[Primary approach to migrant mental health and female genital mutilation]. / Abordaje de la salud mental del migrante y de la mutilación genital femenina en atención primaria.

Mental Health (MH) and Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) are two aspects of migrant health that should be addressed and screened in primary care. These topics are inherently sensitive, often challenging and difficult to approach in routine consultations. Providing comprehensive care and management needs both knowledge and a careful approach, yet these factors may sometimes result in low screening of both health issues. Migration itself does not inherently lead to MH disorders. However, the various experiences encountered throughout the migration process can contribute to MH challenges. Migrants face the same issues as the rest of the population, but their expressions may differ. Therefore, it is important to understand the cultural contexts and create a supportive environment within healthcare to effectively address both MH and FGM. FGM is a serious health issue for girls and women that should be assessed in primary care. This includes prevention for at-risk girls, support and care for affected women and community initiatives. To engage with individuals from high-risk countries, both men and women is essential to facilitate change and help to end this harmful practice.

Recomendaciones sobre el manejo clínico de la alopecia androgénica: un documento de consenso del Grupo Español de Tricología de la Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología / Recommendations on the Clinical Management of Androgenetic Alopecia: A Consensus Statement From the Spanish Trichology Group of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venererology (AEDV)

El tratamiento de la alopecia androgénica (AGA) puede ser complejo para el clínico debido a la amplia gama de terapias disponibles, en muchos casos con escasos ensayos clínicos disponibles, y con muchas de las opciones de tratamiento sin aprobación de uso en la AGA según su ficha técnica. Este documento de consenso sobre el manejo de la AGA se ha elaborado siguiendo un método Delphi, en el que han participado 34 dermatólogos miembros del Grupo Español de Tricología de la Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología. Tras 2 rondas de votaciones, se consensuaron 138 de los 160 ítems propuestos (86%), estructurados en 4 bloques de recomendaciones: generalidades, tratamiento farmacológico, procedimientos y trasplante capilar, y casos especiales. Este documento de consenso se apoya en la evidencia científica disponible y en la opinión de expertos para ayudar a los profesionales en el manejo de la AGA en la práctica clínica diaria.(AU)

Androgenetic alopecia can be challenging to treat due to the wide range of available treatments, most of which are not based on evidence from clinical trials. In addition many of the options do not include androgenetic alopecia among the approved indications according to their summaries of product characteristics. A panel of 34 dermatologists from the Spanish Trichology Society of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) used the Delphi method to develop a consensus statement on the management of androgenetic alopecia. Over a 2-round process the experts agreed on 138 (86%) of the 160 proposed items, which were structured into 4 blocks of recommendations: general considerations, pharmacologic treatment, procedures and hair transplant, and special cases. The resulting consensus statement based on expert opinion of the scientific evidence can guide professionals in the routine management of androgenetic alopecia.(AU)

[Translated article] Recommendations on the Clinical Management of Androgenetic Alopecia: A Consensus Statement From the Spanish Hair Disorders Group of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venererology (AEDV) / Recomendaciones sobre el manejo clínico de la alopecia androgénica: un documento de consenso del Grupo Español de Tricología de la Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología

El tratamiento de la alopecia androgénica (AGA) puede ser complejo para el clínico debido a la amplia gama de terapias disponibles, en muchos casos con escasos ensayos clínicos disponibles, y con muchas de las opciones de tratamiento sin aprobación de uso en la AGA según su ficha técnica. Este documento de consenso sobre el manejo de la AGA se ha elaborado siguiendo un método Delphi, en el que han participado 34 dermatólogos miembros del Grupo Español de Tricología de la Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología. Tras 2 rondas de votaciones, se consensuaron 138 de los 160 ítems propuestos (86%), estructurados en 4 bloques de recomendaciones: generalidades, tratamiento farmacológico, procedimientos y trasplante capilar, y casos especiales. Este documento de consenso se apoya en la evidencia científica disponible y en la opinión de expertos para ayudar a los profesionales en el manejo de la AGA en la práctica clínica diaria.(AU)

Androgenetic alopecia can be challenging to treat due to the wide range of available treatments, most of which are not based on evidence from clinical trials. In addition many of the options do not include androgenetic alopecia among the approved indications according to their summaries of product characteristics. A panel of 34 dermatologists from the Spanish Trichology Society of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) used the Delphi method to develop a consensus statement on the management of androgenetic alopecia. Over a 2-round process the experts agreed on 138 (86%) of the 160 proposed items, which were structured into 4 blocks of recommendations: general considerations, pharmacologic treatment, procedures and hair transplant, and special cases. The resulting consensus statement based on expert opinion of the scientific evidence can guide professionals in the routine management of androgenetic alopecia.(AU)

Eloísa Díaz en el Primer Congreso Latinoamericano de Medicina, Santiago 1901 / Eloísa Díaz in the First Latin American Congress of Medicine, Santiago 1901

Revisando el segundo volumen de actas del Primer Congreso Latinoamericano de Medicina, reunido en Santiago los nueve primeros días del siglo XX, encontramos una conferencia de Eloísa Díaz, primera mujer chilena y latinoamericana en graduarse de médico, pese a la discriminación sufrida, que la obligó incluso a asistir a clases acompañada por su madre. Se analiza tanto esta conferencia sobre la organización del servicio médico escolar, como la introducción a su tesis de grado, y de paso las presentaciones de otros médicos participantes, haciendo hincapié en la patología infecciosa discutida y en su lenguaje verboso y florido.

