Stress Fracture of the Trapezoid in a Professional Tennis Player.

Background: Repetitive microtrauma can lead to trapezoid and second metacarpal stress fractures in racket sport players. Nontraumatic trapezoid stress fractures are rare and difficult to diagnose. To our knowledge, only 3 cases had been reported as of May 2023. We report the fourth case of a nontraumatic sports-related trapezoid stress fracture and only the second case in a tennis player. Case Report: A 29-year-old professional and right hand-dominant male tennis player presented with right hand and wrist pain for 3 weeks. He complained of dorsal wrist tenderness proximal to the base of the second metacarpal that was exacerbated by extension of the index finger. Initial radiographs were normal, but magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist showed a stress fracture of the trapezoid bone and base of the second metacarpal. The patient was treated conservatively with a wrist brace, cessation of sports activities, and modification of his training routine. The patient was asymptomatic at 1-year follow-up. Conclusion: This case highlights the relationship between trapezoid and second metacarpal stress fractures in athletes. A high index of suspicion for trapezoid stress fractures should be maintained and included in every differential diagnosis for athletes, especially racket sport players presenting with wrist pain. To avoid future injuries, clinicians should not only treat the fracture but also address the risk factors predisposing to this injury.

Injury incidence and prevalence in elite short-course triathletes: a 4-year prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To characterise the prevalence, incidence rate (IR) and burden of injuries in elite short-course triathletes over a 4-year training and competition period. METHODS: Fifty elite Australian triathletes were prospectively monitored for injury during four consecutive seasons (2018-2021). Injuries requiring medical attention were prospectively recorded and further subcategorised according to time loss. The IR and burden (injury IR×mean injury severity) were calculated per 365 athlete days, with sex differences in IR compared using IR ratios (IRR) from negative binomial regression models. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty-six injuries were reported in 46 (92.0%) athletes, of which 67.3% resulted in time loss. The injury IR was 1.87 injuries per 365 athlete days (95% CI 1.70 to 2.80), and comparable between sexes (IRR 0.82, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.04, p=0.109). Most injuries (70.7%) were training related. The most frequently injured body sites were the ankle (15.8%), foot (12.4%) and lower leg (12.0%). Bone stress injuries (BSIs) were the most burdensome injury type with 31.38 days of time loss per 365 days (95% CI 24.42 to 38.34). Twenty athletes (40.0%) reported at least one bone stress injury (BSI) (range 0-3). The rate of BSIs in female athletes was three times greater compared with male athletes (IRR 2.99, 95% CI 1.26 to 7.07, p=0.013). CONCLUSION: Two-thirds of injuries reported in elite short-course triathletes resulted in time loss, with the majority occurring during training activities. Foot, ankle and other lower leg injuries had the highest incidence, with BSIs carrying the highest injury burden. The considerably higher rate of BSI observed in female athletes warrants consideration for future prevention strategies in female triathletes.

Musculoskeletal Injury in an Australian Professional Ballet Company, 2018-2021: 953 Medical-Attention and 706 Time-Loss Injuries Over 4 Years.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the incidence rate, frequency, severity, recurrence, and burden of musculoskeletal injury in professional ballet. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiological (retrospective). METHODS: Professional dancers (n = 73, 40 females, 33 males) provided consent for retrospective review of musculoskeletal injury data. Medical-attention injuries were reported to and recorded by onsite physiotherapists between January 2018 and December 2021. Time-loss injuries were any injury that prevented a dancer from taking a full part in all dance-related activities for >1 day. Injuries were classified using the OSICS-10.1 system. Injury incidence rates (IIRs; injuries/1000 h), severity, recurrence, and burden were calculated. RESULTS: Nine hundred and fifty-three medical-attention injuries were recorded in 72 (98%) dancers at an IIR of 2.79/1000 h (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.62-2.98). 706 were time-loss injuries, which were reported in 70 dancers at an IIR of 2.07/1000 h (95% CI: 1.92, 2.23). Overuse injuries represented 53% of medical-attention injuries. The most frequently injured body area and tissue/pathology were thoracic facet joint (n = 63/953, 7%) and ankle synovitis/impingement (n = 62/953, 6%). Bone stress injuries (BSIs) were the most severe with the highest median time loss (135 days, interquartile range [IQR] 181) followed by fractures (72.5 days, IQR 132). The injuries with the highest burden were tibial BSIs (13 days lost/1000 h; 95% CI: 13, 14). Jumping and lifting were the most frequently reported injury mechanisms. CONCLUSION: Almost all dancers required medical attention for at least one injury during the surveillance period. Approximately 74% of injuries resulted in time loss. BSIs and ankle synovitis/impingement were of high burden, and a high proportion of BSIs were recurrent. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2023;53(11):712-722. Epub 14 September 2023. doi:10.2519/jospt.2023.11858.

