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1.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 39(3): 485-490, 2024-04-24. fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1554170

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La embolia paradójica es un evento trombótico originado en la circulación venosa, que se manifiesta como embolismo arterial por medio de un defecto anatómico a nivel cardíaco o pulmonar. Se asocia principalmente a eventos cerebrovasculares, aunque se han encontrado casos de infarto agudo de miocardio, infarto renal y otros eventos isquémicos. Caso clínico. Paciente de 47 años, quien consultó por cuadro de dolor abdominal, que requirió manejo quirúrgico de urgencia, donde identificaron isquemia intestinal importante. Los estudios adicionales hallaron déficit de proteína S y persistencia de foramen oval permeable. Resultados. La presencia de trombosis arterial se conoce como trombosis de sitios inusuales y requiere de estudios para descartar trombofilias asociadas u otros estados protrombóticos. El déficit de proteína S es una trombofilia infrecuente, la cual se asocia en la vida adulta a eventos trombóticos de origen venoso. En presencia de defectos anatómicos, como un foramen oval permeable, puede progresar a embolia arterial, configurando un cuadro de embolismo paradójico. La estratificación de estos pacientes requiere imágenes que demuestran el defecto mencionado, así como el posible origen de los émbolos. El manejo se basa en anticoagulación plena, manejo de soporte, resolver las manifestaciones trombóticas existentes y un cierre temprano del defecto anatómico. Conclusiones. El embolismo paradójico debe sospecharse en caso de trombosis de sitios inusuales. Requiere de un estudio exhaustivo con imágenes y su manejo debe basarse en anticoagulación y cierre del defecto.


Introduction. Paradoxical embolism is a thrombotic event originating in the venous circulation, which manifests as arterial embolism through an anatomical cardiac or pulmonary defect. It is mainly associated with stroke, also presenting as acute myocardial infarction, renal infarction, and other ischemic events. Clinical case. A 47-year-old patient was admitted due to abdominal pain, which required emergency surgical management, finding significant intestinal ischemia. Additional studies found protein S deficiency and evidence of a patent foramen ovale. Discussion. Arterial thrombosis is known as unusual thrombosis; this situation requires to rule out associated thrombophilia or other prothrombotic diseases. Protein S deficiency is a rare thrombophilia, which in adults causes venous thrombosis. In the presence of anatomical defects, such as a patent foramen ovale, it can progress to arterial embolism, presenting a picture of paradoxical embolism. The study work of these patients requires imaging that demonstrates the aforementioned defect, as well as the possible origin of the emboli. Management is based on full anticoagulation, treatment of existing thrombotic manifestations, and management of the anatomical defect. Conclusions. Paradoxical embolism should be suspected in case of unusual thrombosis. It requires exhaustive studies based on imaging, and management should consist of anticoagulation and closure of the defect.


Subject(s)
Humans , Embolism and Thrombosis , Embolism, Paradoxical , Mesenteric Ischemia , Thrombophilia , Foramen Ovale, Patent , Laparotomy
2.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BNUY | ID: biblio-1560457

ABSTRACT

La migraña es una enfermedad que se ha visto asociada a defectos septales auriculares y a su cierre percutáneo, estipulándose en la literatura que sería una rara complicación, pero la evidencia al respecto es escasa. Se realizó una revisión narrativa sobre definiciones, epidemiología, fisiopatología y tratamiento de la migraña y de la entidad migraña poscierre percutáneo de defectos del septum auricular, incluyendo trabajos observacionales (retrospectivos, prospectivos), estudios randomizados, reportes de casos, artículos de revisión y metaanálisis existentes en PubMed y Cochrane, para aportar al conocimiento de esta entidad.


Migraine is a disease that has been associated with atrial septal defects and its percutaneous closure, stipulating in the literature that it would be a rare complication, but evidence is scarce. A narrative review was conducted on definitions, epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment of migraine and the migraine entity after percutaneous closure of atrial septum defects, including observational studies (retrospective, prospective), randomized studies, case reports, review articles and meta-analyses existing in PubMed and Cochrane, to contribute to the knowledge of this entity.


A enxaqueca é uma doença que tem sido associada a defeitos do septo atrial e seu fechamento percutâneo, estipulando na literatura que seria uma complicação rara, mas as evidências são escassas. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa sobre definições, epidemiologia, fisiopatologia e tratamento da enxaqueca e da entidade migranosa após fechamento percutâneo de defeitos do septo atrial, incluindo estudos observacionais (retrospectivos, prospectivos), estudos randomizados, relatos de caso, artigos de revisão e metanálises existentes no PubMed e Cochrane, para contribuir com o conhecimento dessa entidade.