Analyzing the second volume of proceedings of the First Latin American Congress of Medicine held in Santiago on the first nine days of the twentieth century, we found a lecture by Eloísa Díaz, the first Chilean and Latin American woman to graduate as a doctor, despite the discrimination she suffered, which even forced her to attend classes accompanied by her mother. This conference on the school medical service is analyzed, as well as the introduction to her degree thesis, and incidentally the presentations of other participating doctors, emphasizing the infectious pathology discussed and its verbose and flowery language.

Recommendations on the Clinical Management of Androgenetic Alopecia: A Consensus Statement From the Spanish Trichology Group of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venererology (AEDV). / Recomendaciones sobre el manejo clínico de la alopecia androgénica: un documento de consenso del Grupo Español de Tricología de la Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología.

Androgenetic alopecia can be challenging to treat due to the wide range of available treatments, most of which are not based on evidence from clinical trials. In addition many of the options do not include androgenetic alopecia among the approved indications according to their summaries of product characteristics. A panel of 34 dermatologists from the Spanish Trichology Society of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) used the Delphi method to develop a consensus statement on the management of androgenetic alopecia. Over a 2-round process the experts agreed on 138 (86%) of the 160 proposed items, which were structured into 4 blocks of recommendations: general considerations, pharmacologic treatment, procedures and hair transplant, and special cases. The resulting consensus statement based on expert opinion of the scientific evidence can guide professionals in the routine management of androgenetic alopecia.

Una aproximación a la satisfacción con la alimentación en familias monoparentales con jefatura femenina / An approach to satisfaction with food-related life in female-headed single parent households

Resumen 1Los hogares monoparentales se ven enfrentados a compatibilizar la generación de ingresos con las tareas de cuidado en el hogar, como la alimentación familiar, la cual se configura como un dominio clave en el bienestar. Es por ello, que el objetivo de este estudio buscó explorar los significados acerca de la satisfacción con la alimentación que tienen madres e hijos de familias monoparentales con jefatura femenina. A partir de un estudio de caso de método mixto, mediante la participación de 47 familias monoparentales de jefatura femenina, tanto madres como hijos adolescentes, cuyas edades fluctuaban entre 10 y 17 años de edad, completaron individualmente una tarea de asociación de palabras con "estar satisfecho con mi alimentación" y una tarea de finalización de palabras con "estaría más satisfecho con mi alimentación si...". Los resultados evidenciaron que los significados de la satisfacción con la alimentación son atribuibles a la conceptualización formal del constructo y que no existiría diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las respuestas dadas por madres e hijos, en base a los determinantes de comportamiento en la alimentación. Así se concluyó que las similitudes en los significados, en torno a los determinantes que se identifican con la satisfacción con la alimentación y con los aspectos que podrían aumentarla, permiten constatar la influencia de la familia en las construcciones y significados que forman parte de la identidad individual y cultural de los adolescentes, lo cual se convierte en un insumo necesario para el diseño de prácticas y estrategias que propicien una mayor satisfacción con la alimentación.

Abstract Numerous female-headed single parent households face increased pressure when attempting to balance income generation with household responsibilities, such as family nutrition, which is critical given its greater influence on children's nutrition and diet quality (Hebestreit et al., 2017). This situation is critical in light of the fact that food is positioned as a critical domain of human well-being (Schnettler et al., 2014, 2017; Denegri et al., 2014, 2016). Satisfaction with food-related life is conceptualized as an individual's global cognitive evaluation of his or her diet (Grunert, Dean, Raats, Nielsen, y Lumbers, 2007); its formal definition is connected to other facets of life such as health, family, and social relationships (Grunert et al., 2007). According to the literature, satisfaction with food-related life is defined in terms of three primary determinants of eating behavior: the food consumed, the individual, and the diet's context (Köster, 2009). The purpose of this study is to contribute to our understanding of female-headed single-parent families and their meanings by examining the importance placed on the family as the first social space in which people construct and shape their social representations in various spheres of daily life (Moscovici, 1984). The overall objective is to investigate the meanings of satisfaction with food-related life for mothers and adolescent children in female-headed single-parent families. The specific objectives are to i) define the semantic entities of food satisfaction in relation to mothers and adolescent children, ii) identify factors that contribute to mothers' and adolescent children's food satisfaction, and iii) compare how mothers and adolescent children perceive their food satisfaction and the factors that contribute to it increasing. To accomplish these goals, a mixed case study research design was used. This entails combining quantitative and qualitative research methods in order to gain a better understanding of the research issues (Cresswell y Plano Clark, 2011). A total of 47 Chilean single-parent families with a female head of household participated in this study. It consists of a fee-paying mother that has at least one adolescent child between the ages of 10 and 17. The data collection method was an interview developed and tested in the Chilean population by Schnettler et al. (2020), based on a projective technique (Mesas y Escribano, 2018), in which mothers and adolescent children individually responded to the first words, terms, or phrases associated with the expression "being satisfied with my food-related life" with the goal of determining the meaning of satisfaction with food-related life. They were then asked to complete the sentence "I would be more satisfied with my food-related life if...". In order to identify factors that could improve their satisfaction with food-related life. The data was textually analyzed by segmenting and coding it. Subsequently, by establishing conceptual relationships, categories and supracategories were generated deductively (Krippendorff, 2004). Following that, the information expressed in the results and plotted in frequency tables is synthesized and interpreted. The Chi-square test was used to compare mothers' and adolescent children's responses (Agresti, 1990). In conclusion, the findings indicate that the meanings of satisfaction with food-related life can be ascribed to the construct's formal conceptualization. Thus, this study provides evidence that the construct is valid. There were also similarities in the meanings of mothers and adolescent children when it came to the determinants associated with food satisfaction, as well as the factors that could increase their satisfaction with food-related life. This finding is critical for establishing the family's influence on the constructs and meanings associated with adolescents' cultural identities.

