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1.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38642739

ABSTRACT

Osteoporosis is a metabolic and systemic disease characterized by alterations at the level of bone tissue with loss of bone mineral density, changes in microarchitecture, mineralization and remodeling that determine greater bone fragility and risk of fracture. Falls in the elderly are a risk factor closely related to fragility fractures and numerous studies demonstrate this relationship. Vertebral fractures are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The epidemiology differs from osteoporotic fractures at other skeletal sites, as only one-third are clinically recognized. In the elderly, the approach to osteoporotic vertebral fracture involves comprehensive evaluation of the patient, since it is both a cause and a consequence of multiple geriatric syndromes. This fracture, in its acute phase and subsequently, can lead to destabilization of other organs and systems of the elderly, medical complications at different levels, functional deterioration, dependence, and even the need for institutionalization. Therefore, it is important to carry out a multiple assessment of patients with vertebral fractures, addressing not only the history and risk factors of osteoporosis, but also those factors that lead to falls, as well as a comprehensive geriatric assessment and the complications closely associated with it. In this chapter we address each of these aspects that are necessary in the individual and multidimensional approach to the elderly patient with vertebral fracture due to bone fragility.

2.
Rev. osteoporos. metab. miner. (Internet) ; 15(4): 135-143, oct.-dic. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-229298

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: dada la repercusión que tienen las fracturas por fragilidad y sus secuelas en la vida de las mujeres con osteoporosis posmenopáusica (OPM), el objetivo de este estudio es describir y analizar su impacto en esta población. Material y métodos: se realizó una encuesta a mujeres posmenopáusicas con fractura por fragilidad en un diseño observacional transversal. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, impacto de la fractura (necesidad de cuidados, productividad laboral), calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS, mediante cuestionario QUALEFFO-31) y disposición a pagar (DAP) por recuperarla. Resultados: participaron 120 mujeres, promedio de edad 62 ± 7 años. Las fracturas más frecuentes fueron las de radio distal (29,9 %) y las vertebrales (21,3 %). Un 53,3 % necesitó cuidados durante su recuperación (76,5 % informales; 24,9 % formales) y un 4,2 % tuvo que ingresar en un centro/residencia sociosanitaria. De aquellas que trabajaban cuando se produjo la fractura (62,5 %), el 56 % vio su vida laboral afectada (69,3 % incapacidad temporal; 17,3 % incapacidad permanente; 10,7 % reducción de jornada; 10,7 % abandono laboral; 5,3 % permiso/excedencia; 3,6 % prejubilación). El impacto de la fractura se debió principalmente al dolor (71,7 %), dificultad para realizar actividades cotidianas (48,3 %), problemas de movilidad (46,7 %) y estado emocional (41,7 %). La mayor DAP se ofreció por recuperar la capacidad para realizar actividades cotidianas y el estado emocional. La puntuación total QUALEFFO-31 (0-100) fue 49,9 ± 10,8 (función mental: 68,3 ± 7,3; dolor: 56 ± 22,6; función física: 39,3 ± 15,5). Conclusiones: las fracturas por fragilidad tienen un alto impacto en la calidad de vida de las mujeres con OPM. Resulta fundamental poner en valor aquellos aspectos que más les preocupan para optimizar su abordaje. (AU)


Objective: Given the impact of fragility fractures and their consequences on the lives of women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO), the objective of this study is to describe and analyze the impact of this kind of fractures on this population. Materials and methods: A survey was conducted among postmenopausal women with fragility fractures in a cross-sectional observational design. Sociodemographic variables, fracture impact (need for care, work productivity), and data on health-related quality of life (HRQoL, assessed using the QUALEFFO-31 questionnaire), and willingness to pay (WTP) to regain HRQoL were collected. Results: A total of 120 women participated, with a mean age of 62 ± 7 years. The most frequent fractures described were distal radius fractures (29.9 %), followed by vertebral fractures (21.3 %). A total of 53.3 % required care during their recovery (76.5 %, informal; 24.9 %, formal), and 4.2 % had to be admitted to a health care or nursing home. Among those who were working when the fracture occurred (62.5 %), 56 % had their working life affected (69.3 %, temporary disability; 17.3 %, permanent disability; 10.7 %, reduced working hours; 10.7 %, quit their jobs; 5.3 %, leave of absence; and 3.6 %, early retirement). The impact of the fracture was primarily due to pain (71.7 %), difficulty performing activities of daily living (48.3 %), mobility problems (46.7 %), and emotional state (41.7 %). The highest WTP was offered to regain the ability to perform activities of daily living and improve the emotional state. The overall QUALEFFO-31 score (0-100) was 49.9 ± 10.8 (mental function, 68.3 ± 7.3; pain, 56 ± 22.6; physical function, 39.3 ± 15.5). Conclusions: Fragility fractures play a significant role on the quality of life of women with PMO. It is of paramount importance to value the aspects that concern them the most to optimize their management. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Osteoporotic Fractures/classification , Osteoporotic Fractures/epidemiology , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/complications , Osteogenesis Imperfecta , Quality of Life , Health Care Costs , Postmenopause
3.
Rev. osteoporos. metab. miner. (Internet) ; 15(2): 72-80, Abr-Jun 2023. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-222675