3.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 2022 Nov 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36347422

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: There is an extending use of percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) as therapy for PFO-associated cryptogenic strokes. The aim of our study was to investigate the clinical practice of percutaneous closure of PFO and to analyse the variables for decision-making on the selection of patients for this procedure. METHOD: A prospective observational multicentric survey was conducted using all the cases of cryptogenic stroke/transient ischaemic attack associated with PFO recorded in the NORDICTUS hospital registry during the period 2018-2021. Clinical data, radiological patterns, echocardiogram data and factors related to PFO-associated stroke (thromboembolic disease and paradoxical embolism criteria) were recorded. The indication for closure was analysed according to age (≤/> 60 years) and the characteristics of the PFO. RESULTS: In the group ≤ 60 years (n = 488), 143 patients (29.3%) underwent PFO closure. The most influential variables for this therapy were detection of a high-risk PFO (OR 4.11; IC 2.6-6.5, P < .001), criteria for paradoxical embolism (OR 2.61; IC 1.28-5.28; P = .008) and previous use of antithrombotics (OR 2.67; IC 1.38-5.18; P = .009). In the > 60 years group (n = 124), 24 patients had PFO closure (19%). The variables related to this option were history of pulmonary thromboembolism, predisposition to thromboembolic disease, paradoxical embolism criteria, and high-risk PFO. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of a high-risk PFO (large shunt, shunt with associated aneurysm) is the main criterion for a percutaneous closure-based therapy. Other conditions to consider in the eligibility of patients are the history of thromboembolic disease, paradoxical embolism criteria or the previous use of antithrombotics.

4.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 28(6): 639-641, nov.-dic. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1357239

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se presenta el caso de una paciente ingresada por cuadro clínico de infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST. Tras la realización de una coronariografía emergente en la que se evidencia un trombo en la arteria coronaria derecha, sin objetivar lesiones ateroscleróticas, es diagnosticada de infarto de probable origen embólico. Tras realizar un ecocardiograma transtorácico, se detecta la presencia de trombos en las cavidades derechas e izquierdas del corazón. Por ello se realiza angiografía por tomografía computarizada con protocolo de embolia pulmonar, que confirma la presencia de embolia pulmonar bilateral masiva. Tras esto, se repitió el ecocardiograma transtorácico, hallándose un aneurisma del septo interauricular, con aparente protrusión de una masa trombótica a través de él. Se inició terapia anticoagulante con buena evolución por parte de la paciente, habiendo desaparecido los trombos en el ecocardiograma con test de burbujas que se realizó días después, en el que se demostró la presencia de un foramen oval permeable. Con la presentación de este caso se pretende, en primer lugar, ilustrar una afección que en contadas ocasiones se puede objetivar mediante prueba de imagen, y en segundo lugar, hacer una breve revisión del diagnóstico y el manejo del foramen oval permeable como parte del estudio de fuente embólica.


Abstract The authors describe a case of a patient admitted with ST elevation myocardial infarction. An emergent coronariography was done, showing a thrombus in the right coronary artery, without evidence of atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary bed. Due to this, she is diagnosed with probable embolic myocardial infarction. When she was performed a transthoracic echocardiography, the presence of free thrombi was detected in right and left chambers of the heart. Due to this, a CT angiography with pulmonary embolism protocol was done, confirming the presence of a massive bilateral pulmonary embolism. After that, a new trans-thoracic echocardiography was done, finding an aneurism at interatrial septum, with an apparent protrusion of thrombotic mass through it. The decision taken was initiating therapeutic anticoagulation, having the patient a positive evolution with disappearance of thrombi in the bubble test performed days later, and showing the presence of a patent foramen ovale. The purpose of the presentation of this case report is, firstly, illustrating an entity which in very few occasions can be demonstrated by imaging tests, and secondly, making a brief review of the diagnosis and management of the patent foramen ovale as a part of the study of embolic sources.

5.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 39(2): 114-121, ago. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138524