Factores pronósticos del resultado del tratamiento rehabilitador en la incontinencia urinaria femenina / Prognostic factors and treatment outcomes for female urinary incontinence rehabilitation

Introducción La incontinencia urinaria es la pérdida involuntaria de orina. Presenta una alta prevalencia en el sexo femenino y un gran impacto biopsicosocial. Son numerosos los factores de riesgo asociados con esta entidad. El tratamiento rehabilitador se establece como de primera línea, aunque su uso no ha sido protocolizado. Objetivo Identificar qué factores de riesgo personales y tipo de tratamiento aplicado se encuentran relacionados estadísticamente con la mejoría de las pacientes. Material y método Estudio de cohortes retrospectivas de las pacientes de sexo femenino diagnosticadas de incontinencia urinaria y que acudieron a la consulta de Rehabilitación de Suelo Pélvico del Hospital Universitario Río Hortega de Valladolid, recibiendo tratamiento rehabilitador a lo largo del año 2021. El periodo de seguimiento mínimo fue de 12 semanas, evaluando la mejoría o no según 7 variables objetivas y subjetivas, estableciendo la mejoría como la evolución positiva en al menos 5 de las 7. Resultados Se analizaron 114 mujeres con incontinencia urinaria. Los tipos de incontinencia más frecuentes fueron: de esfuerzo (53%) y mixta (36%). Los factores de riesgo y enfermedad asociada más importantes fueron la episiotomía (68%), infecciones de orina de repetición (61%) y el estreñimiento (40,9%). Ninguno de estos factores demostró una relación estadísticamente significativa con la mejoría de las pacientes con una p>0,05. El tratamiento rehabilitador más empleado fue cinesiterapia+biofeedback (51%), que demostró una relación estadísticamente significativa con la mejoría de estas pacientes (p=0,037), junto con biofeedback+electroestimulación del nervio tibial posterior (p=0,044). Conclusión Los resultados están en consonancia con los de otros estudios publicados. El biofeedback junto con la cinesiterapia o la electroestimulación del nervio tibial posterior se establecen como los procedimientos rehabilitadores más efectivos (AU)

Background Urinary incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine. It is highly prevalent in women and has a great biopsychosocial impact. Numerous risk factors are associated with this entity. Rehabilitative treatment is established as the first line, although its use has not been protocolized. Aim To identify which personal risk factors and type of treatment applied are statistically related to patient improvement. Methods Retrospective cohort study of female patients diagnosed with urinary incontinence who attended the Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Clinic of the Río Hortega University Hospital of Valladolid, receiving rehabilitation treatment during the year 2021. The minimum follow-up period was 12 weeks, evaluating improvement or not according to 7 objective and subjective variables, establishing improvement as positive evolution in at least 5 of the 7. Results A total of 114 women with urinary incontinence were analyzed. The most frequent types of incontinence were stress (53%) and mixed (36%). The most important risk factors and associated pathology were episiotomy (68%), repeated urinary tract infections (61%), and constipation (40.9%). None of these factors showed a statistically significant relationship with patient improvement with a p>0.05. The most used rehabilitative treatment was kinesitherapy+biofeedback (51%), which showed a statistically significant relationship with the improvement of these patients (p=0.037), together with biofeedback+posterior tibial nerve electrostimulation (p=0.044). Conclusion The results are in line with other published studies. Biofeedback together with kinesitherapy or posterior tibial nerve electrostimulation are established as the most effective rehabilitative procedures (AU)

Obesity and female sexual dysfunctions: A systematic review of prevalence with meta-analysis.

Obesity represents a major global health challenge. Female sexual dysfunctions have a negative impact on quality of life and overall health balance. A higher rate of female sexual dysfunctions in obese women has been suggested. This systematic review summarized the literature on female sexual dysfunction prevalence in obese women. The review was registered (Open Science Framework OSF.IO/7CG95) and a literature search without language restrictions was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science, from January 1990 to December 2021. Cross-sectional and intervention studies were included, the latter if they provided female sexual dysfunction rate data in obese women prior to the intervention. For inclusion, studies should have used the female sexual function index or its simplified version. Study quality was assessed to evaluate if female sexual function index was properly applied using six items. Rates of female sexual dysfunctions examining for differences between obese vs class III obese and high vs low quality subgroups were summarized. Random effects meta-analysis was performed, calculating 95% confidence intervals (CI) and examining heterogeneity with I2 statistic. Publication bias was evaluated with funnel plot. There were 15 relevant studies (1720 women participants in total with 153 obese and 1567 class III obese women). Of these, 8 (53.3%) studies complied with >4 quality items. Overall prevalence of female sexual dysfunctions was 62% (95% CI 55-68%; I2 85.5%). Among obese women the prevalence was 69% (95% CI 55-80%; I2 73.8%) vs 59% (95% CI 52-66%; I2 87.5%) among those class III obese (subgroup difference p=0.15). Among high quality studies the prevalence was 54% (95% CI 50-60%; I2 46.8%) vs 72% (95% CI 61-81%; I2 88.0%) among low quality studies (subgroup difference p=0.002). There was no funnel asymmetry. We interpreted that the rate of sexual dysfunctions is high in obese and class III obese women. Obesity should be regarded as a risk factor for female sexual dysfunctions.

