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1.
Ann Pathol ; 44(5): 346-352, 2024 Sep.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38965024

ABSTRACT

Formalin is the international gold-standard fixative in pathology laboratories. However it is not the ideal one considering its deleterious effects on individuals and the environment. Complete formalin removal or even substitution does not seem possible in the near future. In this update, we present various tools allowing to integrate the use of formalin into an ecocare approach. Among them, formalin recycling according to the protocol developed by the University Hospital of Bordeaux is simple to implement and delivers rapid and significant results, allowing pathology professionals to meet the sustainable development objectives included in the France 2030 agenda.


Subject(s)
Fixatives , Formaldehyde , Recycling , Humans , France , Pathology/methods , Pathology, Clinical/methods
2.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc ; 310: 123792, 2024 Apr 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38244431

ABSTRACT

Formaldehyde (FA) is a highly toxic substance present in many matrices, including freshwater as well as found in natural mechanisms such as rainfall and combustion of organic matter. Consumption of water contaminated with high levels of FA can cause severe short-term or long-term health problems. Due to these health risks, procedures are necessary to determine and quantify FA in aqua sources This paper reports on a study of fluorimetric determination of FA using a nickel(2 + )-diketonate coordination compound immobilized as a solid precursor. The compound was characterized by electronic absorption, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG), optical microscopy (OM), and scanner electron microscopy (SEM). The methodology was based on the reaction of the synthesized compound with an ammoniacal buffer generating a selective reagent for formaldehyde: fluoral-P. The product of the reaction generates 3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine (DDL), which is responsible for the fluorescence of the system. Several parameters such as temperature, duration of heating time, and dilution effect with the best effects were studied to carry out FA determination. Under the optimum experimental conditions, a linear response ranging from 1.0 to 10.0 mg/L FA (R = 0.997 and n = 10), and a detection (3σ criterion) and quantification (10 σ criterion) limit estimated at 0.129 and 0.389 mg/L, respectively were achieved. The FA analysis was able to be conducted in 05 min with a relative standard deviation estimated at 1.10 %.

3.
Cardiovasc Pathol ; 65: 107528, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36841268

ABSTRACT

Formalin-fixed whole heart specimens are essential for studying the anatomy of congenital heart defects. Because of the improvement in diagnostic imaging and treatment, and cultural transition, heart specimens with congenital heart defects have become more and more rare and irreplaceable but are at risk of accidental deterioration through dehydration during long-term storage. In this article, we share our experience in reconditioning our inadvertently dehydrated heart specimens using a simple Formol-Glycerol solution that allowed for rehydration and recovery of such specimens.


Subject(s)
Formaldehyde , Heart Defects, Congenital , Humans , Glycerol , Heart
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(3): 566-572, jun. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385673

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: La solución de formol es utilizada en las Escuelas de medicina como medio de fijación y conservación de cadáveres para el estudio de la Anatomía, a la que están expuestos estudiantes, técnicos y personal docente; es alergénica e irritante a las mucosas, y reconocida carcinogénica en humanos por International Agency for Research on Cancer (2006). El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar resultados cuantitativos y cualitativos entre corazones de Gallus gallus domesticus, luego de aplicarles soluciones con y sin formol. Se formaron dos grupos al azar, a uno se le aplicó solución de formol al 10 %, y al otro solución libre de formol. Se realizaron medidas antropométricas, organolépticas, y de fotografía (Pretest, durante y Postest). Se elaboró base datos en Microsoft Excel (2019), y su procesamiento en SPSS Statistics 2017 Versión 25. Para variables cuantitativas se aplicó la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk, y t-Student pareada. Para variables cualitativas el test Alfa de Cronbach, Chi cuadrado (X2) y los correspondientes coeficientes de asociación (D de Somers y Tau b de Kendal). Los resultados obtenidos de las variables peso, largo, y altura presentaron diferencia estadística significativa (p-valor <0,05), siendo diferente para el ancho y grosor de la pared del ventrículo izquierdo. Las variables color y consistencia presentaron diferencias significativa (p-valor <0,05). El olor irritante a las mucosas estuvo presente durante todo el estudio con la solución con formol. A la inspección, ninguno de los dos grupos presento colonización - descomposición. Se concluye que, los órganos en experimentación que se les aplicó solución libre de formol, presentaron mejores resultados con respecto a los que se les aplico formol al 10 %.


SUMMARY: The formaldehyde solution is used in medical schools as a means of fixing and preserving corpses for the study of Anatomy, to which students, technicians and teaching personnel are exposed; it is allergenic and irritant to the mucosa, and recognized as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (2006). The objective of the present study was to compare quantitative and qualitative results between Gallus gallus domesticus hearts, after applying solutions with and without formaldehyde. Two groups were formed at random, to one a 10 % formaldehyde solution was applied, and to the other formaldehyde- free solution. Anthropometric, organoleptic, and photographic measurements were carried out (Pretest, during and Posttest). A database was prepared in Microsoft Excel (2019), and its processing in SPSS Statistics 2017 Version 25. For quantitative variables, the Shapiro-Wilk test and t-Student paired were applied. For qualitative variables the Cronbach's Alpha test, Chi square (X2) and the corresponding association coefficients (Somers D and Kendal's Tau b). The results obtained from the variables weight, length, and height presented a statistically significant difference (p-value <0.05), being different for the width and thickness of the left ventricular wall. The variables color and consistency showed significant differences (p-value <0.05). The irritating smell to the mucous membranes was present throughout the study with the formaldehyde solution. Upon inspection, neither group showed colonization - decomposition. It is concluded that the organs in experimentation that were applied formaldehyde-free solution presented better results compared to those that were applied 10 % formaldehyde.