Return to sport following low-risk and high-risk bone stress injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Bone stress injuries (BSIs) are classified in clinical practice as being at low- or high-risk for complication based on the injury location. However, this dichotomous approach has not been sufficiently validated. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the prognostic role of injury location on return-to-sport (RTS) and treatment complications after BSI of the lower extremity and pelvis. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL and Google Scholar databases were searched from database inception to December 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Peer-reviewed studies that reported site-specific RTS of BSIs in athletes. RESULTS: Seventy-six studies reporting on 2974 BSIs were included. Sixteen studies compared multiple injury sites, and most of these studies (n=11) described the anatomical site of injury as being prognostic for RTS or the rate of treatment complication. Pooled data revealed the longest time to RTS for BSIs of the tarsal navicular (127 days; 95% CI 102 to 151 days) and femoral neck (107 days; 95% CI 79 to 135 days) and shortest duration of time for BSIs of the posteromedial tibial shaft (44 days, 95% CI 27 to 61 days) and fibula (56 days; 95% CI 13 to 100 days). Overall, more than 90% of athletes successfully returned to sport. Treatment complication rate was highest in BSIs of the femoral neck, tarsal navicular, anterior tibial shaft and fifth metatarsal; and lowest in the fibula, pubic bone and posteromedial tibial shaft. CONCLUSION: This systematic review supports that the anatomical site of BSIs influences RTS timelines and the risk of complication. BSIs of the femoral neck, anterior tibial shaft and tarsal navicular are associated with increased rates of complications and more challenging RTS. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021232351.

Effects of jump training on the repair of bone injuries / Efeitos do treinamento de salto no reparo de lesões ósseas / Efectos del entrenamiento de salto en la reparación de lesiones óseas

ABSTRACT Introduction: Long jump is a technically complex sport. Its technique encompasses running, jumping, and landing. It has high speed, fast pace, and high-intensity characteristics. Objective: Study the effect of long jump training on bone repair and rehabilitation of human fatigue injury in the lower limbs of young athletes. Methods: A scientific literature search, experimental comparison, mathematical statistics, and other research methods were used to analyze the causes and mechanisms of sports injuries in distance jumpers. An eccentric contraction training was formulated and tried out in practice. Results: After 12 weeks of eccentric contraction training, the FMS scores of jumpers in jumping improved, existing problems were recovered, and eccentric contraction training reduced the probability of sports injuries in jumpers. Conclusion: Eccentric contraction training improves the performance of young athletes in the long jump, greatly increases stability, and reduces the likelihood of future sports injuries. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O salto em distância é um esporte tecnicamente complexo. Sua técnica engloba corrida, saltos e aterrissagem. Tem as características de alta velocidade, ritmo rápido e alta intensidade. Objetivo: Estudar o efeito do treinamento de salto à distância no reparo ósseo e na reabilitação da lesão por fadiga humana nos membros inferiores de jovens atletas. Métodos: Foi utilizada uma consulta de literatura científica, comparação experimental, estatística matemática e outros métodos de pesquisa para analisar as causas e mecanismos das lesões esportivas em saltadores à distância. Um treinamento excêntrico de contração foi formulado e experimentado na prática. Resultados: Após 12 semanas de treinamento de contração excêntrica, a pontuação FMS dos saltadores em salto melhorou, os problemas existentes foram recuperados e o treinamento de contração excêntrica reduziu a probabilidade de lesões esportivas nos saltadores. Conclusão: O treinamento de contração excêntrica melhora o desempenho dos jovens atletas no salto em distância, aumenta muito a estabilidade e reduz a probabilidade de futuras lesões esportivas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El salto de longitud es un deporte técnicamente complejo. Su técnica incluye correr, saltar y aterrizar. Tiene las características de alta velocidad, ritmo rápido y alta intensidad. Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto del entrenamiento de salto de longitud en la reparación ósea y la rehabilitación de la lesión por fatiga humana en las extremidades inferiores de jóvenes atletas. Métodos: Se utilizó la consulta de la literatura científica, la comparación experimental, la estadística matemática y otros métodos de investigación para analizar las causas y los mecanismos de las lesiones deportivas en los saltadores de distancia. Se formuló un entrenamiento de contracción excéntrica y se probó en la práctica. Resultados: Tras 12 semanas de entrenamiento de contracción excéntrica, las puntuaciones de FMS de los saltadores de longitud mejoraron, los problemas existentes se recuperaron y el entrenamiento de contracción excéntrica redujo la probabilidad de lesiones deportivas en los saltadores. Conclusión: El entrenamiento de la contracción excéntrica mejora el rendimiento de los jóvenes atletas en el salto de longitud, aumenta en gran medida la estabilidad y reduce la probabilidad de futuras lesiones deportivas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