Variables socio-epidemiológicas de la infertilidad femenina en la provincia Camagüey

Fundamento: la infertilidad femenina es un término utilizado para referirse a una mujer que no ha podido quedar embarazada después de haberlo intentado por lo menos en un año al mantener relaciones sexuales desprotegidas. Objetivo: caracterizar algunas variables socio-epidemiológicas de la infertilidad femenina en la provincia Camagüey. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo en el Hospital Docente Ginecobstétrico Provincial Ana Betancourt Mora de Camagüey durante el año 2021. El universo estuvo constituido por 304 pacientes con diagnóstico de infertilidad. Las variables estudiadas incluyeron: grupo etáreo, tipo de infertilidad, municipio de origen, tasa de incidencia, nivel educacional, hábitos tóxicos, factores de riesgo y antecedentes personales. Los datos se expresaron en números y porcientos. Resultados: el 30,9 % correspondió al grupo etáreo de 30 a 34 años, procedentes en su mayoría del municipio Camagüey (43,5 %), mientras Céspedes alcanzó la mayor tasa de incidencia (13,8 %) por cada 1000 mujeres con rango de edad que pudieran ser admitidas en el programa. Un porciento elevado tenía estudios universitarios (45,4 %) y preuniversitarios (24,3 %), predominó el consumo de café (24,0 %) y tabaco (14,5 %) como hábitos tóxicos; así como enfermedades de trasmisión sexual (24,7 %) y el uso de anticonceptivo (21,1 %). La obesidad (13,5 %) resultó ser el principal antecedente personal. Conclusiones: la infertilidad femenina está determinada por varios factores, incluidos los epidemiológicos, como los hábitos tóxicos, el estado nutricional, los antecedentes personales, entre otros, en su mayoría modificables, que pueden ser tratados desde la Atención Primaria de Salud.

Background: female infertility is a term used to refer to a woman who has not been able to get pregnant after trying for at least a year by having unprotected sexual intercourse. Objective: to characterize some socio-epidemiological variables of female infertility in Camagüey province. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out at the Ana Betancourt Mora Camagüey Provincial Gynecobstetric Teaching Hospital during the year 2021. The universe consisted of 304 patients diagnosed with infertility. The variables studied included: age group, type of infertility, municipality of origin, incidence rate, educational level, toxic habits, risk factors, and personal history. Data were expressed in numbers and percentages. Results: 30.9 % corresponded to the age group of 30 to 34 years, coming mostly from the Camagüey municipality (43.5 %), while Cespedes reached the highest incidence rate (13.8 %) per 1000 women with age range that could be admitted to the program. A high percentage had university studies (45.4 %) and pre-university studies (24.3 %), the consumption of coffee (24.0 %) and tobacco (14.5 %) predominated as toxic habits; as well as sexually transmitted diseases (24.7 %) and the use of contraception (21.1 %). Obesity (13.5 %) turned out to be the main personal history. Conclusions: female infertility is determined by several factors, including epidemiological ones, such as toxic habits, nutritional status, personal history, among others, mostly modifiable, which can be treated from Primary Health

Female sexual dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background: Sexual life of women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be affected by breathing difficulties, a decrease in functional status, depressive mood and fatigue. Objetive: To evaluate the sexual dysfunction in female COPD patients and the possible explanatory mechanisms or correlations between these conditions. Methods: The study included 70 female patients with COPD aged between 36-65 and 70 age-matched controls. All the subjects completed questionnaires for the Female Sexual Functional Index (FSFI), BECK depression inventory and, spirometry. Results: Statistically significant sexual dysfunction was noted in COPD patients compared to the non-COPD group (p0.005). In linear regression analysis determining depression, no statistically significant factor was found among age, number of comorbidities, and FEV1/ forced vital capacity (FVC) % predicted (p>0.05). In multivariable analysis, only fatigue during intercourse was found to be a statistically significant factor in predicting sexual dysfunction among factors like age, presence of comorbidities, duration of the disease, smoking status, FEV1%, m MRCpoints, 6-minutes walk test, BECK depression scores (p=0.008). Conclusion: Sexual dysfunction is reported in many COPD females and seems to be related not to spirometric measures or exercise capacity but to fatigue. Depression is also a common comorbidity, of which both disorders are often neglected.

Antecedentes: La vida sexual en mujeres con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es afectada por dificultades respiratorias, disminución del estado funcional, estado de ánimo depresivo y fatiga. Objetive: Evaluar la disfunción sexual en mujeres con EPOC y posibles mecanismos explicativos de esas dos condiciones Métodos: Participaron 70 pacientes mujeres con EPOC, rango edad 36-65 años y 70 controles emparejados por edad. Todos los sujetos respondieron un cuestionario para el índice funcional sexual femenino e inventario de depresión de BECK, mas una espirometría. Resultados: Se observó disfunción sexual significativa en las pacientes con EPOC comparado con el grupo sin EPOC. Las puntuaciones del inventario de depresión BECK fueron significativamente inferiores a las del grupo control. No hubo correlación entre las puntuaciones del FSFI y la depresión BECK con las características de las "mujeres" (r=-0.055). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en edad, FEV1% y antecedentes de exacerbación del año anterior según la gravedad de la depresión. En la regresión lineal para determinar la depresión, no hubo ningún factor estadísticamente significativo entre edad, número de comorbilidades y FEV1/FVC% predicho. En el multivariado, sólo la fatiga durante el coito resultó ser un factor significativo para predecir la disfunción sexual entre factores como edad, presencia de comorbilidades, duración de la enfermedad, hábito tabáquico, FEV1%, m MRCpoints, prueba de la marcha de 6 minutos y puntuaciones de depresión de BECK. Conclusiones: La disfunción sexual parece no estar relacionada con las medidas espirométricas o la capacidad de ejercicio, pero si con la fatiga. La depresión es una comorbilidad frecuente, de la que a menudo se descuidan ambos trastornos.