Subject(s)
Animals , Solutions/administration & dosage , Tissue Preservation/methods , Fixatives/pharmacology , Formaldehyde/administration & dosage , Heart/drug effects , Organ Preservation , Chickens , Anthropometry
5.
J Hepatol ; 76(2): 343-352, 2022 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34624411

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Microvascular invasion (MVI), a major risk factor for tumor recurrence after surgery in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is only detectable by microscopic examination of the surgical specimen. We aimed to define a transcriptomic signature associated with MVI in HCC than can be applied to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsies for use in clinical practice. METHODS: To identify a gene expression signature related to MVI by using NanoString technology, we selected a set of 200 genes according to the literature and RNA-sequencing data obtained from a cohort of 150 frozen HCC samples previously published. We used 178 FFPE-archived HCC samples, including 109 surgical samples for the training set and 69 paired pre-operative biopsies for the validation set. In 14 cases of the training set, a paired biopsy was available and was also analyzed. RESULTS: We identified a 6-gene signature (ROS1, UGT2B7, FAS, ANGPTL7, GMNN, MKI67) strongly associated with MVI in the training set of FFPE surgical HCC samples, with 82% accuracy (sensitivity 82%, specificity 81%, AUC 0.82). The NanoString gene expression was highly correlated in 14 paired surgical/biopsy HCC samples (mean R: 0.97). In the validation set of 69 FFPE HCC biopsies, the 6-gene NanoString signature predicted MVI with 74% accuracy (sensitivity 73%, specificity 76%, AUC 0.74). Moreover, on multivariate analysis, the MVI signature was associated with overall survival in both sets (hazard ratio 2.29; 95% CI 1.03-5.07; p = 0.041). CONCLUSION: We defined a 6-gene signature that can accurately predict MVI in FFPE HCC biopsy samples, which is also associated with overall survival, although its survival impact must be confirmed by extensive study with further clinical data. LAY SUMMARY: Microvascular invasion, a major risk factor for tumor recurrence after surgery in hepatocellular carcinoma, is only detectable by microscopic examination of a surgical specimen. In this study, we defined a relevant surrogate signature of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma that may be applied in clinical practice with routine tumor biopsy and integrated into the therapeutic strategy.


Subject(s)
Biopsy/statistics & numerical data , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology , Gene Expression/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Angiopoietin-Like Protein 7/analysis , Angiopoietin-Like Protein 7/blood , Angiopoietin-like Proteins/analysis , Angiopoietin-like Proteins/blood , Biomarkers/analysis , Biomarkers/blood , Biopsy/methods , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Female , France/epidemiology , Geminin/analysis , Geminin/blood , Gene Expression/physiology , Glucuronosyltransferase/analysis , Glucuronosyltransferase/blood , Humans , Ki-67 Antigen/analysis , Ki-67 Antigen/blood , Liver Neoplasms/blood , Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Microvessels/physiopathology , Middle Aged , Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/analysis , Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/blood , Proto-Oncogene Proteins/analysis , Proto-Oncogene Proteins/blood , fas Receptor/analysis , fas Receptor/blood
6.
BMC Infect Dis ; 21(1): 1047, 2021 Oct 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34627168

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In Ghana, Balantidium coli (B. coli) has been identified in vegetables and in pigs, although there is a paucity of data regarding human balantidiosis. This study sought to assess human B. coli infection in Ghana, factors associated with the infection as well as its association with haematological and biochemical parameters. METHODS: Two pig rearing communities in the Ga West Municipality, Ghana, were involved in this study. Stool and blood samples were collected from pig farmers and their exposed household members as well as relevant information on potential associated factors. Eosin-saline wet preparation was done on the same day of stool samples were collected while formol ether concentration technique was performed later. Haematological, biochemical parameters and serum electrolytes were determined using Celltac MEK-6500 K, PKL-125 biochemical analyser, and FT-320 electrolyte analyser, respectively. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of balantidiosis was 10.4 %, significantly higher among farmers (21.7 %) than in exposed household members (5.8 %) (x2 = 17.8, p = 0.000025). Of the 43 infected individuals, 20.9 % were co-infected with either Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, or Schistosoma mansoni. In B. coli infection, mild to moderate anaemia together with a reduction in levels of platelet, albumin and, sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate ions were observed. However, white blood cells were significantly elevated in infected states. Poor farming practices such as free-range systems, improper disposal of pig faeces, lack of use of protective farming clothing, and unavailability of dedicated farming clothing were found to be associated with B. coli infection status. Finally, frequent diarrhea (OR = 12.30, p = 0.006) with occult blood (OR = 25.94, p < 0.0001) were found to be predictors of B. coli infection. CONCLUSIONS: Human balantidiosis is endemic in Ga West Municipality, Ghana. Individuals living closed to pig rearing communities presenting with frequent diarrhea with occult blood in stool should be screened and treated for balantidiosis to mitigate the clinical consequences of the infection.


Subject(s)
Balantidiasis , Entamoeba histolytica , Animals , Ghana/epidemiology , Humans , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Swine
7.
Ann Pathol ; 41(3): 310-316, 2021 Jun.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33494953

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The department of neuropathology of Sainte-Anne Hospital uses zinc-formalin as the fixative agent for its samples. No publication referenced in Pubmed has proven the validity of this fixative agent. In the context of the accreditation of our standard staining (HPS for Hemalun-Phloxin-Saffron), we started a file for the validation of this method in which the fixative agent constitutes an « interfering ¼ substance which can modify the quality of the technique. The aim of this study was to prove that the use of zinc-formalin as a fixative agent is as suitable as the fixation with 4 % buffered formalin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort of samples fixed by zinc-formalin and by 4 % buffered formalin was performed on fresh samples, then cut and stained by HPS. The slides were interpreted by three pathologists (one of them was outside our centre)  ``blind '' to the fixative agent and they evaluated four criteria (general quality of the staining, components of the extracellular matrix, cytoplasmic details, and nuclear details) and scored them (from 0 to 3) according to the Association française en assurance qualité (AFAQAP) recommendations. RESULTS: The cohort included 43 samples. The results of the analysis showed that for samples fixed by zinc-formalin, three of the four criteria obtained significantly a better score than the samples fixed by classical formalin. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the zinc-formalin fixative does not constitute an  ``interfering '' agent for the quality of the HPS staining for neuropathological samples.


