Fluorescence and tracers in surgery: the coming future.

The revolution that we are seeing in the world of surgery will determine the way we understand surgical approaches in coming years. Since the implementation of minimally invasive surgery, innovations have constantly been developed to allow the laparoscopic approach to go further and be applied to more and more procedures. In recent years, we have been in the middle of another revolutionary era, with robotic surgery, the application of artificial intelligence and image-guided surgery. The latter includes 3D reconstructions for surgical planning, virtual reality, holograms or tracer-guided surgery, where ICG-guided fluorescence has provided a different perspective on surgery. ICG has been used to identify anatomical structures, assess tissue perfusion, and identify tumors or tumor lymphatic drainage. But the most important thing is that this technology has come hand in hand with the potential to develop other types of tracers that will facilitate the identification of tumor cells and ureters, as well as different light beams to identify anatomical structures. These will lead to other types of systems to assess tissue perfusion without the use of tracers, such as hyperspectral imaging. Combined with the upcoming introduction of ICG quantification, these developments represent a real revolution in the surgical world. With the imminent implementation of these technological advances, a review of their clinical application in general surgery is timely, and this review serves that aim.

Impact of indocyanine green angiography on anastomotic dehiscence rate in colorectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized studies.

Final del formulario Anastomotic dehiscence, a feared complication in colorectal surgery, motivates the search for effective strategies to mitigate its risk. This meta-analysis encompasses all published randomized trials investigating and comparing the impact of indocyanine green (ICG) angiography on this complication. With four studies and 1,109 patients, the intraoperative ICG angiography group demonstrated a significant reduction in the overall rate of anastomotic dehiscence compared to the non-angiography group (7.3% vs. 11.5%; OR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4-0.9; p = 0.03). These differences were maintained in rectal surgery subgroup, with no prolongation of surgical time or increase in morbidity and mortality. There were no differences in the left colon surgery group. The evidence provided by this meta-analysis would support the effectiveness of ICG angiography in reducing the incidence of anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery, advocating for its integration into routine surgical practice.

Chromosome analysis of 303 pregnancy losses in Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Chromosomal abnormalities are present in 50 to 60% of miscarriages and in 6 to 19% of stillbirths. Although microarrays are preferred for studying chromosomal abnormalities, many hospitals cannot offer this methodology. OBJECTIVE: To present the results of the cytogenetic analysis of 303 products of conception (POC), which included 184 miscarriages, 49 stillbirths and 17 cases of undefined age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization, short tandem repeats and microarrays were used, depending on the type of loss and available sample. RESULTS: In 29 POCs we found maternal tissue and were eliminated from the analyses. Informative results were obtained in 250 (91.2 %)/274 cases; the karyotyping success rate was 80.7%; that of single nucleotide polymorphism microarrays, 94.5%; and that of fluorescence in situ hybridization and short tandem repeat, 100%. Cytogenetic abnormalities were observed in 57.6% of miscarriages and in 24.5% of stillbirths; 94% of total anomalies were numerical and 6% were submicroscopic. CONCLUSIONS: Karyotyping with simultaneous short tandem repeat study to rule out contamination of maternal cells is effective for studying miscarriages; in stillbirths, microarrays are recommended.

ANTECEDENTES: Las alteraciones cromosómicas están presentes en 50 a 60 % de los abortos espontáneos y en 6 a 19 % de los mortinatos. Aunque se prefieren los microarreglos para estudiarlos, numerosos hospitales no pueden ofrecerlos. OBJETIVO: Presentar los resultados del estudio citogenético de 303 productos de la concepción (POC), 184 se obtuvieron de abortos espontáneos, 49 fueron mortinatos y en 17 no se identificó la de edad gestacional. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se empleó cariotipo, hibridación in situ con fluorescencia, secuencias cortas repetidas en tándem y microarreglos, según el tipo de pérdida y la muestra disponible. RESULTADOS: En 29 POC se encontró tejido materno, por lo que fueron eliminados de los análisis. En 250 (91.2 %)/274 casos se obtuvieron resultados informativos; la tasa de éxito del cariotipo fue de 80.7 %; la de los microarreglos de SNP, de 94.5 %; y la de la hibridación fluorescente in situ y la repetición corta en tándem, de 100 %. Se observaron anomalías citogenéticas en 57.6 % de los abortos espontáneos y en 24.5 % de los mortinatos; 94 % de las anomalías fueron numéricas y 6 %, submicroscópicas. CONCLUSIONES: El cariotipo en conjunto con el estudio de secuencias cortas repetidas en tándem para descartar contaminación de células maternas es efectivo para estudiar abortos espontáneos; los microarreglos se recomiendan en los mortinatos.