Las que sobran: un análisis de la diversidad de las mujeres habitantes de la calle en cinco ciudades colombianas

Este artículo profundiza en el conocimiento de las mujeres habitantes de la calle de las cinco ciudades más densas del país, teniendo como telón de fondo las relaciones patriarcales de desigualdad que permean los diferentes momentos de la habitanza de la calle empezando por la decisión de salir a vivir en esta. Con la información disponible de los censos de habitantes de la calle de 2017 y 2019 realizados por el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) en Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, Barranquilla y Bucaramanga, indaga las diversas formas femeninas de habitar la calle y las condiciones en que esta se lleva a cabo. Apunta básicamente a eliminar la masculinización de la habitanza de la calle, visibilizando la presencia de mujeres diversas en ciclos de vida y con vivencias expulsoras antes y de hábitos de subsistencia y manutención durante su permanencia en la calle.

This article delves into the knowledge of women living on the streets of the five densest cities in the country, taking as a background the patriarchal relations of inequality that permeate the different moments of street life starting with the decision to go out to live in this. With the information available from the censuses of street dwellers of 2017 and 2019 carried out by DANE in Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, Barranquilla and Bucaramanga, it investigates the various female ways of inhabiting the street and the conditions in which it is carried out. It basically aims to eliminate the masculinization of street living, making visible the presence of diverse women in life cycles and with expeller experiences before and of subsistence and maintenance habits during their stay on the street.

Beneficial effects of Pilates exercise on female sexual dysfunction: A prospective pilot study / Efectos beneficiosos del ejercicio de Pilates en la disfunción sexual femenina: un estudio piloto prospectivo

Objective: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a significant public health issue, and it has a high global prevalence. Few effective treatment options are available for the treatment of FSD. We conducted a prospective clinical pilot study to investigate the beneficial effects of Pilates exercise on sexual function in women with FSD. Methods: Women aged between 20 and 50 years and who had regular menstrual cycles and sexual relationships and participating Pilates exercise program were asked to complete Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaires before starting the Pilates exercise program. If the total FSFI score was less than 26.55, which is the cut-off for FSD, the subject was invited to participate in the study. Primary endpoints were changes in total and individual domain scores on the FSFI and BDI. Results: A total of 36 premenopausal women were included in the study. After a 12-week Pilates program, all domains of the FSFI were significantly improved, with mean±SD total FSFI scores increasing from 12.0±4.9 to 29.3±3.4 (P<0.0001). BDI scores were significantly decreased from 25.1±14.3 to 1.6±3.7 (P<0.0001) after the exercise program. Conclusions: This pilot study showed that Pilates exercise could improve sexual functions in women with FSD. Pilates may facilitate the treatment of sexual dysfunction in women. (AU)

Objetivo: La disfunción sexual femenina (DSF) es un importante problema de salud pública, y tiene una alta prevalencia mundial. Se dispone de pocas opciones terapéuticas eficaces para el tratamiento de la DSF. Realizamos un estudio piloto clínico prospectivo para investigar los efectos beneficiosos del ejercicio de Pilates en la función sexual de las mujeres con DSF. Métodos: A las mujeres de entre 20 y 50 años que tenían ciclos menstruales y relaciones sexuales regulares, y que participaban en el programa de ejercicios de Pilates se les pidió que completaran los cuestionarios del Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI) y del índice de función sexual femenina (FSFI) antes de comenzar el programa de ejercicios de Pilates. Si la puntuación total del FSFI era inferior a 26,55, que es el punto de corte para la FSD, se invitaba al sujeto a participar en el estudio. Los puntos finales primarios fueron los cambios en las puntuaciones totales y de dominio individual en el FSFI y el BDI. Resultados: Un total de 36 mujeres premenopáusicas fueron incluidas en el estudio. Después de un programa de Pilates de 12 semanas, todos los dominios del FSFI mejoraron significativamente, con puntuaciones medias±SD del FSFI total que aumentaron de 12,0±4,9 a 29,3±3,4 (p<0,0001). Las puntuaciones del BDI disminuyeron significativamente de 25,1±14,3 a 1,6±3,7 (p<0,0001) después del programa de ejercicios. Conclusiones: Este estudio piloto mostró que el ejercicio de Pilates podría mejorar las funciones sexuales en las mujeres con FSD. El Pilates puede facilitar el tratamiento de la disfunción sexual en las mujeres. (AU)

Prognostic factors and treatment outcomes for female urinary incontinence rehabilitation.

