A school-based food and nutrition education intervention increases nutrition-related knowledge and fruit consumption among primary school children in northern Ghana.

BACKGROUND: Providing children with the opportunity to learn about nutrition is critical in helping them establish a healthy lifestyle and eating behaviours that would remain with them till adulthood. We determined the effect of a school-based food and nutrition education (SFNE) intervention on the nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, dietary habits, physical activity levels and the anthropometric indices (BMI-for-age z scores, %Body fat and waist circumference) of school-age children in northern Ghana. METHODS: Following a controlled before-and-after study design, we recruited school-age children in primary 4 and 5 from public and private schools and assigned them non-randomly to intervention and control groups (4 schools total). A SFNE intervention called 'Eat Healthy, Grow Healthy (EHGH)' was implemented in intervention schools. Components of the intervention included children, teachers, school officials, and the school environment. Nutrition education didactic sessions, active discussions, nutrition games, charades, art work, and physical activity sessions were among the teaching and learning activities implemented. At 0 and 6 months, primary (anthropometry) and secondary (fruit, vegetable, and breakfast consumption) outcomes were obtained. RESULTS: Mean BMI-for-age z-scores did not differ significantly between intervention and control groups (F1,261 = 0.45, P = 0.503, η2 = 0.01). However, significantly greater nutrition-related knowledge scores were recorded in the intervention group than in the control group at post-intervention (M = 6.07 SD = 2.17 vs. M = 5.22 SD = 1.92; p = 0.002). Mean number of days intervention children consumed fruits differed across time (F1, 263 = 33.04, p = 0.002, η2 = 0.04) but not between the control and intervention groups (F1, 263 = 0.28, p = 0.60, η2 = 0.00). CONCLUSIONS: The EHGH intervention had positive effects on the nutrition-related knowledge and the consumption of fruits among children although it did not impact their anthropometric indices.

Impact of a Cooking Intervention on the Cooking Skills of Adult Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of the Nutrition and Culinary in the Kitchen (NCK) Program on the cooking skills of Brazilian individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: A randomized controlled intervention study was performed, with intervention and control groups. The intervention group participated in weekly sessions of the NCK Program for six weeks (including two in-person practical cooking and three online cooking workshops). The cooking recipes were adapted by replacing high glycemic index ingredients with low and medium glycemic index alternatives. Of note, the recipes did not contain added sugars or sweeteners, were based on the use of fresh or minimally processed foods, herbs, and spices, and were sensorially tested by individuals with T2DM before use in the intervention. The study outcomes were participant score changes on the seven scales. A validated online instrument was administered to the control and intervention groups at baseline (T1) and post-intervention (T2). Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to assess the differences between the T1 and T2 parameters. RESULTS: Of the 60 individuals enrolled, 44 answered the questionnaire at both times. The findings revealed a 45.37% ± 93.57% increase in Knowledge of Cooking Terms in the intervention group, whereas the control group showed a 3.82% ± 16.17% reduction (p = 0.008). There was an increase in all the other cooking skills and healthy eating scales from T1 to T2 in the intervention group, but the differences were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The development of cooking skills can contribute to increasing culinary knowledge and the availability of time to cook at home. The results contribute to the planning of health actions aimed at individuals with DM2 through culinary interventions and public food and nutrition policies.

Diálogos entre educação popular e educação alimentar e nutricional: reflexões a partir das trajetórias de três docentes universitários / Dialogues between popular education and food and nutritional education: reflections from the trajectories of three university professors

Resumo Este ensaio explora as convergências e singularidades do diálogo entre a educação popular (EP) e a educação alimentar e nutricional (EAN) a partir de fragmentos biográficos do percurso formativo da graduação em Nutrição de três docentes universitários que constituíram as suas trajetórias acadêmico-profissional mediados pela Educação Popular. Inspirando-se na autobiografia, as narrativas revelaram que as indignações iniciais com as desigualdades sociais foram mobilizadoras do percurso formativo, possibilitando a compreensão dos fenômenos da fome, do sofrimento e do cuidado humano. Assim, o exercício de buscarem espaços e oportunidades na qual pudessem conhecer e experienciar o trabalho social em contextos de vulnerabilidades mostrou-se decisivo nas construções pessoais e profissionais, revelando as contradições dos modelos tradicionais de formação e foram o ponto de partida para a gênese do pensamento crítico. Assim, pretende-se oferecer pistas para compreender as interfaces entre EP e EAN, na convergência de ações em torno da luta contra a fome e pelo Direito à Alimentação, sem, entretanto, reduzir-se uma à outra, quando a alimentação e nutrição se projetam no horizonte das práticas.

Abstract This essay explores the convergences and singularities of popular education and Food and Nutrition Education based on biographical fragments of the undergraduate training program in Nutrition of three university professors who established their academic and professional trajectories at these crossroads of knowledge and actions mediated by popular education. Inspired by the autobiographical method, the narratives revealed that the initial indignations with social inequalities were mobilizing the routes in the formative path toward understanding hunger, suffering, and human care. To this end, seeking spaces and opportunities to learn about and experience social work in contexts of vulnerabilities was a decisive factor in their personal and professional constructions, revealing the contradictions of traditional training models and the starting point for the genesis of critical thinking. Thus, clues are offered to understand the interfaces of Popular Education (PE) and Food and Nutrition Education (FNE) in the converging actions around the fight against hunger and the right to food without, however, reducing one to the other when food and Nutrition are projected on the horizon of practices.

