¿Cómo aumentar el consumo de leguminosas en la población Chilena? / How can legume consumption be increased in the Chilean population?

RESUMEN En las últimas décadas la obesidad se ha transformado en uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública a nivel mundial. En Chile más del 50% de los niños de pre kinder y 1° año básico tienen exceso de peso. Esto ha motivado acciones para fomentar la alimentación saludable, como la Ley 20.606, las Guias Alimentarias Chilenas del año 2013 y la incorporación de alimentos saludables en el Programa de Alimentación Escolar. A pesar de lo anterior, se observó un aumento del consumo aparente de alimentos procesados de alta densidad energética, grasas saturadas, sodio y de azúcares agregados, perdiendo importancia los alimentos naturales (verduras, frutas y legumbres). Las legumbres han presentado un consumo decreciente desde 1987, llegando a consumir menos de kilo/hogar al mes. Por otro lado, existe una clara aceptación del consumo de legumbres en los niños, a pesar de desconocer las recomendaciones de consumo, y un rechazo a su preparación en el hogar por las madres, indicando el poco apoyo del hogar a la adquisición de este saludable hábito en los niños. A pesar de las estrategias establecidas para aumentar el consumo de legumbres, estas han sido escasas y con baja cobertura. Se ha demostrado que la escuela es importante en el desarrollo de estilos de vida saludables, al igual que un ambiente familiar que los fomente.

ABSTRACT In recent decades, obesity has become one of the biggest public health problems worldwide. In Chile, more than 50% of pre-school and 1st-grade students are overweight. This has led to a series of actions to promote healthy eating in the Chilean population, such as the 20,606 law, the 2013 Chilean Dietary Guidelines and the incorporation of healthy foods into the school food program. Despite these efforts there has been an increase in the consumption of high energy density processed foods, saturated fats, sodium and added sugars, and a decrease in the consumption of natural foods (vegetables, fruits and legumes). Legume consumption has been decreasing since 1987, with current consumption averaging less than 1 kilogram per home per month. On the other hand, there is a clear acceptance of legume consumption by children, despite not knowing recommended consumption. At the same time, mothers demonstrate a rejection to legume preparation in the home; indicating how little support there is in the home for children to acquire this healthy eating habit. Strategies to increase the consumption of legumes have been few and have had low coverage. It has been shown that the school environment is important in developing healthy lifestyles in children, as is a family environment that promotes healthy lifestyles.

Avaliação nutricional de usuários atendidos em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) / Nutritional assessment of patients attended in a Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS)

Introdução: A avaliação do estado nutricional permite determinar o tratamento, prevenção de comorbidades futuras e a melhoria na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos, características essen- ciais no tratamento das doenças mentais. Objetivo: Avaliar o estado nutricional e o consumo alimentar de usuários atendidos em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS). Método: Estudo transversal, de cunho quantitativo, realizado com usuários atendidos em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial, entre maio e dezembro de 2015. Os dados clínicos foram obtidos pela análise de prontuário, avaliação do estado nutricional com uso da antropometria (Índice de Massa Corporal - IMC - e circunferência abdominal), do consumo alimentar (recordatório 24h), analisado com o uso do software Virtual Nutri Plus® 2.0. A intervenção nutricional foi realizada por meio de ativi- dade lúdica desenvolvida pela pesquisadora. A análise estatística foi realizada com o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) e os gráficos foram construídos utilizando-se o software GraphPad Prism 6®. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 15 usuários do CAPS, prevalência de mulheres (70,58%), média de idade 46,1 anos, IMC médio de 29,5 kg/m2. O consumo alimentar de lipídios foi prevalente, apesar de não haver resultado significativo na melhoria do consumo calórico e de macronutrientes pré e pós-intervenção nutricional com esta população. Mas as mudanças comportamentais relacionadas ao fracionamento das refeições e ao consumo de água (p≤0,01) tiveram aumento significativo após a intervenção nutricional. Conclusões: A avaliação do estado nutricional e do consumo alimentar, associados à intervenção nutricional, são de suma importância na detecção precoce de alterações associadas à exposição aos antipsicóticos, para a melhoria da qualidade de vida, assim como para desenvolvimento da autonomia dos usuários do CAPS.(AU)

Introduction: The assessment of nutritional status to determine the treatment, prevention of future comorbidities and improving the quality of life of individuals, essential features in the treatment of mental illness. Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status and dietary intake of users attended in a Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS). Methods: Cross-sectional study, quantitative nature carried out with users attended at a Psychosocial Care Center, from May to December 2015. Clinical data were obtained from medical records analysis, assessment of nutritional status by anthropometry (Body Mass Index - BMI - and waist circumference) food consumption (recall 24h), analyzed using the Virtual Nutri Plus® 2.0 software. The nutritional intervention was performed through ludic activity developed by the researcher. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and the graphs were constructed using the GraphPad Prism software 6®. Results: The sample consisted of 15 members of the CAPS, prevalence of women 70.58%, mean age 46.1 years, mean BMI of 29.5 kg/m2. Dietary fat intake was prevalent, though no significant results in improving the caloric intake and macronutrient pre and post nutritional intervention with this population. But the behavioral changes related to the division of food and water consumption (p≤0.01) had a significant increase after the end nutricional. Conclusions: The assessment of nutritional status and food intake associated with nutritional intervention, are very important in the early detection of changes associated with exposure to antipsychotics, to improve the quality of life, as well as development of the autonomy of CAPS users.(AU)

Reference serving sizes for the Brazilian population: An analysis of processed food labels / Porção de referência para a população brasileira: uma análise considerando rótulos de alimentos industrializados

