Aliens Land Holding Regulation Act, 1988 (No. 9 of 1988), 2 June 1988.

PIP: This document contains major provisions of the 1988 Aliens Land Holding Regulation Act of Dominica. The Act provides that no land or mortgage on land or interest in a company shall be held by an unlicensed alien or alien company. Exceptions include allowing an unlicensed alien to hold not more than an acre of land for his residence, trade, or business. Also, an unlicensed alien may protect inherited land from forfeiture to the state if he sells it within one year of the inheritance or if he obtains a license to hold the land. The Act details the procedure under which a license for land tenure may be obtained by an alien or an alien company. Provisions are also laid out to cover the ownership of alien companies. Restrictions are made on attempts to evade the provisions of this Act by holding trusts in favor of aliens. Finally, a provision is made for the exemption of an alien or alien company from the provisions of this Act.^ieng

Executive Decree No. 13, 27 May 1988.

Among other things, this Decree provides that all employers are to have a work force 95% of which consists of workers of Panamanian origin or the foreign spouses of Panamanian citizens with 10 years' residence in Panama. The Decree also provides that foreign workers may not make up more than 12% of employees employed in specialized or technical jobs.

Act No. 18.620, 27 May 1987.

This Act approves the Labor Code, which contains the following major provisions: 1) discrimination on the basis of sex is prohibited in contracts of employment; 2) at least 85% of an employer's workers must be of Chilean nationality, including foreigners who have a Chilean spouse or children or who have been resident in Chile for more than five years; 3) women are guaranteed maternity leave with full pay and benefits for six weeks before delivery and 12 weeks afterwards, which can be increased as necessary if the woman becomes ill during pregnancy or after delivery, as demonstrated by a medical certificate; 4) a woman cannot renounce this leave, her position must be kept open during her absence, and her contract cannot be terminated for a year after maternity leave has ended without a judge's approval; 5) a mother is entitled to leave with full pay and benefits to care for a seriously ill child less than one year old, as demonstrated by a medical certificate; 6) during pregnancy, women who are occupied in work considered harmful to their health are to be transferred to other work without a reduction of salary; and 7) establishments that employ 20 or more workers are to provide child-care facilities where mothers can feed their children and the children can remain while the mothers work; the costs of these facilities are to be paid for by the employer.

Resolution No. 2478/87-DM setting forth requirements to grant an entry permit or residency of a permanent or temporary nature, 15 September 1987.

This Resolution of Argentina sets forth the following categories of persons as those who may be granted an entry permit or residency of a permanent or temporary nature under Decree 1434/87: 1) professionals, technicians, or specialized personnel whose admission is required to undertake their specialized duties for businesses, or persons whose solvency or economic or social activity is publicly recognized; 2) business persons, artists, or athletes contracted by a person of known solvency to undertake their specialized duties; 3) scientists, professors, writers, journalists, or persons of special importance to the cultural, social, or political order; 4) students who, according to the laws of their own country, have reached the age of majority; 5) religious persons belonging to recognized religions; 6) foreigners who are of special interest to the country because of their talents or personal circumstances; 7) immigrants who have sufficient capital to undertake a commercial, industrial agricultural, mining, or fishing activity; persons who deposit US $30,000 for not less than 120 days are considered to have sufficient capital; 8) parents, unmarried children, or spouses of Argentine citizens, foreigners resident temporarily and permanently in Argentina, or persons mentioned in 1) to 7) above. Under Resolution 700/88-DNM (National Director of Migration) of 3 March 1988, foreigners of European origin are included within category 6) above. See Boletin Oficial de la Republica Argentina, No. 26.495, 27 October 1988, p. 95. Under Resolution 179/88-MI (Minister of the Interior) of 19 February 1988, Resolution No. 2479/87-DNM, which suspended temporarily the authorization of entry permits, settling, and visitation for foreigners of Taiwanese origin, is without effect and the National Directorate of Migration is instructed to establish a system of strict control of such persons. See Boletin Oficial de la Republica Argentina, No. 26.495, 27 October 1988, pp. 26-27. Resolution No. 2364 (National Director of Migration) of 2 September 1988 sets forth rules on the migration status of persons who entered Argentina before Decree No. 1434/87 came into effect. Those who entered the country in compliance with regulations applicable at the time are to be given permanent or temporary residency. Most of those who entered illegally will have to leave. See Boletin Official de la Republica Argentina, No. 26.304, 13 January 1988, p. 3.