Materiais educativos digitais sobre habilidades culinárias como estratégia de promoção de saúde na Atenção Primária / Digital educational materials on culinary skills as a health promotion strategy in Primary Health Care

Resumo Este estudo visa reportar desenvolvimento e validação de materiais educativos digitais baseados nas dimensões de habilidades culinárias domésticas (HCD) avaliadas por escala destinada aos profissionais da APS, nas recomendações do Guia Alimentar Para a População Brasileira e no Marco de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional (EAN) para Políticas Públicas. Foram desenvolvidos 5 vídeos e materiais gráficos com propostas de atividades para desenvolvimento de HCD e estímulo à sua implementação em ações e orientações junto à comunidade e em atendimentos profissionais. O conteúdo dos materiais foi avaliado por especialistas utilizando técnica Delphi de 2 rounds e análises estatísticas para evidência de consenso. Especialistas proferiram comentários para aprimoramento dos produtos e sua aplicabilidade. Os materiais apresentaram linguagem decodificada, ilustrações lúdicas, com personagens representativos da população-alvo. Apresentaram evidência de validade de conteúdo satisfatória e podem ser utilizados em ações de educação permanente, visando a qualificação da força de trabalho, e em ações de EAN junto aos sujeitos de direito. Os materiais gráficos possibilitam associar o conteúdo dos vídeos à prática, em contextos condizentes com a realidade dos sujeitos.

Abstract This study aims to report on the development and validation of digital educational materials based on the dimensions of home cooking skills (HCS) assessed on a scale destined for PHC professionals, following the recommendations of The Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population and on The Food and Nutrition Education Framework (FNE) for Public Policies. Five videos and graphic materials were developed with proposals for activities to develop HCS and encourage its implementation in actions and guidelines in the community and in professional care. The content of the materials was evaluated by experts using the Two-Round Delphi-based technique and statistical analyses for evidence of consensus. Specialists presented comments to improve the products and their applicability. The materials presented decoded language and playful illustrations with characters representative of the target population. Evidence of satisfactory content validity was presented and can be used in permanent education actions, seeking the qualification of the workforce and in FNE actions within the scope of the law. The graphic materials make it possible to associate the content of the videos with practice in contexts consistent with the reality of the individuals.

Food and nutritional education in rural quilombola communities in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: methodological aspects / Educação alimentar e nutricional em comunidades quilombolas rurais do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: aspectos metodológicos

Background: The construction of programs to promote healthy eating should be guided by the culture and living conditions of people. Objective: To describe the methodology for a community intervention in food and nutritional education (FNE) carried out in rural quilombola communities (QC) in Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: Two communities were included. The FNE actions consisted of six workshops with a focus on the concepts of food culture, adequate and healthy food, and health promotion, focusing on food rather than nutrients. The actions were planned from the production of strategies that could be replicated by the participants to the other residents. Results: The workshops were attended by people of various ages and the participation of women was more expressive. Each workshop had specific objectives and different dynamics employed. Conclusion: This approach sought to emphasize the experiences, culture, and opinions of the people residing in the QC included in the study. It is hoped that this FNE community intervention can guide and subsidize the planning and execution of similar initiatives in other QCs in Rio Grande do Sul or even the country.

Introdução: A construção de programas de promoção da alimentação saudável deve ser pautada sobre a cultura e as condições de vida das pessoas. Objetivo: Descrever a metodologia para uma intervenção comunitária de educação alimentar e nutricional (EAN) realizada em comunidades quilombolas (CQ) rurais do Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos: Foram incluídas duas comunidades. As ações de EAN consistiram na realização de seis oficinas com abordagem pautada nos conceitos de cultura alimentar, alimentação adequada e saudável e promoção da saúde, com foco em alimentos e comida ao invés de nutrientes. As ações foram planejadas a partir da produção de estratégias que pudessem ser replicadas pelos participantes aos outros moradores. Resultados: Participaram das oficinas pessoas de várias idades e a participação das mulheres foi mais expressiva. Cada oficina teve objetivos específicos e diferentes dinâmicas empregadas. Conclusão: Essa abordagem buscou enfatizar as experiências, a cultura e as opiniões das pessoas que residem nas CQ incluídas no estudo. Espera-se que essa intervenção comunitária de EAN possa nortear e subsidiar o planejamento e execução de iniciativas similares em outras CQ do estado ou até mesmo do país.

Análisis de meriendas escolares: estudio piloto en educación infantil / School meals analysis: pilot study in early childhood education

Fundamentos: La escuela puede ser un contexto favorecedor para prevenir la obesidad infantil, por lo que pautar meriendas escolares puede contribuir a adoptar hábitos saludables. El objetivo de este estudio fue doble: a) analizar el grado de cumplimiento de las meriendas pautadas; b) comparar las características de las meriendas según si eran o no pautadas. Métodos: Estudio transversal donde han participado centros escolares de las ciudades de Vigo y Pontevedra. Para el análisis comparativo se clasificó y categorizó cada una de las meriendas de los centros con y sin pauta. Asimismo, se comparó la composición de las meriendas establecidas, dependiendo si habían cumplido o no la pauta. Resultados: Se analizaron 1259 meriendas establecidas y 1363 sin pauta. El 81,2% de las meriendas recogidas cumplían con los requisitos pautados. Las meriendas no establecidas incluyeron un número de alimentos significativamente superior (p<0,001), así como un mayor porcentaje de alimentos ultraprocesados. En los centros con pauta, los niños cumplidores incluían más fruta y embutido, mientras que los no cumplidores llevaban más ultraprocesados. Conclusiones: Pautar meriendas escolares en educación infantil es una estrategia efectiva para asegurar una nutrición variada y una menor ingesta de alimentos ultraprocesados. (AU)

Background: The school can be a favorable context to prevent childhood obesity, so that the pattern of school snacks can contribute to the adoption of healthy habits. The aim of this study was twofold: a) to analyze the degree of compliance with the prescribed snacks; b) to compare the characteristics of the snacks according to whether they were prescribed or not. Methods: Cross-sectional study in which schools in the cities of Vigo and Pontevedra participated. For the comparative analysis, we classified and categorized each of the snacks in the schools with and without guidelines. Likewise, the composition of the established snacks was compared, depending on whether or not they had complied with the guideline. Results: A total of 1259 established snacks and 1363 without guidelines were analyzed. Of the snacks collected, 81.2% complied with the requirements established. The non-established snacks included a significantly higher number of foods (p<0.001), as well as a higher percentage of ultra-processed foods. In guideline centers, compliant children included more fruit and sausage, while non-compliant children had more ultra-processed foods. Conclusions: The school snack program in early childhood education is an effective strategy to ensure avaried nutrition and a lower intake of ultra-processed foods. (AU)

Digital Educational Game "O Jardim do Ferro": A Tool for the Prevention of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Childhood.