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cierre percutáneo del foramen oval permeable (FOP) se ha posicionado como el tratamiento de elección para la prevención secundaria de pacientes con infartos encefálicos (IE) criptogénicos asociados a FOP. OBJETIVO: Revisar los cierres de FOP realizados en nuestra institución, evaluando las características clínicas y del procedimiento, los resultados a mediano plazo luego del procedimiento y la tendencia en el número de intervenciones durante el período estudiado. MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron 101 pacientes consecutivos en que se realizó cierre de FOP, con una mediana de seguimiento de 4,6 años. Se analizaron las características basales de los pacientes, la indicación del cierre de FOP, el éxito del procedimiento y la presencia de shunt residual en ecocardiografía al año. Se realizó una encuesta telefónica estructurada a todos los pacientes, en la cual se preguntó por nuevo IE o crisis isquémica transitoria (CIT), otros eventos cardiovasculares y la presencia de sangrados. El seguimiento fue completado en el 95%. Se calculó el puntaje RoPE ("Risk of Paradoxical Embolism") el cual provee una estimación de la posibilidad de que ese IE se haya debido al FOP y del riesgo de repetir un nuevo IE en caso de no cerrar el FOP para cada paciente. RESULTADOS: La edad promedio fue de 49,1±13,7 años, con 53% mujeres. Sólo en 3 pacientes se diagnosticó una trombofilia. En 96 pacientes la indicación fue para prevención de embolía paradojal e IE (74% IE, 17% CIT y 4% embolía periférica), mientras que en 5% por síndrome de ortodeoxia/platipnea. El cierre de FOP fue exitoso en todos los pacientes. Shunt residual en ecocardiograma al año se observó en 5% - ninguno de estos pacientes presentó un nuevo evento encefálico durante el seguimiento. Se registraron 2 nuevos IE (4 IE por 1000 pacientes/año) y 1 nueva CIT (2 CIT por 1000 pacientes/año) en el seguimiento, con un promedio de presentación de 3,6 años post procedimiento. Esta tasa de eventos fue significativamente menor a lo predicho por el puntaje RoPE en nuestra cohorte. Se observó un marcado aumento en el número de procedimientos desde el año 2017 en adelante. CONCLUSIONES: En nuestra cohorte, el cierre de FOP fue un procedimiento exitoso y seguro. Se asoció a una baja tasa de nuevos eventos cerebrales, marcadamente menor a lo estimado por el puntaje de riesgo actualmente disponible (RoPE).


INTRODUCTION: The percutaneous closure of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been established as the preferred treatment for those with an ischemic stroke (IS) and associated PFO. AIMS: To review the PFO closure experience at our institution, characterizing the patients and procedures, mid-term results and the trend in the number of interventions during the study period. METHODS: One hundred and one consecutive patients undergoing PFO closure were included, with a median follow-up of 4.6 years. Baseline demographics, PFO closure indications, procedural success rates and residual shunt at 1-year were recorded. A telephonic survey was performed to complete follow-up, asking for new IS or transient ischemic attacks (TIA), other cardiovascular events and bleeding. Follow-up was completed by 95%. The RoPE score was calculated for each patient, providing an estimate of the chance a given IS being due to a PFO and the risk of a new event when the defect is not closed. RESULTS: Mean age was 49.1±13.7 years and 53% were females. Whereas the indication for PFO closure was paradoxical embolism in 96 patients (74% IS, 17% TIA and 4% peripheral embolism), in 5 it was for platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome. All patients had a successful PFO closure procedure. Residual shunt at 1 year was found in 5% - yet, none of these patients experienced a new stroke during the study period. During follow-up there were 2 new IS (4 IS per 1,000 patients/year) and 1 new TIA (2 TIA per 1,000 patients/year), with a mean incidence time of 3.6 years after the procedure. This rate of new events was significantly lower than the one predicted by the RoPE score. From 2017 onwards, there was a marked increase in the number of procedures performed at our institution. CONCLUSION: In this cohort, PFO closure was a successful and safe procedure. It was associated to a low rate of new cerebral events during mid-term follow-up, markedly lower than the RoPE predicted rate.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Foramen Ovale, Patent/surgery , Septal Occluder Device , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome , Embolism, Paradoxical/prevention & control , Brain Infarction/prevention & control , Secondary Prevention
6.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed) ; 67(2): 99-102, 2020 Feb.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31955890

ABSTRACT

Recruitment manoeuvres (RM) are common practice in anaesthesiology; however, they can have adverse effects. We present an unforeseen complication in a patient undergoing surgical resection of a bronchial tumour who presented cardiac arrest due to pulseless electrical activity immediately after RMs. A transoesophageal echocardiogram performed after return of spontaneous circulation showed a patent foramen ovale (PFO), left ventricular dysfunction with segmental changes, and air in the left ventricle, leading to suspicion of paradoxical air embolism. The contractility changes normalised spontaneously, and postoperative evolution was uneventful. RMs cause changes in intracavitary pressures that can lead to opening of a PFO (present in up to 30% of the population) and reversal of the physiological left-right shunt. Transoesophageal echocardiography facilitated immediate diagnosis and follow-up.


