Effects of dietary iron supplementation on reproductive performance of sows and growth performance of piglets.

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of dietary iron supplementation from different sources on the reproductive performance of sows and the growth performance of piglets. A total of 87 sows with similar farrowing time were blocked by body weight at day 85 of gestation, and assigned to one of three dietary treatments (n = 29 per treatment): basal diet, basal diet supplemented with 0.2% ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), and basal diet supplemented with 0.2% iron sucrose, respectively, with 30% iron in both FeSO4 and iron sucrose. Compared with the control (CON) group, iron sucrose supplementation reduced the rate of stillbirth and invalid of neonatal piglets (P < 0.05), and the number of mummified fetuses was 0. Moreover, it also improved the coat color of newborn piglets (P < 0.05). At the same time, the iron sucrose could also achieve 100% estrus rate of sows. Compared with the CON group, FeSO4 and iron sucrose supplementation increased the serum iron content of weaned piglets (P < 0.05). In addition, iron sucrose increased serum transferrin level of weaned piglets (P < 0.05) and the survival rate of piglets (P < 0.05). In general, both iron sucrose and FeSO4 could affect the blood iron status of weaned piglets, while iron sucrose also had a positive effect on the healthy development of newborn and weaned piglets, and was more effective than FeSO4 in improving the performance of sows and piglets.

Sows need more iron to meet the requirements for their and offspring's growth during pregnancy and lactation. Exogenous iron supplementation may improve the reproductive performance of sows and the growth performance of piglets, but different sources of iron have different effects. This study facilitates the understanding of the effects of iron sucrose and ferrous sulfate on the reproductive performance of sows and the growth performance of piglets.

Ferrous sulfate combined with ultrasound emulsified cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion to cause ferroptosis in Escherichia coli O157:H7.

The purpose of this study was to investigate ferroptosis in Escherichia coli O157:H7 caused by ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and to examine the synergistic effectiveness of FeSO4 combined with ultrasound-emulsified cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion (CALNO) on inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that FeSO4 could cause ferroptosis in E. coli O157:H7 via generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exacerbating lipid peroxidation. In addition, the results indicated that FeSO4 combined with CALNO had synergistic bactericidal effect against E. coli O157:H7 and the combined treatment could lead considerable nucleic acids and protein to release by damaging the cell membrane of E. coli O157:H7. Besides, FeSO4 combined with CALNO had a strong antibiofilm ability to inhibit E. coli O157:H7 biofilm formation by reducing the expression of genes related on biofilm formation. Finally, FeSO4 combined with CALNO exhibited the significant antibacterial activity against E. coli O157:H7 in hami melon and cherry tomato.

Corrigendum: Safe and effective delivery of supplemental iron to healthy adults: a two-phase, randomized, double-blind trial - the safe iron study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1230061.].

Effect of freeze-thaw frequency plus rainfall on As and Sb metal(loid)s leaching from the solidified/stabilized soil remediated with Fe-based composite agent.

The composite agent of ferrous sulfate, fly ash, and calcium lignosulfonate (FFC) can remediate the soil contaminated by As and Sb under cyclic freeze-thaw (F-T) via stabilization/solidification (S/S). However, the impact of high-frequency F-T cycles on the leaching behavior and migration of As and Sb in FFC-treated soils remains unclear. Here the leaching concentrations, heavy metal speciation (Wenzel's method), and Hydrus-1d simulations were investigated. The results showed that FFC effectively maintained the long-term S/S efficiency of arsenic remediation subject to an extended rainfall and freeze-thaw cycles, and stabilized the easily mobile form of As. The short-term S/S effect on Sb in the remediated soils suffering from F-T cycles was demonstrated in the presence of FFC. In a 20-year span, the mobility of Sb was affected by the number of F-T cycles (FT60 > FT20 > FT40 > FT0) in soil with a depth of 100 cm. As leaching progressed, FFC slowed the upward proportion of adsorbed As fractions but converted parts of the residual Sb to the form of crystalline Fe/Al (hydro) oxide. Moreover, the adsorption rate and capacity of As also preceded that of Sb. Long-term curative effects of FFC could be observed for As, but further development of agents capable of remedying Sb under cyclic F-T and long-term rainfall was needed. The predictive results on the migration and leaching behavior of heavy metals in S/S remediated soils may provide new insight into the long-term assessment of S/S under natural conditions.

