Chorioangioma: a single tertiary care center retrospective study.

OBJECTIVES: Chorioangioma represents a challenge due to the rarity of the condition, paucity of sufficient management guidelines, and controversies regarding the best invasive fetal therapy option; most of the scientific evidence for clinical treatment has been limited to case reports. The aim of this retrospective study was to review the natural antenatal history, maternal and fetal complications, and therapeutic modalities used in pregnancies complicated with placental chorioangioma at a single Center. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSH&RC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Our study population included all pregnancies with ultrasound features of chorioangioma, or histologically confirmed chorioangiomas, between January 2010 and December 2019. Data were collected from the patients' medical records, including the ultrasound reports and histopathology results. All subjects were kept anonymous; case numbers were used as identifiers. Data collected by the investigators were entered into Excel worksheets in an encrypted format. A MEDLINE database was used to retrieve 32 articles for literature review. RESULTS: Over a 10-year period between January 2010 and December 2019, 11 cases of chorioangioma were identified. Ultrasound remains the gold standard for diagnosis and follow-up of the pregnancy. Seven of the 11 cases were detected by ultrasound, allowing proper fetal surveillance and antenatal follow-up. Of the remaining six patients, one underwent radiofrequency ablation, two underwent intrauterine transfusion for fetal anemia due to placenta chorioangioma, one had vascular embolization with an adhesive material, and two were managed conservatively until term with ultrasound surveillance. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound remains the gold standard modality for prenatal diagnosis and follow-up of pregnancies with suspected chorioangiomas. Tumor size and vascularity play a significant role in the development of maternal-fetal complications and the success of fetal interventions. To determine the superior modality of fetal intervention mandates more data and research; nevertheless, Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation and embolization with adhesive material seem to be a lead choice, with reasonable fetal survival.

Fetal pulmonary artery Doppler evaluation in pregnant women after recovery from COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate fetal lung development using pulmonary artery Doppler in pregnant women who had recovered from COVID-19. METHODS: The prospective case-control study included 41 pregnant women who had recovered from COVID-19 and 43 healthy pregnant women (control group). All the women in the study group had been diagnosed with COVID-19 and had completed a quarantine period. RESULTS: The demographic data of patients were similar in the groups (P > 0.05). Main pulmonary artery peak systolic velocity was higher and pulsatility indices were lower in pregnant women who recovered from COVID-19 compared to the controls (P < 0.001, P = 0.001). Acceleration time, ejection time, and acceleration/ejection time ratio (PATET) of the fetal MPA Doppler were significantly decreased in pregnant women who recovered from COVID-19 (P < 0.001, P = 0.036, and P = 0.002, respectively). The patients who had recovered from COVID-19 were divided into two groups: those treated with expectant management and those treated in hospital. The pulmonary artery acceleration time and PATET ratio were significantly lower in the group treated in the hospital (P = 0.023 and P = 0.045, respectively). CONCLUSION: Detailed Doppler evaluations of the pulmonary artery may help in evaluating the fetal adverse effects of COVID-19 disease.

Doppler assessment of the fetus in pregnant women recovered from COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the maternal-fetal Doppler patterns in pregnant women recovered from COVID-19. METHODS: This prospective case-control study was conducted in Ankara City Hospital between July 1, 2020 and August 30, 2020. Thirty pregnant women who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and completed the quarantine process were compared with 40 healthy pregnant women in terms of the fetal Doppler parameters. All pregnant women diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection were followed up in our clinic and their diagnoses have been confirmed in nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples by quantitative real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Doppler ultrasonographic assessment of the uterine arteries (UtA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were used in addition to umbilical artery (UA) Doppler between 23 and 40 weeks of gestation. Also, cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) was calculated according to gestational age. RESULTS: The pulsatility and resistance indices of umbilical and UtA showed a significant increase in pregnant women in the study group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that pulsatility and resistance indices of the mean UtA were independently associated with disease (OR > 1000, 95%CI 9.77 to >1000, p = 0.009; OR 0,000 95%CI 0,000-0,944, p = 0,049), respectively. Medical treatment was given to 16/30 (53%) of pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, uterine artery Doppler indices in the third trimester may have clinical value in pregnant women recovered from COVID-19.