Estudio cromosómico de 303 pérdidas gestacionales en México / Chromosome analysis of 303 pregnancy losses in Mexico

Resumen Antecedentes: Las alteraciones cromosómicas están presentes en 50 a 60 % de los abortos espontáneos y en 6 a 19 % de los mortinatos. Aunque se prefieren los microarreglos para estudiarlos, numerosos hospitales no pueden ofrecerlos. Objetivo: Presentar los resultados del estudio citogenético de 303 productos de la concepción (POC), 184 se obtuvieron de abortos espontáneos, 49 fueron mortinatos y en 17 no se identificó la de edad gestacional. Material y métodos: Se empleó cariotipo, hibridación in situ con fluorescencia, secuencias cortas repetidas en tándem y microarreglos, según el tipo de pérdida y la muestra disponible. Resultados: En 29 POC se encontró tejido materno, por lo que fueron eliminados de los análisis. En 250 (91.2 %)/274 casos se obtuvieron resultados informativos; la tasa de éxito del cariotipo fue de 80.7 %; la de los microarreglos de SNP, de 94.5 %; y la de la hibridación fluorescente in situ y la repetición corta en tándem, de 100 %. Se observaron anomalías citogenéticas en 57.6 % de los abortos espontáneos y en 24.5 % de los mortinatos; 94 % de las anomalías fueron numéricas y 6 %, submicroscópicas. Conclusiones: El cariotipo en conjunto con el estudio de secuencias cortas repetidas en tándem para descartar contaminación de células maternas es efectivo para estudiar abortos espontáneos; los microarreglos se recomiendan en los mortinatos.

Abstract Background: Chromosomal abnormalities are present in 50 to 60 % of miscarriages and in 6 to 19 % of stillbirths. Although microarrays are preferred for studying chromosomal abnormalities, many hospitals cannot offer this methodology. Objective: To present the results of the cytogenetic analysis of 303 products of conception (POC), which included 184 miscarriages, 49 stillbirths and 17 cases of undefined age. Material and methods: Karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization, short tandem repeats and microarrays were used, depending on the type of loss and available sample. Results: In 29 POCs we found maternal tissue and were eliminated from the analyses. Informative results were obtained in 250 (91.2 %)/274 cases; the karyotyping success rate was 80.7 %; that of single nucleotide polymorphism microarrays, 94.5 %; and that of fluorescence in situ hybridization and short tandem repeat, 100 %. Cytogenetic abnormalities were observed in 57.6 % of miscarriages and in 24.5 % of stillbirths; 94 % of total anomalies were numerical and 6 % were submicroscopic. Conclusions: Karyotyping with simultaneous short tandem repeat study to rule out contamination of maternal cells is effective for studying miscarriages; in stillbirths, microarrays are recommended.

Innovación continuada en cirugía radioguiada de precisión / Continuous innovation in precision radio-guided surgery

Desde sus inicios, la medicina nuclear se ha enfrentado a cambios tecnológicos que la han obligado a modificar sus modos operativos y a adecuar sus protocolos. En el campo de la cirugía radioguiada (CRG), la incorporación de la imagen gammagráfica preoperatoria y la detección intraoperatoria con la sonda gamma proporcionó un impulso definitivo a la biopsia del ganglio centinela (GC) para convertirse en el procedimiento estándar de aplicación en el melanoma y el cáncer de mama. Las diversas innovaciones tecnológicas y la adaptación consiguiente de protocolos confluyen en lo disruptivo y lo gradual. Como ejemplos evidentes tenemos la introducción de la tomografía por emisión de fotón único/tomografía computarizada (SPECT/TC) en el campo preoperatorio y las sondas Drop-in (Lightpoint Medical Ltd; Crystal photonics, Eurorad) en el intraoperatorio. Otros aspectos innovadores con posible aplicación en la CRG se basan en la utilización de la inteligencia artificial (IA), navegación y teleasistencia (AU)

Since its origins, nuclear medicine has faced technological changes that led to modifying operating modes and adapting protocols. In the field of radioguided surgery, the incorporation of preoperative scintigraphic imaging and intraoperative detection with the gamma probe provided a definitive boost to sentinel lymph node biopsy to become a standard procedure for melanoma and breast cancer. The various technological innovations and consequent adaptation of protocols come together in the coexistence of the disruptive and the gradual. As obvious examples we have the introduction of SPECT/CT in the preoperative field and Drop-in probes in the intraoperative field. Other innovative aspects with possible application in radio-guided surgery are based on the application of artificial intelligence, navigation and telecare (AU)

Continuous innovation in precision radio-guided surgery.

Since its origins, nuclear medicine has faced technological changes that led to modifying operating modes and adapting protocols. In the field of radioguided surgery, the incorporation of preoperative scintigraphic imaging and intraoperative detection with the gamma probe provided a definitive boost to sentinel lymph node biopsy to become a standard procedure for melanoma and breast cancer. The various technological innovations and consequent adaptation of protocols come together in the coexistence of the disruptive and the gradual. As obvious examples we have the introduction of SPECT/CT in the preoperative field and Drop-in probes in the intraoperative field. Other innovative aspects with possible application in radio-guided surgery are based on the application of artificial intelligence, navigation and telecare.