OBJECTIVE: To compare serving sizes reported on processed food labels with reference serving sizes according to nutrition labeling legislation and the "Food Guide for the Brazilian Population". METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed the labels of 2,072 processed foods in a supermarket of Florianópolis, Santa Caratina, Brazil. The foods were classified according to the Brazilian food labeling legislation. Central tendency and variability values were calculated for the serving sizes and energy values reported on the labels, as well as the ratio between the reported and reference energy value. The Spearman correlation test was performed between the reference serving size and the reference energy density, and also between the reference serving size and energy density of each study food. RESULTS: Nutrition labeling and the Food Guide presented reference servings with different sizes and energy values. The serving sizes reported on the labels did not follow either of the references and presented heterogeneous values, with a maximum range of 55-240 g among ready and semi-ready pre-prepared dishes. The reported energy values were between 0.1 times smaller and 2.4 times larger than the reference values. The reference serving sizes presented a highly inverse correlation with the reference energy density (Spearman coefficient= 0.9) and a very low inverse correlation with the energy density of the foods analyzed (Spearman coefficient= 0.2). CONCLUSION: This study showed the need for standardizing reference serving size information for the Brazilian population as well as reviewing nutrition labeling legislation in order to standardize the serving sizes reported on labels and to update the reference energy density used to calculate serving sizes. .

OBJETIVO: Comparar as porções declaradas nos rótulos de alimentos industrializados com as porções de referência da legislação de rotulagem nutricional e do "Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira". MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal que analisou os rótulos de 2072 alimentos industrializados em um supermercado de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Os alimentos foram classificados de acordo com a legislação brasileira de rotulagem nutricional. Foram calculados valores de tendência central e de variabilidade para porção e valor energético declarados nos rótulos, além da razão entre o valor energético declarado e de referência. Teste de Correlação de Spearman foi realizado entre porção e densidade energética de referência e entre porção de referência e densidade energética de cada alimento analisado. RESULTADOS: A rotulagem nutricional e o Guia Alimentar apresentaram porções de referência com tamanhos e valores energéticos diferentes. As porções declaradas nos rótulos não seguiram nenhuma das referências e apresentaram valores heterogêneos, com amplitude máxima de 55-420 g entre pratos preparados prontos e semiprontos. Os valores energéticos declarados foram de 0,1 vez menor a 2,4 vezes maiores do que os valores de referência. As porções de referência da rotulagem apresentaram correlação inversa alta com a densidade energética de referência (Coeficiente de Spearman=-0,9), e muito baixa com a densidade energética dos alimentos analisados (Coeficiente de Spearman=-0,2). CONCLUSÃO: Evidenciou-se a necessidade de padronização das informações sobre porção de referência para a população brasileira, assim como de fisca...

Educación alimentaria: impacto en la elección de productos saludables en kioscos escolares / Food education: impact on choosing healthy products in school kiosks

La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en la población infantil argentina se ha incrementado, siendo uno de los causales los hábitos alimentarios inapropiados. Un factor condicionante en la alimentación de los niños lo constituyen los kioscos escolares. Objetivos: evaluar el impacto de una propuesta de educación alimentaria nutricional (EAN) y de la implementación de kiosco saludable en la elección de los alimentos comprados por los niños en la escuela. Población y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, comparativo (abril a noviembre de 2012) en dos escuelas primarias públicas (DS y MM) de la ciudad de Santa Fe. Se utilizaron encuestas para evaluar conocimientos nutricionales y consumo de alimentos adquiridos en el kiosco escolar. Resultados: los escolares de ambas instituciones pre¬eren comprar alimentos no recomendables en el kiosco escolar. El consumo de estos productos fue menor en la escuela que tenía ciertas restricciones de venta. Luego de aplicar EAN durante seis meses acompañada de la implementación de kioscos saludables, se encontró que más del 90% de los alumnos reconoció los alimentos considerados como no recomendables y se observó una tendencia a la disminución de su consumo. Sin embargo, tienen di¬cultad para reconocer los alimentos considerados como recomendables y si bien su consumo se incrementó, el porcentaje de niños que los eligió siguió siendo muy bajo. Conclusiones: los conocimientos adquiridos en el aula parecerían ser un factor importante en la elección de alimentos recomendables como colación. Pero resulta indispensable implementar políticas sanitarias efectivas con normas que regulen la venta de alimentos en los kioscos escolares.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children in our country caused by improper eating habits and decreasing physical activity, is of great concern. A conditioning factor in the diet of children is school canteens. Objetives: to evaluate the impact of a proposed nutrition education program (EAN) and the implementation of kiosks, on choosing healthy food purchased by children at school. Population and methods: a cross-sectional descriptive and comparative study was conducted in two public elementary schools (DS and MM) located in downtown Santa Fe. Surveys were used to assess nutrition knowledge and consumption of food purchased in the school kiosk. Results: children from two different public schools in the city of Santa Fe prefer non-recommended food when they buy a snack at school. The consumption of these products was lower in the school that had a sale’s restriction. After developing a nutrition education program (EAN) for six months, accompanied by the implementation of healthy kiosks, more than 90% of students recognized non- recommended products and the purchase of these products decreased. However, the children have dif¬culty in recognizing the recommended foods and although its consumption increased, the percentage of children who chose remained very low. Conclusions: the results obtained show the importance of implementing nutrition education policies in the school system along with kiosks offering healthy food. However, it is essential to implement effective health policies with rules governing the sale of food in school kiosks.