Tipologías de padres y madres según sus prácticas parentales de alimentación: un análisis de perfiles latentes en familias con doble ingreso e hijos adolescentes / Typologies of fathers and mothers according to their parental feeding practices: a latent profi le analysis in dual-income families with adolescent children

Introducción: esta investigación buscó identificar perfiles de padres y madres según sus prácticas parentales de alimentación (PPA) (monitoreo, restricción, modelo y control infantil) y determinar si los perfiles difieren según su satisfacción con la alimentación (SWFoL), interfaz trabajo-familia, calidad de la dieta de padres y madres e hijos/as adolescentes, tipo de trabajo y características sociodemográficas (nivel socioeconómico, género y edad). Método: la muestra fue de 430 familias biparentales con doble ingreso e hijos/as adolescentes de Santiago, Chile. Se utilizaron el Cuestionario Comprensivo de Prácticas Parentales de Alimentación, la Escala de Satisfacción con la Alimentación (SWFoL), el Índice de Alimentación Saludable Adaptado (IAS) y la Escala de Interfaz trabajo-familia (conflicto trabajo y familia y enriquecimiento trabajo y familia). Resultados: el análisis de perfiles latentes mostró cinco perfiles de padres y madres: a) madres y padres con alto control y restricción (32,1 %); b) madres y padres con alto control y muy bajo monitoreo, restricción y modelo (29,5 %); c) madres con alto monitoreo y padres con bajo control y restricción (18,8 %); d) madres y padres con alto monitoreo (14,9 %); y e) madres y padres con alta restricción y modelo (4,7 %). Conclusión: los perfiles difirieron en los puntajes de SWFoL de padres y madres, conflicto familia-trabajo del padre, enriquecimiento trabajo y familia del padre, calidad de la dieta de los tres miembros de la familia y en el índice de masa corporal de las madres. Los resultados sugieren que los padres y las madres utilizan diferentes combinaciones de PPA según las características de sus familias y lugares de trabajo.(AU)

Background: this research was designed to identifying profiles of parents according to their food parenting practices (FPFP) (monitoring, restriction, modeling and child control) and to determine whether the profiles differed according to their satisfaction with food-related life (SWFoL),work-family interface, diet quality of parents and adolescent type of work and sociodemographic characteristics (socioeconomic level, genderand age). Methods: the sample consisted of 430 two-parent dual-income families with adolescent in Santiago, Chile. The Comprehensive questionnaire of Parental Eating Practices, Satisfaction with Food-related Life scale (SWFoL), Adapted Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and Work-Family Interface Scale (work-family conflict and work-family enrichment) were used. Results: latent profile analysis showed five profiles of fathers and mothers: a) mothers and fathers with high control and restraint (32.1 %); b) mothers and fathers with high control and very low monitoring, restriction and modeling (29.5 %); c) mothers with high monitoring and fathers with low control and restriction (18.8 %); d) mothers and fathers with high monitoring (14.9 %); and e) mothers and fathers with high restraint and modeling (4.7 %). Conclusions: the profiles differed in fathers’ and mothers’ SWFoL scores, fathers’ work-family conflict, fathers’ work-family enrichment, diet quality of all three family members, and mothers’ body mass index. The results suggest that fathers and mothers use different combinations of FPP according to the characteristics of their families and workplaces.(AU)

Food purchasing and preparation patterns by gender during the COVID-19 lockdown in Chilean workers / Patrones de compra y preparación de alimentos según género durante la cuarentena por COVID-19 en trabajadores chilenos

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the demands that workers face regarding household food-related tasks, such as grocery shopping and cooking. The literature shows that there are differences in these demands by gender, but also based on other sociodemographic characteristics, such as schooling level. The aim of this study was to compare food purchasing and preparation patterns by gender in Chilean workers, before the COVID-19 lockdown and during the first six weeks of lockdown. The study was cross-sectional, and data was collected for the first wave of a multi-country study in April 2020. The sample was composed of 317 participants who were employed during lockdown (67.8% women, mean age of 38.14). Participants answered sociodemographic questions and reported their food purchasing and preparing practices before and during lockdown. Analysis of comparison of proportions was used. On average, during lockdown, men increased their involvement in grocery shopping while women cooked more. Overall, female workers have turned to food-related tasks more often during the pandemic than male workers. This study shows the extent to which workers have changed their degree of involvement in food-related tasks, accounting for conditions such as gender roles, schooling level and working from home. These findings can inform interventions and policies that reinforce advantageous changes brought on by lockdown measures (e.g., home-cooking) to contribute to workers' and their families' food-related well-being during and in the aftermath of the pandemic.