Eventos de blanqueamiento del coral Porites lobata (2006-2022) y actividades de restauración en el sitio Ramsar ''Complejo Los Cóbanos", El Salvador

Introducción: El blanqueamiento global coralino refleja la fragilidad del coral a condiciones ambientales adversas y al cambio climático. Porites lobata es la especie de coral hermatípico más abundante actualmente en El Salvador y ha experimentado eventos de blanqueamiento recientes en el área natural protegida Complejo Los Cóbanos. Objetivo: Describir los episodios de blanqueamiento que colonias de P. lobata experimentaron en Los Cóbanos, El Salvador, durante los últimos 18 años, y analizar los esfuerzos de restauración de coral. Métodos: Aproximadamente 2 100 imágenes (2006 - 2022) tomadas sin periodicidad específica de dos sitios fueron revisadas. Parámetros del agua desde 2014 fueron registradas sin una periodicidad temporal definida. Las áreas de estudio fueron son playa El Faro y colonias submareales cerca de un importante resort de playa. La primera área presentó colonias dispersas en una zona intermareal, la otra, colonias más grandes a 2 m de profundidad en marea baja. También, revisar literatura acerca de actividades para restaurar arrecifes dentro del país. Resultados: Varios eventos de blanqueamiento ocurrieron durante este período de observación. Algunos de ellos podrían estar asociados a temperaturas altas del agua de mar (> 30 o C) de mayo a octubre (estación lluviosa), floraciones algales nocivas, así como causas desconocidas. Varios blanqueamientos que causaron pérdida de cobertura de coral en las colonias intermareales ocurrieron durante el evento global (2015-2016). Conclusiones: Blanqueamiento en el Complejo los Cóbanos ocurre en diferentes patrones de intensidad durante la estación lluviosa que comprende niveles de alta temperatura y turbidez en el agua, así como floraciones algales. El episodio de 2015-2016 causó pérdida de cobertura de coral en las colonias intermareales y las submareales experimentaron pequeños daños permanentes (< 5 % mortalidad). Las políticas de restauración nacionales requieren más esfuerzos estratégicos considerando la hidrodinámica y las capacidades institucionales locales.

Introduction: Global coral bleaching reflects coral fragility to adverse environmental conditions and climate change. Porites lobata is the most abundant hermatypic coral species currently in El Salvador and has experienced recent bleaching events at natural protected area Complejo Los Cóbanos. Objective: To describe the bleaching episodes that colonies of P. lobata experienced at Los Cóbanos, El Salvador, during the last 18 years, and analyze coral restoration efforts. Methods: Approximately 2 100 images (2006 - 2022) taken without specific periodicity from two sites were reviewed. Water parameters since 2014 were registered without defined frequency. The areas sampled were El Faro beach and subtidal colonies near an important beach resort. The first area presented dispersed colonies on an intertidal zone, the other, larger colonies at 2 m deep in low tide. Also, literature about activities to restore reefs within the country was reviewed. Results: Several bleaching events occurred during this observation period. Some of them could be associated to high sea water temperatures (> 30 o C) from May to October (rainy season), others to harmful algae blooms, as well as unknown causes. Severe bleaching that caused loss of coral coverage on intertidal colonies occurred during the global event (2015-2016). Conclusion: Bleaching at Los Cóbanos occurs in different intensity patterns usually during the rainy season that encompasses high temperature and turbidity levels in water, as well as algal blooms. The 2015-2016 episode caused coral coverage loss on the intertidal colonies and subtidal ones experienced little permanent damages (< 5% mortality). National restoration policies for coral colonies require more strategic efforts considering the local littoral hydrodynamics and institutional capabilities.

Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography in colorectal surgery: A retrospective case-control analysis in Mexico.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: An anastomotic leak is one of the most dreaded complications in colorectal surgery because it increases postoperative morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to identify whether indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICGFA) reduced the anastomotic dehiscence rate in colorectal surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study on patients that underwent colorectal surgery with colonic resection or low anterior resection and primary anastomosis, within the time frame of January 2019 and September 2021, was conducted. The patients were divided into the case group, in which ICGFA was performed for the intraoperative evaluation of blood perfusion at the anastomosis site, and the control group, in which ICGFA was not utilized. RESULTS: A total of 168 medical records were reviewed, resulting in 83 cases and 85 controls. Inadequate perfusion that required changing the surgical site of the anastomosis was identified in 4.8% of the case group (n = 4). A trend toward reducing the leak rate with ICGFA was identified (6% [n = 5] in the cases vs 7.1% in the controls [n = 6] [p = 0.999]). The patients that underwent anastomosis site change due to inadequate perfusion had a 0% leak rate. CONCLUSIONS: ICGFA as a method to evaluate intraoperative blood perfusion showed a trend toward reducing the incidence of anastomotic leak in colorectal surgery.

Utilidad de la fluorescencia cercana al infrarrojo para la identificación del bronquio segmentario en segmentectomías mínimamente invasivas / Usefulness of near-infrared fluorescence for identifying the segmental bronchus in minimally invasive segmentectomy

Las resecciones sublobares anatómicas mínimamente invasivas han ganado relevancia durante los últimos años gracias al avance de las técnicas de imagen, los programas de cribado y el aumento de segundas neoplasias. La identificación precisa del bronquio segmentario o subsegmentario objeto de resección es vital para obtener resultados óptimos en segmentectomías y subsegmentectomías. Dada la complejidad y la posibilidad de variaciones anatómicas, varios autores han publicado distintos métodos para identificar el bronquio objetivo de la resección. Sin embargo, estos métodos tienen ciertas limitaciones. El presente artículo describe una nueva técnica rápida, efectiva, con bajo riesgo de complicaciones y sin coste adicional para la identificación de los bronquios segmentarios en segmentectomías mínimamente invasivas. (AU)

Minimally invasive anatomical sublobar resections have gained relevance in recent years mainly due to advances in imaging techniques, screening programs and the increase in second neoplasms. Accurate identification of the segmental or subsegmental bronchus is vital to guarantee optimal results in segmentectomies and subsegmentectomies. Given the complexity and the possibility of anatomical variations, several authors have published different methods to identify the target bronchus. However, these methods have certain limitations. This article describes a new rapid and effective technique, with a low risk of complications and without additional cost, for the identification of segmental bronchi in minimally invasive segmentectomies. (AU)