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la adherencia al tratamiento antiosteoporótico es fundamental para que la eficacia de los fármacos sereproduzca en la práctica clínica y es un objetivo prioritario para las fracture liaison service (FLS).Objetivos: describir el seguimiento y la adherencia al tratamiento de los pacientes atendidos por nuestra FLS, así comoconocer las causas de finalización del seguimiento.Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo transversal de los pacientes > 50 años con fractura osteoporóticaatendidos en una FLS de 2016 a 2020. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo de las variables recogidas mediante elprograma SPSS.Resultados: la muestra fue de 1280 pacientes; el 86,2 % fueron mujeres y el 13,8 % hombres, de los cuales solo un 26,7 %habían recibido tratamiento antiosteoporótico previo. Tras la inclusión en la FLS hubo un incremento de un 59,6 % de pacien-tes a los que se les instauró tratamiento antiosteoporótico y, respecto al suplemento, hubo un aumento de un 42,6 %. Sellevaron a cabo cuatro seguimientos (a los 5,4 meses, 14,5 meses, 24,3 meses y a los 33,8 meses), obteniendo una buenaadherencia al tratamiento del 72,1 %, 80,6 %, 83,1 % y 83,7 % respectivamente y de los suplementos del 90,1 %, 90 %,88,2 % y 87,1 % respectivamente. Además, las causas de finalización de seguimiento fueron el cumplimiento del programade seguimiento (21,48 %), éxitus (11,02 %), seguimiento por Atención Primaria (9,53 %), por decisión del paciente (6,48 %),por decisión médica (3,83 %), tratamiento no indicado (3,13 %) y por imposibilidad de realizar el seguimiento (2,73 %)Conclusiones: la inclusión de estos pacientes en una FLS refleja un alto porcentaje de buena adherencia y mejora elporcentaje de pacientes con fractura osteoporótica a los que se les instaura tratamiento. La causa más frecuente para lafinalización del seguimiento fue su continuación por Atención Primaria.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Treatment Adherence and Compliance , Osteoporotic Fractures , Primary Health Care , Therapeutics , Fractures, Bone/drug therapy , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies
4.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol ; 57(4): 205-211, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35872030

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: There are few studies on Fracture Liaison Service (FLS) that evaluate older patients after a hip fracture (HF) through comprehensive geriatric assessment. We aim to determine these patients' characteristics, outcomes, and prescribed treatments. METHODS: A retrospective observational study of a cohort of patients older than 65 years admitted with HFs to an orthogeriatric unit between February 25th (2013) and December 16th (2016). After hospitalization, those patients with a good baseline social, functional, and cognitive situation were referred to the FLS. A comprehensive geriatric assessment and treatment adjustment were conducted. A comparison between FLS patients and HF patients non-referred was made. RESULTS: From 1887 patients admitted to the orthogeriatric unit, 469 (23%) were referred to the FLS. Of those, 335 were women (77.2%) and 337 (77.6%) lived in the community. The FLS patients had a better functional status (97.1% of the patients with independent gait versus 79.2%) than non-FLS patients (p<0.001). After 3 months in the FLS, 356 (82%) patients had independent gait and had improved their analytical values. Antiosteoporotic treatment was prescribed to 322 patients (74%), vitamin D supplements to 397 (91.5%), calcium to 321 (74%), and physical exercise to 421 (97%). CONCLUSIONS: Patients referred to an FLS were younger, with a better functional and cognitive situation. At hospital discharge, they frequently presented gait impairment and laboratory abnormalities (anemia, hypoproteinemia, vitamin D deficiency) that presented good recovery due to the patient's previous baseline. These patients benefit from comprehensive treatment (pharmacological and non-pharmacological).


