D deficiency. The fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, as well as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were measured at baseline and two months post treatment with a single dose of 300,000IU intramuscular vitamin D3. The main outcome measures were plasma levels of vitamin D, fasting blood sugar and insulin levels, as well as insulin resistance. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 26.6±4.1. The serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D increased (5.7±1.77 to 16.34±8.99 ng/mL, p<0.001). The mean fasting blood glucose reading significantly decreased from 109.56±14.59mg/dL in pre-treatment to 103.71±13.72mg/dL post treatment (p=0.003). There was a significant decrease in the mean fasting serum insulin level from 8.52±5.48 mcU/mL before treatment with vitamin D to 7.07±5.03 (p=0.019) µU/mL after the treatment. The mean HOMA-IR, as a sign of insulin resistance, significantly decreased from 2.37±1.76 to 1.87±1.49, indicating less insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS: A single injection of vitamin D significantly decreased serum insulin levels and insulin resistance among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Tratamiento de las repercusiones sinérgicas en presencia de enfermedad periodontal en el paciente con diabetes: revisión de la literatura / Treatment of the synergistic effects of periodontaldisease in patients with diabetes. literature review

Introducción: La interacción de las enfermedades periodontales serelacionan con el medio ambiente, huésped, factores microbianos ysusceptibilidad genética. En esta patología la interacción de las bacteriasy el sistema inmunológico dan como resultado una producción elevada de mediadores infl amatorios como las interleucinas IL-1, IL-6 y el TNF-α que destruirán el tejido conectivo y óseo. La diabetes por sí misma ya sea tipo 1 o 2 va a tener repercusiones a nivel de los diferentes órganos de la economía como los riñones, sistema nervioso,ojos, sistema circulatorio y de ahí al periodonto. Cuando el paciente nose encuentra en control sistémico, los efectos adversos van aumentandoy se provoca una sinergia entre la alteración glucémica y la afectaciónperiodontal. Se ha descrito la relación del efecto benéfi co del tratamientoperiodontal en el control glucémico en pacientes diabéticos y no diabéticos. Conclusión: El tratamiento periodontal no quirúrgico demostró reducir los valores de los parámetros periodontales así como los valores séricos de glucosa en ayuno y hemoglobina glucosilada y coadyuvar en el control glucémico.

Introduction: The interaction of periodontal disease is related to theenvironment, host, microbial factors and genetic susceptibility. In thiscondition, the interaction of bacteria and the immune system result inincreased production of infl ammatory mediators such as IL-1, IL-6interleukins, and TNF-α that will destroy connective tissue and bone.Diabetes itself either type 1 or 2 will have repercussions at the levelof the diff erent organs of the economy as it is kidneys, nervous system,eyes, circulatory system and hence the periodontium. When the patientis not in controlling systemic adverse eff ects are increased and synergybetween periodontal health and glycemic involvement provoked. It hasbeen reported regarding the benefi cial eff ect of periodontal treatmenton glycemic control in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Conclusion:The non-surgical periodontal treatment was shown to reduce the valuesof periodontal parameters and serum fasting glucose and glycatedhemoglobin and assist in glycemic control.