Utilidad de la fluorescencia cercana al infrarrojo para la identificación del bronquio segmentario en segmentectomías mínimamente invasivas / Usefulness of near-infrared fluorescence for identifying the segmental bronchus in minimally invasive segmentectomy

Las resecciones sublobares anatómicas mínimamente invasivas han ganado relevancia durante los últimos años gracias al avance de las técnicas de imagen, los programas de cribado y el aumento de segundas neoplasias. La identificación precisa del bronquio segmentario o subsegmentario objeto de resección es vital para obtener resultados óptimos en segmentectomías y subsegmentectomías. Dada la complejidad y la posibilidad de variaciones anatómicas, varios autores han publicado distintos métodos para identificar el bronquio objetivo de la resección. Sin embargo, estos métodos tienen ciertas limitaciones. El presente artículo describe una nueva técnica rápida, efectiva, con bajo riesgo de complicaciones y sin coste adicional para la identificación de los bronquios segmentarios en segmentectomías mínimamente invasivas. (AU)

Minimally invasive anatomical sublobar resections have gained relevance in recent years mainly due to advances in imaging techniques, screening programs and the increase in second neoplasms. Accurate identification of the segmental or subsegmental bronchus is vital to guarantee optimal results in segmentectomies and subsegmentectomies. Given the complexity and the possibility of anatomical variations, several authors have published different methods to identify the target bronchus. However, these methods have certain limitations. This article describes a new rapid and effective technique, with a low risk of complications and without additional cost, for the identification of segmental bronchi in minimally invasive segmentectomies. (AU)

Usefulness of near-infrared fluorescence for identifying the segmental bronchus in minimally invasive segmentectomy.

Minimally invasive anatomical sublobar resections have gained relevance in recent years mainly due to advances in imaging techniques, screening programs and the increase in second neoplasms. Accurate identification of the segmental or subsegmental bronchus is vital to guarantee optimal results in segmentectomies and subsegmentectomies. Given the complexity and the possibility of anatomical variations, several authors have published different methods to identify the target bronchus. However, these methods have certain limitations. This article describes a new rapid and effective technique, with a low risk of complications and without additional cost, for the identification of segmental bronchi in minimally invasive segmentectomies.

Ação da luz visível na oxidação da melanina e no descolorimento do cabelo / Action of the visible on the melanin oxidation and hair discoloration

O dano capilar causado pelo descolorimento oxidativo é muito intenso, sendo que dois fatores são responsáveis por essa ação: primeiro, a ação direta e danosa do oxidante em diversas estruturas capilares e segundo, o dano oxidativo primário facilita o dano causado por outros agentes físicos (luz, temperatura) e químicos (tensoativos), que comumente tem ação nos cabelos. Desenvolver conceitos e tecnologias que possam tornar o oxidante específico para a melanina e por conseguinte efetuando o descolorimento sem causar danos ao fio é extremamente desejável. Neste trabalho buscaremos entender de que forma a luz visível pode aumentar a ação do oxidante sem danificar o fio colateralmente. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é demonstrar que é possível utilizar a luz visível, que é absorvida pela melanina, para tornar esse pigmento mais suscetível ao agente oxidante e desta forma, permitir que o descolorimento seja realizado com concentrações pequenas de oxidante. Também almejamos desenvolver métodos de análises por microscopia ótica de fluorescência e de reflexão para mensurar o dano nas estruturas dos fios processados com oxidante e na presença ou ausência da luz

The capillary damage caused by oxidative discoloration is very intense, and two factors are responsible for this action: first, the direct and harmful action of the oxidant on several capillary structures and second, the primary oxidative damage facilitates the damage caused by other physical agents (light, temperature) and chemicals (surfactants), which commonly have action on the hair. Developing concepts and technologies that can make the oxidant specific to melanin and therefore discoloring without causing damage to the hair is extremely desirable. In this work we will try to understand how visible light can increase the oxidant's action without damaging the wire collaterally. The main objective of this work is to demonstrate that it is possible to use visible light, which is absorbed by melanin, to make this pigment more susceptible to the oxidizing agent and, thus, to allow the discoloration to be carried out with small concentrations of oxidizer. We also aim to develop methods of analysis by optical fluorescence and reflection microscopy to measure the damage to the structures of the threads processed with oxidizer and in the presence or absence of light