Subject(s)
Bone Density Conservation Agents , Hip Fractures , Osteoporosis , Osteoporotic Fractures , Aged , Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use , Female , Hip Fractures/etiology , Humans , Male , Osteoporosis/drug therapy , Vitamin D
5.
Rev. osteoporos. metab. miner. (Internet) ; 14(2): 93-97, julio 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-210545

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es presentar la actuación, tratamiento y resultados funcionales obtenidos en una Unidad de Prevención de Fracturas y Caídas.Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo descriptivo de pacientes, con fractura osteoporótica previa, atendidos entre el 25 de abril de 2016 y el 20 de noviembre de 2017.Resultados: Se han analizado 43 pacientes con edad media 80,2 años (DS±5,19), mujeres 81,40% (n=35). Número de fracturas 61, 28% de cadera (n=17), 25% vertebrales (n=15) y 21% distales de radio (n=13). Al alta mejoran todas las escalas de valoración utilizadas, destacando los resultados del SPPB (39,80%), TUG (30,66%) y Tinetti (21,60%).Conclusiones: El paciente atendido corresponde a mujer de 80,2 años, con fractura de cadera, Tinetti 22:09, Daniels en Extremidades de 3,95, 4:05, 3,81, 3,91, SPPB de 6,63, TUG de 17,81 y FIM de 87,19 puntos.Se objetiva mejora en la puntuación de todas las escalas valoradas. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Osteogenesis Imperfecta , Osteoporosis , Risk Factors , Muscle Weakness , Frailty , Aged , Patients , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prospective Studies
6.
Rev. esp. geriatr. gerontol. (Ed. impr.) ; 57(4): 205-211, jul. - ago. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-208404

ABSTRACT

Introduction: There are few studies on Fracture Liaison Service (FLS) that evaluate older patients after a hip fracture (HF) through comprehensive geriatric assessment. We aim to determine these patients’ characteristics, outcomes, and prescribed treatments.Methods: A retrospective observational study of a cohort of patients older than 65 years admitted with HFs to an orthogeriatric unit between February 25th (2013) and December 16th (2016). After hospitalization, those patients with a good baseline social, functional, and cognitive situation were referred to the FLS. A comprehensive geriatric assessment and treatment adjustment were conducted. A comparison between FLS patients and HF patients non-referred was made.Results: From 1887 patients admitted to the orthogeriatric unit, 469 (23%) were referred to the FLS. Of those, 335 were women (77.2%) and 337 (77.6%) lived in the community. The FLS patients had a better functional status (97.1% of the patients with independent gait versus 79.2%) than non-FLS patients (p<0.001). After 3 months in the FLS, 356 (82%) patients had independent gait and had improved their analytical values. Antiosteoporotic treatment was prescribed to 322 patients (74%), vitamin D supplements to 397 (91.5%), calcium to 321 (74%), and physical exercise to 421 (97%).Conclusions: Patients referred to an FLS were younger, with a better functional and cognitive situation. At hospital discharge, they frequently presented gait impairment and laboratory abnormalities (anemia, hypoproteinemia, vitamin D deficiency) that presented good recovery due to the patient's previous baseline. These patients benefit from comprehensive treatment (pharmacological and non-pharmacological). (AU)