Subject(s)
Bronchial Neoplasms/surgery , Carcinoid Tumor/surgery , Embolism, Air/diagnostic imaging , Intraoperative Complications/diagnostic imaging , Positive-Pressure Respiration/methods , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnostic imaging , Blood Circulation , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Embolism, Air/etiology , Female , Foramen Ovale, Patent/complications , Foramen Ovale, Patent/diagnostic imaging , Heart Arrest/etiology , Heart Arrest/therapy , Humans , Intraoperative Complications/etiology , Middle Aged , Positive-Pressure Respiration/adverse effects
7.
Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) ; 73(3): 219-224, 2020 Mar.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31585849

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Randomized trials have shown the efficacy of transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in patients aged ≤ 60 years with cryptogenic embolism. We aimed to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of PFO closure in patients aged> 60 years. METHODS: Of 475 consecutive patients with cryptogenic embolism who underwent PFO closure, 90 older patients aged> 60 years (mean, 66±5 years) were compared with 385 younger patients aged ≤ 60 years (mean, 44±10 years). RESULTS: Older patients had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes; P <.01 for all vs younger patients). There were no differences in periprocedural complications between the 2 groups. During a median follow-up of 8 (4-12) years, there were a total of 17 deaths, all from noncardiovascular causes (7.8% and 2.6% in the older and younger patient groups, respectively; HR, 4.12; 95%CI, 1.56-10.89). Four patients had a recurrent stroke (2.2% and 0.5% in the older and younger patient groups, respectively; HR, 5.08; 95%CI, 0.71-36.2), and 12 patients had a transient ischemic attack (TIA) (3.3% and 2.3% in the older and younger patient groups, respectively; HR, 1.71; 95%CI, 0.46-6.39). There was a trend toward a higher rate of the composite of stroke/TIA in older patients (5.5% vs 2.6%; HR, 2.62; 95%CI, 0.89-7.75; P=.081), which did not persist after adjustment for CVRF (HR, 1.97; 95%CI, 0.59-6.56; P=.269). CONCLUSIONS: In older patients with cryptogenic embolism, PFO closure was safe and associated with a low rate of ischemic events at long-term. However, older patients exhibited a tendency toward a higher incidence of recurrent stroke/TIA compared with younger patients, likely related to a higher burden of CVRF.


Subject(s)
Embolism/complications , Foramen Ovale, Patent/surgery , Ischemic Attack, Transient/epidemiology , Septal Occluder Device , Stroke/epidemiology , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Cause of Death , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Dyslipidemias/epidemiology , Female , Foramen Ovale, Patent/complications , Foramen Ovale, Patent/mortality , Humans , Hypertension/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Prevalence , Recurrence , Risk Factors
8.
Rev. costarric. cardiol ; 21(2): 21-28, jul.-dic. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042867

ABSTRACT

Resumen La ecocardiografía contrastada con solución salina agitada es una modalidad de imagen establecida. Este método es usualmente utilizado para el diagnóstico de foramen oval permeable, shunts intracardiacos, anomalías del drenaje venoso y shunts intrapulmonares. En este artículo se revisarán aspectos generales de la ecocardiografía contrastada con solución salina, así como métodos diagnósticos enfocados principalmente a la detección de la persistencia de vena cava superior izquierda y sus variantes.


Abstract Echocardiography contrasted with agitated saline solution is an established imaging modality. This method is usually used for the diagnosis of patent foramen ovale, intracardiac shunts and venous drainage abnormalities. In this article, general aspects of the echocardiography contrasted with saline solution will be reviewed, as well as diagnostic methods focused mainly on the detection of the persistence of the left superior vena cava and its variants.


Subject(s)
Humans , Vena Cava, Superior , Echocardiography , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Costa Rica , Foramen Ovale, Patent , Cardiac Imaging Techniques
9.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 79(6): 502-505, dic. 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056759

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de May-Thurner es una anormalidad anatómica que consiste en la comprensión cronica de la vena iliaca común izquierda, entre la arteria ilíaca común derecha y la columna vertebral, que puede predisponer a la trombosis venosa profunda. Es una entidad rara, y es infrecuente que provoque una embolia paradojal cerebral. Se presenta el caso de una isquemia cerebral de origen embólico, en un varón de 30 años, luego de actividad sexual. Los estudios realizados revelaron síndrome de May-Thurner asociado con un foramen oval permeable y una trombofilia por factor V de Leiden. Fue tratado con anticoagulantes orales y no ha presentado recurrencias.