Shading minimizes the effects of water deficit in Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg seedlings / Sombreamento minimiza o efeito do déficit hídrico em mudas de Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the functioning of the photosystem II and quality of C. xanthocarpa seedlings cultivated under intermittent water deficit and shading levels and the influence of shading on recovery potential after suspension of the stress conditions. The seedlings were subjected to three levels of shading (0, 30, and 70%), six periods of evaluation (start: 0 days; 1st and 2nd photosynthesis zero: 1st and 2nd P0; 1st and 2nd recovery: 1stand 2nd REC; and END), and two forms of irrigation (control: periodically irrigated to maintain 70% substrate water retention capacity, and intermittent irrigation: suspension of irrigation). The plants subjected to intermittent irrigation conditions at 0% shading showed a reduction in water potential (Ψw) and potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and maximum efficiency of the photochemical process (Fv/F0) and an increase in basal quantum production of the non-photochemical processes (F0/Fm). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher in the leaves than in the roots. The C. xanthocarpa is a species sensitive to water deficit but presents strategies to adapt to an environment under temporary water restriction, which are more temporary are most efficient under shading. The seedlings with water deficit at all levels of shading exhibited higher protective antioxidant activity and lower quality at 0% shading. The shading minimizes prevents permanent damage to the photosystem II and after the re-irrigation, the evaluated characteristics showed recovery with respect to the control group, except POD and SOD activities in the leaves.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade de enzimas antioxidantes, o funcionamento do fotossistema II e a qualidade de mudas de C. xanthocarpa cultivadas sob déficit hídrico intermitente e níveis de sombreamento e a influência do sombreamento sobre o potencial de recuperação após suspensão das condições de estresse. As mudas foram submetidas a três níveis de sombreamento (0, 30 e 70%), seis períodos de avaliação (início: 0 dias; 1ª e 2ª fotossíntese zero: 1ª e 2ª P0; 1ª e 2ª recuperação: 1ª e 2ª REC; e final), e duas formas de irrigação (controle: periodicamente irrigado para manter 70% da capacidade de retenção de água do substrato, e irrigação intermitente: suspensão da irrigação). As plantas submetidas às condições de irrigação intermitente a 0% de sombreamento apresentaram redução do potencial hídrico (Ψw) e eficiência quântica potencial do fotossistema II (Fv/Fm) e máxima eficiência do processo fotoquímico (Fv/F0) e aumento da produção quantica basal dos processos não fotoquímicos (F0/Fm). A atividade da superóxido dismutase (SOD) foi maior nas folhas do que nas raízes. C. xanthocarpa é uma espécie sensível ao déficit hídrico, mas apresenta estratégias para se adaptar a um ambiente com restrição hídrica temporária, sendo mais eficientes sob sombreamento. As mudas com déficit hídrico em todos os níveis de sombreamento exibiram maior atividade antioxidante protetora e menor qualidade no sombreamento 0%. O sombreamento minimiza danos permanentes ao fotossistema II e após a re-irrigação, as características avaliadas apresentaram recuperação em relação ao grupo controle, exceto atividades de POD e SOD nas folhas.

Study of resveratrol against bone loss by using in-silico and in-vitro methods / Estudo do resveratrol contra a perda óssea usando métodos in silico e in vitro

By applying the in-silico method, resveratrol was docked on those proteins which are responsible for bone loss. The Molecular docking data between the resveratrol and Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-Β ligand [RANKL] receptors proved that resveratrol binds tightly to the receptors, showed the highest binding affinities of −6.9, −7.6, −7.1, −6.9, −6.7, and −7.1 kcal/mol. According to in-vitro data, Resveratrol reduced the osteoclasts after treating Marrow-Derived Macrophages [BMM] with Macrophage colony-stimulating factor [MCSF] 20ng / ml and RANKL 50ng / ml, with different concentrations of resveratrol (2.5, 10 μg / ml) For 7 days, the cells were treated with MCSF (20 ng / ml) and RANKL (40 ng / ml) together with concentrated trimethyl ether and resveratrol (2.5, 10 μg / ml) within 12 hours. Which, not affect cell survival. After fixing osteoclast cells with formaldehyde fixative on glass coverslip followed by incubation with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 min and after that stain with rhodamine phalloidin staining for actin and Hoechst for nuclei. Fluorescence microscopy was performed to see the distribution of filaments actin [F.actin]. Finally, resveratrol reduced the actin ring formation. Resveratrol is the best bioactive compound for drug preparation against bone loss.

Com a aplicação do método in-silico, o resveratrol foi ancorado nas proteínas responsáveis pela perda óssea. Os dados de docking molecular entre o resveratrol e o ligante do receptor ativador do fator nuclear kappa-Β [Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kappa-B Ligant (RANKL)] provaram que o resveratrol se liga fortemente aos receptores, mostraram as afinidades de ligação mais altas de −6,9, −7,6, −7,1, −6,9, - 6,7 e -7,1 kcal / mol. De acordo com dados in-vitro, o resveratrol reduziu os osteoclastos após o tratamento de macrófagos derivados da medula óssea [Bone Marrow derived Macrophage (BMM)] com fator estimulador de colônias de macrófagos [Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (MCSF)] 20ng / ml e RANKL 50ng / ml, com diferentes concentrações de resveratrol (2,5, 10 μg / ml). Durante sete dias, as células foram tratadas com MCSF (20 ng / ml) e RANKL (40 ng / ml) juntamente com éter trimetílico concentrado e resveratrol (2,5, 10 μg / ml) em 12 horas, processo que não afeta a sobrevivência celular. Após a fixação de células de osteoclastos com fixador de formaldeído em lamela de vidro seguido de incubação com 0,1% Triton X-100 em PBS por 5 min, foi realizado posteriormente o procedimento para corar com rodamina faloidina a actina e Hoechst os núcleos. A microscopia de fluorescência foi realizada para ver a distribuição dos filamentos de actina [F.actina]. Finalmente, o resveratrol reduziu a formação do anel de actina. O resveratrol é o melhor composto bioativo para o preparo de medicamentos contra a perda óssea.