Subject(s)
Formaldehyde , Zinc , Fixatives , Humans , Staining and Labeling , Tissue Fixation
8.
Diagn Cytopathol ; 48(8): 745-751, 2020 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32400972

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Reporting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology within a narrow time frame is crucial as it is often indicated in critically ill patients and moreover, the cells in CSF are highly labile and tend to decline rapidly on standing. However, due to various logistic issues, delay in reporting is inevitable at times, especially if ancillary tools are required. In this study, we examine the effect of using formol saline and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a preservative on the cellular composition of CSF at 18, 24, and 48 hours of preservation. METHODS: Thirty CSF specimens were examined within 2 hours of collection and this reading was recorded as time zero reading. The CSF specimens were then divided in three tubes with: (a) preservative:CSF ratio of 1:1; (b) preservative:CSF ratio of 1:5; and (c) no preservative. Total and differential leucocyte counts and immunocytochemistry were performed on the three specimens at 18, 24, and 48 hours and were compared with the readings at 0 hour. RESULTS: Preserved CSF (in the ratio of 1:5) showed no significant decrease in the number of cells at 18 hours (P = .4), 24 hours (P = .3), and 48 hours (P = .1). Cellularity decreased by 8.5%, 22%, and 40% at 18, 24, and 48 hours, respectively. Cell morphology and antigenicity were well preserved at all the three time intervals. CONCLUSION: Formol saline and EDTA, when mixed with the CSF in the ratio of 1:5, can preserve significant cellularity for up to 24 hours.


Subject(s)
Cerebrospinal Fluid/cytology , Cytodiagnosis/methods , Fixatives , Tissue Preservation/methods , Child , Child, Preschool , Edetic Acid , Female , Formaldehyde , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Saline Solution , Specimen Handling
9.
Folia Morphol (Warsz) ; 79(2): 265-271, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31584179

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the usability of different fixative fluids in the detection of mast cells in ovaries and uteri of female dogs and cats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples were fixed in 4% formaldehyde, Carnoy's fluid, Mota's basic lead acetate and isotonic formaldehyde-acetic acid (IFAA). RESULTS: Mast cells (MCs) were detected by acidified toluidine blue staining and counted for various parts of the ovaries and uteri. In the ovaries of both species, the numbers of MCs were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in Carnoy than in formalin. No significant differences were found between Carnoy and Mota (tested only in cats). In the uterus, numbers of MCs were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in Carnoy, Mota and IFAA compared to formalin (canine endometrium, feline endometrium and feline myometrium), in Carnoy and Mota compared to formalin (canine myometrium) and in Mota compared to IFAA (feline myometrium). The majority of MCs were formalin-sensitive in the canine and feline uterus, in the canine ovary and in the feline cortex ovarii. In the feline medulla ovarii, the majority of MCs were formalin-resistant. No formalin-resistant MCs were detected in the feline tunica albuginea ovarii. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, using Mota's or Carnoy's fluid in the canine or feline female reproductive organs is recommended. This study improves methodology for all studies which clarify the role of MCs in the reproductive organs of the domestic and laboratory animals.


Subject(s)
Fixatives , Mast Cells , Ovary/cytology , Tissue Fixation/methods , Uterus/cytology , Animals , Cats , Dogs , Female
10.
BMC Res Notes ; 11(1): 245, 2018 Apr 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29661251

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The present cross-sectional study was aimed at determining the magnitude of under diagnosis of intestinal schistosomiasis among patients requested for routine ova/parasite examination at Ayder referral hospital. RESULTS: A total of 280 stool samples were collected and only 5% of the patients were positive for ova of Schistosoma mansoni in the routine direct wet mount microscopy. On the other hand, 12.5% of the patients were positive for ova Schistosoma mansoni when the stool samples were processed by either Kato Kat or formol ether concentration techniques. Moderate test agreement (κ = 0.48) was recorded for wet mount. Formol-ether concentration (κ = 0.89) and Kato-Katz (κ = 0.92) showed excellent agreements with the 'Gold' standard. Direct wet mount technique exhibited the poorest sensitivity (35%) of detection of ova of Schistosoma mansoni. Hence, the Kato-Katz technique should be implemented in parallel with the direct wet mount microscopy for Schistosoma mansoni presumptive patients.


Subject(s)
Clinical Laboratory Techniques/standards , Feces/parasitology , Schistosoma mansoni , Schistosomiasis mansoni/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ethiopia , Female , Formaldehyde , Hospitals/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Male , Microscopy/standards , Predictive Value of Tests , Referral and Consultation , Sensitivity and Specificity , Young Adult
11.
Rev. MED ; 25(2): 22-41, jul.-dic. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-977032