Objective: To create and evaluate a digital educational game (DEG) for preschool children for the prevention of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. Methodology: The DEG software was developed by a multidisciplinary team, according to Chandler's methodology, in Engine Unity. The game is a 2D platformer, for Android, with three different phases. A quiz was developed for parents/caregivers about iron absorption and anemia. The quiz content was evaluated by experts. The evaluation of the game was carried out through a questionnaire applied in the school for children from 4 to 6 years of age. Results: For the construction of the game, programming, team planning, art, and soundtrack were necessary. The game was registered at the National Institute of Industrial Property. The quiz was evaluated by 14 experts and all questions had more than 80% agreement. The questionnaire was answered by 32 children with a mean age of 5.0 ± 0.7 years, and ∼70% evaluated the game positively. Thus, the acceptability of the software was favored by most players. Conclusion: The "O Jardim do Ferro" software, from its conception to evaluation, proved to be a promising tool to contribute to food and nutrition education actions, providing opportunities for the construction of knowledge about iron-rich foods for the prevention of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in childhood.

[An examination of relevant factors attributable to child health, food behavior, and lifestyle concerns of parents with infants aged at least 18 months: With a view to expanding into Shokuiku (food and nutrition education)].

Objectives　This study focused on food after weaning and examined the children's diet and home environmental factors that influence parents' concerns during health checkup for infants (aged 1.6 and 3 years).Methods　In the analysis, 646 participants, excluding invalid responses, who cooperated with the survey during health checkup for 1.6- and 3-year-old in the Tohoku, Chubu, and Chugoku regions from March 2019 to January 2020, were included. The survey included 56 items of dietary, lifestyle, and health concerns (yes/no answers), child attributes, and frequency of food intake (six options, 18 types). Concern factors were extracted by factor analysis. The association between the worry scores and each factor was analyzed.Results　The 1.6- and 3-year-olds were associated with high scores for (health awareness and lifestyle) and low fruit intake, high salty snacks intake, and low subjective economic status, high scores for (diet content and atmosphere) and low intakes of carotene-rich vegetables, other vegetables, seaweed, and fruits, high scores for (interest and motivation in food) and low carotene-rich vegetables intake, high scores for (food experience and behavior) and high cereals (bread) intake, low subjective economic status. The 3-year-olds were associated with high scores and being boys.Conclusion　We extracted four worry factors that parents with children after the weaning period have and clarified the factors related to each factor and group characteristics.

Effects of a physical education intervention on children's physical activity and fitness: the PROFIT pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Physical education classes are widely accepted as one of the most effective settings for promoting physical activity and health and have often been used to implement physical activity interventions. The aim of this pilot study was to test a physical education intervention program on physical activity levels and physical fitness in a sample of school-age children. METHODS: Participants were a convenience sample of 50 children (34 experimental group and 16 in the comparative group) aged between 6 and 11 years old (Mean = 8.28 years). A 21-week intervention was implemented, consisting of high-intensity and physical fitness-focused exercises, in addition to a once-a-month extra class nutritional education. The following variables were evaluated before and post-intervention: physical fitness, sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA), moderate physical activity (MVA), and vigorous physical activity (VPA). Propensity score analyses calculated the average treatment effect on the treated (ATET) within a quasi-experimental framework. RESULTS: Physical fitness variables showed improvements after the intervention, specifically for agility (ATET = -0.67 s; p < 0.001), cardiorespiratory fitness (ATET = 89.27 m; p = 0.045), lower limbs power (ATET = 4.47 centimeters; p = 0.025), and speed (ATET = -1.06 s; p < 0.001). For physical activity and SB levels, there were no improvements after intervention implementation. CONCLUSION: The intervention program showed preliminary effectiveness to improve physical fitness of children, but not SB nor physical activity.

Tobacco cessation in patients with multiple chronic conditions: nutritional strategies as an additional tool in treatment

Abstract Objective To evaluate the impacts of a nutritional education intervention for patients with multiple chronic conditions during smoking cessation. Methods The non-probabilistic sample comprised 18 adults and seniors of both sexes recruited from a smoking cessation treatment group. At the beginning of treatment, smoking history, degree of dependence, and stage of motivation were assessed. Degree of craving was evaluated weekly for the 1st month. Anthropometric and biochemical assessments were conducted at baseline, at 1 month, and at 3 months. Dietary intake was assessed with the "How is your diet?" questionnaire. The nutritional intervention was delivered in three sessions. The themes covered were energy balance and physical activity, healthy eating, and the importance of fruit and vegetables in the diet. Statistical analysis was conducted with the Shapiro Wilk test of normality, the paired t test, and the Wilcoxon or Mann-Whitney U tests (significance ≤ 0.05). Results Most people (55.6%) in the intervention group had a high degree of smoking dependence, while the frequency in the control group was 22.2%. Degree of craving decreased significantly after 1 month of treatment (p = 0.017). After 3 months, both groups had a positive variation in mean body weight, although below 3%. In both groups, the average percentage of weight gain was less than 3%, suggesting that delivery of the nutritional education sessions and the nutritionist's use of the protocol proposed by the Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA) helped to control weight gain. Blood glucose and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) both increased significantly in the intervention group (p = 0.15 and p = 0.50, respectively). Conclusion Greater proximity and more frequent intervention by a nutritionist assists and encourages healthy eating practices during the smoking cessation process, which can benefit individuals' control of chronic diseases over the long term.