Decree No. 1991, Regulations to the Law on Foreigners, 30 June 1986.

Among other things, these Regulations set forth rules on requirements for visas established in the Ecuador Law on Foreigners. They list the amounts of income from abroad or investments in Ecuador required of foreigners entering Ecuador with immigrant visas, documents needed by persons working permanently in enterprises and institutions under immigrant visas, and methods of proof of dependency for persons entering on immigrant visas as dependents. In this context, they provide that persons with foreign income must receive at least $1,000 per month, with an increase of 80% Ecuadorian personnel; that persons entering as workers must inform authorities of changes in work status; and that persons entering as dependents may themselves work only if their sponsor dies or the means of subsistence of the sponsor decrease. The Regulations also set forth requirements for persons entering Ecuador on nonimmigrant visas, such as refugees, students, temporary workers, religious personnel, and those in transit. With respect to refugees, the rules provide that false statements made in an application will trigger an expulsion order; that foreign nationals coming from a country other than that where they suffered persecution will not be admitted unless they were in that country in direct transit; that refugees may not leave the country without express permission; and that, if the conditions justifying asylum change, a refugee will be required to leave the country. With respect to workers, the rules provide that an applicant must show a need for a foreign worker that cannot be fulfilled by an Ecuadorian worker and must show a work contract or appointment. With respect to those in transit, the rules provide that no visa is required and that entry will be denied to those lacking permission to enter the country of destination and transit through countries bordering Ecuador that are on their route. Persons in this category may stay in Ecuador for only a limited time--usually 10 days for persons en route and three months for visitors. The Regulations also contain provisions on the modification of immigration status, including the rule that the status of those in transit may not be modified. In addition, they set forth the functions of the Consultative Council on Migration Policy. Among these is the task of promoting internal migration to sparsely populated areas of the country.

Decree No. 299, 28 November 1985.

This Decree enacts the law on foreigners and sets forth the rights and duties of foreigners in El Salvador. Among its major provisions are the following: a) foreigners who participate directly or indirectly in the politics of El Salvador lose their right to reside in El Salvador; b) foreign nationals in El Salvador have the same rights as Salvadoran nationals, except for political rights, and the same obligations; c) foreigners have the same freedom to work as Salvadorans with no limitations other than those imposed by this Decree, the Labour Code, and other laws of El Salvador; and d) issues involving foreigners relating to marriage, paternity, civil status, the obligations between parents and children, and adoption are to be governed by Salvadoran laws.

Constitution, 29 March 1987.

PIP: This document contains provisions of Haiti's 1987 Constitution relating to the family; the protection of children, aliens, and refugees; and individual rights. The age of majority in Haiti is 18, and political and civil rights are attained at age 21 regardless of sex or marital status. Haitians are equal before the law but native-born Haitians who have never renounced their nationality have special advantages. Human rights are guaranteed in conformity with the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Man. Every citizen has the right to decent housing, education, food, and social security. The state is obligated to provide citizens with appropriate means to protect, maintain, and restore their health. Primary schooling is compulsory and free. Aliens in Haiti enjoy the protection offered citizens, including a limited right to own real property. Political refugees have a right to asylum. The family is considered the foundation of society and enjoys state protection regardless of whether the family is constituted within the bonds of marriage. Legal protection is afforded mothers, children, and the aged. The Constitution also calls for creation of a Family Code to ensure protection and respect for the rights of the family.^ieng