Introducción: Hay pocos estudios sobre las unidades de coordinación de fracturas (Fracture Liaison Services [FLS]) que evalúen a pacientes mayores tras una fractura de cadera (FC) a través de una valoración geriátrica integral. Nuestro objetivo es determinar las características de estos pacientes, los resultados y los tratamientos prescritos.Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de una cohorte de mayores de 65años ingresados tras fractura de cadera (FC) entre el 25 de febrero de 2013 y el 31 de diciembre de 2016 en una unidad de ortogeriatría. Tras el alta hospitalaria, los pacientes con buen soporte social y buena situación funcional y cognitiva fueron citados en la FLS. Se realizó una evaluación geriátrica integral y un ajuste del tratamiento. Dichos pacientes se compararon con pacientes con fractura de cadera no derivados a esta unidad.Resultados: Un total de 1.887 pacientes ingresaron en la unidad de ortogeriatría, y 469 (23%) fueron derivados a la FLS. De ellos, 335 fueron mujeres (77,2%) y 337 (77,6%) vivían en el domicilio. Los atendidos en la FLS tuvieron mejor funcionalidad (97,1% de pacientes con deambulación independiente versus 79,2%) que los no incluidos (p<0,001). A los 3meses en la FLS, 356 (82%) pacientes presentaban deambulación independiente y habían mejorado sus valores analíticos. Se prescribieron antiosteoporóticos a 332 pacientes (74%), suplementos de vitaminaD a 397 (91,5%), calcio a 321 (74%) y ejercicio físico a 421 (97%).Conclusiones: Los pacientes atendidos en una FLS fueron más jóvenes, con mejor situación funcional y cognitiva. Al alta hospitalaria, frecuentemente presentaron inestabilidad de la marcha y alteraciones analíticas (anemia, hipoproteinemia, déficit de vitamina D) que tuvieron buena evolución dado el estado previo del paciente. Estos pacientes se benefician de un tratamiento integral (farmacológico y no farmacológico). (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Hip Fractures/drug therapy , Hip Fractures/prevention & control , Secondary Prevention , Retrospective Studies , Aging
7.
Rev. cuba. ortop. traumatol ; 36(2): e478, abr.-jun. 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1409061

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El rápido crecimiento de la población geriátrica va aparejado al aumento de fracturas por fragilidad. Ello crea la necesidad de un programa integral para el tratamiento del paciente anciano con fracturas por fragilidad y del extremo superior del fémur. Los modelos de comanejo ortogeriátrico son empleados en muchos países. Objetivo: Presentar los distintos modelos de atención ortogeriátrica y analizar el modelo de comanejo de pacientes geriátricos con fracturas por fragilidad, principalmente la fractura del extremo superior del fémur. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos PubMed de trabajos publicados entre los años 2010-2020 con los términos: modelos de atención ortogeriátrica, comanejo de pacientes ortopédicos geriátricos, comanejo de fracturas por fragilidad y comanejo ortogeriátrico en fracturas del extremo superior de fémur. Conclusiones: El modelo de comanejo de las fracturas por fragilidad y de fémur proximal da como resultado una estadía hospitalaria más corta, tasas de reingreso y de complicaciones más bajas y una tasa de mortalidad menor a la esperada, por lo cual ofrece muchos beneficios para pacientes, médicos y sistema de salud(AU)


Introduction: The rapid growth of the geriatric population is coupled with the increase in fragility fractures. This creates the need for a comprehensive program for the treatment of the elderly patient with fragility fractures and fractures of the upper end of the femur. Orthogeriatric co-management models are used in many countries. Objective: To present the different models of orthogeriatric care and to analyze the model of co-management of geriatric patients with fragility fractures, mainly fractures of the upper end of the femur. Methods: A search was made in the PubMed database of works published in the years 2010-2020 with the terms orthogeriatric care models, co-management of geriatric orthopedic patients, co-management of fragility fractures and co-management orthogeriatric in fractures of the upper end of the femur. Conclusions: The co-management model for fragility and proximal femur fractures results in a shorter hospital stay, lower readmission and complication rates, and a lower-than-expected mortality rate, thus offering many benefits for patients, doctors and health system(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Femoral Neck Fractures/therapy , Femoral Neck Fractures/epidemiology
8.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 31(1): 42-49, ene.-feb. 2020. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1223303