Resumen La pandemia por COVID-19 ha aumentado las demandas que enfrentan los trabajadores con respecto a su alimentación, como comprar alimentos y cocinar. Estudios muestran diferencias de género en estas demandas, pero también según características sociodemográficas como el nivel de escolaridad. Este estudio comparó patrones de compra y preparación de alimentos por género en trabajadores chilenos, antes y durante el confinamiento por COVID-19. Este estudio es de corte transversal y utilizó datos de la primera ola de un estudio multinacional realizado en abril de 2020. La muestra fue 317 participantes que tenían trabajo durante el confinamiento (67.8 % mujeres, edad promedio de 38.14). Los participantes respondieron preguntas sociodemográficas y reportaron sus prácticas de compra y preparación de alimentos antes y durante el confinamiento. Se utilizó el análisis de comparación de proporciones. Durante el confinamiento, los hombres realizaron más compras de alimentos y las mujeres cocinaron más. Las mujeres se dedicaron a tareas relacionadas con la alimentación con más frecuencia durante la pandemia que los hombres. Este estudio muestra que personas trabajadoras han cambiado su nivel de involucramiento en tareas de alimentación durante la pandemia, tomando en cuenta condiciones como los roles de género, escolaridad y teletrabajo. Estos hallazgos pueden guiar intervenciones y políticas que refuercen ventajas derivadas de las medidas de confinamiento (e.g., cocinar en casa), para contribuir al bienestar alimentario de personas trabajadoras y sus familias durante y después de la pandemia.

Profiles of older adults according to their life and food-related life satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic: the importance of the social environment.

Introduction: Older adults are a highly heterogeneous population, as individuals of the same age can show considerable variations in personal characteristics and living conditions. Risk and protective factors for older adults' subjective wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic can be explored by examining how life satisfaction, food-related life satisfaction, and associated variables coexist among these individuals. On this basis, this study aimed to identify older adult profiles based on their levels of life and food-related life satisfaction; to characterize these profiles by diet quality, social support, financial wellbeing, and sociodemographic characteristics; and to identify variables associated with higher life and food-related life satisfaction. Methods: The sample included 1,371 institutionalized and non-institutionalized individuals over the age of 60, from four cities in Chile. Participants answered a survey, either online or face to face, with questions about life and food-related life satisfaction, perceived social support from family, friends, and others, food quality, financial wellbeing/distress, sociodemographic characteristics, and prior COVID-19 infection. Results: Using a latent profile analysis, we identified three profiles of older adults: Profile 1: Unsatisfied with their life, somewhat satisfied with their food-related life (5.40%); Profile 2: Somewhat satisfied with their life, satisfied with their food-related life (65.06%); Profile 3: Extremely satisfied with their life and food-related life (29.54%). Profiles differed by residence (institutionalized vs. independent), age, marital status, social support, financial wellbeing, COVID-19 infection, and city of residence. Discussion: The patterns of association between life and food-related satisfaction and related variables indicate conditions of vulnerability and protection related to living conditions, the social dimensions of food consumption, and social support. These results underscore the need for identifying groups of older adults based on diverse characteristics and conditions outside of chronological age.

Contributions of Work-to-Family Enrichment to Parental Food Monitoring and Satisfaction with Food-Related Life during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Dual-Earner Parents and Their Adolescent Children.