INTRODUCTION: Urinary incontinence (UI) is the involuntary loss of urine. It is highly prevalent in women and has a great biopsychosocial impact. Rehabilitation is established as the first-line treatment, although its use has not been protocolized. OBJECTIVE: To identify which personal risk factors and type of treatment applied are statistically related to patient improvement. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of female patients diagnosed with urinary incontinence who attended the Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Clinic of the Río Hortega University Hospital, receiving rehabilitation treatment during the year 2021. The minimum follow-up period was 12 weeks. The presence or absence of improvement was evaluated according to seven objective and subjective variables, and improvement was established as positive evolution in at least five of the seven variables. RESULTS: A total of 114 women with urinary incontinence were analyzed. The most frequent types of incontinence were stress (53%) and mixed (36%). The most important risk factors and associated pathology were episiotomy (68%), repeated urinary tract infections (61%), and constipation (40.9%). None of these factors showed a statistically significant relationship with patient improvement. The most used rehabilitative treatment was kinesitherapy+biofeedback (51%) which showed a statistically significant relationship with the improvement of these patients (P=.037) together with biofeedback+posterior tibial nerve electrostimulation (PTNS) (P=.044). CONCLUSION: Biofeedback combined with kinesitherapy or PTNS are established as the most effective rehabilitative procedures.

Correlation between imaging findings and hormonal markers at the onset of puberty in girls.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of transabdominal pelvic ultrasonography and bone age in identifying the onset of puberty in girls at the Clínica Las Américas in Medellín, Colombia. METHODS: We included girls aged ≤11 years referred to our clinic between March 2016 and March 2019 for signs of puberty. We compared the findings on pelvic and breast ultrasonography and bone age versus the baseline measurement of luteinizing hormone (LH) in serum, used as the reference standard for identifying the onset of puberty. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and positive and negative likelihood ratios, analyzing subgroups of patients of different ages. RESULTS: We analyzed 43 patients. Ultrasound assessment of breast development had the highest sensitivity (94.1%) of all the imaging parameters evaluated, but its specificity was low. However, characteristics such as the length of the body of the uterus >3.0 cm and the presence of endometrial echoes were highly specific for identifying the onset of puberty, particularly in patients aged ≤8 years. CONCLUSION: Pelvic ultrasonography, ultrasonographic assessment of Tanner stage of breast development, and the evaluation of bone age are useful tools for the imaging confirmation of the onset of puberty. The results of this study support the use of these techniques in clinical practice in the workup for pubertal disorders in girls.

Correlación entre hallazgos de imagen y marcadores hormonales en el inicio de la pubertad femenina / Correlation between imaging findings and hormonal markers at the onset of puberty in girls

Introducción El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el desempeño diagnóstico de la ecografía pélvica transabdominal, la evaluación del desarrollo mamario por ecografía y la edad ósea en la identificación del inicio de la pubertad, en población pediátrica femenina de la Clínica Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia. Métodos Se incluyeron pacientes femeninas de 11 años o menos, remitidas entre marzo de 2016 y marzo de 2019 por la aparición de signos de inicio de la pubertad. Se usó como estándar de referencia para el diagnóstico de pubertad la medición basal de hormona luteinizante (LH) sérica, con la cual se comparó la ultrasonografía pélvica y mamaria, así como la edad ósea. Se realizaron cálculos de sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos positivo y negativo (VPP y VPN), razones de verosimilitud (LR+y LR-) y análisis por subgrupos de edades. Se analizaron 43 pacientes. La evaluación ecográfica del desarrollo mamario demostró la sensibilidad más alta (94,1%) dentro de todos los parámetros de imagen evaluados, aunque con baja especificidad. No obstante, características como la longitud del cuerpo del útero mayor de 3,0cm y la presencia de eco endometrial fueron altamente específicas para la identificación del inicio de la pubertad, particularmente en pacientes de 8 años o menos. Conclusión La ecografía pélvica, la valoración ecográfica del Tanner mamario y la evaluación de la edad ósea son herramientas útiles para la confirmación por imagen del inicio de la pubertad. Los resultados de este estudio apoyan su utilización en la práctica clínica, en el abordaje de trastornos puberales en niñas. (AU)

Introduction This study aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of transabdominal pelvic ultrasonography and bone age in identifying the onset of puberty in girls at the Clínica Las Américas in Medellín, Colombia. Methods We included girls aged ≤ 11 years referred to our clinic between March 2016 and March 2019 for signs of puberty. We compared the findings on pelvic and breast ultrasonography and bone age versus the baseline measurement of luteinizing hormone (LH) in serum, used as the reference standard for identifying the onset of puberty. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and positive and negative likelihood ratios, analyzing subgroups of patients of different ages. Results We analyzed 43 patients. Ultrasound assessment of breast development had the highest sensitivity (94.1%) of all the imaging parameters evaluated, but its specificity was low. However, characteristics such as the length of the body of the uterus> 3.0cm and the presence of endometrial echoes were highly specific for identifying the onset of puberty, particularly in patients aged ≤ 8 years. Conclusion Pelvic ultrasonography, ultrasonographic assessment of Tanner stage of breast development, and the evaluation of bone age are useful tools for the imaging confirmation of the onset of puberty. The results of this study support the use of these techniques in clinical practice in the workup for pubertal disorders in girls. (AU)

Beneficial effects of Pilates exercise on female sexual dysfunction: A prospective pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a significant public health issue, and it has a high global prevalence. Few effective treatment options are available for the treatment of FSD. We conducted a prospective clinical pilot study to investigate the beneficial effects of Pilates exercise on sexual function in women with FSD. METHODS: Women aged between 20 and 50 years and who had regular menstrual cycles and sexual relationships and participating Pilates exercise program were asked to complete Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaires before starting the Pilates exercise program. If the total FSFI score was less than 26.55, which is the cut-off for FSD, the subject was invited to participate in the study. Primary endpoints were changes in total and individual domain scores on the FSFI and BDI. RESULTS: A total of 36 premenopausal women were included in the study. After a 12-week Pilates program, all domains of the FSFI were significantly improved, with mean±SD total FSFI scores increasing from 12.0±4.9 to 29.3±3.4 (P<0.0001). BDI scores were significantly decreased from 25.1±14.3 to 1.6±3.7 (P<0.0001) after the exercise program. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study showed that Pilates exercise could improve sexual functions in women with FSD. Pilates may facilitate the treatment of sexual dysfunction in women.