ABSTRACT

Las personas mayores con fractura de cadera tienen un aumento del riesgo de mortalidad de 5 a 8 veces por todas las causas, y un riesgo mucho mayor de institucionalización por pérdida funcional, ya que solo el 50% de los pacientes que sobreviven, recuperan la actividad de la vida diaria previa a la fractura. Las intervenciones para prevenir dichos resultados, incluyendo una segunda fractura, se transforma en el objetivo principal en estos pacientes. El modelo de atención de ortogeriatría es un enfoque de atención multidimensional para los pacientes que sufren una fractura de cadera, que por lo general, es secundario a una caída desde su propia altura, conocida como fractura por fragilidad. Este modelo de atención desarrollado por geriatras y traumatólogos con la asistencia de un equipo multidisciplinario, incluye una evaluación integral perioperatoria y un equipo de enfermería centrada en la función premórbida del paciente, la cognición, las comorbilidades, que permite crear un plan individualizado, para ser monitorizado y asegurar su cumplimiento, los primeros dos años después de la fractura. Este esquema de trabajo ha demostrado mejorar el retorno a la función previa y la disminución de la mortalidad, con un costo reducido o un aumento de utilidad expresada en calidad de vida, por lo que es la atención más rentable para los pacientes que sufren una fractura de cadera.


Older people with hip fracture have an increased risk of mortality 5 to 8 times, for all causes and a much higher risk of institutionalization due to functional loss, because only 50% of patients who survive, recover the activity of daily life before the fracture. Interventions to prevent such results, including a second fracture, become the principal objective in these patients. The orthogeriatric care model, is a multidimensional approach for patients who suffer a hip fracture, which is usually secondary to a fall from their own height, known as a fragility fracture. This model of care developed by geriatricians and traumatologists with help of a multidisciplinary team, includes a comprehensive perioperative assessment and a nursing team focused on the premorbid patient state, cognition, comorbidities, which allows creating an individualized plan, to be monitored and ensure compliance, the first 2 years. This work scheme has been shown to improve the return of the function and the reduction of mortality at a reduced cost or an expressed utility in quality of life, making it the most cost-effective care for patients suffering from a hip fracture.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Fractures, Bone/prevention & control , Fractures, Bone/epidemiology , Geriatrics/organization & administration , Patient Care Team , Frail Elderly , Hip Fractures/surgery , Hip Fractures/economics
9.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol ; 53(2): 81-84, 2018.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28784246

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of pelvic fracture (PF) due to frailty is increasing, leading to an increase in functional impairment in the patient, as well as increasing morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study is to gain knowledge about the sociodemographic characteristics, as well as the functional features, of patients admitted to hospital with PF and evaluated by a Geriatrics department. The functional burden of PF and the potential influence of geriatric interventions are also assessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study conducted between 1995 and 2015 on all patients older than 65 years old with PF admitted to the Traumatology department, and then assessed in the Geriatrics Department. Sociodemographic information was also collected (age, gender and place of residence), as well as data from the geriatric assessment (baseline situation and at hospital admission), hospital stay, within hospital mortality, and discharge. RESULTS: The study included 271 patients with a mean age of 81.1±7 years, and mainly women (81.2%). The median hospital stay was 9 days (interquartile range 5 to 14 days). The ability to walk independently decreased after PF from 72.3% to 3.6%. Severe disability cases increased in activities of daily living from 7.9% to 79.5%. Within hospital mortality was 2.2%. As regards medical follow-up consultations, the mean length of stay was significantly reduced compared to the assessment consultations (10.0±7.8 vs 16.1±12.0 days, P<.001) CONCLUSION: PF patients evaluated by the Geriatrics Department were mainly women, with advanced age, and a severe functional impairment secondary to PF. The intervention of a geriatrician could contribute to optimise hospital resources.


Subject(s)
Fractures, Bone/complications , Fractures, Bone/physiopathology , Frailty/complications , Frailty/physiopathology , Pelvic Bones/injuries , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Hospitalization , Humans , Male , Referral and Consultation , Retrospective Studies
10.
Reumatol Clin ; 10(5): 299-303, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24553244

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of the implementation of a program for secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures on prescribing bisphosphonates and persistent short-term treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients >50 years with fragility fracture attended in the emergency department were enrolled in an observational study. The program consisted of: 1) training of primary care physicians, 2) baseline visit: questionnaire on osteoporosis, bone densitometry and patient education, 3) patient referral to primary care, except those with multiple fractures or requiring special study or therapy, who were referred to a specialist, and 4) follow-up by checking prescriptions in electronic records, and a telephone survey. The outcome variable was the percentage of patients who, on having been prescribed bisphosphonates, still adhered to the treatment at 3 months. RESULTS: Of the 532 patients with inclusion criteria, 202 (39%) refused to participate. Those who refused to take part had a higher mean age (P<.01) and a higher frequency of hip fracture (P<.01) compared with patients who did participate. A total of 330 patients were included for intervention, with a mean age of 71 years, and 254(77%) were female. An antiresorptive was being used by 45 patients (13%) at baseline. After the baseline visit 223 patients (67%) were recommended a bisphosphonate. In the follow-up at 3 months 78% of patients who had been prescribed bisphosphonate were still receiving treatment. CONCLUSIONS: We present a multidisciplinary program for secondary prevention of fractures coordinated by rheumatology in which the number of patients who were receiving bisphosphonate at 3 months increased by four times compared to baseline visit.