Evidence shows that numerous family-related variables influence parents' use of different food parenting practices (FPP), but less is known about the influence of parents' work-related variables on their use of FPP, and their own and their children's outcomes in the food domain. To fill this gap, the present study explored intra-individual and inter-individual effects between work-to-family enrichment (WtoFE), parents' monitoring practices, the adolescent's perception of their parents' monitoring practices, and the three family members' satisfaction with food-related life (SWFoL), in different-sex dual-earner parents with adolescent children. The mediating role of monitoring between WtoFE and SWFoL was also tested. A sample of 430 different-sex dual-earner parents and one of their adolescent children (average age 13.0 years, 53.7% female) were recruited in Rancagua, Chile, during March and June 2020. The three family members answered the monitoring dimension of the Compressive Feeding Practices Questionnaire and the Satisfaction with Food-Related Life Scale. Parents answered a measure of WtoFE based on the Work−Home Interaction Survey. Analyses were conducted using the Actor−Partner Interdependence Model and structural equation modelling. Results showed a positive association between WtoFE and SWFoL, directly (p < 0.001) and through monitoring in fathers (95% confidence interval [0.010, 0.097], actor effect). The father's (p = 0.042) and mother's (p = 0.006) WtoFE was positively associated with their adolescent's SWFoL (partner effects). The father's (p = 0.002) and mother's (p = 0.036) WtoFE were positively associated with their own monitoring (actor effect), while only the father's WtoFE (p = 0.014) was positively associated with the adolescent's perception of their parents' monitoring (partner effect). The father's (p = 0.018) and mother's (p = 0.003) monitoring, as well as the adolescents' perception of their parents' monitoring (p = 0.033), were positively associated with their own SWFoL (actor effects), while the mother's monitoring (p = 0.043) was also associated with the father's SWFoL (partner effects). Findings suggest that both parents' WtoFE improved their monitoring practices, which, in turn, improved their own SWFoL and their adolescent child's SWFoL. Policymakers and organizations must aim to promote the WtoFE of working parents.

Associations among social engagement, meal-related behaviour, satisfaction with food-related life and wellbeing in Danish older adults living alone.

The present study aimed at exploring associations among meal-related behaviour, social engagement factors, satisfaction with food-related life (SWFL) to assess food-related wellbeing and subjective wellbeing in Danish older adults living alone. Three hundred and eighty-eight older adults aged 65-75 years from six Danish municipalities completed an online or article-based survey addressing home cooking, commensality, loneliness, SWFL and subjective wellbeing. Home cooking frequency and self-perceived cooking skills were positively associated with SWFL but not with subjective wellbeing. Commensality was positively associated with SWFL but was not associated with subjective wellbeing. The level of loneliness was negatively associated with SWFL and with subjective wellbeing. Satisfaction with food-related life and subjective health status were positively associated with subjective wellbeing. Male and female respondents did not differ in meal-related behaviour, social engagement factors, SWFL and wellbeing. While the cross-sectional nature of this study does not allow for the direction of causality to be determined, these results suggest that older adults living alone could benefit from a higher frequency of home-cooked meals, a higher level of self-perceived cooking skills and commensality to support SWFL. A higher level of SWFL could, in turn, lead to a higher level of wellbeing.

Parents' Modeling During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Influences on Family Members' Diet Quality and Satisfaction With-Food-Related Life in Dual-Earner Parents With Adolescent Children.

Reciprocal family influences in the food domain have been little explored, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. To fill in this gap, this study explored actor and partner effects between parents' food modeling and parents' and their adolescent children's diet quality and satisfaction with food-related life (SWFoL); and the mediating role of diet quality between modeling and SWFoL. This study used a cross-sectional design. A sample of 430 different-sex dual-earner parents and one adolescent child were recruited in Rancagua, Chile, between March and June 2020. Parents answered the modeling dimension of the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire. Parents and adolescents answered the Adapted Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and the SWFoL Scale. Analyses were conducted using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model and structural equation modeling. Results showed that one parent's modeling enhanced diet quality for themselves, their partner, and the adolescents. Parents' modeling was associated with their own SWFoL, directly and via their own diet quality. There were positive associations between mothers' modeling and adolescents' SWFoL; between mothers' diet quality and fathers' SWFoL; and between mothers' modeling and fathers' SWFoL via the fathers' diet quality. Parents' modeling can improve the three family members' diet quality, while mothers' modeling and diet quality showed to improve fathers' and adolescents' SWFoL.

Relationships between retrospective parental feeding practices and Chinese university students' current appetitive traits, weight status, and satisfaction with food-related life.

Accumulating evidence suggests that parental feeding practices during childhood are related to adults' eating behaviors and weight status, but research exploring these relationships is largely conducted in Western contexts. However, China, a country that holds the largest world population, has distinct patterns of eating habits and food culture from Western countries. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine relationships between retrospective parental feeding practices (e.g., concern, monitoring, pressure to eat, and restriction) and current body mass index (BMI) and satisfaction with food-related life in a sample of 476 Chinese university students (195 men; Mage = 19.78 years, SD = 1.23). We also examined whether appetitive traits mediated these associations. Retrospective parental feeding practices were significantly related with participants' current BMI (concern: r = 0.26, p < .001; pressure to eat: r = -0.15, p < .001) and satisfaction with food-related life (concern: r = 0.15, p < .001; monitoring: r = 0.12, p = .009; pressure to eat: r = 0.13, p = .006; restriction: r = 0.16, p < .001). Relationships were partially mediated by young adults' current appetitive traits (e.g., enjoyment of food, emotional overeating, satiety responsiveness, slowness in eating). These findings suggest that retrospective parental feeding practices are important correlates of young adults' current weight status and satisfaction with food-related life, and that appetitive traits partially explain these relationships in the Chinese context.