Assessment of the stabilization effect of ferrous sulfate for arsenic-contaminated soils based on chemical extraction methods and in vitro methods: Methodological differences and linkages.

Stabilization of arsenic-contaminated soils with ferrous sulfate has been reported in many studies, but there are few stabilization effects assessments simultaneously combined chemical extraction methods and in vitro methods, and further explored the corresponding alternative relationships. In this study, ferrous sulfate was added at FeAs molar ratio of 0, 5, 10 and 20 to stabilize As in 10 As spiked soils. Stabilization effects were assessed by 6 chemical extraction methods (toxicity characteristic leaching procedures (TCLP), HCl, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), CaCl2, CH3COONH4, (NH4)2SO4), and 4 in vitro methods (physiologically based extraction test (PBET), in vitro gastrointestinal method (IVG), Solubility Bioaccessibility Research Consortium (SBRC) method, and the Unified Bioaccessibility Research Group of Europe method (UBM)). The results showed that the HCl method provides the most conservative assessment results in non-calcareous soils, and in alkaline calcareous soils, (NH4)2SO4 method provides a more conservative assessment. In vitro methods provided significantly higher As concentrations than chemical extraction methods. The components of the simulated digestion solution as well as the parameters may have contributed to this result. The small intestinal phase of PBET and SBRC method produced the highest and lowest ranges of As concentrations, and in the range of 127-462 mg/kg and 68-222 mg/kg when the FeAs molar ratio was 5. So the small intestinal phase of PBET method may provide the most conservative assessment results, while the same phase of SBRC may underestimate the human health risks of As in stabilized soil by 51 %(at a FeAs molar ratio of 5). Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the small intestinal phase of PBET method correlated best with HCl method (correlation coefficient: 0.71). This study provides ideas for the assessment of stabilization efforts to ensure that stabilization meets ecological needs while also being less harmful to humans.

Influence of elevated temperature on the species and mobility of chromium in ferrous sulfate-amended contaminated soil.

Ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) combined with acid pretreatment is usually employed to remediate contaminated soils containing Cr(VI). However, the long-term efficiency of this stabilization method is important for its sustainability. In this study, a gradient temperature-elevating exposure test was employed to investigate the stability of Cr in FeSO4-remediated soil when exposed to elevated temperatures (40 °C, 120 °C, and 500 °C), possibly caused by hot weather and/or wildfires. The results of chemical extraction and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) showed that the Cr(VI) in contaminated soil was successfully transformed to Cr(III) after stabilization, resulting in the dramatic decrease of water-leachable Cr(VI). The stabilization efficiency was further improved under 40 °C treatment after 30 days. Subsequently, the 120 °C treatment (7 days) had relatively little effect on the Cr speciation and mobility in soils. However, even one day of 500 °C calcination resulted in the deterioration of stabilization efficiency, and the water-leachable Cr(VI) re-increased and became higher than the Chinese environmental standards (total Cr 15 mg/L, Cr(VI) 5 mg/L) for the classification of hazardous solid wastes. XANES results reflected that heating at 500 °C facilitate the formation of Cr2O3, which was mainly caused by thermal decomposition and dehydration of Cr(OH)3 in the soil. Besides, the transformation of Cr species resulted in the enhanced association of Cr with the most stable residual fraction (88.3%-91.6%) in soil. Based on chemical extraction results, it was suggested that the oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) contributed to the re-increased mobility of Cr(VI) in soil. However, the XANES results showed that almost no significant re-oxidization of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) happened after heating at 500 °C, which was probably caused by XANES linear combination fits (LCF) uncertainties. Moreover, the changes in soil properties, including a rise in pH to a slightly alkaline range and/or the decomposition of organic matter, possibly contributed to the enhanced mobility of Cr(VI) in soil. This study contributes to clarifying the mobility and transformation of Cr in contaminated soils and provides a support for the sustainable management of remediated soils.