May-Thurner syndrome is an anatomic abnormality that predisposes patients to increase risk of paradoxical embolism and stroke. It consists of chronic compression of the left common iliac vein by the overlying right common iliac artery and lumbar spine. This may lead to deep venous thrombosis and paradoxical embolism that could provoke cerebral ischemia in patients with a cardiac shunt from right-to-left. Embolic cerebral ischemic event is reported in a 30-year-old man after sexual intercourse. Further studies revea led suggestive findings of May-Thurner syndrome coupled with a patent foramen ovale and a factor V Leiden thrombophilia. He was placed on anticoagulation therapy and has not had any recurrent events.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Intracranial Embolism/etiology , May-Thurner Syndrome/complications , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Intracranial Embolism/pathology , Intracranial Embolism/diagnostic imaging , May-Thurner Syndrome/pathology , May-Thurner Syndrome/diagnostic imaging
10.
Rev. ecuat. neurol ; 28(3): 120-123, sep.-dic. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058486

ABSTRACT

Resumen El síndrome de embolia grasa es una complicación potencialmente catastrófica de las fracturas de huesos largos. La tríada clásica de síntomas son erupciones cutáneas petequiales, hipoxemia y anomalías neurológicas, que generalmente ocurren dentro de las 24 a 72 horas posteriores a la fractura. El componente respiratorio se presenta en prácticamente la totalidad de los reportes. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con embolia grasa postraumática con clínica neurológica preponderante, sin afectación respiratoria en ausencia de foramen oval permeable.


Abstract Fat embolism syndrome is a potentially catastrophic complication of long-bone fractures. The classic triad of symptoms are petechial skin rashes, hypoxemia, and neurological abnormalities, which usually occur within 24 to 72 hours after the fracture. The respiratory component occurs in practically all of the reports. We present the case of a patient with posttraumatic fat embolism with predominant neurological symptoms, without respiratory involvement in the absence of patent foramen ovale.

11.
Rev. argent. radiol ; 83(4): 141-150, oct. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057416

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: Describir los hallazgos en resonancia magnética (RM) de encéfalo en pacientes menores de 65 años que fueron estudiados por Doppler transcraneal (DTC) con contraste de microburbujas, con antecedentes de accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) criptogénico y sospecha de foramen oval permeable (FOP). Materiales y métodos: Este estudio transversal retrospectivo incluyó pacientes de ambos sexos, menores de 65 años. Resultados: Nuestra muestra (n = 47, 47% masculino y 53% femenino, edad media de 42 años) presentó señales transitorias de alta intensidad (HITS, por su sigla en inglés) positivo en el 61,7% y HITS-negativo en el 38,3%. En pacientes HITS-positivo, predominaron las lesiones a nivel de las fibras en U subcorticales, únicas o múltiples con distribución bilateralmente simétrica. En pacientes con HITS moderados, predominaron las lesiones en el territorio vascular de la circulación posterior. Conclusión: En pacientes menores de 65 años con ACV criptogénico y lesiones en fibras en U subcorticales, únicas o múltiples con distribución bilateral y simétrica, debe tenerse en cuenta un FOP como posible causa de dichas lesiones.


Abstract Objectives: To analyze the findings on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients less than 65 years of age with history of cryptogenic stroke and suspected patent foramen ovale (PFO) who were studied with Contrast-Transcranial Doppler. Materials and Methods: This transversal retrospective study included both, men and women less than 65 years of age. Results: Our sample (n = 47, 47% male and 53% female, average age 42 years old) had High Intensity Transient Signals (HITS)-positive in 61.7% and HITS-negative in 38.3%. In HITS-positive patients, lesions were predominantly located on the subcortical U fibers, lone or multiple bilateral symmetric distributions. In patients with moderate-severity HITS, the posterior circulation was the most affected. Conclusion: In patients less than 65 years of age with cryptogenic stroke with lesions affecting the subcortical U fibers, with unique or multiple bilateral symmetric distributions, a PFO should be considered as an underlying cause.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Brain , Brain Injuries , Brain Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Wounds and Injuries , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Causality , Retrospective Studies , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial/methods , Stroke , Foramen Ovale, Patent
12.
Rev. urug. cardiol ; 34(2)ago. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1509105

ABSTRACT

El foramen oval permeable es un defecto estructural cardíaco frecuente en la población general. Su importancia clínica radica principalmente en su asociación con el ictus criptogénico, que ha sido descrita en varios estudios. La evidencia es controvertida y para definir el mejor tratamiento en cada caso es necesario individualizar su rol en el ictus criptogénico y el riesgo de recurrencia del mismo.


Summary: The patent foramen ovale is a common structural heart defect in the general population. Its clinical magnitude lies in its association with cryptogenic stroke, which has been described in several studies. The evidence is controversial and to define the best treatment choice in each case, it is necessary to identify its role in the cryptogenic stroke and the risk of its recurrence.