Shading minimizes the effects of water deficit in Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg seedlings

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the functioning of the photosystem II and quality of C. xanthocarpa seedlings cultivated under intermittent water deficit and shading levels and the influence of shading on recovery potential after suspension of the stress conditions. The seedlings were subjected to three levels of shading (0, 30, and 70%), six periods of evaluation (start: 0 days; 1st and 2nd photosynthesis zero: 1st and 2nd P0; 1st and 2nd recovery: 1stand 2nd REC; and END), and two forms of irrigation (control: periodically irrigated to maintain 70% substrate water retention capacity, and intermittent irrigation: suspension of irrigation). The plants subjected to intermittent irrigation conditions at 0% shading showed a reduction in water potential (w) and potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and maximum efficiency of the photochemical process (Fv/F0) and an increase in basal quantum production of the non-photochemical processes (F0/Fm). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher in the leaves than in the roots. The C. xanthocarpa is a species sensitive to water deficit but presents strategies to adapt to an environment under temporary water restriction, which are more temporary are most efficient under shading. The seedlings with water deficit at all levels of shading exhibited higher protective antioxidant activity and lower quality at 0% shading. The shading minimizes prevents permanent damage to the photosystem II and after the re-irrigation, the evaluated characteristics showed recovery with respect to the control group, except POD and SOD activities in the leaves.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade de enzimas antioxidantes, o funcionamento do fotossistema II e a qualidade de mudas de C. xanthocarpa cultivadas sob déficit hídrico intermitente e níveis de sombreamento e a influência do sombreamento sobre o potencial de recuperação após suspensão das condições de estresse. As mudas foram submetidas a três níveis de sombreamento (0, 30 e 70%), seis períodos de avaliação (início: 0 dias; 1ª e 2ª fotossíntese zero: 1ª e 2ª P0; 1ª e 2ª recuperação: 1ª e 2ª REC; e final), e duas formas de irrigação (controle: periodicamente irrigado para manter 70% da capacidade de retenção de água do substrato, e irrigação intermitente: suspensão da irrigação). As plantas submetidas às condições de irrigação intermitente a 0% de sombreamento apresentaram redução do potencial hídrico (w) e eficiência quântica potencial do fotossistema II (Fv/Fm) e máxima eficiência do processo fotoquímico (Fv/F0) e aumento da produção quantica basal dos processos não fotoquímicos (F0/Fm). A atividade da superóxido dismutase (SOD) foi maior nas folhas do que nas raízes. C. xanthocarpa é uma espécie sensível ao déficit hídrico, mas apresenta estratégias para se adaptar a um ambiente com restrição hídrica temporária, sendo mais eficientes sob sombreamento. As mudas com déficit hídrico em todos os níveis de sombreamento exibiram maior atividade antioxidante protetora e menor qualidade no sombreamento 0%. O sombreamento minimiza danos permanentes ao fotossistema II e após a re-irrigação, as características avaliadas apresentaram recuperação em relação ao grupo controle, exceto atividades de POD e SOD nas folhas.

Study of resveratrol against bone loss by using in-silico and in-vitro methods

Abstract By applying the in-silico method, resveratrol was docked on those proteins which are responsible for bone loss. The Molecular docking data between the resveratrol and Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa- ligand [RANKL] receptors proved that resveratrol binds tightly to the receptors, showed the highest binding affinities of 6.9, 7.6, 7.1, 6.9, 6.7, and 7.1 kcal/mol. According to in-vitro data, Resveratrol reduced the osteoclasts after treating Marrow-Derived Macrophages [BMM] with Macrophage colony-stimulating factor [MCSF] 20ng / ml and RANKL 50ng / ml, with different concentrations of resveratrol (2.5, 10 g / ml) For 7 days, the cells were treated with MCSF (20 ng / ml) and RANKL (40 ng / ml) together with concentrated trimethyl ether and resveratrol (2.5, 10 g / ml) within 12 hours. Which, not affect cell survival. After fixing osteoclast cells with formaldehyde fixative on glass coverslip followed by incubation with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 min and after that stain with rhodamine phalloidin staining for actin and Hoechst for nuclei. Fluorescence microscopy was performed to see the distribution of filaments actin [F.actin]. Finally, resveratrol reduced the actin ring formation. Resveratrol is the best bioactive compound for drug preparation against bone loss.

Resumo Com a aplicação do método in-silico, o resveratrol foi ancorado nas proteínas responsáveis pela perda óssea. Os dados de docking molecular entre o resveratrol e o ligante do receptor ativador do fator nuclear kappa- [Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kappa-B Ligant (RANKL)] provaram que o resveratrol se liga fortemente aos receptores, mostraram as afinidades de ligação mais altas de 6,9, 7,6, 7,1, 6,9, - 6,7 e -7,1 kcal / mol. De acordo com dados in-vitro, o resveratrol reduziu os osteoclastos após o tratamento de macrófagos derivados da medula óssea [Bone Marrow-derived Macrophage (BMM)] com fator estimulador de colônias de macrófagos [Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (MCSF)] 20ng / ml e RANKL 50ng / ml, com diferentes concentrações de resveratrol (2,5, 10 g / ml). Durante sete dias, as células foram tratadas com MCSF (20 ng / ml) e RANKL (40 ng / ml) juntamente com éter trimetílico concentrado e resveratrol (2,5, 10 g / ml) em 12 horas, processo que não afeta a sobrevivência celular. Após a fixação de células de osteoclastos com fixador de formaldeído em lamela de vidro seguido de incubação com 0,1% Triton X-100 em PBS por 5 min, foi realizado posteriormente o procedimento para corar com rodamina faloidina a actina e Hoechst os núcleos. A microscopia de fluorescência foi realizada para ver a distribuição dos filamentos de actina [F.actina]. Finalmente, o resveratrol reduziu a formação do anel de actina. O resveratrol é o melhor composto bioativo para o preparo de medicamentos contra a perda óssea.

