ABSTRACT
Sediments provide habitat and food for benthos, and phthalates (PAEs) have been detected in numerous river and marine sediments as a widely used plastic additive. PAEs in sediments is not only toxic to benthos, but also poses a threat to pelagic fish and human health through the food chain, so it is essential to comprehensively assess the contamination of sediments with PAEs. This paper presents a critical evaluation of PAEs in sediments, which is embodied in the analysis of the sources of PAEs in sediments from multiple perspectives. Biological production is indispensable, while artificial synthesis is the most dominant, thus the focus was on analyzing the industrial and commercial sources of synthetic PAEs. In addition, since the content of PAEs in sediments varies, some factors affecting the content of PAEs in sediments are summarized, such as the properties of PAEs, the properties of plastics, and environmental factors (sediments properties and hydrodynamic conditions). As endocrine disruptors, PAEs can produce toxicity to its direct contacts. Therefore, the effects of PAEs on benthos immunity, endocrinology, reproduction, development, and metabolism were comprehensively analyzed. In addition, we found that reciprocal inhibition and activation of the systems lead to genotoxicity and apoptosis. Finally, the paper discusses the feasible measures to control PAEs in wastewater and leachate from the perspective of source control, and summarizes the in-situ treatment measures for PAEs contamination in sediments. This paper provides a comprehensive review of PAEs contamination in sediments, toxic effects and removal strategies, and provides an important reference for reducing the contamination and toxicity of PAEs to benthos.
Subject(s)
Endocrine Disruptors , Phthalic Acids , Animals , Humans , Apoptosis , DNA Damage , Drug Contamination , Endocrine Disruptors/toxicity , Food , Phthalic Acids/toxicity , Esters , ChinaABSTRACT
Psychoactive substances are becoming new concern in environmental research with their increasing applications and the potential threats to fishery production as these substances could alter the behavior of fish and consequently affect the yield and quality of cultured fish. In this study, the accumulation and risk of twenty psychoactive substances were investigated in five species of cultured fish in Eastern China. The results showed that the total concentrations of these twenty psychoactive substances ranged from 0.15 to 0.92 ng mL-1 in the plasma among the five species of cultured fish with an order of perch > crucian carp > bighead carp > grass carp > silver carp. Diazepam (DIAZ) and methamphetamine (MAMP) were identified as the most frequently detected compounds, which were found in 100% and 93% of the samples with a median concentration of 0.15 and 0.12 ng mL-1 in the plasma, respectively. Although all of the psychoactive substances posed low or negligible risk, species-specific analysis of risk prioritization revealed that alprazolam, MAMP, temazepam and DIAZ exhibited the greatest potentials of hazard to all species of the cultured fish but with a species-dependent variation. These findings suggest that the adverse effects of psychoactive substances on fishery production, especially on different species, should be considered.
Subject(s)
Carps , Cyprinidae , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Animals , Bioaccumulation , China , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysisABSTRACT
The jatuarana (Brycon amazonicus), is an important species for the Madeira River commercialfisheries. The paper aims to characterize the jatuarana fishing dynamics in the middle Madeira River andtest whether there are differences dowstreams and upstreams the Teotônio waterfall. Commercial fisherieslandings were monitored daily at 15 ports or riverine communities along that stretch, using semistructuredinterviews with fishermen. With data from the fishing monitoring program of UHEs SantoAntônio and Jirau we analysed: the yield, catch per unit effort (CPUE), length structure, locations andfishing gear used, between 2009 to 2011.The fishing yield of this species was temporaly analyzed with datafrom the Fishermen Colony of Porto Velho city (Rondônia state, Brazil), between 1990 to 2012. The yieldand the CPUE showed significant differences by area and locations and the capture of the species wascarried out primarily in the channel river and banks river through gillnets. In addition, the samplescollected in the upstream area have higher distribution and modal lengths than from those collecteddownstream. These results suggest that the areas require distinct management measures.
A jatuarana (Brycon amazonicus) é uma espécie importante para a pesca comercial do médio rioMadeira. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a dinâmica da pesca da jatuarana na região e testardiferenças entre os trechos a jusante e montante da Cachoeira do Teotônio. Os desembarques pesqueirosforam monitorados diariamente em 15 portos e/ou comunidades ribeirinhas, usando entrevistassemiestruturadas com os pescadores. Com dados do Programa de Monitoramento Pesqueiro das UHEsSanto Antônio e Jirau foram analisados: a produção, a captura por unidade de esforço (CPUE), a estruturaem comprimento, os locais e os apetrechos de pesca utilizados entre 2009 e 2011. A produção da espécie foianalisada temporalmente com dados da Colônia de Pescadores de Porto Velho (Rondônia, Brasil) de 1990 a2012. A produção e a CPUE apresentaram diferenças significativas por área e localidades e a captura daespécie foi realizada, principalmente, na calha e nas margens do rio por meio de malhadeira. Verificou-setambém que os exemplares amostrados na área montante exibiram distribuição e comprimentos modaismaiores que na área jusante. Estes resultados sugerem a necessidade de estratégias de manejo distintas entreas áreas.