Una aproximación al perfil de las mujeres extranjeras privadas de libertad en España / An approach to the profile of foreign women in Spanish prisons

En los últimos años la literatura ha indicado que las mujeres reclusas extranjeras presentan una serie de características que difieren de las encontradas en el resto de la población penitencia-ria femenina. En este artículo se analiza su perfil socioeducativo, atendiendo a diversos facto-res relacionados con sus carreras delictivas. Se ha llevado a cabo una investigación de carácter descriptivo no experimental, en la que participaron 159 mujeres extranjeras internas en 6 cen-tros penitenciarios españoles. Los principales resultados ponen de manifiesto que esta pobla-ción comete mayoritariamente delitos contra la salud pública, está condenada a más de 6 años de prisión, apenas presenta toxicomanías y que sus trayectorias laborales están marcadas por una gran precariedad. Se concluye con la necesidad de revisar la respuesta penal, dada su ex-cesiva gravedad para el tráfico de drogas, y de reflexionar sobre las motivaciones económicas que normalmente se encuentran detrás de sus delitos. (AU)

In recent years, the literature has indicated that foreign incarcerated women share a number of characteristics that differ from those found in the rest of the female prison population. This article analyses their socio-educational profile, considering diverse factors related to their criminal careers. For this purpose, a descriptive non-experimental research was carried out, in which 159 foreign female prisoners from 6 Spanish penitentiary centres participated. The main results show that this population mostly commits crimes against public health, is sentenced to more than 6 years of prison, hardly presents drug addictions, and that their la-bour trajectories are marked by a great precariousness. We conclude with the need to review the penal response, given its excessive severity for drug trafficking, and to reflect on the eco-nomic motivations that normally lie behind their offences. (AU)

O dispositivo "antes e depois" nas cirurgias estéticas íntimas: novas formas de materialização das normas de gênero / The "before and after" dispositive in intimate aesthetic surgeries: new ways of materializing gender norms / El dispositivo "antes y después" en las cirugías estéticas íntimas: nuevas formas de materializar las normas de género

Resumo Este artigo tem como ponto de partida uma reflexão sobre a produção de imagens e narrativas circunscritas em torno do dispositivo antes e depois. Argumenta que a divulgação de padrões estéticos, especialmente nas redes sociais, opera de modo a prescrever uma necessária transformação e aprimoramento de si. Analisa relatos de experiências de mulheres que realizaram a chamada cirurgia íntima (ninfoplastia ou redução dos pequenos lábios vaginais) com a intenção de melhoria estética. Os depoimentos provêm de um grupo de discussão em torno desses procedimentos na internet. Nos casos em que as intervenções cirúrgicas são avaliadas negativamente, o antes e depois não se realizam da forma prevista. Nesse cenário, as mulheres tendem a ressignificar a necessidade da cirurgia e a reconhecer a imposição, por parte da sociedade, de padrões corporais idealizados. Este processo é discutido por meio do debate acerca do pós-feminismo e constrangimentos de gênero.

Abstract This article analyzes the production of images and narratives circumscribed around the dispositive before and after. It argues that the dissemination of aesthetic standards, especially on social networks, operates in order to prescribe a necessary transformation and improvement of the self. It analyzes reports of experiences of women who underwent the so-called intimate surgery (nymphoplasty or reduction of the labia minora) with the intention of aesthetic improvement. The testimonies come from a discussion group around these procedures on the internet. In cases where surgical interventions are negatively evaluated, the before and after are not performed as expected. In this scenario, women tend to resignify the need for surgery and recognize the imposition, by society, of idealized body standards. This process is discussed through the debate about post-feminism and gender constraints.

Resumen Este artículo tiene como punto de partida una reflexión sobre la producción de imágenes y narrativas circunscritas en torno al dispositivo antes y después. Argumenta que la difusión de normas estéticas, especialmente en las redes sociales, opera para prescribir una necesaria transformación y mejora del yo. Analiza relatos de experiencias de mujeres que se sometieron a la llamada cirugía íntima (ninfoplastía o reducción de labios menores) con la intención de mejorar estéticamente. Los testimonios provienen de un grupo de discusión sobre estos procedimientos en Internet. En los casos en que las intervenciones quirúrgicas son evaluadas negativamente, el antes y el después no se realizan como se esperaba. En ese escenario, las mujeres tienden a resignificar la necesidad de la cirugía y reconocen la imposición, por parte de la sociedad, de patrones corporales idealizados. Este proceso se discute a través del debate sobre el posfeminismo y las restricciones de género.

La gimnasia expresiva de rudolf bode según teoría general de la gimnasia / A ginástica expressiva de rudolf bode de acordo com a teoria geral da ginástica / Rudolf bode's expressive gymnastics according to general gymnastics theory

Resumen En el presente artículo se analizan algunos aspectos de la singular interpretación de la Gimnasia Expresiva Alemana (GEA) realizada por Alberto Langlade y Nelly Rey de Langlade. Para este análisis se utilizó como fuente principal el libro escrito por los autores Teoría general de la gimnasia, publicado por primera vez en el año 1970. La metodología utilizada para el análisis es de carácter cualitativo-exploratoria. Se pretendió rastrear las redes de sentido de los discursos que atraviesan las diferentes interpretaciones de la obra de Bode realizadas por Langlade y Rey de Langlade.