The effectiveness of oral bovine lactoferrin compared to iron supplementation in patients with a low hemoglobin profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: Patients with a low serum blood hemoglobin concentration suffer from a pathologic state that contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality figures worldwide. Oral iron supplementation, the most common method of treatment, is reported to have poor patient adherence, due to its unwanted side effects. Lactoferrin is a globular glycoprotein of the transferrin family that has shown promising results in patients with a low hemoglobin profile. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials explore its effect on blood hemoglobin compared to conventional iron preparations. METHODS: We followed the PRISMA Guidelines for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses. A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Cochrane) from inception to June 2022. Meta-analysis was performed on studies where the primary outcome was the mean Hb concentration, comparing lactoferrin to ferrous sulfate subgroups. We assessed the methodological quality of the trials using the Jadad scoring scale. RESULTS: Nineteen trials published between 2006 and 2022 met the eligibility criteria. It has been found that the levels of Hb concentration in different populations with varying health conditions undergo a moderate to significant change after treatment with all types of trialed interventions, including both iron and lactoferrin treatment, in both the intervention group and the comparison group. Most of the studies report that LF showed a statistically significant increase in Hb concentration levels, compared to those in the iron group. The meta-analysis included seven trials comparing the effectiveness of lactoferrin to ferrous sulfate for patients with low Hb concentration. The analysis showed a statistically significant increase in Hb levels in the oral bovine lactoferrin group compared to ferrous sulfate (SMD -0.81, 95% CI: -1.21, -0.42, p < 0.0001, I2 = 95.8%, P heterogeneity < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Lactoferrin is an effective intervention at doses of 100-250 ng/day, for patients with a low Hb concentration. As a safer option and with high compliance evidence, lactoferrin can serve as an iron replacement treatment for patients who may be experiencing adverse side effects due to iron intake.

Efficient removal and transformation of Cr(VI) from alkaline wastewater to form a ferrochromium spinel multiphase via a modified ferrite process.

Chromium-containing wastewater causes serious environmental pollution due to the harmfulness of Cr(VI). The ferrite process is typically used to treat chromium-containing wastewater and recycle the valuable chromium metal. However, the current ferrite process is unable to fully transform Cr(VI) into chromium ferrite under mild reaction conditions. This paper proposes a novel ferrite process to treat chromium-containing wastewater and recover valuable chromium metal. The process combines FeSO4 reduction and hydrothermal treatment to remove Cr(VI) and form chromium ferrite composites. The Cr(VI) concentration in the wastewater was reduced from 1040 mg L-1 to 0.035 mg L-1, and the Cr(VI) leaching toxicity of the precipitate was 0.21 mg L-1 under optimal hydrothermal conditions. The precipitate consisted of micron-sized ferrochromium spinel multiphase with polyhedral structure. The mechanism of Cr(VI) removal involved three steps: 1) partial oxidation of FeSO4 to Fe(III) hydroxide and oxy-hydroxide; 2) reduction of Cr(VI) by FeSO4 to Cr(III) and Fe(III) precipitates; 3) transformation and growth of the precipitates into chromium ferrite composites. This process meets the release standards of industrial wastewater and hazardous waste and can improve the efficiency of the ferrite process for toxic heavy metal removal.