Shading minimizes the effects of water deficit in Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart) O Berg seedlings / Sombreamento minimiza o efeito do déficit hídrico em mudas de Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart) O Berg

The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the functioning of the photosystem II and quality of C. xanthocarpa seedlings cultivated under intermittent water deficit and shading levels and the influence of shading on recovery potential after suspension of the stress conditions. The seedlings were subjected to three levels of shading (0, 30, and 70%), six periods of evaluation (start: 0 days; 1st and 2nd photosynthesis zero: 1st and 2nd P0; 1st and 2nd recovery: 1stand 2nd REC; and END), and two forms of irrigation (control: periodically irrigated to maintain 70% substrate water retention capacity, and intermittent irrigation: suspension of irrigation). The plants subjected to intermittent irrigation conditions at 0% shading showed a reduction in water potential (Ψw) and potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and maximum efficiency of the photochemical process (Fv/F0) and an increase in basal quantum production of the non-photochemical processes (F0/Fm). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher in the leaves than in the roots. The C. xanthocarpa is a species sensitive to water deficit but presents strategies to adapt to an environment under temporary water restriction, which are more temporary are most efficient under shading. The seedlings with water deficit at all levels of shading exhibited higher protective antioxidant activity and lower quality at 0% shading. The shading minimizes prevents permanent damage to the photosystem II and after the re-irrigation, the evaluated characteristics showed recovery with respect to the control group, except POD and SOD activities in the leaves.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade de enzimas antioxidantes, o funcionamento do fotossistema II e a qualidade de mudas de C. xanthocarpa cultivadas sob déficit hídrico intermitente e níveis de sombreamento e a influência do sombreamento sobre o potencial de recuperação após suspensão das condições de estresse. As mudas foram submetidas a três níveis de sombreamento (0, 30 e 70%), seis períodos de avaliação (início: 0 dias; 1ª e 2ª fotossíntese zero: 1ª e 2ª P0; 1ª e 2ª recuperação: 1ª e 2ª REC; e final), e duas formas de irrigação (controle: periodicamente irrigado para manter 70% da capacidade de retenção de água do substrato, e irrigação intermitente: suspensão da irrigação). As plantas submetidas às condições de irrigação intermitente a 0% de sombreamento apresentaram redução do potencial hídrico (Ψw) e eficiência quântica potencial do fotossistema II (Fv/Fm) e máxima eficiência do processo fotoquímico (Fv/F0) e aumento da produção quantica basal dos processos não fotoquímicos (F0/Fm). A atividade da superóxido dismutase (SOD) foi maior nas folhas do que nas raízes. C. xanthocarpa é uma espécie sensível ao déficit hídrico, mas apresenta estratégias para se adaptar a um ambiente com restrição hídrica temporária, sendo mais eficientes sob sombreamento. As mudas com déficit hídrico em todos os níveis de sombreamento exibiram maior atividade antioxidante protetora e menor qualidade no sombreamento 0%. O sombreamento minimiza danos permanentes ao fotossistema II e após a re-irrigação, as características avaliadas apresentaram recuperação em relação ao grupo controle, exceto atividades de POD e SOD nas folhas.

Study of resveratrol against bone loss by using in-silico and in-vitro methods / Estudo do resveratrol contra a perda óssea usando métodos in silico e in vitro

Abstract By applying the in-silico method, resveratrol was docked on those proteins which are responsible for bone loss. The Molecular docking data between the resveratrol and Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-Β ligand [RANKL] receptors proved that resveratrol binds tightly to the receptors, showed the highest binding affinities of −6.9, −7.6, −7.1, −6.9, −6.7, and −7.1 kcal/mol. According to in-vitro data, Resveratrol reduced the osteoclasts after treating Marrow-Derived Macrophages [BMM] with Macrophage colony-stimulating factor [MCSF] 20ng / ml and RANKL 50ng / ml, with different concentrations of resveratrol (2.5, 10 μg / ml) For 7 days, the cells were treated with MCSF (20 ng / ml) and RANKL (40 ng / ml) together with concentrated trimethyl ether and resveratrol (2.5, 10 μg / ml) within 12 hours. Which, not affect cell survival. After fixing osteoclast cells with formaldehyde fixative on glass coverslip followed by incubation with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 min and after that stain with rhodamine phalloidin staining for actin and Hoechst for nuclei. Fluorescence microscopy was performed to see the distribution of filaments actin [F.actin]. Finally, resveratrol reduced the actin ring formation. Resveratrol is the best bioactive compound for drug preparation against bone loss.