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: Las parasitosis intestinales causadas por geohelmintos son consideradas un problema de salud pública que afectan principalmente a países en va de desarrollo y son proclives a presentarse en población infantil. Los métodos diagnósticos para identificar estas entidades parasitarias son el coprológico directo y las técnicas de concentración. El método establecido por la Organización Mundial de la Salud-OMS para identificar y cuantificar geohelmintiasis es el Kato-Katz; sin embargo, este no permite realizarse en trabajos de campo con periodos de tiempo prolongados, debido a que su análisis debe llevarse a cabo en las primeras 48 horas de toma de la muestra de materia fecal. Objetivo: Implementar el uso del fijador SAF (Acetato de sodio - Ácido acético - Formaldehído) en la técnica de Kato-Katz-OMS y evaluar la estabilidad de las estructuras de las entidades parasitarias, después de un periodo de doce meses de toma muestra y realizar comparación con la técnica de concentración Ritchie-Frick modificada (formol-gasolina), para determinar los valores de sensibilidad-S, especificidad-E, valor predictivo positivo-VPP y negativo-VPN y determinar la prevalencia del parasitismo intestinal y sus posibles variables asociadas en la comunidad infantil en edad preescolar y escolar del municipio de Chaguaní Cundinamarca. Materiales y Métodos: Se analizaron 67 muestras correspondientes a toda la población infantil en edad preescolar y escolar del área urbana del municipio de Chaguaní Cundinamarca, las cuales fueron valoradas por los métodos de Kato-Katz-SAF y concentración de Ritchie-Frick modificada (formol-gasolina) y posterior análisis microscópico. Resultados: La prevalencia de geohelmintiasis fue de 46,3%, la técnica de Kato-Katz-SAF presentó valores de S, E, VPP y VPN del 100% y la técnica de concentración de Ritchie-Frick modificada (formol-gasolina) S 60,8%, E y VPP 100% respectivamente y VPN 62,1%; la prevalencia para protozoos por este método fue de 65,7% hallándose agentes etiológicos patógenos y de carácter zoonótico. Se identificó que las variables onicofagia, consumo de agua sin proceso de cloración o hervido, presencia de vectores mecánicos, convivencia con animales domésticos como caninos, hacinamiento en la vivienda y uso poco frecuente de calzado, son variables de posible asociación estadística con la presencia de entidades parasitarias. Se determinó nivel de parasitemia por geohelmintiasis leve para esta población. Conclusión: El estudio reveló que el uso del reactivo de SAF puede implementarse en trabajos de campo prolongados conservando los estadios infectivos de las entidades geohelmínticas como: Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura y Uncinarias por un periodo de hasta doce meses.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The intestinal parasitic diseases caused by geohelminths are considered a public health problem that primarily affect developing countries and are likely to occur in children. The diagnostic methods to identify these parasitic entities are the direct stool and concentration techniques. The method established by the World Organization of the Health-WHO to identify and quantify geohelmintiasis is the Kato-Katz; however, this does not occur in fieldwork with long periods of time, since analysis should be performed in the first 48 hours of the sampling of fecal matter. Objective: Implement the use of SAF fixative (sodium acetate - acetic acid - formaldehyde) in the technique of Ka-to-Katz-WHO and to assess the stability of the structures of the entities parasitic, after a period of twelve months of taking shows and make comparison with the technique of modified Ritchie-Frick (formol-gasoline) concentration, to determine the values of sensitivity-S, specificity-E, predictive value PPV-positive and negative-VPN and determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitism and its possible variables associated in the infant community preschool and in schools of the municipality of Chaguanín Cundinamarca. Materials and methods: 67 samples corresponding to the entire child population at preschool and school age of the urban area of the municipality of Chaguani in Cundinamarca, which were valued by the methods of Kato-Katz-SAF and concentration of modified Ritchie-Frick (formol-gasoline) and subsequent microscopic analysis. Results: The prevalence of geohelmintiasis was 46.3%, the technique of Kato-Katz-SAF presented values of S, E, VPP, and 100% and VPN technique of concentration of modified Ritchie-Frick (formol-gasoline) 60.8% S, E and VPP 100% respectively and VPN 62.1%; the prevalence for protozoa by this method was 65.7% being etiologic agents pathogenic and zoonotic character. It was identified as variables onicofagia, consumption of water without boiling or chlorination process, the presence of mechanical vectors, coexistence with domestic animals such as dogs, overcrowded housing and less frequent use of footwear, are variables of possible statistical association with the presence of parasitic entities. Level of parasitemia was determined by mild geohelmintiasis for this population. Conclusion: Study revealed that the use of SAF reagent can be deployed in field work extended to conserving the infective stages of entities as geohelminths: Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworms for a period of up to twelve months.


RESUMO Introdução: As doenças parasitárias intestinais causadas por geohelmintos são consideradas um problema de saúde pública que afeta principalmente os países em desenvolvimento e é provável que ocorram em crianças. Os métodos de diagnóstico para identificar essas entidades parasitas são as fezes diretas e as técnica de concentração. O método estabelecido pela Organização Mundial da Saúde-OMS para identificar e quantificar geohelmintiasis é o Kato-Katz; No entanto, isso não ocorre no trabalho de campo com longos períodos de tempo, uma vez que a análise deve ser realizada nas primeiras 48 horas da amostragem de matéria fecal. Objetivo: Implementar o uso de fixador SAF (acetato de sódio - ácido acético - formaldeído) na técnica de Kato-Katz-OMS e avaliar a estabilidade das estruturas das entidades parasitárias, após um período de doze meses de exibição e exibição comparação com a técnica de concentração modificada de Ritchie-Frick (formol-gasolina), para determinar os valores de sensibilidade-S, especificidade-E, valor preditivo PPV-positivo e VPN negativo e determinar a prevalência de parasitismo intestinal e suas possíveis variáveis associadas na comunidade pré-escolar da comunidade infantil e nas escolas do município de Chaguanín Cundinamarca. Materiais e métodos: 67 amostras correspondentes a toda a população infantil na idade pré-escolar e escolar da área urbana do município de Chaguani em Cundinamarca, que foram avaliadas pelos métodos de Kato-Katz-SAF e concentração de Ritchie-Frick modificado (formol -gasolina) e posterior análise microscópica. Resultados: A prevalência de geohelmintiasis foi de 46,3%, a técnica de Kato-Katz-SAF apresentou valores de S, E, VPP e 100% e VPN de concentração de Ritchie-Frick modificada (formol-gasolina) 60,8% S, E e VPP 100% respectivamente e VPN 62,1%; A prevalência de protozoários por este método foi de 65,7% sendo agentes etiológicos patogênicos e de caráter zoonótico. Identificou-se como variáveis onicofagia, consumo de água sem processo de ebulição ou cloração, presença de vetores mecânicos, coexistência com animais domésticos, como cães, carcaça superlotada e uso menos freqüente de calçados, variáveis de possível associação estatística com a presença de parasitas entidades. O nível de parasitemia foi determinado por geohelmintiasis leve para esta população. Conclusão: O estudo revelou que o uso do reagente SAF pode ser implantado em trabalhos de campo estendidos para conservar os estádios infecciosos das entidades como geohelminas: Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura e ancilostomídeos por um período de até 12 meses.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis , Child, Preschool , Colombia , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic
12.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 68(5): 1212-1218, set.-out. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-827909