Anemia ferropénica en el embarazo: esquema de sulfato ferroso intermitente en comparación con el continuo / Iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy: comparison of intermittent versus continuous ferrous sulphate regimen

Resumen OBJETIVO: Comparar las concentraciones de hemoglobina en embarazadas con anemia por deficiencia de hierro que recibieron un tratamiento intermitente en comparación con el continuo de 200 mg de sulfato ferroso por vía oral. Además, comparar la frecuencia de efectos secundarios del tratamiento intermitente con el continuo. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Ensayo clínico, aleatorizado, no cegado, efectuado en la Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Ginecoobstetricia 4 Luis Castelazo Ayala, IMSS, en pacientes de 18 a 35 años atendidas entre los meses de enero a marzo del 2023 con 30 o más semanas de embarazo, diagnóstico de anemia ferropénica (definida operativamente solo con una biometría hemática inferior a 11 g/dL, con hipocromía y microcitosis), sin antecedentes de enfermedad crónico-degenerativa. El análisis estadístico se procesó en el programa SPSS v21, la distribución y características de la muestra con análisis univariado, seguido de un análisis bivariado con t de Student y diferencia de medias. Se consideró con significación estadística el valor de p < 0.05. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 32 pacientes: 16 con esquema continuo y 16 con el intermitente. Ambos grupos con incremento de 1 g/dL entre la hemoglobina inicial y final (p < 0.01), con una diferencia de medias entre el aumento de los grupos con p = 0.4. Con disminución significativa de la epigastralgia y la náusea. CONCLUSIONES: El tratamiento intermitente con sulfato ferroso incrementa las concentraciones de hemoglobina igual que un esquema continuo, pero con menos efectos adversos.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To compare hemoglobin concentrations in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia who received intermittent versus continuous treatment with 200 mg oral ferrous sulfate. In addition, to compare the incidence of side effects of intermittent versus continuous treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Randomized, non-blinded, clinical trial conducted at the Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Ginecoobstetricia 4 Luis Castelazo Ayala, IMSS, in patients aged 18 to 35 years attended between January and March 2023 with 30 or more weeks of pregnancy, diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia (operationally defined only with a blood biometry lower than 11 g/dL, with hypochromia and microcytosis), without a history of chronic degenerative disease. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS v21 program, distribution and characteristics of the sample with univariate analysis, followed by bivariate analysis with Student's t and mean difference. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were studied: 16 with continuous and 16 with intermittent regimen. Both groups with increase of 1 g/dL between initial and final hemoglobin (p < 0.01), with a mean difference between groups increase with p = 0.4. With significant reduction in epigastralgia and nausea. CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent treatment with ferrous sulfate increases hemoglobin concentrations.

Nivel de conocimiento y adhesión al tratamiento de pacientes con anemia gestacional / Level of knowledge and adherence to treatment in patients with gestational anemia

Resumen OBJETIVO: Determinar la relación entre el nivel de conocimiento y la adhesión al régimen prescrito de sulfato ferroso y ácido fólico para prevenir o tratar la anemia gestacional en pacientes atendidas en un hospital público del Perú. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de serie de casos, transversal y prospectivo llevado a cabo entre febrero y abril de 2022 en pacientes en el puerperio inmediato con diagnóstico de anemia gestacional establecido dos meses antes del término del embarazo. Se evaluaron los conocimientos mediante un cuestionario y la adhesión mediante la prueba de Morisky-Green-Levine, ambos instrumentos validados y fiables. El análisis estadístico se procesó en el programa STATA; se utilizaron χ2 de Pearson y el modelo lineal generalizado de la familia de Poisson con varianza robusta y nivel de confianza del 95%. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 217 pacientes; 2 de cada 10 tenían diagnóstico de anemia gestacional y cumplían el tratamiento. En conjunto, el 71.89% de las participantes tenía un conocimiento adecuado de la importancia del tratamiento con sulfato ferroso y ácido fólico, y el 23.96% alcanzó un nivel intermedio. La relación entre el nivel de conocimientos y el apego se aproximó a la significación estadística (p = 0.05 RPa:1.63; IC95%: 0.99-2.71), establecida mediante análisis ajustado. El conocimiento de la importancia del tratamiento antianémico para la madre multiplicó por tres la prevalencia de la adherencia (p = 0.04; RPa: 3.17; IC95%: 1.04-9.72). CONCLUSIÓN: El conocimiento por parte de las madres de la importancia del tratamiento antianémico aumentó significativamente la adherencia.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and adherence to the prescribed regimen of ferrous sulfate and folic acid to prevent or treat gestational anemia in patients attended in a public hospital in Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, descriptive, case series, cross-sectional and prospective study carried out between February and April 2022 in patients in the immediate postpartum period with a diagnosis of gestational anemia established two months before the end of pregnancy. Knowledge was assessed by means of a questionnaire and adherence by means of the Morisky-Green-Levine test, both validated and reliable instruments. Statistical analysis was performed with the STATA program; Pearson's χ2 and the generalized linear model of the Poisson family with robust variance and 95% confidence level were used. RESULTS: A total of 217 patients were studied; 2 out of 10 had a diagnosis of gestational anemia and were compliant with treatment. Overall, 71.89% of the participants had adequate knowledge of the importance of treatment with ferrous sulfate and folic acid, and 23.96% reached an intermediate level. The relationship between the level of knowledge and adherence was close to statistical significance (p = 0.05 RPa:1.63; 95%CI: 0.99-2.71), established by adjusted analysis. Understanding the importance of antianemic treatment for the mother increased the prevalence of adherence threefold (p = 0.04; RPa: 3.17; 95%CI: 1.04-9.72). CONCLUSION: Mothers' knowledge of the importance of antianemic treatment significantly increased adherence.