O forame oval patente é um defeito cardíaco estrutural comum na população geral. A magnitude clínica deste achado reside na sua associação com o acidente vascular cerebral criptogênico, que tem sido descrito em vários estudos. A evidência é controversa e para definir a melhor escolha de tratamento em cada caso, é necessário identificar o seu papel no acidente vascular cerebral criptogênico e o risco de sua recorrência.

13.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 151(3): 116-122, 2018 08 10.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29724600

ABSTRACT

The term cryptogenic stroke refers to a stroke for which there is no specific attributable cause after a comprehensive evaluation. However, there are differences between the diagnostic criteria of etiological classifications used in clinical practice. An improvement in diagnostic tools such advances in monitoring for atrial fibrillation, advances in vascular imaging and evidence regarding the implication of patent foramen oval on the risk of stroke specially in young patients are reducing the proportion of stroke patients without etiological diagnosis. We carried out a critical review of the current concept of cryptogenic stroke, as a non-diagnosis, avoiding the simplification of it and reviewing the different entities that could fall under this diagnosis and reviewing the different entities that could fall under this diagnosis; and therefore avoid the same treatment for differents entities with uncertains results.


Subject(s)
Stroke , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Secondary Prevention , Stroke/classification , Stroke/diagnosis , Stroke/etiology , Stroke/therapy
14.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 46(1): 79-83, Jan.-Mar. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-959781

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: A clinical case and an updated literature review on impending paradoxical embolism are discussed, describing their incidence, etiology, and pathophysiology. Materials and methods: Revised by the Service of Clinical Ethics of our hospital, this is a case of a 37-year-old woman with 27 weeks of gestation who consulted because of progressive apnea leading to functional class IV/IV; her ICU management and outcomes are discussed. The bibliography used were searched from PubMed, SciELO, and Bireme. Results: Impending paradoxical embolism is a rare condition and few cases have been reported in Ibero-America. The condition has a significant impact on a young and otherwise healthy population, with high morbidity and mortality for both the baby and the mother. An association with several cardiovascular and neurological conditions has been suggested. Conclusions: The association between patent foramen ovale and impending paradoxical embolism is rare. Its occurrence during pregnancy is even more insignificant. The existing treatment evidence to date is weak, apparently in favor of surgical management rather than thrombolysis and anticoagulation alone, further avoiding the recurrence of the disease.


Resumen Objetivos: Presentamos un caso clínico y revisión actualizada de la literatura sobre el embolismo paradójico inminente, describiendo su incidencia, etiología y fisiopatología. Materiales y Métodos: Revisado por el servicio de Ética Clínica de nuestro hospital, se presenta el caso de una mujer de 37 años con 27 semanas de embarazo quien consulto por disnea progresiva hasta clase funcional IV/IV, su manejo en UCI y desenlace. Las bases bibliográficas fueron Pub Med, SciELO y Bireme. Resultados: El embolismo paradójico inminente es una patología rara, con pocos casos reportados en Iberoamérica. Presenta un importante impacto en una población joven y sana, con una alta morbimortalidad en el binomio madre-hijo. Se propuso una relación con diversas patologías cardiovasculares y neurológicas. Conclusiones: La asociación entre foramen ovale permeable, embolismo paradójico inminente es poco frecuente. Su presentación durante el embarazo es aún menor. La evidencia existente a la fecha sobre el tratamiento es débil, parece favorecer el manejo quirúrgico sobre la trombolisis y anticoagulación sola, adicionalmente se evita su recurrencia.


Subject(s)
Humans
15.
Rev. ecuat. neurol ; 26(3): 306-309, sep.-dic. 2017. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003999

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: En pacientes con ictus isquémico criptogénico se ha descrito una alta prevalencia de alteraciones del septum auricular relacionadas con un riesgo aumentado de presentar recurrencia. Objetivo: Presentar la historia clínica de un paciente joven con antecedente de diabetes mellitus e ictus isquémico en el que no se demuestran alteraciones arteriales. A partir de la realización de un estudio de Doppler trasncraneal con test de burbujas se diagnostica un foramen oval permeable. Conclusión: En el paciente que describimos, la realización de un estudio de DTC como parte de la evaluación inicial ayudó a precisar la etiología. La demostración de un foramen ovale permeable tiene implicaciones en la prevención secundaria del ictus.


Abstract Introduction: A high prevalence of atrial septal defects is reported in patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke, also related to an increase of the risk of recurrence. Objective: To report case of a young patient with a history of diabetes mellitus and ischemic stroke without arterial changes proven. A transcraneal Doppler study with a bubble test helped to diagnose a patent foramen ovale. Conclusion: As part of the initial evaluation of this patient, a TCD study has helped to clarify the stroke etiology. The demonstration of a patent foramen ovale has implications for the secondary prevention of stroke.