Evolution of fruit and vegetable intake among health promotion service participants in a Brazilian metropolis: 48-month follow-up of a randomized controlled community trial.

OBJECTIVE: To assess longitudinal effects of a nutrition intervention on fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake among Primary Health Care (PHC) service participants in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. METHODS: Demographics and health data on 3414 PHC service participants were collected at baseline in 2013-2014. F&V intake was assessed at baseline, 12, 36, and 48 months until 2017-2018. Services were randomized to control (CG, usual care) or intervention (IG, usual care and a Transtheoretical Model-based intervention to increase F&V intake). We performed difference-in-differences (DiD) analysis to identify intervention effects on F&V intake, and sensitivity analyses of participants observed at all timepoints. RESULTS: Participants were mostly middle-aged, low-income women. Mean baseline intakes were 168.7 g of fruit, 202.0 g of vegetables, and 370.7 g of F&V, with lower fruit in the IG (164.1 g) than the CG (172.3 g). At 12 months, the intervention increased fruit intake in the IG and fruit and F&V intake among individuals with low baseline F&V intake. Fruit intake remained higher at 36 months in the IG. No effect on vegetable intake was identified. According to sensitivity analyses, effects on fruit intake among the complete sample did not remain significant at 36 months, and an effect on fruit intake at 36 months was identified among those with adequate baseline F&V intake. Reductions in F&V intake did not remain significant. CONCLUSIONS: At 12 months, a TTM-based intervention increased fruit intake in the overall sample, and fruit and F&V intake among individuals with low baseline intakes. Repeated interventions may be needed over time. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: RBR-9h7ckx.

Ferramentas para promoção e avaliação da alimentação adequada e saudável desenvolvidas no Brasil: uma revisão de escopo / Tools developed in Brazil for the promotion and assessment of adequate and healthy eating habits: A scoping review

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e discutir as ferramentas de promoção e avaliação da alimentação adequada e saudável baseadas no Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira. A revisão de escopo foi conduzida de acordo com o JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis, utilizando para relatório de revisão de escopo o guia Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews, com busca nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SciELO e LILACS. Dezesseis estudos sobre ferramentas baseadas no guia alimentar para indivíduos de todas as faixas etárias, foram incluídos: dois descritivos, dois de protocolo de estudo clínico randomizado, onze metodológicos e um psicométrico, direcionados à população (n=12) ou à profissionais de saúde (n=4). Seis estudos abordaram ferramentas para promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável e dez desenvolveram ferramentas para avaliação de práticas alimentares ou de conhecimento e atividades de profissionais da saúde. Esta revisão auxiliará os profissionais de saúde na escolha dos instrumentos para o processo de implementação e, ou, divulgação das recomendações do guia alimentar, contribuindo para a promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável.

Abstract The objective of this study was to identify and discuss the tools for the promotion and evaluation of adequate and healthy eating based on the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population. The scoping review was conducted according to the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis via the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and by searching PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SciELO and LILACS. Sixteen studies on relevant tools, based on the food guide for individuals of all age groups, were thus included: two descriptive studies, two randomized clinical trial protocols, eleven methodological analyses, and one psychometric paper, aimed at either a focal population (n=12) or health professionals (n=4). Six studies addressed tools for promoting adequate and healthy eating, and ten developed tools for evaluating dietary practices or the knowledge and activities of health professionals. This review can therefore assist health professionals in choosing instruments for the implementation and/or dissemination of food guide recommendations, contributing to the promotion of adequate and healthy eating habits.

24-Hour Dietary Recall in the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program: Perspective of the Program Coordinator.

The purpose of this study was to determine how the 24-hour dietary recall (24HDR) is administered and how the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) peer educators and other staff are trained on the data collection and entry process, from the EFNEP coordinators' perspectives. This cross-sectional, quantitative study utilized an online survey to collect information from EFNEP coordinators representing 61 of 76 EFNEP programs. While 56% of the programs collected the 24HDR data starting with the first thing eaten the previous day, 49% of them started collecting data at the time of class, going backwards. Most programs, i.e., 72%, reported using a multiple-pass method; however, only one-third of them reported using the standard five-pass method. Almost all programs, i.e., 97%, reported one peer educator collecting data from a group of 2-12 clients. All programs reported collecting the 24HDR data in a group setting, with about one-third of the programs also collecting data one-on-one. Most programs, i.e., 57%, reported spending ≤4 h on the initial training of staff in how to collect 24HDR data, and 54% of them reported that the peer educators entered the data themselves. This study found that the methods used to collect answers, train the staff, and enter the 24HDR data varied across EFNEP programs and that there is a need to standardize or revise the collection of 24HDR data.