ABSTRACT

Os fixadores biológicos desempenham um papel importante na qualidade final da histologia. Na rotina veterinária, a biópsia de pele é um procedimento comum e a escolha do fixador é primordial para resultado final adequado. Os fixadores mais usados são à base de formalina, ainda que sejam tóxicos, cancerígenos, de baixa penetração e de fixação lenta. Mesmo assim, não existe um fixador ideal que substitua as suas qualidades. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar qualitativamente a preservação das características histológicas de pele de cão utilizando diferentes fixadores de tecidos incluídos em parafina, cortados e corados pela hematoxilina-eosina. Utilizou-se uma caneta Punch de 4 milímetros para coletar amostras de pele de orelha em seis cadáveres de cães. Após coleta, os tecidos foram fixados em: (1) Bouin, durante seis horas; (2) Carnoy, durante quatro horas; (3) formaldeído tamponado 10% durante 24 horas, todos sob refrigeração (4ºC). Posteriormente, os tecidos foram processados, cortados e corados em hematoxilina e eosina. As lâminas foram avaliadas, às cegas, por quatro patologistas diferentes, que consideraram aspectos qualitativos a seguir: (1) qualidade da coloração; (2) preservação das características histológicas; e (3) preservação dos limites citoplasmáticos utilizando a escala de LIKERT de pontuação para cada lâmina. O fixador com a maior média de pontuação em todos os itens foi o formol tamponado com 3,76 pontos, seguido pelo Bouin (3,39) e pelo Carnoy (2,52). O formol pode trazer riscos à saúde do profissional que rotineiramente o manuseia, portanto se faz necessária a busca por fixadores com as mesmas qualidades, mas menos nocivos à saúde.(AU)


The biological fixatives have an important role in the final histology quality. In veterinary, routine skin biopsy is a common procedure and the choice of fixative is essential for the final result. The most common fixative is Formalin, even though it is toxic, carcinogenic, and has low and slow penetration. Still, there isn't a fixer which can replace the qualities of formalin. The aim of this study was to evaluate qualitatively the preservation of the histological features of dog skin using different tissue fixative embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin - eosin. We used a 4 mm punch pen to collect ear skin samples in six dog cadavers. After collection, the tissues were fixed in: (1) Bouin for 6 hours; (2) Carnoy for 4 hours; (3) 10% buffered formaldehyde for 24 hours, all under refrigeration (4 ° C). The tissues were then processed, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The slides were evaluated blindly by four different pathologists who considered the qualitative aspects below: (1) quality of coloring; (2) preservation of the histological characteristics; (3) preservation of cytoplasmic boundaries using a Likert scale score for each blade. The fixative with the highest mean score on all items was buffered formalin with 3.76 points followed by Bouin (3.39) and Carnoy (2.52). Formaldehyde can bring health a risk of professional routine handling, so it is necessary to search for a biological fixative with the same qualities being less harmful to health.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Ear/anatomy & histology , Fixatives/analysis , Formaldehyde/administration & dosage , Skin/anatomy & histology , Biopsy/veterinary , Histological Techniques/veterinary , Tissue Preservation/methods
13.
Ciênc. rural ; 45(9): 1613-1618, set. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-756432

ABSTRACT

Milk fraud has been a recurring problem in Brazil; thus, it is important to know the effect of most frequently used preservatives and neutralizing substances as well as the detection capability of official tests. The objective of this study was to evaluate the analytical sensitivity of legislation-described tests and nonspecific microbial inhibition tests, and to investigate the effect of such substances on microbial growth inhibition and the persistence of detectable residues after 24/48h of refrigeration. Batches of raw milk, free from any contaminant, were divided into aliquots and mixed with different concentrations of formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, chlorine, chlorinated alkaline detergent, or sodium hydroxide. The analytical sensitivity of the official tests was 0.005%, 0.003%, and 0.013% for formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorite, respectively. Chlorine and chlorinated alkaline detergent were not detected by regulatory tests. In the tests for neutralizing substances, sodium hydroxide could not be detected when acidity was accurately neutralized. The yogurt culture test gave results similar to those obtained by official tests for the detection of specific substances. Concentrations of 0.05% of formaldehyde, 0.003% of hydrogen peroxide and 0.013% of sodium hypochlorite significantly reduced (P<0.05) the microbial counts in milk after 24 and 48h refrigeration. Formaldehyde and sodium hypochlorite remained detectable in milk after 48 and 24h of refrigeration, respectively; while hydrogen peroxide could not be detected after 24h. Official tests for the detection of milk fraud by the addition of preservatives and neutralizing substances present limitations and may be ineffective in detecting milk adulteration

.