Typologies of dual-earner households with adolescent children according to their satisfaction with food-related life / Tipologías de hogares con dos ingresos e hijos adolescentes según su satisfacción con la alimentación

Abstract Introduction/aim: The aim of this study was to identify family profiles based on the level of satisfaction with food-related life of three family members (mother, father and one adolescent), and to assess if these profiles differ according to the perceived family functioning of all three family members, the work-life balance and mental health of the parents, and the sociodemographic characteristics. Method: The sample was composed of 269 dual-earner parents with one child between 10 and 17 years of age in Temuco, Chile. Results: A cluster analysis was used to distinguish three family profiles: "mothers moderately satisfied with their food-related life, and fathers and adolescents satisfied" (Group 1, 32.7%), "families extremely satisfied with their food-related life" (Group 2, 55.0%) and "mothers and fathers satisfied with their food-related life, and adolescents moderately satisfied" (Group 3, 12.3%). Groups differed in the way that the three family members' perceived family functioning, both parents' work-life balance and perception of the financial situation of the household, as well as in the mother's depression, anxiety, and stress levels. Conclusions The results of this study can guide research on the links between food-related life and other life domains, and it may provide guidelines for campaigns and interventions to promote healthy eating habits and practices in different age groups.

Resumen Introducción/objetivo El objetivo de este artículo fue identificar perfiles de familias basados en el nivel de satisfacción con la alimentación de tres miembros de la familia (madre, padre y un adolescente) y evaluar si estos perfiles difieren según la percepción de los tres miembros de la familia del funcionamiento familiar, el balance trabajo-vida y la salud mental de los padres, y características sociodemográficas. Método: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 303 familias con doble ingreso con un hijo entre 10 y 17 años en Temuco, Chile. Resultados: Se usó análisis de conglomerados para distinguir tres perfiles familiares: "madres moderadamente satisfechas con su alimentación, padres y adolescentes satisfechos" (Grupo 1; 32.7%), "familias extremadamente satisfechas con su alimentación" (Grupo 2; 55.0%) y "madres y padres satisfechos con su alimentación y adolescentes moderadamente satisfechos" (Grupo 3; 12.3%). Los grupos difirieron en la percepción de los tres miembros de la familia del funcionamiento familiar, el balance trabajo-vida y la percepción de la situación financiera del hogar de ambos padres, así como en los niveles de depresión, ansiedad y estrés de la madre. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio pueden guiar la investigación sobre los nexos entre la alimentación y otros dominios de la vida, así como ayudar a focalizar campañas e intervenciones que promuevan prácticas y hábitos alimentarios saludables en distintos grupos de edad.

Eating behaviours as predictors of satisfaction with food related life.

Objective: To identify how different eating behaviours are correlated, and to analyse which behaviour is a true predictor of food satisfaction while comparing the pattern in gender behaviours. METHODS: The correlational study was conducted at the Department of Humanities, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan, from January to May, 2019, and comprised adult individuals of both genders from different universities and food outlets located in Islamabad. Data was collected using the adult eating behaviour questionnaire and satisfaction with food-related life scale. Data was analysed using SPSS version 25. RESULTS: Of the 430 subjects, 183(42.5%) males and 247(57.4%) were females. All subscales of the adult eating behaviour questionnaire were correlated positively with the satisfaction with food-related life scale scale except for satiety responsiveness which showed negative correlation (r=-0.07). Enjoyment of food, food responsiveness and hunger subscales acted as true predictors of satisfaction with food-related life with correlation values of 0.37, 0.38 and 0.33 respectively. Significant difference was found across gender only on satiety responsiveness (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Increase in enjoyment of food, food responsiveness and hunger were found to increase satisfaction with food-related life.

Relationships Between Work-to-Family Conflict and the Food Domain for Dual-Earner Parents With Adolescent Children.