Mejor nutrición no significa necesariamente más comida": educación alimentaria y fomento agrícola en Argentina (1960-1970) / Better nutrition does not necessarily mean more food": food education and agricultural promotion in Argentina (1960­1970) / Melhor nutrição não significa necessariamente mais comida": educação alimentar e promoção agrícola na Argentina (1960-1970)

Introducción: el artículo analiza los lineamientos en educación alimentaria y de fomento agrícola que circularon en la Revista Educador Sanitario, publicación oficial de la repartición nacional de educación sanitaria de Argentina durante la década de 1960. Desarrollo: el trabajo explora las adaptaciones discursivas de los sanitaristas argentinos a las directrices internacionales de desarrollo para promover la campaña mundial contra el "hambre oculta", definida como aquellos patrones culturales alimentarios de baja calidad nutricional. Luego, examina las prescripciones dietéticas para las familias populares que pretendían estimular como hábitos, calidad, variedad y austeridad. Por último, revisa las tensiones y las contradicciones inmanentes a las referencias eruditas en torno al fomento agrícola y a las reglas del libre comercio, al evidenciar las inequidades alimentarias y la falta de infraestructura federal para lograr la ansiada modernización agroalimentaria. Conclusiones: el discurso de los desarrollistas sobre alimentación nutritiva apropiadas por la revista fueron funcionales al clima de proscripción peronista. Los consejos dietéticos y en economía doméstica apuntaron a sustituir el consumo cárnico por otras fuentes proteicas, como legumbres y lácteos, y los hidratos de carbono simples, por complejos, como las hortalizas. No obstante, sus vinculaciones con el fomento a las agroeconomías de subsistencia refutaron la pre- valencia del "hambre oculta" como problema alimentario en Argentina, pues, en sintonía con los parámetros internacionales, de esta manera se propiciaría una dinámica de redistribución alimenticia, capaz de reponer las vacancias del mercado interno y de estimular las exportaciones netas al prevenir la erosión de los saldos exportables

Introduction: This article analyzes the guidelines on food education and agricultural promotion that circulated in the Revista Educador Sanitario, the official publication of the national health education department of Argentina during the 1960s. Development: The study explores the discursive adaptations by Argentinean sanitarians to the international development guidelines toward promoting the global campaign against "hidden hunger," which referred to the cultural eating patterns of low nutritional quality food. Then, the study examines the dietary prescriptions for popular families that were intended to stimulate quality, variety, and austerity as healthy habits. Finally, it reviews the tensions and contradictions immanent in the scholarly references to agricultural promotion and free trade rules, highlighting food inequities and the lack of infrastructure at the federal level to successfully achieve the desired agri-food modern- ization. Conclusions: The developmentalist disourse on nutritious food appropriated by the Revista were found to be functional to the climate of peronist prescription. Dietary and home economics suggestions attempted to substitute meat consumption for other protein sources such as legumes and dairy products and that of simple carbohydrates for complex ones such as vegetables. However, their links with the promotion of subsistence agro-economies refuted the prevalence of "hidden hunger" as a food problem in Argentina. In line with the international parameters, this approach would promote a dynamic of food redistribution to replenish the gaps in the domestic market and stimulate net exports by preventing the erosion of exportable balances.

Introdução: o artigo analisa as orientações sobre educação alimentar e promoção agrícola que circularam na Revista Educador Sanitário, publicação oficial do departamento nacional de educação sanitária da Argentina durante a década de 1960. Desenvolvimento: o trabalho explora as adaptações discursivas que foram feitas por sanitaristas argentinos às diretrizes de desenvolvimento internacional para promover a campanha global contra a "fome oculta", definida como aqueles padrões alimentares culturais de baixa qualidade nutricional. Em seguida, examina as prescrições alimentares para famílias populares que visavam estimular a qualidade, a variedade e a austeridade como hábitos. Por fim, revisa as tensões e contradições inerentes aos referenciais acadêmicos sobre desenvolvimento agrícola e regras de livre comércio, evidenciando as iniquidades alimentares e a falta de infraestrutura no nível federal para alcançar a tão esperada modernização agroalimentar. Conclusões: os discursos desenvolvimentistas sobre alimentação nutritiva apropriados pela Revista foram funcionais ao clima de proscrição pero- nista. Aconselhamento dietético e de economia doméstica visando a substituição do consumo de carne por outras fontes de proteína, como leguminosas e laticínios; e carboidratos simples para os complexos, como vegetais. No entanto, seus vínculos com a promoção de agroeconomias de subsistência refutaram a prevalência da "fome oculta" como problema alimentar na Argentina. Pois bem, em sintonia com os parâmetros internacionais, isso promoveria uma dinâmica de redistribuição de alimentos, capaz de repor as vagas no mercado interno e estimular as exportações líquidas ao evitar a erosão dos saldos exportáveis

Avaliação qualitativa das preparações servidas em um restaurante popular e os impactos do cenário pandêmico da covid-19 / Qualitative assessment of preparations served in a popular restaurant and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic scenario / Evaluación cualitativa de las preparaciones servidas en un restaurante popular y los impactos del escenario de pandemia COVID-19

Introdução:A chegadadapandemia da COVID-19 afetou diretamente o planejamento alimentar de instituições municipais, estaduais e de demais âmbitos, dentre eles as refeiçõesofertadas peloprograma restaurante popular, importante na garantia da segurança alimentarda população mais vulnerável.Objetivo:Avaliar de forma qualitativa as preparações do cardápio do almoço do Restaurante Popular do município de Santa Cruz-Rio Grande do Nortee os impactos do cenário pandêmico da COVID-19.Metodologia:Para tanto, avaliou-se os cardápios referentes aos meses de março, abril, maio, agosto e setembro de 2021, pelo método avaliação qualitativa das preparações do cardápio. Além disso, por meio da adaptação dométodosupracitado, designou-se as preparações de acordo com as recomendações do tipo de processamento segundo o Guia Alimentar para população Brasileira. Resultados:Identificou-se uma baixa oferta de frutas e folhosos, alta de carnes gordurosas e doce, regular de preparações ricas em enxofre e as cores iguais, todavia, quanto à fritura e ao conjunto de fritura + doce apresentou-se em apenas umdiada semana (n=109). Além disso, nos dois últimos meses de análisehouve aumento na oferta de folhosos, diminuição da monotonia, alimentos ricos em enxofre e doces, e ainda, as preparações com alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados + processados fizeram-se presentestodos os dias. Conclusões:Com a utilizaçãodométodo estudadofoipossível identificar ajustesno cardápiopara o período analisado, a fim de ofertar qualidade para os comensais.Ressalta-se que foi observadoque com a adaptação e redução dos casos da COVID-19, houve aumento na oferta de in natura e minimamente processados. Espera-se que melhorias e ajustes sejam realizadosnos cardápios, visto a necessidadede ser mais enfático em seu princípiode garantir a segurança alimentar (AU).