Fraudes no leite têm sido um problema recorrente no Brasil, tornando importante conhecer o efeito dos conservantes e neutralizantes utilizados com maior frequência, e a capacidade de detecção das provas oficiais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a sensibilidade analítica de provas descritas pela legislação, das provas por inibição microbiana inespecífica, o efeito dessas substâncias na inibição do crescimento microbiano e a persistência de resíduos detectáveis após 48 horas de refrigeração. Lotes de leite cru, livres de sustâncias adulterantes, foram aliquotados e adicionados de diferentes concentrações de formaldeído, peróxido de hidrogênio, hipoclorito de sódio, cloro, detergente alcalino clorado e hidróxido de sódio. A sensibilidade analítica das provas oficiais foi: 0,005% para formaldeído; 0,003% para peróxido de hidrogênio e 0,013% para hipoclorito. Cloro e detergente alcalino clorado não foram detectados pelas provas oficiais. A prova de neutralizantes não detectou hidróxido de sódio quando a acidez foi neutralizada com precisão. A prova da cultura de iogurte apresentou resultados próximos ao das provas oficiais para substâncias específicas. Concentrações de 0,05% formaldeído, 0,003% de peróxido de hidrogênio e 0,013% de hipoclorito de sódio reduziram significativamente (P<0,05) a microbiota do leite após 24 e 48 horas de refrigeração. O formaldeído e hipoclorito de sódio permaneceram detectável no leite após 48 e 24 horas de refrigeração, respectivamente e o peróxido de hidrogênio não foi detectável após 24 horas. As provas oficiais para a pesquisa de fraudes por adição de conservantes e neutralizantes ao leite apresentam limitações e podem não ser capazes de detectar adulterações no leite

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14.
Trop Doct ; 45(3): 178-82, 2015 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25883063

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The parasite load within the sample and the amount of sample taken during examination greatly compromise the sensitivity of direct saline stool microscopy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2011 in Bahir Dar city among 778 fresh single stool samples to evaluate the performance of direct saline (DS), Kato Katz (KK) and Formol ether concentration (FEC) methods against the 'Gold' standard. RESULT: Among 778 stool samples from school age children, the highest prevalence of intestinal parasites was recorded by FEC (55.1%). The sensitivity of DS, FEC and KK were 61.1%, 92.3% and 58.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: FEC is more sensitive than DS and KK. Hence, use of the latter is preferred.


Subject(s)
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ethiopia/epidemiology , Feces/parasitology , Female , Fixatives/chemistry , Formaldehyde/chemistry , Humans , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Male , Microscopy/methods , Prevalence , Sensitivity and Specificity , Sodium Chloride/chemistry
15.
Con-ciencia (La Paz) ; 1(1): 105-112, oct. 2013. ilus.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1178915

ABSTRACT

La producción mundial de jugos cítricos concentrados se estima en 2,6 millones de toneladas. El jugo de naranja representa el 88% del total. El mercado es liderizado por Brasil con el 50% del volumen elaborado, seguido por EEUU con el 40%. En Bolivia el mercado de frutas se encuentra en continuo crecimiento, tanto para importación como para consumo interno. Actualmente se comercializan bebidas a base de jugo de frutas tanto de importación como de fabricación nacional, las mismas que son sometidas a control por los Organismos Oficiales Ministerio de Salud y Deportes, y el Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria e Inocuidad Alimentaria - SENASAG bajo la Normativa Nacional e Internacional reconocida como es la Norma Boliviana y el Codex Alimentarius, al igual que todos los productos alimenticios para garantizar su calidad e inocuidad. El presente trabajo pretende determinar la genuinidad de los jugos comercializados en nuestro medio para lo cual el método por espectrofotometría fue el que nos permitió cuantificar la concentración de prolina como aminoácido predominante presente en la naranja. Actualmente el análisis laboratorial se basa principalmente en las determinaciones de parámetros fisicoquímicos que necesitan ser complementados con otros métodos analíticos como: la Cuantificación de Prolina por Espectrofotometría y el Indice de Formol propuestos en éste trabajo, capaces de determinar la genuinidad de jugos de naranja presentes en el comercio de la ciudad de La Paz, y así colaborar con los Organismos de Control para cumplir a cabalidad con la responsabilidad de garantizar que los productos consumidos por nuestra población cumplen con lo declarado en sus etiquetas. El estudio reveló que todas las muestras analizadas cumplen con lo establecido en los parámetros fisicoquímicos, mientras que en los parámetros de genuinidad sugeridos en el presente trabajo, el 62% cumple con los límites de referencia del índice de formol y sólo un 44% con los límites de prolina.


World production of citrus juice concentrates, is estimated at 2.6 million tonnes. Orange juice accounts for 88% of the total. The market is led by Brazil with 50% of the volume produced, followed by U.S. with 40%. In Bolivia the fruit market is still growing, both for imports and for domestic consumption Currently marketed drinks based on fruit juice both import and domestic manufacture, they are subject to control by government agencies Ministry of Health and Sports and the National Service of Agricultural Health and Food Safety - SENASAG under national and international standards is recognized as the Standard Bolivian and the Codex Alimentarius, like all food products to ensure quality and safety. This paper aims to determine the genuine from the juices marketed in our area for which the method was spectrophotometrically which allowed us to quantify the concentration of the amino acid praline as a dominant presence in the orange Currently, the laboratory analysis is mainly based on the determinations of physical and chemical parameters that need to be complemented by other analytical methods such as: Quantifying Proline by spectrophotometry, and Formol Index proposed in his work, able to determine the genuine orange juice in the trade of the city of La Paz, and collaborate with the supervisory bodies to fulfill the responsibility to ensure that the products consumed by our population satisfied with what was stated on their labels. The study revealed that all the samples tested complied with the parameters established physicochemical while in the parameters of genuine suggested in the present study, 62.5% comply with the limits of the reference rate of formol and only 43, 75% with the limits of proline.