The impact of work-to-family conflict (WtoFC) can extend beyond family and work, and to other domains that contribute to well-being, such as the food domain. This study examined associations between WtoFC, perception of atmosphere of family meals (AFM), and satisfaction with food-related life (SWFoL) in dual-earner parents with adolescent children, and tested the mediating role of AFM between WtoFC and SWFoL. Questionnaires were administered to 473 different-sex dual-earner parents and one of their adolescent children (mean age 12.5 years, 51.4% male) in Temuco, Chile. Parents responded to a measure of work-to-family conflict; the three family members answered the Project-EAT Atmosphere of family meals scale, and the Satisfaction with Food-related Life Scale. Analyses were conducted using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model and structural equation modeling. Results showed a negative association from WtoFC to SWFoL in both parents, while a more positive perception of atmosphere of family meals was linked to higher SWFoL in the three family members. Moreover, WtoFC was negatively linked to SWFoL in parents, while only mothers' WtoFC had a negative association with their adolescent children's SWFoL. Policymakers and organizations can contribute to workers' and their families' food-related well-being by fostering policies and measures to reduce WtoFC.

The Impact of Consumer Competence in Purchasing Foods on Satisfaction with Food-Related Consumer Policies and Satisfaction with Food-Related Life through Perceptions of Food Safety.

Based on the knowledge-deficit model, this study proposes a relationship between consumer competence in purchasing foods and perceptions of the safety of imported and domestic foods. This study also examines how perceptions of the safety of imported and domestic foods affect satisfaction with food-related consumer policy and satisfaction with food-related life. Using data from the "2019 Consumer Behavior Survey for Food," which has been conducted every year since 2013 by the Korea Rural Economic Institute, we analyzed the responses of a final sample of 5869 respondents. The hypothesized conceptual model was assessed through structural equation modeling. All but one of the proposed relationships between consumer competence in purchasing foods and perceptions of food safety were supported. The relationship between perceptions of food safety and satisfaction with food-related consumer policies depends on whether foods are imported or domestic. Food origin also affected the relationship between perceptions of food safety and satisfaction with food-related life. Satisfaction with food-related consumer policies is significantly connected with satisfaction with food-related life. We discuss how the findings of this study can be applied to the development of food-related consumer policies.

Percepción de satisfacción entre beneficiarios del programa de alimentación escolar en Bucaramanga-Colombia / Perception of satisfaction among beneficiaries of the school food program of Bucaramanga-Colombia

Resumen Introducción: El Programa de Alimentación Escolar PAE en Colombia es uno de los más antiguos orientado a la protección de la población infantil para potenciar su desarrollo y disminuir la deserción escolar; sin embargo, no hay investigación suficiente que permita evidenciar avances y logros del programa. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia en la percepción de satisfacción de los beneficiarios del Programa de Alimentación Escolar - PAE en Bucaramanga, Colombia y sus factores asociados. Metodología: Se realizó en 2017 un estudio cuantitativo de corte transversal analítico. La población correspondió al universo de escolares beneficiarios del PAE en la ciudad (N= 31.230) y la muestra a 401 escolares la cual se dividió en dos grupos según edad: grupo 1 (de 5 a 8 años) y grupo 2 (de 9 a 17 años). Las encuestas para evaluar los componentes sensorial, organizacional y social, fueron sometidas a prueba piloto para validación aparente o facial y ajustadas según resultados. Una vez recogidos los datos se hizo análisis descriptivo a características de interés; para corroborar diferencias estadísticamente significativas se usó la prueba de chi2 y T de Student y se realizaron análisis bivariados y multivariados entre las características de interés y la percepción de satisfacción usando regresión lineal simple y múltiple. Resultados: Los estudiantes mostraron un nivel alto de percepción de satisfacción frente a las raciones recibidas, siendo los más satisfechos los de nivel socioeconómico bajo y medio bajo (Coef B 2,43; IC 95%: 1,61-3,25) y los que recibieron ración preparada en sitio (niños de 5 a 8 años), (Coef B 8,36; IC 95%: 7,08-9,64). Se encontró que el 25% de los estudiantes de nivel socioeconómico medio-medio y medio-alto botaba los alimentos a la basura. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos mostraron la necesidad prioritaria de ser más rigurosos en la focalización de los beneficiarios del programa, así como llevar a cabo otros ajustes planteados en el estudio, para incrementar la calidad del programa PAE de Bucaramanga.