The "Eiffel Tower" technique: novel long-axis sacroplasty under electromagnetic navigation assistance; feasibility and descriptive study.

OBJECTIVES: To describe a novel long-axis multimodal navigation assisted technique - the so-called Eiffel Tower technique - aimed at integrating recent technological improvements for the routine treatment of sacral insufficiency fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The long-axis approach described in the present study aimed at consolidating the sacral bone according to biomechanical considerations. The purpose was (i) to cement vertically the sacral alae all along and within the lateral fracture lines, resembling the pillars of a tower, and (ii) to reinforce cranially with a horizontal S1 landing zone (or dense central bone) resembling the first level of the tower. An electromagnetic navigation system was used in combination with CT and fluoroscopic guidance to overtop extreme angulation challenges. All patients treated between January 2019 and October 2021 in a single tertiary center were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: A description of the technique is provided. Twelve female patients (median age: 80 years [range: 32 to 94]) were treated for sacral insufficiency fractures with the "Eiffel Tower" technique. The median treatment delay was 8 weeks (range: 3 to 20) and the initial median pain assessed by the visual analogue scale was 7 (range: 6 to 8). Pain was successfully relieved (visual analogue score < 3) for 9 patients (75%) and persisted for 2 patients (17%). One patient was lost during the follow-up. No complication was noted. CONCLUSION: The "Eiffel Tower" multimodal cementoplasty integrates recent technological developments, in particular electromagnetic navigation, with the purpose of reconstructing the biomechanical chain of the sacral bone. KEY POINTS: • Sacral insufficiency fractures are common and can be efficiently treated with percutaneous sacroplasty. • The long axis sacroplasty approach can be challenging given both the shape of the sacral bone and the angulation to reach the target lesion. • The "Eiffel Tower" technique is a novel approach using electromagnetic navigation to expand the concept of the long axis route, adding a horizontal S1 landing zone.

Humerus Diaphyseal Stress Fracture in a Teenage Tennis Athlete: Case Report.

A teenage male tennis player had chronic pain in his dominant arm during tennis practice. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested humerus diaphyseal stress injury. After 4 weeks, he became asymptomatic and resumed playing. However, pain recurred after 3 days. A new MRI revealed a diaphyseal undisplaced humerus fracture and significant bone marrow edema. The patient remained in rest for 4 weeks. After that, strengthening exercises were introduced and return to training was allowed after 12 weeks. Even if asymptomatic, we suggest that these patients should not return to play before 12 weeks, depending on the physical exam and imaging findings.

Humerus Diaphyseal Stress Fracture in a Teenage Tennis Athlete: Case Report / Fratura por estresse diafisária do úmero em atleta de tênis adolescente: Relato de caso

Abstract A teenage male tennis player had chronic pain in his dominant arm during tennis practice. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested humerus diaphyseal stress injury. After 4 weeks, he became asymptomatic and resumed playing. However, pain recurred after 3 days. A new MRI revealed a diaphyseal undisplaced humerus fracture and significant bone marrow edema. The patient remained in rest for 4 weeks. After that, strengthening exercises were introduced and return to training was allowed after 12 weeks. Even if asymptomatic, we suggest that these patients should not return to play before 12 weeks, depending on the physical exam and imaging findings.