Introduction:The arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic affected directly the food planning of municipal, state and other institutions, including the meals offered by the popular restaurant program, which is important in guaranteeing the food security of the vulnerablepopulation. Objective: To qualitatively evaluate the preparations of the lunch menu at Restaurante Popular in the municipality of Santa Cruz-Rio Grande do Norteand the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic scenario.Methodology:To this, the menus for the months of March, April, May, August and September 2021 were evaluated by the methodqualitative evaluation of menu preparations. Furthermore, through the adaptation of the methodaformentioned, preparations were designated according to the recommendations for type of processing following the Food Guide for the Brazilian population.Results:A low supply of fruits and leafy vegetables was identified, high supply of fatty and sweet meats, regular supply of preparations rich in sulfur and the same colors. However, regarding the frying and the frying + sweet combination, it was presented in just one daythe week(n=109).Moreover, in the last two months of analysis there was an increase in the supply of hardwoods, decrease in monotony,foods rich in sulfur and sweets, and even, preparations in natura or minimally processed + processed foods were presentsevery day. Conclusions:With the use of the method studied it waspossible to adjust the menufor the analyzed periodto offer qualityto diners. It should the increase in the supply of in natura and minimally processed foods stands out with the adaptation and progression of the reduction of COVID-19cases.It is expected that improvements and adjustments will be madethe menus,given the need to be more emphatic in its principleof ensuring food safety (AU).

ntroducción: La llegada de la pandemia del COVID-19 afectó directamente la planificación alimentaria de las instituciones municipales, estatales y otras, incluyendo las comidas que ofrece el programa de restaurantes populares, importante para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria de la población más vulnerable. Objetivo:Evaluar cualitativamente las preparaciones del menú del almuerzo en el Restaurante Popular del municipio de Santa Cruz-Rio Grande do Nortey los impactos del escenario de pandemia del COVID-19.Metodología:Para ello, se evaluaron los menús de los meses de marzo, abril, mayo, agosto y septiembre de 2021 por el método evaluación cualitativa de la elaboración de menús. Además, al adaptar el métodocitado, las preparaciones fueron designadas de acuerdo con las recomendaciones del tipo de procesamiento según la Guía de Alimentos para la población brasileña.Resultados: Se identificó una baja oferta de frutas y hortalizas de hoja, alta oferta de carnes grasas y dulces, regular oferta de preparaciones ricasen azufre y los mismos colores,aún,en cuanto a la fritura y la combinación fritura + dulce, se presentó en un solo díade lasemana(n=109). Además, en los últimos dos meses de análisishubo un aumento en la oferta de maderas duras, una disminución de la monotonía, alimentos ricos en azufre y dulces, y aun, las preparaciones con alimentos in natura o mínimamente procesados + procesados presentes todos los días. Conclusiones: Con el uso del método estudió fueposible identificar ajustes en el menúpara el período analizado, con el fin de ofrecer calidad a los comensales. Cabe señalar que se observó que con la adaptación y reducción delcasosCOVID-19, hubo un aumento en la oferta de productos in natura y mínimamente procesados. Se espera que se realicenmejoras y ajustesa los menús, dada las necesidades más enfáticasen su principiode garantizar la seguridad alimentaria (AU).

Educação alimentar e nutricional em casa: a experiência do ensino remoto na escola pública em município paraibano / Food and nutrition education at home: the experience of carrying out activities in the remote teaching in public school in paraiban municipality / Educación alimentaria y nutricional en casa: la experiencia de realizar actividades en el modelo a distancia en la escuela pública del municipio paraibán

Introdução:Às medidas de segurança da COVID-19 direcionaram a adoção do modelo remoto de ensino, inclusive para ações de extensão universitária realizadas no ambiente escolar. A extensão contribui para a promoção da saúde ao abordar temas como a Educação Alimentar eNutricional. Objetivo:O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a experiência da extensão universitária e a adaptação de ações de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional ao modelo remoto, com escolares de ensino fundamental do interior da Paraíba em 2020. Metodologia:O projeto "#Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação: Educação Alimentar e Nutricional em Casa" foi realizado com escolares do ensino infantil ao 5º ano de uma escola pública de Cuité, Paraíba. Utilizou-se o whatsapp como ferramenta para as atividadesbaseadas no incentivo a brincadeiras com movimentação física, o desenvolvimento cognitivo, os vínculos intergeracionais e a alimentação de baixo custo. Foram desenvolvidas 12 ações, adaptadas à idade escolar e de fácil execução no domicílio, através de vídeos explicativos, plataforma de jogos e atividades impressas. Resultados:Observou-se os desafios: desigualdade no acesso à internet, fragilidade na manutenção do vínculo entre a equipe universitária com a comunidade escolar, sobrecarga dos professores e diversos contextos no ambiente familiar como, por exemplo, a vulnerabilidade social e violência doméstica. Conclusão:Contudo, é possível a realização da extensão universitária no modelo remoto a partir da diversificação de estratégias e ferramentas digitais, apesar dos desafios enfrentados para manter o vínculo entre equipe universitária-comunidade escolar (AU).