Sucrose, NaCl, and citric acid suppress the metallic sensation of FeSO4.

Metallic sensation is often described as unpleasant and can reduce acceptance of foods and beverages and compliance with medication. Masking and suppressing aversive sensations can help to improve acceptance of these products, with many successful strategies identified for bitterness. However, there are few studies investigating effective strategies for suppressing metallic sensation. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of mixture suppression to reduce the metallic sensation elicited from ferrous sulfate and examine whether individual differences in metallic sensation are associated with the effectiveness of suppression strategies. To achieve this, participants (n = 121) reported the intensity of suprathreshold concentrations of ferrous sulfate alone and in binary mixtures with three tastants, specifically, sucrose, citric acid, and sodium chloride. The results revealed that metallic sensation ratings were significantly lower for every binary mixture tested compared to ferrous sulfate presented in isolation. For 0.3 mM ferrous sulfate, sucrose was identified to be the most effective compound in suppressing metallic sensation, followed by citric acid and sodium chloride. For the 1.0 mM ferrous sulfate solutions, all tastants were equally effective at suppressing metallic sensation. In addition, there is a significant interaction between the perceived metallic intensity and the effectiveness of each strategy. These findings suggest that sucrose, citric acid, and sodium chloride have the potential to be effective in suppressing metallic sensation.

Use of antianemics in prenatal care: A population cohort from a capital city in the North region of Brazil.

Anemia during pregnancy is a significant risk factor for adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and maternal mortality. In Brazil, anemia prevention and treatment programs are available, but regional variations in prevalence and factors associated with antianemic drug use remain understudied. The objective was to identify the prevalence of gestational anemia and the factors associated with the use of antianemic drugs during pregnancy in a cross-sectional population-based study carried out in Rio Branco, AC. To do so, we planned a cross-sectional, population-based study with a total of 1190 postpartum women who gave birth between April 6 and July 10, 2015, were interviewed about demographic, socioeconomic, reproductive, and prenatal care factors. The prevalence of anemia during pregnancy was found to be 13.8 %, with 93.2 % of women using antianemic drugs, such as ferrous sulfate and folic acid. Factors positively associated with antianemic drug use were higher education (elementary school II RCajust = 2.46; 95 %, CI: 1.01-6.13; high school RCajust = 2.61; 95 %, CI: 1.11-6.12), primiparity (ACadjust = 1.69; 95 %, CI: 0.98-3.74), 6 to 8 prenatal consultations (ACjust = 2.16; 95, CI%: 1.15-4.05), and planned pregnancy (ARjust = 1.94; 95 %, CI: 1.05-3.74). Food security during pregnancy was inversely associated. These findings suggest that while anemia prevention and treatment programs exist, more targeted strategies are needed, particularly for women with lower socioeconomic status, to improve maternal and fetal health outcomes.