Abstract Introduction: The PAE School Feeding Program in Colombia is one of the oldest oriented to the protection of the child population to enhance their development and decrease school dropouts; however, there is not enough research to show progress and achievements of the program. Objective: To determine the prevalence of perception of satisfaction of the beneficiaries of the School Feeding Program, in Bucaramanga, Colombia and its associated factors. Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in 2017 with an empirical non-experimental analytical approach. The population corresponded to the universe of PAE schoolchildren in the city (N = 31,230) and the sample to 401 students which was divided into two groups according to age: group 1 (from 5 to 8 years) and group 2 (from 9 to 17 years). The surveys to evaluate the sensory, organizational and social components were submitted to a pilot test for apparent or facial validation and adjusted according to results. Once the data was collected, a descriptive analysis was made to the characteristics of interest; To corroborate statistically significant differences, the chi2 and Student's T test were used and bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed between the characteristics of interest and the perception of satisfaction using simple and multiple linear regression. Results: The students showed a high level of satisfaction perception compared to the rations received, being the most satisfied those low and medium low socioeconomic status (Coef B 2.43; 95%CI: 1.61-3.25) and those who received ration prepared on site (children 5 to 8 years old), (Coef B 8.36; 95%CI: 7.08-9.64). Conclusions: These findings showed the priority need to be more rigorous in the targeting of the beneficiaries of the program, as well as carry out other adjustments proposed in the study, to increase the quality of the PAE program in Bucaramanga.

Perceived Resources and Satisfaction With Food-Related Life Among Ecuadorian Elderly.

OBJECTIVE: To identify variables that explain satisfaction with food-related life in Ecuadorian elderly people. DESIGN: Stratified random sampling with proportional affixation within each retirement home was conducted based on the rate of rurality, gender, age, and living circumstances. SETTING: Retirement homes in Guayaquil, Ecuador. PARTICIPANTS: The sample consisted of 817 elderly people of both genders (47.5% women; mean age 73.7 years; SD 7.45 years; range 60-101 years) registered in retirement homes located in Guayaquil, Ecuador. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Satisfaction With Life scale, satisfaction with food-related life (SWFL), and 22 food-related perceived resources. ANALYSIS: Generalized linear models. RESULTS: Gender, food consumption expenditure, satisfaction with economic situation, unhealthy days, family importance, food-related lifestyles, food neophobia, and the sum of 22 resources were found to be associated with SWFL. In addition, the Pearson bivariate correlation between the Satisfaction With Life scale and SWFL was .38 (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Perceived resources contributed to SWFL and the greatest satisfaction with life was observed among older adults who were more satisfied with their food.

Satisfaction with life and food-related life in Ecuadorian older adults.

OBJECTIVE: To distinguish typologies of seniors according to their levels of satisfaction with life and food-related life, and to characterize them according to the importance assigned to family, health-related aspects, eating habits, nutritional status and sociodemographic characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A survey was administered to a non-probabilistic sample of 817 seniors aged 60 years and over, of both genders, resident in urban and rural zones of the province of Guayas, Ecuador. The instrument included: Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Satisfaction with Food-related Life (SWFL), the Health-related Quality of Life Index (HRQOL-4) and the Family Importance Scale (FIS). Eating habits, sociodemographic variables, approximate weight and height were asked about. RESULTS: A cluster analysis was used to distinguish three typologies that differed significantly in the scores on the SWLS, SWFL, FIS, number of days with mental health problems, self-perception of health status, body mass index, eating habits and zone of residence. Two typologies presented high levels of satisfaction with life and food-related life, although the variables associated with overall well-being and in the food domain were different in each typology. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that high levels of satisfaction with life and food-related life in Ecuadorian seniors are associated with both healthful eating habits and having lunch in company, fewer mental health problems and greater importance assigned to family.

Longitudinal multigroup invariance analysis of the satisfaction with food-related life scale in university students.

This study examined longitudinal measurement invariance in the Satisfaction with Food-related Life (SWFL) scale using follow-up data from university students. We examined this measure of the SWFL in different groups of students, separated by various characteristics. Through non-probabilistic longitudinal sampling, 114 university students (65.8% female, mean age: 22.5) completed the SWFL questionnaire three times, over intervals of approximately one year. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine longitudinal measurement invariance. Two types of analysis were conducted: first, a longitudinal invariance by time, and second, a multigroup longitudinal invariance by sex, age, socio-economic status and place of residence during the study period. Results showed that the 3-item version of the SWFL exhibited strong longitudinal invariance (equal factor loadings and equal indicator intercepts). Longitudinal multigroup invariance analysis also showed that the 3-item version of the SWFL displays strong invariance by socio-economic status and place of residence during the study period over time. Nevertheless, it was only possible to demonstrate equivalence of the longitudinal factor structure among students of both sexes, and among those older and younger than 22 years. Generally, these findings suggest that the SWFL scale has satisfactory psychometric properties for longitudinal measurement invariance in university students with similar characteristics as the students that participated in this research. It is also possible to suggest that satisfaction with food-related life is associated with sex and age.