Resumo Um tenista adolescente tinha dor crônica no braço dominante durante os treinos de tênis. A ressonância magnética (RM) sugeriu lesão por estresse na diáfise do úmero. Depois de 4 semanas, ele se tornou assintomático e voltou a jogar. No entanto, houve recidiva da dor após 3 dias. A nova RM revelou fratura diafisária não desviada do úmero e edema significativo da medula óssea. O paciente ficou em repouso por 4 semanas. Depois disso, exercícios de fortalecimento foram introduzidos e o retorno aos treinamentos foi permitido após 12 semanas. Mesmo que assintomáticos, sugerimos que esses pacientes não voltem a jogar antes das 12 semanas, dependendo dos exames físicos e dos achados por imagem.

One-stage total knee arthroplasty combined with open reduction and internal fixation for knee osteoarthritis complicated with tibial stress fracture / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To explore one-stage total knee arthroplasty (TKA) combined with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for knee osteoarthritis complicated with tibial stress fracture.Methods:The 3 patients were retrospectively analyzed who had been treated for knee osteoarthritis complicated with tibial stress fracture at Department of Orthopedics, Ganzhou District People＇s Hospital from March 2018 to March 2020. They were all female, aged from 54 to 76 years (average, 66 years). There were 2 transverse fractures and one short oblique fracture; all of them had knee varus deformity. The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scores averaged 37.6 (from 28 to 50) for the left knee and 28.3 (from 22 to 39) for the right knee. One-stage TKA was performed for the articular surface while ORIF for the right tibial stress fracture for all patients. Recorded were fracture union time, HSS knee score and range of articular motion.Results:The 3 patients were followed up for 25 to 44 months (average, 32 months).The fracture union time ranged from 4 to 7 months (average, 5 months). The last follow-ups revealed no such complications as prosthesis loosening, peri-prosthesis osteolysis or joint instability. Knee varus deformity was corrected in all patients. The HSS knee scores at the last follow-up averaged 89.6 (from 88 to 91) for the left knee and 88.3 (from 85 to 90) for the right knee.Conclusion:In the treatment of knee osteoarthritis complicated with tibial stress fracture, one-stage TKA combined with ORIF can restore the function of knee joint, leading to fine curative effects.

Correlation analysis between arch index and foot kinematic parameters and their characteristics in stress fracture of lower extremity / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To analyze the relationship between arch index and foot kinematic parameters and their characteristics in stress fracture of lower extremity.Methods:A case-control study was performed for 108 recruits selected from a certain army unit in 2019. Before training, the recruits′ foot print images were collected by the capacitive plantar pressure measurement system to calculate their arch indices. The kinematic characteristics of the foot were analyzed by the dynamic gait posture analysis system. Spearman rank correlation analysis between arch index and foot kinematic parameters including landing elevation angle, toe-off angle, landing speed, landing varus angle, valgus amplitude and landing valgus speed were performed. Throughout the training, orthopedic physicians followed up the recruits, among whom 10 were excluded due to other types of lower extremity injuries. The arch index and foot kinematic characteristics were analyzed and compared between the remained recruits with stress fracture of lower extremity (fracture group, n=10) and those without lower extremity injury (control group, n=79). Results:(1) For the recruits, the arch index was 0.21(0.12,0.25), with landing elevation angle for (17.31±4.02)°, toe-off angle for (63.90±5.63)°, landing speed for (176.85±24.39)°/s, landing varus angle for (13.64±4.44)°, valgus amplitude for (12.16±3.42)°, and landing valgus speed for 382.50(311.05,474.80)°/s. (2) The landing varus angle ( r=0.25, P<0.01) and valgus amplitude ( r=0.14, P<0.05) were positively related to the arch index. (3) The arch index, toe-off angle and landing valgus speed were 0.20(0.07,0.24), (61.59±5.51)° and 336.00(251.02,428.67)°/s in fracture group, significantly lower than 0.23(0.17,0.26), (64.79±4.79)° and 381.20(313.63,470.92)°/s in control group ( P<0.05 or 0.01). There were no significant differences in the landing elevation angle, landing speed, landing varus angle and valgus amplitude between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:The change of the arch index can affect the landing varus angle and valgus amplitude of the foot. Recruits who suffer from stress fracture of lower extremity have the characteristics of higher arch, lower toe-off angle and lower landing valgus speed.

Triathlete with Multiple Stress Fractures in the Lower Limbs: Case Report and Literature Review.