Effect of Linear Energy Transfer on Cystamine's Radioprotective Activity: A Study Using the Fricke Dosimeter with 6-500 MeV per Nucleon Carbon Ions-Implication for Carbon Ion Hadrontherapy.

(1) Background: Radioprotective agents have garnered considerable interest due to their prospective applications in radiotherapy, public health medicine, and situations of large-scale accidental radiation exposure or impending radiological emergencies. Cystamine, an organic diamino-disulfide compound, is recognized for its radiation-protective and antioxidant properties. This study aims to utilize the aqueous ferrous sulfate (Fricke) dosimeter to measure the free-radical scavenging capabilities of cystamine during irradiation by fast carbon ions. This analysis spans an energy range from 6 to 500 MeV per nucleon, which correlates with "linear energy transfer" (LET) values ranging from approximately 248 keV/µm down to 9.3 keV/µm. (2) Methods: Monte Carlo track chemistry calculations were used to simulate the radiation-induced chemistry of aerated Fricke-cystamine solutions across a broad spectrum of cystamine concentrations, ranging from 10-6 to 1 M. (3) Results: In irradiated Fricke solutions containing cystamine, cystamine is observed to hinder the oxidation of Fe2+ ions, an effect triggered by oxidizing agents from the radiolysis of acidic water, resulting in reduced Fe3+ ion production. Our simulations, conducted both with and without accounting for the multiple ionization of water, confirm cystamine's ability to capture free radicals, highlighting its strong antioxidant properties. Aligning with prior research, our simulations also indicate that the protective and antioxidant efficiency of cystamine diminishes with increasing LET of the radiation. This result can be attributed to the changes in the geometry of the track structures when transitioning from lower to higher LETs. (4) Conclusions: If we can apply these fundamental research findings to biological systems at a physiological pH, the use of cystamine alongside carbon-ion hadrontherapy could present a promising approach to further improve the therapeutic ratio in cancer treatments.

Ferrous Sulfate-Mediated Control of Phytophthora capsici Pathogenesis and Its Impact on Pepper Plant.

Phytophthora capsici, a destructive fungal pathogen, poses a severe threat to pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) crops worldwide, causing blights that can result in substantial yield losses. Traditional control methods often come with environmental concerns or entail substantial time investments. In this research, we investigate an alternative approach involving ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) application to combat P. capsici and promote pepper growth. We found that FeSO4 effectively inhibits the growth of P. capsici in a dose-dependent manner, disrupting mycelial development and diminishing pathogenicity. Importantly, FeSO4 treatment enhances the biomass and resistance of pepper plants, mitigating P. capsici-induced damage. Microbiome analysis demonstrates that FeSO4 significantly influences soil microbial communities, particularly fungi, within the pepper root. Metabolomics data reveal extensive alterations in the redox metabolic processes of P. capsici under FeSO4 treatment, leading to compromised cell membrane permeability and oxidative stress in the pathogen. Our study presents FeSO4 as a promising and cost-effective solution for controlling P. capsici in pepper cultivation while simultaneously promoting plant growth. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the intricate interactions between iron, pathogen control, and plant health, offering a potential tool for sustainable pepper production.

[Preparation of Iron-improved Blue Algae Biochar and Its Co-adsorption Mechanism for Phosphorus in Surface Water].