Resumo Com a aplicação do método in-silico, o resveratrol foi ancorado nas proteínas responsáveis ​​pela perda óssea. Os dados de docking molecular entre o resveratrol e o ligante do receptor ativador do fator nuclear kappa-Β [Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kappa-B Ligant (RANKL)] provaram que o resveratrol se liga fortemente aos receptores, mostraram as afinidades de ligação mais altas de −6,9, −7,6, −7,1, −6,9, - 6,7 e -7,1 kcal / mol. De acordo com dados in-vitro, o resveratrol reduziu os osteoclastos após o tratamento de macrófagos derivados da medula óssea [Bone Marrow-derived Macrophage (BMM)] com fator estimulador de colônias de macrófagos [Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (MCSF)] 20ng / ml e RANKL 50ng / ml, com diferentes concentrações de resveratrol (2,5, 10 μg / ml). Durante sete dias, as células foram tratadas com MCSF (20 ng / ml) e RANKL (40 ng / ml) juntamente com éter trimetílico concentrado e resveratrol (2,5, 10 μg / ml) em 12 horas, processo que não afeta a sobrevivência celular. Após a fixação de células de osteoclastos com fixador de formaldeído em lamela de vidro seguido de incubação com 0,1% Triton X-100 em PBS por 5 min, foi realizado posteriormente o procedimento para corar com rodamina faloidina a actina e Hoechst os núcleos. A microscopia de fluorescência foi realizada para ver a distribuição dos filamentos de actina [F.actina]. Finalmente, o resveratrol reduziu a formação do anel de actina. O resveratrol é o melhor composto bioativo para o preparo de medicamentos contra a perda óssea.

Guía de uso e indicaciones de la fluorescencia con verde de indocianina (ICG) en cirugía general: recomendaciones basadas en la revisión descriptiva de la literatura y el análisis de la experiencia / Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence guide for the use and indications in general surgery: Recommendations based on the descriptive review of the literature and the analysis of experience

El verde de indocianina es una tinción fluorescente visible con luz cercana al infrarrojo. Es útil para la identificación de las estructuras anatómicas (tracto biliar, uréteres, paratiroides, conducto torácico), la vascularización de tejidos (en anastomosis en cirugía colorrectal, esofágica, gástrica, bariátrica, para plastias y colgajos en cirugía de pared abdominal, hepática, en hernias estranguladas en la isquemia intestinal), para la identificación de tumores (hígado, páncreas, suprarrenal, implantes en la carcinomatosis peritoneal, tumores retroperitoneales y linfomas) y para la identificación del ganglio centinela y del mapeo linfático de tumores malignos (cáncer de estómago, mama, colon, recto, esófago y piel). Las evidencias son muy alentadoras, aunque se necesita la estandarización de su uso y más estudios prospectivos y aleatorizados con mayor número de pacientes para obtener conclusiones definitivas sobre su uso. El objetivo de esta revisión de la literatura es proveer una guía para el uso de la fluorescencia con verde de indocianina en procedimientos de cirugía general (AU)

Indocyanine Green is a fluorescent substance visible in near-infrared light. It is useful for the identification of anatomical structures (biliary tract, ureters, parathyroid, thoracic duct), the tissues vascularization (anastomosis in colorectal, esophageal, gastric, bariatric surgery, for plasties and flaps in abdominal wall surgery, liver resection, in strangulated hernias and in intestinal ischemia), for tumor identification (liver, pancreas, adrenal glands, implants of peritoneal carcinomatosis, retroperitoneal tumors and lymphomas) and sentinel node identification and lymphatic mapping in malignant tumors (stomach, breast, colon, rectum, esophagus and skin cancer). The evidence is very encouraging, although standardization of its use and randomized studies with higher number of patients are required to obtain definitive conclusions on its use in general surgery. The aim of this literature review is to provide a guide for the use of ICG fluorescence in general surgery procedures (AU)

Uso de verde de indocianina en cirugía reconstructiva y quemaduras / The use of indocyanine green in reconstructive surgery and burns: the literature review

Resumen El verde de indocianina es un tinte que se ha utilizado en medicina durante varias décadas. Tiene una serie de aplicaciones, incluida la cirugía reconstructiva y las quemaduras. Permite detectar áreas de tejido con perfusión reducida, lo que reduce el riesgo de complicaciones posoperatorias en forma de procesos de cicatrización alterados y necrosis. La técnica de imágenes que utiliza este tinte, permite observar los cambios en la fluorescencia en tiempo real y que, se ha demostrado, ocurren entre las capas superficiales y profundas en las quemaduras. Esto permite un diagnóstico cualitativo y cuantitativo de la profundidad de la quemadura, lo que se traduce en la elección de un tratamiento adicional. Se aprecia la importancia particular de este método en la prevención de la necrosis cutánea con el complejo areola-pezón durante la reconstrucción mamaria simultánea. Se necesitan más ensayos controlados aleatorios prospectivos para considerarlo el "método de elección" en la práctica clínica.

Indocyanine green is a dye that has been used in medicine for several decades. It has a number of applications, including reconstructive surgery and burns. It allows the detection of areas of tissue with reduced perfusion, which reduces the risk of postoperative complications in the form of altered healing processes and necrosis. The imaging technique that uses this dye allows us to observe the changes in fluorescence in real time that have been shown to occur between the superficial and deep layers in burns. This allows a qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of the depth of the burn, which results in the choice of additional treatment. The particular importance of this method in the prevention of skin necrosis with the areolanipple complex is appreciate during simultaneous breast reconstruction. More prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to consider it the 'method of choice' in clinical practice.