Introduction:Security measures against COVID-19 led to the adoption of a remote teaching model, including university extension actions carried out in the school environment. The extension contributes to health promotion by addressing topics such as Food and Nutrition Education. Objective:This study aims to report the experience of a university extension and the adaptation of Food and Nutrition Education actions to the remote model applied to elementary school students from the interior of Paraíba in 2020. Methodology:The "#Information and Communication Technologies: Food and Nutrition Education at Home" project was carried out among elementary school students in the fifth grade of a public school in Cuité, Paraíba. Whatsapp was used as a tool for activities that involved encouraging play with physical movement, cognitive development, intergenerational bonds, and low-cost food. Twelve actions were developed and were adapted for school-age students. They were made easy to perform at home through explanatory videos, game platforms, and printed activities.Results:Challenges were observed in terms of unequal internet access, weakness in maintaining the connection betweenthe university team and the school community, overload of teachers, and different contexts in the family environment such as social vulnerability and domestic violence. Conclusions:Despite the challenges faced in maintaining the connection in the university­school community team, it is possible to carry out university extensions in the remote model based on the diversification of digital strategies and tools (AU).

ntroducción:Las medidas de seguridad del COVID-19 orientaron la adopción del modelo de enseñanza a distancia, incluso para acciones de extensión universitaria realizadas en el ámbito escolar. La extensión contribuye a la promoción de la salud al abordar temas como laEducación Alimentaria y Nutricional. Objetivo:El objetivo de este trabajo es relatar la experiencia de extensión universitaria y la adaptación de las acciones de la Educación Alimentaria y Nutricional al modelo a distancia, con estudiantes de enseñanza básica del interior de Paraíba en 2020.Metodología:El proyecto "#Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación: Educación Alimentaria y Nutricional en Casa" fue realizado con alumnos de jardín de infantes a 5o grado de una escuela pública de Cuité, Paraíba. Se utilizó WhatsApp como herramienta para realizar actividades basadas en fomentar el juego con el movimiento físico, el desarrollo cognitivo, los vínculos intergeneracionales y la comida a bajo costo. Se desarrollaron 12 acciones, adaptadas a la edadescolar y fáciles de realizar en casa, através de videos explicativos, una plataforma de juegos y actividades impresas. Resultados:Se observaron desafíos: desigualdad en el acceso a internet, fragilidad en el mantenimiento del vínculo entre el equipo universitario y la comunidad escolar, sobrecarga de docentes y diversos contextos en el entorno familiar, como vulnerabilidad social y violencia intrafamiliar. Conclusiones:Sin embargo, es posible realizar la extensión universitaria en el modelo a distancia a partir de la diversificación de estrategias y herramientas digitales, a pesar de los desafíos que se enfrentan para mantener el vínculo entre el equipo universitario y la comunidad escolar (AU).

Oficina culinária como estratégia didático-pedagógica interdisciplinar na formação do nutricionista / Culinary workshop as an interdisciplinary didactic-pedagogic strategy in the training of nutritionists

Os objetivos deste estudo foram relatar a experiência da utilização de oficinas culinárias como estratégia didático-pedagógica na disciplina de educação nutricional, e analisar as percepções dos estudantes quanto à interdisciplinaridade e aplicabilidade na atuação profissional, pela análise de conteúdo temática. Este é um relato de experiência da utilização de oficinas culinárias durante a disciplina de Educação Nutricional no curso de nutrição de uma universidade pública. Foram quantificados os tipos de receitas selecionadas e seus respectivos princípios dietéticos e/ou dietoterápicos. Identificamos que 80% das receitas selecionadas priorizavam o conteúdo de nutrientes dos ingredientes como princípio dietético/dietoterápico e somente 20% consideraram aspectos sensoriais e culturais. Na análise qualitativa, foram identificados três eixos temáticos: (1) O olhar do estudante sobre a oficina culinária; (2) O aprendizado da oficina culinária para sua prática profissional; (3) A racionalização da alimentação. A oficina foi considerada uma experiência inovadora e enriquecedora para a formação acadêmica, principalmente pela interdisciplinaridade. Conclui-se que o uso de oficinas culinárias como estratégia didático-pedagógica interdisciplinar nos cursos de Nutrição pode trazer benefícios na formação dos futuros nutricionistas (AU)

The objectives of this study were to report the experience of using culinary workshops as a didactic-pedagogical strategy in the nutrition education discipline, and analyze the students' perceptions regarding interdisciplinarity and applicability in their professional practices through thematic-content analysis. This is an experience report on the use of culinary workshops during the nutritional education discipline in the nutrition course of a public university. The types of recipes selected and their respective dietetic/diet therapy principles were quantified. We found that 80% of the selected recipes were based on the nutritional composition of foods and only 20% considered sensory and cultural aspects. In the qualitative analysis, 3 thematic axes were identified: (1) The student's perception of the culinary workshop; (2) The learning in the culinary workshop for their professional practice; (3) The rationalization of food. The workshop was considered an innovative and enriching experience for academic training, mainly due to its interdisciplinarity. It is concluded that the use of culinary workshops as an interdisciplinary didactic-pedagogical strategy in Nutrition courses can bring benefits to the training of future nutritionists (AU).

Programa Nacional de Suplementação de Vitamina A na atenção primária: qual a realidade em Minas Gerais, Brasil? / National Vitamin A Supplementation Program in primary care: what is the reality in Minas Gerais, Brazil?

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar o Programa Nacional de Suplementação de Vitamina A em Minas Gerais. Utilizou-se método misto sequencial explanatório. Na abordagem quantitativa, utilizou-se instrumento multidimensional segundo componentes de suplementação da vitamina A e educação alimentar e nutricional. Usou-se uma matriz de análise com parâmetros para definir a implantação como adequada, parcialmente adequada, não adequada e crítica. Na abordagem qualitativa, foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas. A dimensão processo foi melhor avaliada que a estrutura, apresentando grau de implantação de 84,6% e 78,5%, respectivamente. As fortalezas do programa incluem: planejamento da suplementação, alcance de metas, registro de informações, apoio ao aleitamento materno e atuação dos agentes comunitários de saúde. Entre as fragilidades estão: fragmentação do trabalho, limites na análise das informações, acesso às ações do programa, implantação de ações educativas, ausência ou insuficiência de nutricionistas e capacitações. A realidade do programa não contemplou, em sua totalidade, ações de promoção da saúde, sendo o foco a suplementação da vitamina A. É imperativo implementar ações de educação alimentar e nutricional para o enfrentamento da deficiência de vitamina A.