Recurrent stress fractures rarely affect the same athlete. We present the case of a female triathlete who suffered multiple stress fractures in both tibias, the right fibula, and the left femoral neck. Conservative treatment was instituted in all episodes, with rest, reduced training load, and physical therapy rehabilitation. The relative energy deficiency in sport syndrome, along with an eating disorder, training overload, and osteopenia, was identified as a risk factor. Although rare, multiple stress fractures can occur in female triathletes. These patients must be screened for risk factors associated with biomechanics, nutrition, and training to develop an effective prevention and treatment program.

Stress Fracture of the Femoral Shaft in Paget's Disease of Bone: A Case Report.

Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a progressive bone disorder characterized by increased osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and abnormal bone formation. Incomplete atypical femoral fracture, appearing radiographically as a stress fracture at the lateral aspect of the femur, is an uncommon low-trauma fracture frequently seen in association with long-term bisphosphonate therapy. We describe the case of a 61-year-old female patient with PDB who developed a stress fracture at the lateral femoral cortex after 5 doses of intravenous bisphosphonate. The conservative treatment plan included discontinuation of bisphosphonate, a continuation of calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and limited weight-bearing for 3 months. The patient's pain level gradually improved after switching to the new treatment plan. At the latest follow-up, approximately 5 years after the initiation of conservative treatment, the patient remained pain-free, and her PDB was well-controlled. However, the fracture line was still visible on the most recent radiograph. Although it remains unclear whether a stress fracture at the lateral femoral cortex occurred due to bisphosphonate therapy or PDB, this case highlights the importance of careful evaluation of any lesion that appears in PDB patients receiving bisphosphonate therapy.

Musculoskeletal injuries in military personnel-Descriptive epidemiology, risk factor identification, and prevention.

OBJECTIVES: To provide an overall perspective on musculoskeletal injury (MSI) epidemiology, risk factors, and preventive strategies in military personnel. DESIGN: Narrative review. METHODS: The thematic session on MSIs in military personnel at the 5th International Congress on Soldiers' Physical Performance (ICSPP) included eight presentations on the descriptive epidemiology, risk factor identification, and prevention of MSIs in military personnel. Additional topics presented were bone anabolism, machine learning analysis, and the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on MSIs. This narrative review focuses on the thematic session topics and includes identification of gaps in existing literature, as well as areas for future study. RESULTS: MSIs cause significant morbidity among military personnel. Physical training and occupational tasks are leading causes of MSI limited duty days (LDDs) for the U.S. Army. Recent studies have shown that MSIs are associated with the use of NSAIDs. Bone MSIs are very common in training; new imaging technology such as high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography allows visualization of bone microarchitecture and has been used to assess new bone formation during military training. Physical activity monitoring and machine learning have important applications in monitoring and informing evidence-based solutions to prevent MSIs. CONCLUSIONS: Despite many years of research, MSIs continue to have a high incidence among military personnel. Areas for future research include quantifying exposure when determining MSI risk; understanding associations between health-related components of physical fitness and MSI occurrence; and application of innovative imaging, physical activity monitoring and data analysis techniques for MSI prevention and return to duty.

Avaliação ex vivo da durabilidade de sistemas de instrumentação de NiTi tratados termicamente / Ex-vivo evaluation of the durability of thermally treated NiTi endodontic files

Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar três sistemas de instrumentação de NiTi, tratados termicamente, quanto ao número de condutos instrumentados até a fratura. Métodos: Foram utilizados 210 molares humanos inferiores e superiores com curvaturas leves a moderadas, comprimentos reais entre 19 e 21 mm e forames apicais até 200µm. Esses foram randomicamente divididos em três grupos de acordo com o sistema de instrumentação utilizado: Reciproc (REC; R25), ProDesign Duo Híbrido (PDH; #25/.01 e #25/.08) e TF Adaptive (TFA; #25/.08). Foram utilizados 5 instrumentos/kits de cada sistema. Registrou-se, então, o número de condutos instrumenta- dos até a fratura e o número de reinserções necessárias até o alcance do comprimento de trabalho. Resultados: A análise estatística apontou diferenças significativas quando comparada a durabilidade dos sistemas, tendo os instrumentos do grupo PDH oferecido os maiores valores (29,2), seguido de REC (21,6) e TFA (15,4) (p<0,05). Quanto ao número de reinserções, o sistema TFA foi o que necessitou do menor número de reinserções (p<0,05). Conclusão: Nas condições do estudo, pode-se concluir que o sistema ProDesign Duo Híbrido foi o mais durável; ainda que o sistema TF Adaptive tenha alcançado o comprimento de trabalho com maior facilidade