Subject(s)
Spectrophotometry , Proline , Total Quality Management , Juices , Reference Standards , Fruit and Vegetable Juices , Formaldehyde , Amino Acids
16.
Acta amaz ; 43(2): 211-216, jun. 2013. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1455122

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of formalin and copper sulphate to controlm onogeneans injuvenile Hemigrammus spand its effect on leukocyte count. We used acompletely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. All treatments lasted for three days and consisted of: T1, control; T2 and T3 immersion bath for one hour in formalin, an of two concentrations of 0.25ml formalin and the other 0.1mlL-1; the T4 bath for 24 hours with 0,025 ml of formalin-L -1; and T5, bath 24 hours with copper sulphate (0.3 mgL-1). After the experimental period was observed that T2, 100% mortality. The T3 and T5 provided 100% efficiency, however, fish presented mortalities and intoxication of the 66 and 80% respectively. T4 showed an efficacy of 77.7% and decrease in parasitological indices: total number of parasites of 11, 3 ± 9, mean infection intensity of 3.2 ± 2 and a prevalence of 47.1%. As the leukocytes was observed that at T3, T4 and T5 occurred differences in the proportionof lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophilsas compared to control. The CuSO4 and formalin reduce the parasite load, but presented to be toxicat higher concentrations.


O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia da formalina e sulfato de cobre no controle de monogenéticos em juvenis de Hemigrammus sp e seu efeito na contagem diferencial de leucócitos. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 5 tratamentos e 3 repetições. Todos os tratamentos tiveram duração de três dias e corresponderam a: T1, controle; T2 e T3 banho por imersão de uma hora em formalina, em duas concentrações uma de 0,25 ml e outra 0,1 ml formalina L-1; o T4, banho de 24 horas com 0,025 ml de formalina L-1; e o T5, banho de 24 horas com sulfato de cobre (0,3 mg L-1). Após o período experimental observou-se que em T2 ocorreu 100% de mortalidade. O T3 e T5 proporcionaram eficácia de 100%, porém os peixes apresentaram intoxicação e mortalidades de 66 e 80%, respectivamente. T4 apresentou eficácia de 77,7% e diminuição dos índices parasitológicos: número total de parasitos de 11,3± 9, intensidade média de infecção de 3,2± 2 e prevalência de 47,1%. Quanto aos leucócitos observou-se que no T3, T4 e T5 ocorreram diferenças na proporção de linfócitos, monócitos e neutrófilos em relação ao controle. O CuSO4 e a formalina reduzem a carga parasitária, mas apresentaram-se tóxicos nas maiores concentrações.


Subject(s)
Animals , Characidae/parasitology , Leukocyte Count/veterinary , Formaldehyde/analysis , Copper Sulfate/analysis , Poisoning/veterinary
17.
Int. j. morphol ; 30(2): 432-438, jun. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-651810

ABSTRACT

Las técnicas de fijación y conservación anatómica son realizadas habitualmente con soluciones que contienen formol, dado su bajo costo. Estas tienen varias desventajas como el olor irritante, rigidez, cambios de coloración de las estructuras, así como toxicidad con potencial cancerígeno, teratogénico y mutagénico para quien lo manipula. Por esto, es deseable utilizar soluciones sin formol. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar 2 métodos de conservación cadavérica, uno con formol (solución de Montevideo) y otro sin formol (método de Prives) utilizando la placenta humana como órgano experimental, evaluando sus parámetros macroscópicos. Se utilizaron 46 placentas humanas de partos normales y gestación a término. Las placentas fueron separadas en dos grupos (n=22 y n=24 respectivamente). El primer grupo de placentas fue perfundido con una solución con formol y el segundo grupo en una solución sin formol. Luego ambos grupos fueron sumergidos y mantenidos en sus soluciones respectivas por dos semanas y posteriormente retiradas dejándolas al aire a temperatura ambiente por 2 semanas más. Se analizaron las variables cuantitativas de peso y diámetro en cada una de las piezas, así como las variables cualitativas de consistencia, color, olor y crecimiento de micro/macro organismos. La recopilación de datos fue realizada previo al lavado, a los 14, 21 y 28 días. Los resultados mostraron que las placentas conservadas con el método de Prives presentaron mejor conservación en relación a su diámetro, consistencia, color y menor olor irritante en relación a las placentas tratadas con solución con formol. En ningún caso hubo crecimiento de micro o macroorganismos. En conclusión, emplear soluciones alternativas que sustituyan ventajosamente al formol como la fórmula de Prives conservan mejor las características macroscópicas de las placentas sin generar un olor irritante, deteniendo el proceso de descomposición.


The fixation and conservation techniques of anatomic material are commonly performed with solutions containing formaldehyde, given its low cost. These have several disadvantages such as the irritating odor, stiffness, discoloration of the structures, toxicity, carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic risk for those who are exposed. Therefore it is desirable to use solutions without formaldehyde. The aim of this study was to compare 2 methods of anatomical conservation, one with formalin (Montevideo's solution) and one without formalin (Prives method) using the human placenta as an experimental organ model evaluating its macroscopic parameters. We used 46 human placentas from normal deliveries and term pregnancy. The placentas were separated into two groups (n=22 and n=24 respectively). The first group of placentas was perfused with formaldehyde solution and the second group in a solution without formaldehyde. Then both groups were immersed and maintained in their respective solutions for two weeks and then withdrawn leaving the air at room temperature for 2 weeks. Quantitative variables were analyzed for weight and diameter of each piece, and qualitative variables as consistency, color, odor and growth of micro/macro organisms were evaluated. Data collection was performed prior to washing at 14, 21 and 28 days. The results showed that conserved placentas with Prives method showed better conservation in relation to its diameter, consistency, color and less irritating odor in relation to placentas treated with formalin solution. In no case was growth of micro or macro organism. In conclusion, using advantageously at alternative solutions to formaldehyde, as the formula of Prives method, better preserved macroscopic characteristics of placentas without generating an irritating smell, stopping the decomposition process.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anatomy/methods , Tissue Preservation/methods , Formaldehyde , Organ Preservation Solutions , Placenta/anatomy & histology , Fixatives , Organ Preservation/methods , Time Factors
18.
Rev. med. vet. (Bogota) ; (22): 51-55, jul.-dic. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-613735