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the National Vitamin A Supplementation Program in Minas Gerais, adopting the mixed sequential explanatory method. The quantitative approach adopted the multidimensional instrument per the components of vitamin A supplementation and food and nutrition education. We employed an analysis matrix with parameters to define the implementation as adequate, partially adequate, inadequate, and critical. We used semi-structured interviews in the qualitative approach. The "process" dimension was better evaluated than the "structure", with an implementation level (IL) of 84.6% and 78.5%, respectively. The Program's strengths include supplementation planning, achieving goals, recording information, supporting breastfeeding, and the performance of Community Health Workers. Weaknesses are fragmented work, analysis of information limits, access to the Program's actions, implementation of educational actions, and lack of or insufficient availability of nutritionists and training. The Program's reality only partially considered health promotion actions and focused on vitamin A supplementation. Implementing food and nutritional education actions is imperative to face vitamin A deficiency.

Amamentação como um direito humano: construção de material educativo pela voz das mulheres / El amamantamiento como un derecho humano: construcción de material educativo a partir de la voz de las mujeres / Breastfeeding as a human right: construction of educational material by the voice of women

A amamentação é reconhecida como prática determinante na promoção da saúde da mulher e da criança. Protegê-la é atuar em favor da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever o processo de criação de material educativo para promoção da amamentação no ambiente hospitalar. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, mediante a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 13 mulheres atendidas em hospital maternidade da rede pública do município do Rio de Janeiro, seguido do desenvolvimento e da avaliação do material educativo. Este estudo foi elaborado com base em princípios da educação alimentar e nutricional por meio de narrativas das mulheres e compreensão da amamentação como direito humano. Concluiu-se que a participação de pessoas que amamentam na elaboração do material oportunizou o protagonismo e a representação de vivências concretas sobre essa prática.(AU)

Resumen El amamantamiento se reconoce como práctica determinante en la promoción de la salud de la mujer y del niño. Protegerla es actuar en favor de la Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el proceso de creación de material educativo para promoción de la lactancia en el ambiente hospitalario. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, con realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas, con 13 mujeres atendidas en un hospital maternidad de la red pública del municipio de Río de Janeiro, seguidas del desarrollo y evaluación del material educativo. El material se elaboró con base en principios de la educación alimentaria y nutricional, en las narrativas de las mujeres y en la comprensión de la lactancia como derecho humano. Se concluyó que la participación de personas que amamantan en la elaboración del material dio oportunidad al protagonismo y a la representación de vivencias concretas sobre esta práctica.(AU)

Abstract Breastfeeding is recognized as a determining practice in the promotion of women's and children's health. To protect it is to act in guaranteeing Food and Nutrition Security. The aim of this study is to describe the process of creating educational material to promote breastfeeding in the hospital environment. This is a qualitative study, involving semi-structured interviews with 13 women assisted in a public maternity hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, followed by the development and evaluation of the resource. The material was created based on principles of food and nutrition education, on the women's narratives and on the comprehension of breastfeeding as a human right. It was concluded that the participation of those who breastfeed in the preparation of the material provided the opportunity for protagonism and the representation of concrete experiences about this practice.(AU)

Promoting adequate and healthy food in early childhood education: a systematic review / Promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável na educação infantil: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Objectives: to identify and describe the characteristics of studies that address the promotion of adequate and healthy food in early childhood education units and their repercussions on the school community. Methods: the search and selection were performed according to the PRISMA recommendations in the Medline databases via OVID, EMBASE and LILACS. Data extraction took placeusing a table developed by the authors. The evaluation of the quality of the evidence of the studies was carried out through the risk of bias using an adapted scale. Result: twelve articles that met the eligibility criteria were selected. All studies were applied in public or private educational institutions with a median of 236 participants. In the analysis of food and nutrition education activities, the most adopted with preschoolers were playful; with the parents it was the meetings and counseling; and with the professionals it was the training. The methodological qualification of the studies was considered low, which may be related to their limitations included in this review, mainly due to the types of designs adopted, the time and lack of continuity of interventions and sample size. Conclusion: food and nutrition education activities seem to be a promising strategy in knowledge, adoption of healthy eating practices and transmission of values in the school community.

Resumo Objetivos: identificar e descrever as características de estudos que abordam a promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável em unidades de educação infantil e suas repercussões na comunidade escolar. Métodos: a busca e seleção foram realizadas segundo as recomendações do PRISMA nas bases de dados Medline via OVID, EMBASE e LILACS. A extração de dados ocorreu utilizando uma tabela elaborada pelas autoras. A avaliação da qualidade das evidências dos estudos foi realizada por meio do risco de viés utilizando uma escala adaptada. Resultados: foram selecionados 12 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. Todos os estudos foram aplicados em instituições de ensino públicas ou privadas com uma mediana de 236 participantes. Na análise das atividades de educação alimentar e nutricional, as mais adotadas com os pré-escolares foram as lúdicas; com os pais foram as reuniões e aconselhamentos; e com os profissionais foram as capacitações. A qualificação metodológica dos estudos foi considerada baixa, podendo estar relacionada às limitações dos próprios estudos incluídos nesta revisão, principalmente pelos tipos de desenhos adotados, o tempo e a falta de continuidade das intervenções e tamanho amostrai. Conclusão: atividades de educação alimentar e nutricional parecem ser uma estratégia promissora na disseminação do conhecimento, adoção de práticas alimentares saudáveis e transmissão de valores na comunidade escolar.