16.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 85(3): 1-10, jun. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-957774

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El foramen oval permeable se encuentra en alrededor del 50% de los pacientes que han sufrido un accidente cerebrovascular criptogénico. La recurrencia de un accidente cerebrovascular isquémico luego del cierre percutáneo del foramen oval permeable es de alrededor del 1% anual. Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia de recurrencia de accidente cerebrovascular isquémico en nuestra población tratada con cierre percutáneo del foramen oval permeable. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron en forma retrospectiva desde enero de 2007 hasta septiembre de 2015 todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de accidente cerebrovascular isquémico criptogénico a quienes mediante técnica percutánea se les ocluyó un foramen oval permeable. En el seguimiento se detectaron los casos en los que se diagnosticó recurrencia de evento en la forma de un nuevo accidente cerebrovascular isquémico y/o ataque isquémico transitorio posterior al cierre percutáneo. Resultados: Se incluyeron 28 pacientes, con edad promedio al momento del procedimiento de 47 años (20-71 años), el 50% eran mujeres, el 79% habían tenido un accidente cerebrovascular y el 21% un ataque isquémico transitorio. El puntaje de RoPE fue de 7,07 puntos (3-10 puntos). El cierre percutáneo fue exitoso en todos los casos. En un período de seguimiento (mediana 989 días, intervalo intercuartil 670-1.766 días) se identificaron dos pacientes (7%) que tuvieron un nuevo accidente cerebrovascular. En ambos pacientes se repitió un ecocardiograma transesofágico y se encontró foramen oval permeable cerrado sin fugas residuales. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de recurrencia de accidente cerebrovascular es baja luego del cierre percutáneo del foramen oval permeable y posiblemente un buen número de los casos recurrentes no sean prevenibles con su cierre.

17.
Med. UIS ; 30(1): 93-97, ene.-abr. 2017. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-894196

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: El tromboembolismo pulmonar es una patología que compromete la vida y requiere tratamiento inmediato. De esta manera, para obtener los mejores resultados debe existir un alto grado de sospecha clínica que permita realizar el diagnóstico de manera temprana. Su manejo es farmacológico con anticoagulación, pero en ciertas ocasiones requiere de tratamiento quirúrgico. El objetivo de este reporte de caso es describir las indicaciones actuales para embolectomía pulmonar quirúrgica en un paciente con tromboembolismo pulmonar. Presentación del caso: Se presenta un caso de una paciente con tromboembolismo pulmonar, inestabilidad hemodinámica y foramen oval permeable, en el cual se encontraba atrapado un trombo en silla de montar con extensión a las dos aurículas, quien fue tratada con embolectomía pulmonar quirúrgica. Posterior a la embolectomía pulmonar quirúrgica la paciente presentó un episodio de tromboembolismo pulmonar recurrente que fue manejado nuevamente con embolectomía quirúrgica previo a la implantación de un filtro de vena cava por vía percutánea. Su evolución fue satisfactoria permitiendo suspender el soporte ventilatorio y hemodinámico de manera temprana. Conclusiones: La embolectomía pulmonar quirúrgica se mantiene vigente como manejo del tromboembolismo pulmonar en pacientes con inestabilidad hemodinámica que tienen contraindicación para trombolisis o en quiénes esta terapia ha fallado, así como en pacientes que tienen un trombo intracardíaco o en un foramen oval permeable. MÉD.UIS. 2017;30(1):93-7.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The pulmonary embolism is a pathology that endangers life and it requires an immediate treatment. In order to get the best results there should be a high degree of clinical suspicion that allows us to make an early diagnosis. It requires a pharmacological treatment with anticoagulation but in certain cases there is necessary a surgical treatment. The objective of this case report is to describe the current indications for the surgical pulmonary embolectomy in a patient with pulmonary embolism. Case Presentation: This is the presentation of a case in a patient with pulmonary embolism, haemodynamic instability and a horse saddle thrombus located in a patent foramen ovale which was expanded on the both heart atriums. This patient was treated with surgical pulmonary embolectomy. Following the surgical pulmonary embolectomy the patient had a recurrent pulmonary embolism episode that was treated with the insertion of a percutaneous vena cava filter and a newly surgical pulmonary embolectomy. The patient had a satisfactory postoperative evolution with an early discontinuation of the ventilatory and haemodynamic support. Conclusion: The surgical pulmonary embolectomy is still an applicable treatment for the pulmonary embolism in patients with haemodynamic instability, absolute contraindication to systemic thrombolytic therapy or failure to this therapy, patent foramen ovale and an intracardiac floating thrombus. mÉD.uIs. 2017;30(1):93-7.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Embolism , Embolectomy , Venous Thrombosis , Foramen Ovale, Patent
18.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 45(supl.1): 76-80, Jan.-June 2017. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-900400