New Trends in the Chinese Diet: Cultural Influences on Consumer Behaviour.

China is one of the most dynamic regions in the world in terms of economic growth and development. Such development has inevitably influenced the structure and habits of Chinese society. Whilst the economic condition of the middle class and high-income segment has steadily improved, cultural changes are also under way: ancient Chinese traditions now include major elements from other cultures, most notably the West. The above scenario is the background to this paper. A structured research-administered survey was developed to investigate the changes in the Chinese consumer food culture: 500 urban participants were randomly selected from six reference cities, covering geographically almost the whole country. This study aims not only to analyze the propensity of consumers to include food products from other countries in their ancient Chinese culinary culture, but also represents an initial attempt to perform a market segmentation of Chinese consumers according to their degree of cultural openness towards non-Chinese food, taking into account socio-demographic, cognitive and psychographic variables.

Analyzing Food-Related Life Satisfaction and other Predictors of Life Satisfaction in Central Chile.

This study aimed to assess the effect of satisfaction with food-related life on life satisfaction among inhabitants of the main municipalities of central Chile. A survey was applied to a sample of 1,277 people, distributed proportionally by municipality. The questionnaire included the following scales: SWLS (Satisfaction with Life Scale), SWFL (Satisfaction with Food-related Life) and the Health-Related Quality of Life Index (HRQOL). Questions were asked regarding eating habits inside and outside the home, time available for meals at home, the assessment of five sources of happiness and the demographic characteristics of those surveyed. An ordered logit model was proposed, in which the dependent variable was satisfaction with life. Satisfaction with life was significantly related to the respondent's socioeconomic status, self-perception of health, degree of satisfaction with food-related life, monthly food expenditure, time available for supper with the family (p < .01); gender, self-reported number of days affected by mental health problems, frequency of supper with the family, the degree of agreement with respect to family being an important source of happiness (p < .05); and family size and frequency of food consumption in fast food outlets (p < .10). Satisfaction with life in the study sample is related to aspects associated with health, family and eating, and the family interaction associated with eating may play an important role in overall satisfaction with life.

Eating habits and subjective well-being. A typology of students in Chilean state universities.

The purpose of this study was to distinguish and characterize university student typologies according to their life satisfaction and satisfaction with their food-related life. An online survey was applied between June and August 2013 in five state universities in Chile, to 369 university students (mean age = 20.9 years, SD = 2.27). The survey included the Health-related Quality of Life Index-4 (HRQOL), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Satisfaction with Food-related Life Scale (SWFL), as well as questions about the place of residence, importance of food for well-being, frequency of meals in the place of residence and the frequency of consumption of eight food groups. A cluster analysis was used to determine student typologies. Three typologies of students were distinguished with significant differences in the average scores of the SWLS and SWFL scales, self-perception of health, days with mental health problems, number of days of health-related incapacity, place of residence, socioeconomic status, importance of food for well-being, frequency of breakfast and dinner in the place of residence, frequency of consumption of meat, milk, fruits and vegetables. It was found that most students with higher levels of life satisfaction and satisfaction with food-related life live with their parents, eat at home more frequently, report fewer health problems, have healthful eating habits and consider food very important for their well-being. Although it is necessary to promote or improve the campaigns that foster healthful eating in the entire university population, these campaigns must be specifically targeted to students who do not receive direct support from their families.

Variables que afectan la satisfacción con la alimentación según nivel socioeconómico: un estudio exploratorio en el sur de Chile / Variables affecting food satisfaction according to socioeconomic status: an exploratory study in southern Chile

In order to identify variables that influence in food satisfaction for people belonging to different socioeconomic status (SES) in southern Chile, a survey was administered to a sample of 400 people living in the major cities of this region. The questionnaire included the SWFL (Satisfaction with Food-related Life) scale and the IQLRH (Index of Quality of Life Related to Health). Demographic characteristics and dietary habits were also consulted. Four ordinal logit models were proposed, where the dependent variable was satisfaction with food-related life, considering the total sample and three subsamples: medium and medium-high strata (ABC1), medium-medium (C2) and medium-low (C3), low (D) and very low (E) as a whole. The four models were significant (p<0.001), but differed in the explanatory variables that were significant. Regardless of SES, satisfaction with food-related life decreases if the person does not have a good perception of their own health. Other variables that influence satisfaction with food-related life, which differed according to the SES, are related to the gender, the family composition, the time available for family dining, frequency of consumption of meat and use of fast food outlets and the restriction of alcohol consumption.

