The effect of HIIT on body composition, cardiovascular fitness, psychological well-being, and executive function of overweight/obese female young adults.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of a short-term HIIT program on the selected health-related parameters for overweight/obese young adult women in a university context. Methods: A total of 48 participants were randomly divided into two groups. The exercise group (HIIT) received a HIIT intervention of aerobics for 4 weeks, while the control group (CON) received no training. Body composition including waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (BF %), Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), the score of Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Stroop word-color test (SCWT) results were assessed before and after the intervention along with within- and between-group comparisons. Results: All the indices were significantly improved in HIIT group (p < 0.01) after 4 weeks of intervention. No significant changes were found in CON. There were significant differences between HIIT and CON in cardiovascular fitness (p < 0.01), SDS (p < 0.01) and SCWT (p < 0.05) before and after 4 weeks. In addition, weekly measurements of HIIT effects showed significant changes (p < 0.01) from the second week in the variables of body composition, VO2max, SDS and SCWT when compared with the baseline and maintained the tendency till the end of program. Conclusion: The short-term HIIT aerobics of the campus program conducted in a non-lab setting induced significant improvements in body composition, cardiovascular fitness, psychological well-being and executive function in overweight young female adults.

Feasibility and reliability of continuously monitoring alcohol use among female adolescents and young adults.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Transdermal alcohol sensors allow objective, continuous monitoring and have potential to expand current research on adolescent and young adult alcohol use. The purpose of this manuscript is to evaluate the feasibility and reliability of transdermal alcohol sensor use among female adolescents as compared to female young adults. DESIGN AND METHODS: This trial included 59 female adolescents and young adults aged 14-24 years who reported drinking during the previous month. All participants were asked to wear a Giner Wrist Transdermal Alcohol Sensor (WrisTAS)-7 over a 1 month prospective study. Participants came to the research lab weekly to complete a detailed self-report of behaviours, including day of drinking events, amounts and types of alcohol use and length of drinking events. Estimates of blood alcohol concentration (eBAC) were computed from self-report data using the Matthew and Miller, NHTSA and Zhang equations. Daily transdermal alcohol concentration (TAC) peaks and calculated eBAC peak data were analysed with paired-samples t-tests and repeated measures correlations for validity comparisons. RESULTS: All participants (100%, n = 59) completed the trial, however, two participants were removed due to greater than 50% of missing transdermal alcohol sensor data. Of the 57 participants, the data included 1,722 days of continuous alcohol monitoring. Missing data was recorded more frequently among female adolescents at about (11.78%) as compared to female young adults (8.59%; χ2  = -18.40, P < 0.001). Participant self-report of drinking occurred with greater frequency (374 events) than detected by the WrisTAS transdermal alcohol sensors (243 events). On days when self-report and sensor data indicated a drinking event, participants' eBAC was moderately correlated with TAC, after accounting for repeated measures. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: This study finds that transdermal alcohol sensors are moderately reliable when sensor data is paired with self-report. This objective data collection method may improve the ability to collect alcohol curves among adolescents.

Intimate Relationships and Sexual Behavior in Young Women withDepression.

PURPOSE: To better understand links between depressive symptoms and high-risk sexual behavior in young women. METHODS: We conducted semistructured interviews with young women from three primary care clinics who reported clinically significant depressive symptoms, had penile-vaginal sexual intercourse within the past 6 months, and met at least one sexual risk criterion (N = 16, age 16-23years, racially/ethnically diverse). We transcribed the interview recordings, organized and coded the data, and conducted a directed content analysis. RESULTS: Participants described a complex interrelation between depression and intimate relationships and sexual behavior. Depression had negative effects on relationships, sexual motives and experiences (including safety), and feelings about oneself in sexual situations. Participants reported difficulty in developing and maintaining intimate relationships. Although many participants reported less interest in and emotional energy for sex, several were having sex frequently to manage depressive symptoms. Generally, the young women described sex as unsafe (e.g., no condom) owing to impaired judgment, increased impulsivity, apathy, and alcohol. As a result, sometimes their efforts to feel better by having sex led them to feeling worse (e.g., ashamed and worthless). CONCLUSIONS: Depressed young women may limit intimate relationships, yet engage in frequent and unsafe sex to cope with their symptoms. Their efforts to feel better may provide only temporary relief or result in feeling worse. Depressed young women would benefit from tailored interventions that identify and counter unhealthy thoughts, attitudes, behaviors, and patterns related to sexual relationships and behavior; minimize factors that impair healthy decision-making; and foster development of alternative affect regulation strategies.

Clinical and coronary angiographic characteristics in women less than 50 years with coronary heart disease / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the risk factors,clinical and coronary angiographic characteristics in women less than 50 years with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods One hundred and twenty-six women less than 50 years were divided into CHD group and non-CHD group according to the result of coronary angiography(CAG).Risk factors,clinical and coronary angiographic characteristics were investigated retrospectively.Results In 6395 cases who were given CAG in the corresponding time period,126(1197%)women were less than 50 years,and 44 cases were confirmed as having CHD by CAG[CHD group,mean age(46.8±3.6)years)].Meanwhile 82 cases were in non-CHD group[mean age(45.4±4.3)years)].The incidence rate of hypertension[77.3%(34/44)vs 26.8%(22/82)],diabetes mellitus[34.1%(15/44)vs 4.9%(4/82)],hyperlipidemia[43.2%(19/44)vs 7.3%(6/82)],family history of CHD[43.2%(19/44)vs 7.3%(6/82)],and risk factors of family history of CHD[52.3%(23/44)vs 12.2%(10/82)]had significant difference between CHD group and non-CHD group(P<0.01).88.6%(39/44)CHD palients were acute coronary syndrome,50.0%(20/44)lesion was one-vessel lesion.Left anterior descending coronary was involved most easily.The degree of calcification was lighter.The type.of lesion was mostly localized and segmented.Conclusions Hypertension,hypedipidemia,diabetes mellitus,family history of CHD,and risk factors of family history of CHD are the major risk faetom in women less than 50 years with CHD. The possibility of CHD is higher when having classical angina and multiple risk faetom.