Objective: The present study compared three systems of thermally treated NiTi endodontic files regarding their achieved number of prepared root canals before fracture. Methods: Two hundred and ten slightly and moderately curved upper and lower molars with actual length ranging from 19 to 21 mm and apex foramens diameters up to 200 µm were used. The sample was allotted to three groups according to the instrumentation system in use: Reciproc (REC; R25), ProDesign Duo Hybrid (PDH; #25/.01 and #25/.08), and TF Adaptive (TFA; #25/.08). Five instruments/kits of each system were used. Then, it was registered the number of root canals prepared until the instrument fractured and the number of reinsertions needed until the working length was achieved. Results: The statistical analysis showed significant differences among the durability of the three systems, being the instruments of group PDH the ones that yielded higher reuses (29.2) followed by groups REC (21.6), and TFA (15.4) (P < .05). Regarding the number of insertions, the TFA system was the one that needed the lowest number of reinsertions (P < .05). Conclusion: Under this study conditions, ProDesign Duo Hybrid was the most durable system, whereas TF Adaptive system was the one that most easily achieved the working length.

Diagnostic accuracy of color-coded virtual noncalcium dual-energy CT for the assessment of bone marrow edema in sacral insufficiency fracture in comparison to MRI.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of color-coded dual-energy CT virtual noncalcium (VNCa) reconstructions for the assessment of traumatic bone marrow edema in sacral insufficiency fracture (SIF). METHOD: Data from 52 consecutive patients (28 women, 24 men; mean age, 61 ±â€¯13 years; range, 49-94 years) who had undergone third-generation dual-source CT and 3-Tesla (T) MRI due to low back pain without adequate trauma were retrospectively evaluated. Five radiologists, blinded to MRI and clinical information, independently analyzed conventional grayscale dual-energy CT series for sacral fractures according to the Denis classification. Eight weeks later, readers re-assessed all scans using color-coded VNCa reconstructions for sacral bone marrow edema. CT numbers on VNCa reconstructions were measured by a sixth radiologist. One experienced radiologist (33 years of experience in musculoskeletal [MSK] imaging), blinded to CT and clinical information, defined the reference standard by analyzing the MRI scans. The primary indices for diagnostic accuracy were sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: MRI revealed a total of 39 zones with SIF-associated bone marrow edema in 27 patients. In the qualitative analysis, VNCa showed high overall sensitivity (93 %) and specificity (95 %) for assessing SIF-associated bone marrow edema. The quantitative analysis of color-coded VNCa reconstructions revealed an overall AUC of 0.976. A cut-off value of -43 Hounsfield units provided a sensitivity of 85 % and a specificity of 95 % for differentiating bone marrow edema. CONCLUSIONS: Color-coded dual-energy CT VNCa reconstructions yield excellent diagnostic accuracy in the analysis of SIF-associated bone marrow edema compared to MRI.

Exploring of the Mechanism of Rib Fracture Caused by Landing on Different Parts of the Trunk after Falls from Height Using Finite Element Method.

ABSTRACT: Objective To study the mechanism of rib fracture caused by landing on different parts of the trunk using finite element method, and to provide some new techniques and new ideas for the reconstruction of the whole process of falls from height. Methods The finite element method was used to study the rib fracture of human security model THUMS4.0 caused by landing on different parts of the trunk. Then the model was compared with actual cases and the mechanism of rib fracture caused by falls from height was analyzed from a biomechanical point of view. Results There were some differences in the stress and strain distribution as well as the rib fracture sites when different parts touched the ground. Ribs on both sides of the body were fractured when the front of the trunk touched the ground, and the fractures were mainly located in the junction of the ribs and costal cartilage and the midaxillary line area. When the right anterior part of the trunk touched the ground, rib fracture occurred first on the side that touched the ground, and rib fractures were mainly located in the area from the right midaxillary line to the posterior axillary line, and junction of ribs on both sides and costal cartilage. When the back of the trunk touched the ground, the fracture sites were mainly located on the back of the ribs on both sides. When the right posterior part of the trunk touched the ground, multiple rib fractures were likely to occur in the parts that touched the ground. The plastic strains were mainly concentrated at the fracture sites, while the von Mises stresses were not only concentrated at the fracture sites, but also at other sites. Conclusion There are some differences in rib fracture location sites and injury mechanisms when different parts of the trunk touch the ground.