Resumo Este artigo analisa alguns aspectos da singular interpretação da Ginástica Expressiva Alemã (GEA) por Alberto Langlade e Nelly Rey de Langlade. A principal fonte para esta análise é o livro escrito pelos autores, Teoria Geral da Ginástica, publicado pela primeira vez em 1970. A metodologia utilizada para a análise é de natureza qualitativo-exploratória. O objetivo era traçar as redes de significado dos discursos que atravessam as diferentes interpretações do trabalho de Bode por Langlade e Rey de Langlade.

Abstract This article analyses some aspects of the singular interpretation of German Expressive Gymnastics (GEA) by Alberto Langlade and Nelly Rey de Langlade. The main source for this analysis is the book written by the authors General Theory of Gymnastics, first published in 1970. The methodology used for the analysis is qualitative-exploratory in nature. The aim was to trace the networks of the meaning of the discourses that cut across the different interpretations of Bode's work by Langlade and Rey de Langlade.

Weight loss exercise prescription effects on obese female college students physical health / Efeito da prescrição de exercícios de emagrecimento na saúde física de estudantes universitárias obesas / Efecto de la prescripción de ejercicios para adelgazar en la salud física de estudiantes universitarias obesas

ABSTRACT Introduction The discussion about the impact on the physical and mental health of obese college students is a current issue. The implementation of "weight loss exercise prescription" seeks to discuss weight loss techniques and their effects, problems most faced by obese girls. Objective Explore the effect of sports intervention on the physical and mental health of obese female students. Methods 20 female college students with simple obesity were selected for an 18-week intervention experiment of fitness exercise associated with long-distance running. The physical and mental health of the volunteers was measured before and after the experiment for statistical analysis. Results After 18 weeks of exercise, it was observed that interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, and SCL-90 scores decreased significantly, indicating that the implementation of the exercise prescription had a positive impact on the mental health of obese girls. Across the study, compared to a single exercise method, associated aerobic exercise had a significant effect on improving BMI indicators, body weight, and body fat rate in obese adolescent girls. Conclusion By prescribing exercise for weight loss, one can significantly improve the cardiopulmonary function of obese college students and promote physical health, manifesting in the indices of vital capacity and cardiopulmonary function. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução A discussão sobre o impacto na saúde física e mental de estudantes universitárias obesas é um tema atual. Através da implementação da "prescrição de exercícios de emagrecimento", busca-se discutir tópicos sobre as técnicas de perda de peso e seus efeitos, problemas mais enfrentados pelas meninas obesas. Objetivo Explorar o efeito da intervenção esportiva sobre a saúde física e mental das estudantes obesas. Métodos 20 estudantes universitárias com obesidade simples foram selecionadas para uma experiência de intervenção de 18 semanas de exercício físico de aptidão física associada a corrida de longa distância. A saúde física e mental das voluntárias foi medida antes e depois do experimento para uma análise estatística. Resultados Após 18 semanas de exercícios observou-se que a sensibilidade interpessoal, a depressão, a ansiedade, e a pontuação de SCL-90 diminuíram significativamente, indicando que a implementação da prescrição de exercícios teve um impacto positivo sobre a saúde mental das meninas obesas. Através do estudo, comparado com um único método de exercício, o exercício aeróbico associado apresentou um efeito significativo na melhoria dos indicadores de IMC, no peso corporal e na taxa de gordura corporal das adolescentes obesas. Conclusão Através da prescrição de exercício para perda de peso, pode-se melhorar significativamente a função cardiopulmonar de estudantes universitárias obesas e promover a saúde física, resultado manifestado nos índices de capacidade vital e função cardiopulmonar. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción El debate sobre el impacto en la salud física y mental de las estudiantes universitarias obesas es un tema de la actualidad. A través de la aplicación de la "prescripción de ejercicios para adelgazar", se pretende debatir temas sobre las técnicas de adelgazamiento y sus efectos, los problemas a los que más se enfrentan las chicas obesas. Objetivo Explorar el efecto de la intervención deportiva sobre la salud física y mental de las estudiantes obesas. Métodos Se seleccionaron 20 estudiantes universitarias con obesidad simple para un ensayo de intervención de 18 semanas de ejercicio físico asociado a carreras de larga distancia. Para el análisis estadístico se midió la salud física y mental de los voluntarios antes y después del experimento. Resultados Tras 18 semanas de ejercicio se observó que las puntuaciones de sensibilidad interpersonal, depresión, ansiedad y SCL-90 disminuyeron significativamente, lo que indica que la aplicación de la prescripción de ejercicio tuvo un impacto positivo en la salud mental de las chicas obesas. En todo el estudio, en comparación con un único método de ejercicio, el ejercicio aeróbico asociado mostró un efecto significativo en la mejora de los indicadores del IMC, el peso corporal y el índice de grasa corporal en chicas adolescentes obesas. Conclusión Mediante la prescripción de ejercicio para la pérdida de peso, se puede mejorar significativamente la función cardiopulmonar de las estudiantes universitarias obesas y promover la salud física, resultado que se manifiesta en los índices de capacidad vital y función cardiopulmonar. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.