ABSTRACT

El presente estudio, realizado en el área de Anatomía, se basó en la búsqueda de una alternativa diferente al formol para la conservación de piezas anatómicas, teniendo en cuenta sustancias menos agresivas con el medioambiente, y buscando una disminución en el número de animales destinados para el estudio anatómico. Por otra parte, se realizó el diseño y la elaboración de modelos anatómicos en diferentes materiales como yeso, acrílico, látex y resinas para su utilización como herramienta didáctica en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura; así mismo, se dio inicio a la plastinación de algunos órganos a fin de permitir su conservación y estudio de la forma más natural posible...


This study, which was carried out in the field of Anatomy, was based on the search of an alternative to formol in the preservation of anatomic pieces, taking less aggressive substances for the environment into consideration and aiming to decrease the number of animals destined for the study of anatomy. On the other hand, anatomic models were designed and elaborated in differential materials, such as plaster, acrylic, latex and resin, in order to be used as an educational tool in the subject’s teaching-learning process. Likewise, the plastination process of certain organs began so as to allow their preservation and study in the most natural way possible...


O presente estudo, realizado na área de Anatomia, baseou-se na busca de uma alternativa diferente ao formol para a conservação de peças anatômicas, usando substâncias menos agressivas com o meio-ambiente, e procurando uma diminuição no número de animais destinados para o estudo anatômico. Por outra parte, realizou-se o desenho e a elaboração de modelos anatômicos em diferentes materiais como gesso, acrílico, látex e resinas para sua utilização como ferramenta didática no processo ensino-aprendizagem da matéria; da mesma forma iniciou-se a plastinação de alguns órgãos com o fim de permitir sua conservação e estudo da forma mais natural possível...


Subject(s)
Humans , Anatomy , Latex , Resins , Calcium Sulfate
19.
J. bras. patol. med. lab ; 47(5): 541-548, out. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-604377

ABSTRACT

Os avanços tecnológicos e metodológicos da biologia molecular criaram a possibilidade de obter DNA de amostras teciduais estocadas em blocos de parafina, alternativa esta que permite estudos retrospectivos de grandes bancos de tecidos contendo inúmeras doenças raras. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a realização de uma breve revisão de alguns fatores inerentes à qualidade do produto extraído proveniente de blocos de parafina armazenados. Os processos envolvidos nas fases de prefixação, fixação, pós-fixação apresentam aspectos que são causa de resultados de produtos finais insatisfatórios. Na fase de prefixação, alterações bioquímicas influenciam na preservação das macromoléculas. As mudanças moleculares causadas pelos fixadores para evitar autólise celular podem ser um limitante no momento da extração de DNA. A qualidade do DNA obtido nas duas primeiras fases é considerada importante para os procedimentos de pós-fixação (extração e purificação do DNA). Existem na literatura vários protocolos, com diferentes passos que podem ser modificados, para a obtenção de DNA de material parafinado. Assim, a compreensão das reações em cada fase é importante para solucionar ou minimizar problemas, que influenciam na qualidade das macromoléculas de DNA.


Technological and methodological advances in molecular biology have enabled the obtainment of DNA from paraffin embedded tissue, thus allowing the use of extensive pathological archive sources and samples of uncommon diseases in retrospective studies. The aim of this work was to carry out a brief review of some factors inherent in the quality of product from paraffin embedded material. The processes involved in the pre-fixation, fixation and post-fixation phases have several aspects that may result in unsatisfactory final products. In the pre-fixation phase, biochemical changes influence the preservation of macromolecules. The molecular changes caused by fixation, an attempt to prevent cell autolysis, may be a limiting factor at the time of DNA extraction. The quality of DNA obtained in the first two phases is regarded important for post-fixation procedures (DNA extraction and purification). In the literature there are several protocols whose steps can be modified to obtain DNA from paraffin embedded material. Therefore, the understanding of reactions at each stage is important in order to solve or minimize problems that interfere in the quality of DNA macromolecules.


Subject(s)
Biological Specimen Banks/standards , DNA , Tissue Fixation/standards , Paraffin Embedding , Quality Control
20.
J Food Sci Technol ; 48(5): 610-5, 2011 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23572795

ABSTRACT

Idli is a traditional fermented rice and black gram based food. Idli batter is prepared by soaking polished parboiled rice and decorticated black gram for 4 h at 30 ± 1 °C in water. The soaked mass was ground using a grinder with adequate amount of water. The blend ratios of 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 (w/w) batter were allowed for fermentation for different periods with the addition of 2% (w/w) of salt. The rheology of the product was assessed using a Brookfield Viscometer having disc spindles. Shear stress values were in the range of 0.22 and 4 Pa and reached a maximum value at 7 h of fermentation. The density, pH, and percentage total acidity of batter during fermentation for different blend ratios ranged between 0.93 and 0.59 gm cm(-3), 4.21 and 5.9 and 0.44 and 0.91% respectively. During fermentation, maximum production of riboflavin and thiamine were found to be 0.76 mg/100 gm and 0.73 mg/100 gm in 3:1 blend ratio of idli batter; and the folic acid content was found to be at a maximum of 0.75 mg/100 gm of idli batter after 10 h of fermentation. Digestibility in terms of amino N2 content was analysed by formol titration.

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