The risk of preterm birth associated with a low cerebroplacental ratio.

OBJECTIVE: This paper investigated whether a cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) < 10th centile (measured between 23 + 0-36 + 0 weeks gestation) is predictive of any preterm birth, birth within 2 weeks of the ultrasound scan or spontaneous preterm birth. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of 8977 women during 2014 and 2015 at a major tertiary referral hospital. Selection criteria included women who had a nonanomalous, singleton fetus and underwent an ultrasound scan between 23 + 0-36 + 6 weeks gestation. RESULTS: A low CPR increased the risk of preterm birth or birth within 2 weeks of the scan with the highest odds of birth within 2 weeks seen at 28-week gestation (odds ratio (OR) 3.78, 95%CI 1.63-8.77) - the mode of delivery was most likely emergency caesarean section for nonreassuring fetal status (aOR 2.11, 95%CI 1.69-2.64, p < .001). Neonatal outcomes were worse in the low CPR cohort particularly with higher odds of death (aOR 2.30, 95%CI 1.46-3.63) and composite adverse outcome (aOR 1.46, 95%CI 1.24-1.73). The low CPR cohort had a significantly shorter interval to delivery (Cox Proportional Hazard - aHR 1.41, 95%CI 1.33-1.51, p < .001) and earlier gestation at birth. CONCLUSIONS: A low CPR is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth and birth within 2 weeks but not spontaneous preterm birth.

A Hybrid EMD-Kurtosis Method for Estimating Fetal Heart Rate from Continuous Doppler Signals.

Monitoring of fetal heart rate (FHR) is an important measure of fetal wellbeing during the months of pregnancy. Previous works on estimating FHR variability from Doppler ultrasound (DUS) signal mainly through autocorrelation analysis showed low accuracy when compared with heart rate variability (HRV) computed from fetal electrocardiography (fECG). In this work, we proposed a method based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the kurtosis statistics to estimate FHR and its variability from DUS. Comparison between estimated beat-to-beat intervals using the proposed method and the autocorrelation function (AF) with respect to RR intervals computed from fECG as the ground truth was done on DUS signals from 44 pregnant mothers in the early (20 cases) and late (24 cases) gestational weeks. The new EMD-kurtosis method showed significant lower error in estimating the number of beats in the early group (EMD-kurtosis: 2.2% vs. AF: 8.5%, p < 0.01, root mean squared error) and the late group (EMD-kurtosis: 2.9% vs. AF: 6.2%). The EMD-kurtosis method was also found to be better in estimating mean beat-to-beat with an average difference of 1.6 ms from true mean RR compared to 19.3 ms by using the AF method. However, the EMD-kurtosis performed worse than AF in estimating SNDD and RMSSD. The proposed EMD-kurtosis method is more robust than AF in low signal-to-noise ratio cases and can be used in a hybrid system to estimate beat-to-beat intervals from DUS. Further analysis to reduce the estimated beat-to-beat variability from the EMD-kurtosis method is needed.

Fetal tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion (fTAPSE) at term - association with cerebroplacental ratio, birthweight and neonatal pH.

OBJECTIVE: To study at term the association of the fetal tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion (fTAPSE) with gestational age (GA), birthweight (BW), cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) and neonatal pH. METHODS: fTAPSE was evaluated in 309 fetuses in relation with GA and BW. Standardized values for fetal size using the head circumference were also studied in relation with CPR multiples of the median (MoM) and BW centile, evaluating the existence of differences in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses and in fetuses with low CPR. In addition, in a subgroup of 286 fetuses, standardized fTAPSE was evaluated according to neonatal venous and arterial pH. RESULTS: fTAPSE correlated with BW but not with GA. In addition, although standardized values correlated with BW centile and CPR MoM, they did not differ either in SGA fetuses or in fetuses with abnormal CPR. Finally, no correlation was found between fTAPSE and neonatal pH. CONCLUSIONS: In the term fetus, fTAPSE changes with absolute fetal weight, reflecting the physiological variations occurring with fetal size. However, it is very scarcely influenced by fetal Doppler or BW centile and does not associate with neonatal pH. These data support the idea that the fetal heart is not a valuable target in the study of late-onset growth restriction.