Subject(s)
Models, Theoretical , Osteoporotic Fractures/prevention & control , Secondary Prevention , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Diphosphonates/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nursing , Patient Care Team , Primary Health Care , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Rheumatology
11.
Salud pública Méx ; 51(supl.1): s25-s37, 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-508402

ABSTRACT

Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) appears to be developing into an acceptable, low-cost and readily-accessible alternative to dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) in the detection and management of osteoporosis. Perhaps the major difficulty with their widespread use is that many different QUS devices exist that differ substantially from each other, in terms of the parameters they measure and the strength of empirical evidence supporting their use. But another problem is that virtually no data exist outside of Caucasian or Asian populations. In general, heel QUS appears to be most tested and most effective. Some, but not all heel QUS devices are effective assessing fracture risk in some, but not all populations, the evidence being strongest for Caucasian females > 55 years old, though some evidence exists for Asian females > 55 and for Caucasian and Asian males > 70. Certain devices may allow to estimate the likelihood of osteoporosis, but very limited evidence exists supporting QUS use during the initiation or monitoring of osteoporosis treatment. Likely, QUS is most effective when combined with an assessment of clinical risk factors (CRF); with DXA reserved for individuals who are not identified as either high or low risk using QUS and CRF. However, monitoring and maintenance of test and instrument accuracy, precision and reproducibility are essential if QUS devices are to be used in clinical practice; and further scientific research in non-Caucasian, non-Asian populations clearly is compulsory to validate this tool for more widespread use.


El ultrasonido cuantitativo (QUS) es una alternativa para la detección y manejo de la osteoporosis de bajo costo y uso práctico, si se compara con las densitometrías de rayos X de doble haz de baja energía (DXA) que determinan densidad mineral ósea (BMD). La mayor dificultad para el uso generalizado del QUS por un lado es que existen muchos instrumentos que son significativamente diferentes uno del otro y por otro en la calidad de la evidencia en que se justifica su empleo, que generalmente es insuficiente y/o poco sistematizada. Otro problema importante del QUS, es que prácticamente no existe información que no sea la generada en poblaciones asiáticas o caucásicas. En general, los estudios de calcáneo realizados con QUS son los más utilizados y mejor validados para evaluar el riesgo de fracturas en algunas poblaciones. La evidencia más grande de su efectividad se conoce para las mujeres caucásicas y asiáticas mayores de 55 años e incluso para los hombres asiáticos mayores de 70 años. Varios instrumentos cuentan con buen sustento científico, que los vuelve confiables para establecer un pronóstico preciso e identificar el riesgo individual de sufrir fracturas por osteoporosis, sin embargo, existe poca evidencia que respalde su uso para iniciar y monitorear el resultado del tratamiento de la osteoporosis. El QUS mejora su efectividad diagnóstica cuando se combina con los resultados de un cuestionario que identifica riesgos clínicos. En un escenario ideal, el DXA se debe reservar solo para aquellos individuos que no puedan ser identificados de manera confiable usando QUS y el cuestionario de riesgos clínicos. Si se quiere aceptar a los instrumentos QUS en la práctica clínica, para el monitoreo es indispensable asegurar y mantener la exactitud, precisión y reproducibilidad de los instrumentos y de los técnicos que los utilizan. Se requieren más estudios científicos de poblaciones no caucásicas o asiáticas para validar el uso generalizado del QUS.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Bone Density , Osteoporosis , Algorithms , Asian People , Calcaneus , Densitometry/economics , Densitometry/instrumentation , White People , Fractures, Spontaneous/etiology , Osteoporosis/ethnology , Osteoporosis/therapy , Risk Assessment/methods , Ultrasonography/instrumentation
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