Exploring of the Mechanism of Rib Fracture Caused by Landing on Different Parts of the Trunk after Falls from Height Using Finite Element Method / 法医学杂志

Objective To study the mechanism of rib fracture caused by landing on different parts of the trunk using finite element method, and to provide some new techniques and new ideas for the reconstruction of the whole process of falls from height. Methods The finite element method was used to study the rib fracture of human security model THUMS4.0 caused by landing on different parts of the trunk. Then the model was compared with actual cases and the mechanism of rib fracture caused by falls from height was analyzed from a biomechanical point of view. Results There were some differences in the stress and strain distribution as well as the rib fracture sites when different parts touched the ground. Ribs on both sides of the body were fractured when the front of the trunk touched the ground, and the fractures were mainly located in the junction of the ribs and costal cartilage and the midaxillary line area. When the right anterior part of the trunk touched the ground, rib fracture occurred first on the side that touched the ground, and rib fractures were mainly located in the area from the right midaxillary line to the posterior axillary line, and junction of ribs on both sides and costal cartilage. When the back of the trunk touched the ground, the fracture sites were mainly located on the back of the ribs on both sides. When the right posterior part of the trunk touched the ground, multiple rib fractures were likely to occur in the parts that touched the ground. The plastic strains were mainly concentrated at the fracture sites, while the von Mises stresses were not only concentrated at the fracture sites, but also at other sites. Conclusion There are some differences in rib fracture location sites and injury mechanisms when different parts of the trunk touch the ground.

Prognostic value of focal scintigraphic findings in clinically suspected cases of tibial stress fracture.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between tracer uptake on bone scintigraphy and recovery time in patients with tibial stress fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated two groups of athletes: those with clinical suspicion and a radiological diagnosis of tibial stress fracture (TSF group, n = 21); and those with no symptoms or evidence of fracture (control group, n = 10). All subjects underwent bone scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging with a maximum interval of 7 days between the assessments. RESULTS: Using the region of interest technique, we obtained a quantitative evaluation index, comparing affected and unaffected legs. The mean uptake of 99mTc-MDP was significantly higher in the TSF group than in the control group (2.54 ± 0.77 vs. 1.05 ± 0.11; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In our sample of athletes, determining the bone scintigraphy uptake indices provided an objective method to estimate the appropriate recovery time after a tibial stress fracture.

Prognostic value of focal scintigraphic findings in clinically suspected cases of tibial stress fracture / Valor prognóstico dos achados focais na cintilografia óssea em pacientes suspeitos de fratura por estresse na tíbia

Abstract Objective: To investigate the correlation between tracer uptake on bone scintigraphy and recovery time in patients with tibial stress fracture. Materials and Methods: We evaluated two groups of athletes: those with clinical suspicion and a radiological diagnosis of tibial stress fracture (TSF group, n = 21); and those with no symptoms or evidence of fracture (control group, n = 10). All subjects underwent bone scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging with a maximum interval of 7 days between the assessments. Results: Using the region of interest technique, we obtained a quantitative evaluation index, comparing affected and unaffected legs. The mean uptake of 99mTc-MDP was significantly higher in the TSF group than in the control group (2.54 ± 0.77 vs. 1.05 ± 0.11; p < 0.001). Conclusion: In our sample of athletes, determining the bone scintigraphy uptake indices provided an objective method to estimate the appropriate recovery time after a tibial stress fracture.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a correlação entre a captação da cintilografia óssea e o tempo para recuperação de pacientes com fraturas de estresse na tíbia. Materiais e Métodos: Foram avaliados 21 atletas com suspeita clínica e o diagnóstico radiológico de fratura por estresse na tíbia (grupo 1) e 10 atletas assintomáticos (grupo 2). Todos os sujeitos submeteram-se a cintilografia óssea e ressonância magnética com intervalo máximo de sete dias entre as avaliações. Resultados: Índice quantitativo foi obtido usando a técnica da região de interesse, comparando pernas afetadas com não afetadas. A média de captação do 99mTc-MDP nos membros afetados foi significativamente diferente no grupo 1 (2,54 ± 0,77), comparado com o grupo 2 (1,05 ± 0,11) (p < 0,001). Conclusão: Em nossa amostra de atletas, os índices de captação obtidos pela cintilografia óssea proporcionaram um método objetivo para estimar o tempo de recuperação apropriado após uma fratura de estresse na tíbia.