To alleviate the problems of eutrophication and blue algae accumulation in water, biochar was prepared from blue algae dehydrated using polymerized ferrous sulfate(PFS) to absorb phosphate in water, and the biochar was activated using steam to adjust the pore structure. The preparation conditions of blue algae biochar were optimized using the response surface method. The optimal results were as follows:the dosage of PFS was 458 mg·L-1, the carbonization temperature was 433℃, and the mass ratio of biochar precursor to steam was 1:11. Biochar without PFS(F0H11-433) and biochar with PFS(F458H11-433) were characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), zeta potential, and Raman spectra(Raman) were used to study whether blue algae biochar and PFS had a synergic effect on phosphate removal. The results showed that:compared with F0H11-433, iron oxide appeared on the surface, the zero point of charge(pHpzc) increased from 4.41 to 6.19, and the disorder and defect degree of biochar was increased in F458H11-433. The pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir model were suitable for describing the adsorption process of F458H11-433, and the saturated adsorption capacity was 31.97 mg·g-1. F458H11-433 had excellent phosphorus removal efficiency in actual lake water, and the residual phosphate content of effluent was less than 0.025 mg·L-1. In the presence of several common anions, it still showed excellent selective adsorption. After five cycles, the phosphate removal of F458H11-433 still reached 75.78%, indicating that F458H11-433 had the characteristic of being renewable. Combined with the material characterization results before and after adsorption, the phosphorus removal mechanism of F458H11-433 mainly involved electrostatic attraction and ligand exchange.

Safe and effective delivery of supplemental iron to healthy adults: a two-phase, randomized, double-blind trial - the safe iron study.

Introduction: The safety of novel forms of iron in healthy, iron-replete adults as might occur if used in population-based iron supplementation programs was examined. We tested the hypotheses that supplementation with nanoparticulate iron hydroxide adipate tartrate (IHAT), an iron-enriched Aspergillus oryzae product (ASP), or ferrous sulphate heptahydrate (FS) are safe as indicated by erythrocyte susceptibility to malarial infection, bacterial proliferation, and gut inflammation. Responses to FS administered daily or weekly, and with or without other micronutrients were compared. Methods: Two phases of randomized, double-blinded trials were conducted in Boston, MA. Phase I randomized 160 volunteers to six treatments: placebo, IHAT, ASP, FS, and FS plus a micronutrient powder (MNP) administrated daily at 60 mg Fe/day; and FS administered as a single weekly dose of 420 mg Fe. Phase II randomized 86 volunteers to IHAT, ASP, or FS administered at 120 mg Fe/day. Completing these phases were 151 and 77 participants, respectively. The study was powered to detect effects on primary endpoints: susceptibility of participant erythrocytes to infection by Plasmodium falciparum, the proliferation potential of selected pathogenic bacteria in sera, and markers of gut inflammation. Secondary endpoints for which the study was not powered included indicators of iron status and gastrointestinal symptoms. Results: Supplementation with any form of iron did not affect any primary endpoint. In Phase I, the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with FS was unaffected by dosing with MNP or weekly administration; but participants taking IHAT more frequently reported abdominal pain (27%, p < 0.008) and nausea (4%, p = 0.009) than those taking FS, while those taking ASP more frequently reported nausea (8%, p = 0.009). Surprisingly, only 9% of participants taking IHAT at 120 mg Fe/day (Phase II) reported abdominal pain and no other group reported that symptom. Discussion: With respect to the primary endpoints, few differences were found when comparing these forms of iron, indicating that 28 days of 60 or 120 mg/day of IHAT, ASP, or FS may be safe for healthy, iron-replete adults. With respect to other endpoints, subjects receiving IHAT more frequently reported abdominal pain and nausea, suggesting the need for further study. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03212677; registered: 11 July 2017.

Effects of ferrous sulfate modification on the fate of phosphorous in sewage sludge biochar and its releasing mechanisms in heavy metal contaminated soils.