Con el objetivo de identificar variables que influyen en la satisfacción con la alimentación en personas pertenecientes a distintos niveles socioeconómicos (NSE) del sur de Chile, se aplicó una encuesta a 400 personas residentes en las principales ciudades de esta parte del país. El cuestionario incluyó la escala SWFL (Satisfaction with Food-related Life) y el Indice de Calidad de Vida relativo a la Salud (ICVRS). Se consultaron características demográficas y hábitos alimentarios. Se plantearon cuatro modelos logit ordinales, en los cuales la variable dependiente fue la satisfacción con la alimentación, considerando la muestra total y tres submuestras: estratos alto y medio-alto (ABC1), medio-medio (C2) y en conjunto los niveles medio-bajo (C3), bajo (D) y muy bajo (E). Los cuatro modelos resultaron significativos (p<0,001), pero difirieron en las variables explicativas significativas. Independientemente del NSE, la satisfacción con la alimentación disminuye si la persona no tiene una buena auto percepción de su salud. Otras variables que influyen en la satisfacción con la alimentación, que difirieron según el NSE, corresponden al género, composición de la familia, tiempo disponible para cenar en familia, frecuencia de consumo de carne y en locales de comida rápida y, la restricción del consumo de alcohol.

Variables que influyen en la satisfacción con la vida de personas de distinto nivel socioeconómico en el sur de Chile / Variables affecting satisfaction with life in people from different socioeconomic groups in southern Chile

El presente estudio tiene por objeto identificar variables que influyen en la satisfacción con la vida de personas pertenecientes a distintos niveles socioeconómicos (NSE) en el sur de Chile. Para lograr este objetivo, 316 residentes en las principales ciudades de esta parte del país, distribuidos proporcionalmente por comuna, respondieron un cuestionario que incluía las escalas SWLS (Satisfacción con la vida) y SWFL (Satisfacción con la alimentación), el Índice de Calidad de Vida Relativo a la Salud (ICVRS) y la Escala de Discrepancia del Yo. Además se consultaron las características demográficas de los encuestados. Como resultado se obtuvo que la mayor proporción de personas extremadamente satisfechas con su vida y su alimentación se encuentran en el NSE más alto.Asimismo, se plantearon cuatro modelos logit ordinales, en los cuales la variable dependiente fue la satisfacción con la vida, considerando la muestra total y tres submuestras: estratos alto y medio-alto, medio-medio y en conjunto los niveles medio-bajo, bajo y muy bajo. Estos cuatro modelos resultaron significativos, pero difirieron en las variables explicativas que fueron significativas. También se evidenció que, independientemente del NSE, las personas con alta satisfacción con su alimentación tienen mayor probabilidad de tener alta satisfacción con la vida. Por último, se obtuvo que otras variables que se relacionan con la satisfacción con la vida son la salud, la familia, la discrepancia con el yo ideal, la edad y la tenencia de bienes en el hogar.

This study aimed to identify the variables influencing satisfaction with life in people from different socioeconomic groups in southern Chile.To do this, a questionnaire was applied to a sample of 316 residents in the main cities of the southern side of the country, distributed Ordinal logit Socioeconomic level proportionally by municipality. The questionnaire included the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Satisfaction with Food-related Life (SWFL), the Health-Related Quality of Life Index (HRQOL), the Self-Discrepancy Scale, and questions on demographic characteristics of those surveyed. The highest proportion of people extremely satisfied with their life and food-related life was found in the highest socioeconomic group. Four multinomial logit models were considered, in which the dependent variable was satisfaction with life. This analysis comprised the total sample and three sub-samples: high and upper-middle class, middle-middle class, and lower-middle, low and very-low classes considered jointly. The four models were significant, but differed in the explanatory variables that were significant. Regardless of socioeconomic status, individuals who experienced high satisfaction with their food-related life were more likely to report high life satisfaction. Other variables related to satisfaction with life were health, family, discrepancy with the ideal self, age and ownership of certain goods in the home.