Flujo venoso fetal e índice cerebro placentario como indicadores de hipoxia fetal en gestantes preeclámpticas severas

Antecedentes: La velocimetría Doppler de la circulación uterina y fetoplacentaria es una herramienta importante para evaluar complicaciones asociadas a la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino y otras formas de distrés fetal debidas a hipoxemia o asfixia, como el producido por los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo. También puede diagnosticarse anomalías cardíacas fetales, otras malformaciones y alteraciones placentarias o del cordón umbilical. Objetivos: Determinar el valor predictivo del índice cerebro placentario y del flujo anormal del ductus venoso de Aranzio, medido por velocimetría Doppler, en pacientes con preeclampsia severa, en relación a un resultado perinatal adverso. Diseño: Estudio prospectivo, no experimental, longitudinal, de tipo correlacional. Lugar: Unidad de Medicina Fetal y Diagnóstico Prenatal, Servicio de Obstetricia de Alto Riesgo, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Gestantes con diagnóstico de preeclampsia severa y sus fetos. Intervenciones: Se realizó los estudios ultrasonográficos Doppler en los 7 días previos al parto, en 160 pacientes con diagnóstico de preeclampsia severa. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante la prueba de chi cuadrado (x²) y prueba exacta de Fisher, con un nivel de significancia de 0,05; confiabilidad del 95%. Principales medidas de resultados: Resultado perinatal adverso. Resultados: El 39,4% (63/160) de las pacientes tuvo un resultado de índice cerebro placentario y de flujo del ductus venoso de Aranzio anormal, lo que se asoció significativamente a restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU), oligohidramnios y cesárea por distrés fetal agudo (p<0,05), y con alta sensibilidad para la ocurrencia de Ápgar < 7 a los 5 minutos, pH en arteria umbilical < 7,2 cesárea por distrés fetal y admisión a UCI. Conclusiones: La alteración del índice cerebro placentario y del flujo del ductus venoso de Aranzio medido por velocimetría Doppler fetal pudo detectar a más de 65% de los recién nacidos con resultado perinatal adverso por hipoxia fetal y fue prueba predictiva estadísticamente significativa de RCIU y oligohidramnios, en pacientes con preeclampsia severa.

Background: Doppler ultrasound of the uterine and fetoplacental circulation is an important tool to determine complications associated with fetal growth restriction and fetal distress due to hypoxemia or asphyxia as occurring with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Also fetal cardiac anomalies, placental malformations and umbilical cord alterations can be diagnosed. Objectives: To determine the predictive value of cerebroplacental index and Aranzios venous duct abnormal flow measured by Doppler ultrasound in patients with preeclampsia, in relation to adverse perinatal outcomes. Design: Prospective, non experimental, longitudinal, correlation study. Setting: Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis Unit, High Risk Obstetrical Service, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Peru. Participants: Pregnant women with diagnosis of severe preeclampsia and their fetuses. Interventions: Doppler ultrasound examinations were done to determine cerebroplacental ratio and Aranzios venous duct abnormal flow within seven days before childbirth in 160 patients with severe preeclampsia. Chi (x ²) square test and Fisher exact test were used for statistical analysis, with 0,05 level of significance, 95% confidence interval. Main outcome measures: Adverse perinatal outcomes. Results: Abnormal both cerebroplacental ratio and Aranzios venous duct flow were found in 39,4% (63/160) of patients. These patients had a high probability of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), oligohydramnios and cesarean section (p< 0,05) with high sensitivity for Apgar < 7 at 5 minutes, pH <7,2 in umbilical artery, cesarean section for fetal distress and admission to NICU. Conclusions: Alteration of both ultrasound Doppler cerebroplacental index and Aranzios venous duct flow detected up to 65% of newborns with adverse perinatal results due to fetal hypoxia and was a statistically significant predictive test of severe IUGR and oligohydramnios in patients with severe preeclampsia.