ABSTRACT

This case describes the anesthetic technique used in two symptomatic neonates with a prenatal diagnosis of cystic adenomatoid malformation that underwent surgery under general anesthesia at the San Ignacio University Hospital. One was under one-lung ventilation and ultrasound-guided caudal catheter analgesia and the second one with general anesthesia and two-lung ventilation. A cystic adenomatoid malformation is a rare pathology with improved outcomes with early diagnosis and management, and a survival rate of over 95%.


Se describe la técnica anestésica en dos neonatos con diagnóstico prenatal de malformación adenomatoide quística sintomáticos, llevados a cirugía de resección pulmonar en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio bajo anestesia general uno de los dos con ventilación unipulmonar y analgesia con catéter caudal guiada por ecografía y el otro con anestesia general y ventilación bipulmonar. La malformación adenomatoide quística es una patología poco frecuente que mejora su desenlace con el diagnóstico y manejo temprano con una sobrevida mayor al 95%.


Subject(s)
Humans
19.
Gac. méd. boliv ; 39(1): 34-37, jun. 2016. ilus, graf, mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-797291

ABSTRACT

En este artículo presentamos el caso de un paciente femenino de 59 años de edad que ingreso al hospital por insuficiencia respiratoria aguda; diagnosticada con trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) y tromboembolia pulmonar (TEP) masiva. Al cuarto día de admisión desarrolló afasia global y hemiplejia derecha. Imagen de resonancia magnética (IRM) del cerebro demuestra un infarto cerebral agudo en el territorio de la arteria cerebral media izquierda. La Ecografía trans-esofágica evidencia un foramen ovale permeable de 1.8 cm de diámetro con una derivación de flujo arterio-venosa de derecha a izquierda significativo. La paciente fue sometida al cierre del defecto cardiaco por cateterismo con resultados favorables sin recurrencia de infartos cerebrales posteriores. También revisamos la literatura sobre embolia paradójica como causa de infartos cerebrales y brindamos algunas recomendaciones para el manejo y prevención de infartos cerebrales criptogénicos.


Herein, we present a case of a 59 years old woman who was admitted to the hospital due to respiratory failure. She was diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis and massive pulmonary embolism. At the fourth day of admission she developed acute onset of global aphasia and dense acute right hemiplegia. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates an acute infarct in the left medial cerebral artery territory. Transesophageal echocardiogram found a large patent foramen ovale of 1.8 cm of diameter with a large right to left shunting. Patient underwent to successful closure of the defect via cardiac catheterization with no recurrence of embolic events. We also review the literature of paradoxical embolus as a cause of cerebral infarcts and provide some recommendations for treatment and prevention of cryptogenic infarcts.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Respiratory Insufficiency/complications , Embolism, Paradoxical/diagnosis , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis , Venous Thrombosis
20.
Emergencias ; 28(2): 124-126, 2016.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29105436

ABSTRACT

EN: Platypnea orthodeoxia (PO) syndrome is characterized by dyspnea and orthostatic hypoxemia. Various cardiac and noncardiac conditions responsible for the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the syndrome are found during differential diagnosis. We searched the records of Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet in Saragossa for confirmed cases of PO syndrome diagnosed between January 2002 and June 2014 and found 4 cases. Three were secondary to rightto- left shunt by way of a patent foramen ovale. The fourth was secondary to an intrapulmonary vascular shunt in the context of hepatopulmonary syndrome. A total of 129 titles on PO syndrome were indexed in MEDLINE between 1979 and April 2013; 77% were published in the last 10 years. PO syndrome is under diagnosed. The evident increase in incidence in recent years is probably attributable to better diagnostic techniques.


ES: El síndrome de platipnea-ortodeoxia (SPO) se caracteriza por disnea e hipoxemia en ortostatismo. Su diagnóstico diferencial muestra causas cardiacas y extracardiacas responsables de distintos mecanismos fisiopatológicos. Se ha realizado una revisión desde enero de 2002 hasta junio de 2014 de los casos confirmados de SPO en el Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet de Zaragoza. Se encontraron un total de 4 casos: 3 de ellos secundarios a un shunt derecha-izquierda intracardiaco a través de un foramen oval permeable (FOP) y uno secundario a un shunt vascular pulmonar en el contexto de un síndrome hepatopulmonar. Se presentan dos de estos casos y se discuten las claves clínicas para su sospecha en urgencias.

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