Effect of Inoculation with Lentilactobacillus buchneri and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei on the Maize Silage Volatilome: The Advantages of Advanced 2D-Chromatographic Fingerprinting Approaches.

In this study, the complex volatilome of maize silage samples conserved for 229 d, inoculated with Lentilactobacillus buchneri (Lbuc) and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (Lpar), is explored by means of advanced fingerprinting methodologies based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The combined untargeted and targeted (UT) fingerprinting strategy covers 452 features, 269 of which were putatively identified and assigned within their characteristic classes. The high amounts of short-chain free fatty acids and alcohols were produced by fermentation and led to a large number of esters. The impact of Lbuc fermentation was not clearly distinguishable from the control samples; however, Lpar had a strong and distinctive signature that was dominated by propionic acid and 1-propanol characteristic volatiles. The approach provides a better understanding of silage stabilization mechanisms against the degradative action of yeasts and molds during the exposure of silage to air.

Effects of wilting and additives on the ensiling quality and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of sudangrass silage.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum on the ensiling quality and in vitro rumen fermentation of sudangrass silage prepared with or without wilting. METHODS: The ensiling experiment, measured with 3 replicates, was carried out according to a 2×4 (wilted stages×additives) factorial treatment structure. Dry matter of the fresh (210 g/kg fresh matter) or wilted (305 g/kg fresh matter) sudangrass were ensiled (packed into 5.0-L plastic jars) without additive (control) or with molasses (M), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), or molasses + Lactobacillus plantarum (M+LP). After 60 days of ensiling, the silages were analyzed for the chemical, fermentation, and in vitro characteristics. RESULTS: After 60 days of ensiling, the fermentation parameters were affected by wilted, the additives and the interactions of wilted with the additives (p<0.05). The M+LP treatment at wilted had higher lactic acid levels and V-score (p<0.05) but lower pH values and butyric acid concentrations than the other treatments. In comparison with sudangrass before ensiling, after ensiling had lower dry matter and higher non-fibrous carbohydrate. The in vitro gas production, in vitro dry matter digestibility, in vitro crude protein digestibility, and in vitro acid fiber detergent digestibility changed under the effects of the additives. Significant interactions were observed between wilted and the additives in terms of in vitro gas production at 48 h, asymptotic gas production, gas production rate, half time, and the average gas production rate. The total volatile fatty acid levels in the additive treatments were higher than those in the control. CONCLUSION: Wilting and supplementation with molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum had the ability to improve the ensiling quality and in vitro nutrient digestibility of sudangrass silage. The M+LP treatment at wilted exhibited the strongest positive effects on silage quality and in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics.

Princípios básicos para produção de silagem / Basic principles for silage production / Principios básicos para la producción de ensilaje

Conservar alimentos na forma de silagem possui grande valia em regiões que ocorre estacionalidade climática, onde o excedente de forragem produzido no período das águas poderá ser utilizado posteriormente na época de estiagem. Para se produzir silagem de qualidade é preciso atentar-se para vários fatores inerentes ao método como também a planta forrageira a ser utilizada. Assim, conhecer os princípios básicos para produção de silagem são de grande valia para se produzir volumoso conservado de qualidade. Objetivou-se apresentar nesta revisão abordar os conceitos sobre a produção de silagem, como também as alterações que ocorrem durante o processo fermentativo. As principais características químicas avaliadas na silagem são: composição química, pH, capacidade tampão, as concentrações de ácidos orgânicos (ácidos láctico, acético, propiônico e butírico) e o nitrogênio amoniacal sob o percentual de nitrogênio total. Conhecer adequadamente as etapas para a produção de silagem são de grande valia para entender como funciona o processo fermentativo e como pode ser maximizado, resultando em silagem de qualidade e consequentemente satisfatório desempenho animal. Logo, com as informações expostas sobre o processo de conservação de forragens na forma de silagem consegue-se adequar a cultura forrageira à técnica, obtendo-se silagens de qualidade.(AU)

Preserving food in the form of silage has great value in regions presenting climatic seasonality, where the surplus of forage produced in the rainy season can be used later in the dry season. In order to produce quality silage, several factors inherent to the method must be considered, as well as the forage plant being used. Thus, knowing the basic principles for silage production is of great value to produce quality bulky preserves. The purpose of this review was to discuss concepts regarding the production of silage as well as the changes that occur during the fermentation process. The main chemical characteristics evaluated in the silage are chemical composition, pH, buffer capacity, organic acid concentrations (lactic, acetic, propionic and butyric acids), and ammoniacal nitrogen under the percentage of total nitrogen. Knowledge of the proper steps for silage production is of great value in understanding how the fermentation process takes place and how to maximize it, resulting in quality silage and consequently satisfactory animal performance. Thus, with the information presented on the process of forage preservation in silage form it is possible to adapt the forage culture to the specific technique, getting it quality silage.(AU)

Conservar alimentos en forma de ensilaje tiene gran valor en regiones que ocurre estacionalidad climática, donde el excedente de forraje producido en el período de las aguas podrá ser utilizado posteriormente en la época de sequía. Para producir ensilaje de calidad es necesario atentarse para varios factores inherentes al método, como también a la planta forrajera a ser utilizada. Así, conocer los principios básicos para la producción de ensilaje es de gran valor para producir abultado conservado de calidad. Se pretendió presentar en esta revisión los conceptos sobre la producción de ensilaje, así como las alteraciones que ocurren durante el proceso fermentativo. Las principales características químicas evaluadas en el ensilaje son: composición química, pH, capacidad tampón, las concentraciones de ácidos orgánicos (ácidos láctico, acético, propiónico y butírico) y el nitrógeno amoniacal bajo el porcentaje de nitrógeno total. Conocer las etapas adecuadamente para la producción de ensilaje es de gran valor para entender cómo funciona el proceso fermentativo y cómo puede ser maximizado, resultando en ensilaje de calidad y consecuentemente satisfactorio desempeño animal. Por lo tanto, con las informaciones expuestas sobre el proceso de conservación de forrajes en la forma de ensilaje, es posible adaptar el cultivo de forrajera a la técnica, conseguirlo ensilajes de calidad.(AU)