Modifications of sludge biochar with metal-based materials can enhance its fertilizing efficiency and improve safety. To elucidate the effects of ferrous sulfate modification on the fate of phosphorus in sludge biochar and its effect on phosphorus fractionation in soil, we investigated the changes in fractionation and bioavailability of phosphorus in modified sludge biochar and studied the changes in soil characteristics, microbial diversity and response, bioavailability, plant uptake of phosphorus, and heavy metals in contaminated soils after treatment with ferrous sulfate modified sludge biochar. The results demonstrated that ferrous sulfate modifications were conducive to the formation of moderately labile phosphorus in sludge biochar, and the concentrations increased by a factor of 2.7 compared to control. The application of ferrous sulfate-modified sludge biochar to alkaline heavy metal-contaminated soils enhanced the bioavailable, labile, and moderately labile phosphorus contents by a factor of 2.9, 3.0, and 1.6, respectively, whereas it obviously reduced the leachability and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils, exhibited great potentials in the fertilization and remediation of actual heavy metal-contaminated soils in mining areas. The biochar-induced reduction in soil pH, enhancement of organic matter, surface oxygen-containing functional groups, the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria, and its phosphonate degradation activity were primarily responsible for the solubilization of phosphorus from modified biochar in heavy metal-contaminated soils.

Iron pill aspiration syndrome: A case report and literature review.

Aspiration of iron pill containing ferrous sulfate into the airway can induce fulminant chemical burn and necrosis of the airway mucosa. Acute chemical burn and inflammatory response can result in life-threatening airway compromise. It can also result in long-term sequelae including but not limited to fibrosis and airway stenosis. Considering the common use of iron supplements, and the potential severity of aspiration related airway injury, clinicians should be fully cognizant of the interaction between aspirated iron and airway passages. Herein, we present a case report with pertinent review of the literature.

SIMULTANEOUS INTAKE OF LIQUID L-T4 FORMULATION AND IRON SALT: FACT OR FICTION?

Context: Hypothyroidism and iron deficiency are among the most common pathologies in population. Therefore, there are a lot of patients assuming both iron salt supplements and levothyroxine therapy. Objective: To evaluate the effect of iron salt intake on L-T4 absorption among different L-T4 formulations. Materials and methods: A PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus research was performed. Original studies and reviews written in English and published online up to 21 December 2022 were selected and reviewed. The final reference list was defined based on the relevance of each paper to the scope of this review. Results: The data show an impaired absorption of L-T4 in tablets formulation when taken concomitantly with iron salt supplements. These phenomena seem to be circumvented by new L-T4 formulations. Conclusion: Liquid L-T4 formulations can be ingested with iron salts, with no impairment of absorption. More studies are necessary to confirm these data for soft-gel capsules L-T4.

Antioxidant Effects of Argan Oil and Olive Oil against Iron-Induced Oxidative Stress: In Vivo and In Vitro Approaches.

Recently, the study of the protective powers of medicinal plants has become the focus of several studies. Attention has been focused on the identification of new molecules with antioxidant and chelating properties to counter reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved as key elements in several pathologies. Considerable attention is given to argan oil (AO) and olive oil (OO) due to their particular composition and preventive properties. Our study aimed to determine the content of AO and OO on phenolic compounds, chlorophylls, and carotenoid pigments and their antioxidant potential by FRAP and DPPH tests. Thus, several metallic elements can induce oxidative stress, as a consequence of the formation of ROS. Iron is one of these metal ions, which participates in the generation of free radicals, especially OH from H2O2 via the Fenton reaction, initiating oxidative stress. To study the antioxidant potential of AO and OO, we evaluated their preventives effects against oxidative stress induced by ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) in the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis and mice. Then, we evaluated the activities of the enzymatic (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) and metabolite markers (lipid peroxidation (MDA) and glutathione (GSH)) of the antioxidant balance. The results of the antioxidant compounds show that both oils contain phenolic compounds and pigments. Moreover, AO and OO exhibit antioxidant potential across FRAP and DPPH assays. On the other hand, the results in Tetrahymena pyriformis and mice show a variation in the level of iron-changed SOD and GPx activities and MDA and GSH levels. By contrast, treating Tetrahymena pyriformis and mice with argan and olive oils shows significant prevention in the SOD and GPx activities. These results reveal that the iron-changed ROS imbalance can be counteracted by AO and OO, which is probably related to their composition, especially their high content of polyphenols, sterols, and tocopherols, which is underlined by their antioxidant activities.